rome
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ROME. Part I: The Republic Part II: The Empire. The Origins of Rome :The Myth. Romulus and Remus Why was it not called Reme?. The Truth (as we know it). Earliest prehistoric settlements (1000 B.C.) 3 groups influenced Rome Latin's shepherds, plains of Latium - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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ROME Part I: The Republic
Part II: The Empire
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The Origins of Rome :The Myth
Romulus and Remus
Why was it not called Reme?
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The Truth (as we know it)• Earliest prehistoric
settlements (1000 B.C.)
3 groups influenced Rome
• Latin's shepherds, plains of Latium
• Greek colonies in Southern Italy
• Etruscans settlements in Northern Italy
• Founded on “the seven hills” of Rome
• Hills over a swamp!!!
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Geography was important to Roman Success
• Rome was midway between the Alps and Sicily
• Rome was on a river near the Sea but not too near
• Rome was midway between Spain and the Middle East
• Rome was in the Middle of the Mediterranean Sea
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Religions• Polytheistic• Many early gods
had no names but charged with taking care of daily things
• Took signs from nature, augury (auspices)
• Later Greek influences would give Rome a Greek Pantheon with Latin Names.
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What are some Greek Gods that have Roman equivalents?
• Zeus• Poseidon• Hera• Hades• Chronos• Ares• Hepheastus• Aphrodite• Hermes
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Social Organization Family• Gravitas
(seriousness, weightiness)
• Role of fathers was important, Patriarch
• Role of women was less important
Classes• Patricians - upper
class• Plebeians- lower
class• Slaves- Spoils of
War
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Arete vs. Gravitas
• Compare the excerpt of Hector and his decision to fight Achilles on page 126.
• What would a Roman Hector do?
• Think Gravitas:
• Strength, Discipline, Tenacity, Loyalty, Pragmatism
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Rome achieved a balanced government.
• Monarchy-2 elected consuls
• Aristocracy-Senate from patrician class
• Democracy-Election of Senators, and an assembly
• Dictatorship-only in crisis times
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Roman Government
• Rome’s Government was balanced
• How does our government compare to theirs?
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Roman Legion
•Rome’s military might was focused upon its Legionary Forces
•Infantry was tough and adaptable
•Infantry was augmented with Cavalry and Artillery
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The plebeians fight for equality.
• Refused to Fight in the Army. . . • Office of the Tribunes created for the “Plebs’
– 10 elected officials to represent the plebeians in the Senate
– Protected the rights of the plebs• Twelve Tables – written law code; granted free
citizens protection from the government • Citizens’ Assemblies
– All adult, Roman males could attend and vote on representatives
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Rome 265 B.C.
• Dominates the Italian Peninsula
• Conquered people were citizens but could not vote
• Allies – supplied Rome with troops
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Rome’s Trade Empire
• Location made it easy to trade by land and sea
• Traded wine and olive oil for food, wood, granite, leather, etc.
• Rome wanted control of the Mediterranean Sea trade network
• Went to war with Carthage
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Punic Wars – Rome vs. Carthage• Three separate wars• 1st war (264 – 241 B.C.)
– Rome won Sicily from Carthage
• 2nd war (218 – 202 B.C.)– Hannibal attacked Rome– Scipio defeats Hannibal at
the Battle of Zama
• 3rd war (149 – 146 B.C.)– Rome destroys Carthage– Sold 50,000 people to
slavery
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Consequences of Punic Wars
• Rome loses many citizens
• Farms destroyed by Hannibal
• Rich corrupted and take advantage of poor
• Small farmers had to sell land to rich
• 25% of population were in poverty
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First Triumvirate - Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus
• They dominate Roman politics • Crassus died. . . Pompey
became Caesar’s rival• Senate ordered Caesar to
return to Rome• 49 B.C. – Caesar returns with
army (war with Pompey)• 44 B.C. – Caesar became
dictator of Rome by force
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Caesar tried to reform the government.
• Granted citizenship to the provinces outside of Italy
• Senate enlarged to 900 men (more plebs)
• Public works program (jobs for poor)
• Gave land to poor in colonies (Spain, France, Africa, etc.)
• Designed a new,accurate calendar (month of Julius)
• Increased pay for soldiers
• Caesar is popular and Senate is upset…
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Caesar’s Assassination• March 15, 44 B.C. Caesar assassinated
in the Senate chamber
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Second Triumvirate – Octavian, Mark Anthony, and Lepidus• Hunted down Caesar's assassins
• Dominated Rome for ten years
• Octavian and Mark Anthony fight for leadership of Rome
• 31 B.C. – Octavian defeats Anthony and Cleopatra at Battle of Actium
• Octavian becomes first emperor of Rome – changes name to Augustus Caesar (exalted one)
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• Battle of Actium
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Rome is an Empire
• Augustus is the unchallenged ruler of Rome
• Octavian ruled as a dictator for 41 years
• Starts Pax Romana (27 B.C. – 180 A.D.)– Pax Romana = Roman Peace– Empire = 3 million square miles– 60 – 80 million people– Cultural Diffusion = many different societies
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• Roman Coliseum
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Succession never solved in Rome
• It was never determined how the next emperor would be decided in Rome when the current emperor died.
• After the death of the emperor, Rome generally went into a time of violence as different factions made their choices clear.
• Eventually a system of “adoption” was used.
• From
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Many of the Christian teachings collided with the Roman ideas.
• Religious ceremonies - Christians did not attend pagan ceremonies.
• Fighting - Christians would not fight.
• Worshipping the emperor - Christians only worshipped God and Jesus.
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Consequently the Romans persecuted the Christians.
• Hungry Lion
• Plus
• Unarmed Christians
• Equals
• Roman Entertainment
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Time of Crisis “Crisis of the Third Century”
• Economic Problems - three sources of prosperity ended (trade, plunder, farms)
• Military Problems - Goths over ran legions, soldiers fought for money not patriotism
• Political Decay - officials were no longer loyal to Rome
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Barbarians Invasions
• Ostrogoths, Visigoths, Franks, Angles, Saxons, Burgundians, Lombards, Vandals
• AND THE HUNS!!!
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Many historians have theories explaining why Rome fell...
• Political
• Social
• Economic
• Military
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Immediate cause of the fall of Rome was...
• Pressure from Huns and invasions from the German tribes
• The Hun threatened not only the Roman Empire, but all Germanic tribes as well– Attila sacked 70 cities in Rome– Attila met with Leo I (the pope) and stopped
short of destroying Rome completely
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Fall of RomeConquest by
barbarians
led to the sack of Rome.
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Roman Reveiw• Who were the mythological founders of Rome?
• What river was Rome located on?
• What was favorable about Rome’s Geography?
• Where did Rome get its religious beliefs?
• What characteristic is most important to a Roman?
• What were the two classes of Romans?
• How did Rome achieve a balanced government?
• Who did Rome fight in the Punic Wars?
• Who made up the first Triumvirate? Who succeeded?
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Roman Review• Who was Rome’s first true Emperor and
probably its greatest?
• What new religion spread throughout Rome during its empire age?
• Did romans accept new religions easily?
• How did the Roman Emperors solve the problem of succession?
• What are some reasons that Rome fell?