roman gladiators. modern stereotypes thumbs down! jean-léon gérôme. “police verso” (“thumbs...
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Roman Gladiators
Modern Stereotypes
Thumbs Down!
Jean-Léon Gérôme. “Police Verso” (“Thumbs Down”), 1872
Types of Evidence
• Literary (Mahoney)
• Material
Artistic Representations
Artifacts (Equipment)
Tombstones
InscriptionsTerracotta Figurine of a Gladiator in the New York Metropolitan Museum of ArtRoman, 1st-2nd century ADAccession # 10.210.78
Literary Evidence:Thumbs Up!
Juvenal. Satire 3.34-37
The one-time horn players, traveling to municipal arenas, their puffed-out cheeks known in all the little towns, are now putting on their on munera, and when the crowd gives the order with upturned thumb, they kill just as the people want.
Material Evidence
Types of Gladiators
Thraex
Retiarius
Place Your Bet!
Some gladiatorial vocabulary:• tiro: a gladiatorial recruit• veteranus: those gladiators who had fought at least once• lanista: a gladiatorial trainer• armatura: gladiatorial equipment• myrmillo: heavily-armed footman with a fish on his helmets• Samnite: heavily-armed footman• secutor: heavily-armed footman• Thraex: light-armed footman bearing a shield and reversed sickle• retiarius: unhelmeted footman armed with only tunic, net, trident
and dagger• essedarius: chariot fighter• familia: a troop of gladiators• ludus: a place of residence and training of gladiators• ludia: female gladiator; women associated with gladiators; "a
female slave attached to a gladiatorial ludus" (OLD)
• munus: gladiatorial show
Gladiatorial Scenes in Art
Zliten Mosaic
Originally in a Roman seaside villaNow in Archaeological MusuemTripoli, Tunisia
Fragment of a Relief Showing Gladiators in the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art Roman, 1st-3rd century ADRecorded ca. 1880 in the Vigna Aquari in Rome.Accession # 57.11.
Gladiator cup, ca. 50–80 A.D.; Neronian–Early FlavianicRoman; Found at Montagnole, southern France
Now in New York Metropolitan Museum of ArtGlass; H. 2 7/8 in. (7.3 cm), Diam. 3 1/8 in. (7.9 cm)Gift of Henry G. Marquand, 1881 (81.10.245)
Ancient Mosaic now in Bourghese Gallery, Rome
Gladiator Mosaic Bad Kreuznach
(Germany)
http://romanhistorybooksandmore.freeservers.com/p_kreuzn_g.htm
Gladitorial Tombstones