routine of helicopter maintenance activities
TRANSCRIPT
FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
AJD21603 ROTORCRAFT SERVICING, MAINTENANCE AND ROLE EQUIPMENT
WEEK 5:ROUTINE OF HELICOPTER MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES
FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
LESSON OBJECTIVES & OUTCOMESOBJECTIVES:
1. GAIN KNOWLEDGE ON VARIOUS TYPES OF HELICOPTER MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES.
2. GAIN KNOWLEDGE ON SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WHILE PERFORMING THOSE INSPECTIONS.
OUTCOMES:
1. EXPLAIN THE VARIOUS TYPES OF HELICOPTER MAINTENANCE PRACTICES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THEM.
2. EXPLAIN THE SAFETY PRECAUTION ASSOCIATED WITH HELICOPTER MAINTENANCE PRACTICES.
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INTRODUCTIONIN THE PREVIOUS LESSON, WE HAVE LEARNED ON THE IMPORTANT CONCEPT OF HELICOPTER MAINTENANCE.
WHEN THE MANUFACTURER DESIGNED THE AIRCRAFT, PART OF THEN DESIGN STAGE IS TO COME OUT WITH THE MAINTENANCE PROGRAM APPLICABLE TO THAT AIRCRAFT.
THE PROCESS IS LENGTHY AND IS NORMALLY DONE IN CONSULTATION WITH THE POTENTIAL OPERATORS OF THE AIRCRAFT.
Maintenance – FAA – This includes inspection, overhaul, repair, preservation, and the replacement of parts, but excludes preventive maintenance.
Maintenance – EASA - Maintenance means any one or combination of overhaul, repair, inspection, replacement, modification or defect rectification of an aircraft or component, with the exception of pre-flight inspection
FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIESSCHEDULED INSPECTION - INSPECTION OR GROUP OF INSPECTION THAT IS BEING PERFORMED AT SPECIFIC INTERVALS.
UNSCHEDULED INSPECTION – INSPECTION THAT IS PERFORMED AS A RESULT OF ANY INCIDENT SUCH AS HARD LANDING OR TAIL ROTOR STRIKES.
PRE-FLIGHT INSPECTION – INSPECTION PERFORMED PRIOR TO THE FIRST FLIGHT OF THE DAY.
POST-FLIGHT INSPECTION – INSPECTION PERFORMED AFTER THE LAST FLIGHT OF THE DAY.
TURN-AROUND INSPECTION – INSPECTION PERFORMED IN BETWEEN FLIGHT SORTIES.
FLIGHT HOURS SCHEDULED INSPECTION – INSPECTION BASED ON NUMBER OF HOURS AIRCRAFT HAS BEEN FLYING.
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CALENDER MONTH SCHEDULED INSPECTION – INSPECTION BASED ON CALENDER.HOURS/CALENDER SCHEDULED INSPECTION – INSPECTION BASED ON EITHER HOURS/CALENDER WHICHEVER COME FIRST.FLIGHT CYCLE INSPECTION – INSPECTION BASED ON EITHER THE FLIGHT CYCLE OR ENGINE CYCLEMINOR INSPECTION – INSPECTION REQUIRE MINIMUM DOWNTIME PERIOD.MAJOR INSPECTION – INSPECTION REQUIRE LONGER DOWNTIME PERIOD.DOWNTIME – TERMINOLOGY OFTEN USED IN AVIATION TO INDICATE THE UNAVAILABILITY OF THE AIRCRAFT DUE TO MAINTENANCE PROGRAM.MAINTENANCE SCHEDULED – DOCUMENT APPROVED BY DCA STATING THE REQUIRED MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENT ON AIRCRAFT.
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MANUFACTURER MAINTENANCE PROGRAMMPD - MAINTENANCE PLANNING DATA DOCUMENTS THE DATA DEVELOPED BY THE MANUFACTURER OF A PARTICULAR AIRPLANE THAT CONTAINS THE INFORMATION EACH OPERATOR OF THAT AIRPLANE NEEDS TO DEVELOP A CUSTOMIZED, SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION PROGRAM
IT IS USUALLY DIVIDED INTO 2 MAIN CATEGORIES;
1. SCHEDULED INSPECTION
2. UNSCHEDULED INSPECTION.
SCHEDULED INSPECTION CAN BE FURTHER DIVIDED INTO INSPECTION THAT ORIGINATED AS A RESULT OF;
1. HARDTIME
2. ON CONDITION
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MANUFACTURER MAINTENANCE PROGRAMINSPECTION THAT IS BASED ON HARD TIME/ON CONDITION CAN BE FURTHER DIVIDED INTO THE FOLLOWING CATEGORIES;
1. FLIGHT HOURS
2. CALENDER
3. FLIGHT HOURS/CALENDER
4. CYCLE
COMMON MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES FALL UNDER ‘ON CONDITION’ ARE;
1. PRE-LIGHT INSPECTION
2. TURN –AROUND INSPECTION
3. POST FLIGHT INSPECTION
4. MINOR INSPECTION
5. MAJOR INSPECTION
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MANUFACTURER MAINTENANCE PROGRAMCOMMON MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES FALL UNDER ‘HARD TIME’ ARE;1. OVERHAUL 2. ULTIMATE LIFEDIFFERENCES BETWEEN OVERHAUL IS THAT UNDER OVERHAUL, COMPONENTS ARE DISMANTLED ARE SPECIFIC INTERVALS, CHECKED/REPLACED AND REASSEMBLED. THE COMPONENTS WILL BE GIVEN ‘0’ HOURSFOR COMPONENTS FALL UNDER ULTIMATE LIFE, THEY ARE SCRAPPED AFTER REACHING SPECFIC PERIOD
THE FOLLOWING 3 ELEMENTS ARE THE MAJOR SOURCE OF UNSCHEDULED INPECTION ON AIRCRAFT;1. INCIDENTS – HARD
LANDING, TAIL ROTOR STRIKE & HELICOPTER LANDED ON WATER.
2. SERVICE BULLETINS INSPECTION REQUIREMENT – SUCH AS MANDATORY SERVICE BULLETIN
3. FOREIGH OR LOCAL AUTHORITY REQUIREMENTS IN THE FORM OF AIRWORTHINESS FIRECTIVES.
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LINE MAINTENANCE VS HEAVY MAINTENANCE
Line Maintenance – Line Maintenance is generally minor or scheduled maintenance carried out on aircraft:
1. that is in service; and that is:
2. preparing for its first flight in service after a period of being out of service; or
3. en route and stopped before its next flight; or
4. preparing for any other flight during a period of service; and
5. to ensure that the aircraft is fit for the flight.
Heavy Maintenance – Heavy Maintenance is any maintenance, inspection, repair, or alteration a manufacturer has designated that requires specialized training, equipment, or facilities.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
PRE-FLIGHT INSPECTIONINSPECTION PERFORMED BEFORE THE FIRST FLIGHT OF THE DAY.DETAILS OF INSPECTION TO BE PERFORMED ARE STATED IN THE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE IN ADDITION TO THE CHAPTER 5 OF THE MAINTENANCE MANUAL.MOST OF INSPECTION UNDER THIS CATEGORY INVOLVES VISUAL INSPECTION OF THE SPECIFIC PARTS AND AREA ABD TOPPING UP THE OIL LEVELS AS NECESSARY.THE WAY THE INSPECTION IS ARRANGED IS SUCH THAT ALL AREAS ARE COVERED THAT INCLUDES INTERNAL & EXTERNAL OF AEROPLANE.THE MAINTENANCE MANUAL MAY DIVIDED THE HELICOPTER INTO FEW STATIONS TO ENSURE THAT THE TECHNICIANS/ENGINEERS PERFORMING THE INSPECTION WILL NOT MISSED THE VITAL PARTS OF THE AIRCRAFT. THIS INSPECTION IS VERY IMPORTANT AS IT SERVE AS A LAST INSPECTION BEFORE THE AIRCRAFT COMMENCE ITS DUTY FOR THAT PARTICULAR DAY
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TURN AROUND INSPECTIONTURN AROUND INSPECTION IS LESS STRINGENT THAN THE PRE-FLIGHT OR THE DAILY INSPECTION AS IT INVOLVE MAINLY FEW PARTS THAT ARE VITAL FOR THE SUBSEQUENT FLIGHT. MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL SHOULD CHECK FOR ANY FLUID LEAKS THAT ORIGINATED FROM THE PREVIUOS FLIGHT.
THIS INSPECTION IS SOMETIME PERFORMED BY PILOT IF THE AIRCRAFT IS OUTSTATION.
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PRE-FLIGHT INSPECTION ON AS355
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PRE-FLIGHT INSPECTION ON AS355THE FIGURE BELOW SHOWS THE APPROACH THAT SHOULD BE FOLLOWED WHEN PERFORMING THE PRE-FLIGHT INSPECTION
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POST FLIGHT INSPECTIONINSPECTION PERFORMED AFTER THE LAST FLIGHT OF THE DAY.
IT IS MORE DETAILED THAN PRE-FLIGHT & TURN AROUND INSPECTION.
INVOLVES TOPPING UP THE FLUID LEVELS AS NECESSARY.
MOST OF THE TIME ADDITIONAL CHECK & WORK IN THE FORM OF DEFECT RECTIFICATION WILL BE DONE DURING THIS INSPECTION.
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MINOR VS MAJOR INSPECTIONMINOR INSPECTION IS INSPECTION THAT CAN BE PERFORMED WITHIN THE SHORT PERIOD.IT IS USUALLY CARRIED OUT IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE POST-FLIGHT INSPECTION.IT COMPRISES MOSTLY VISUAL INSPECTION & IF ANY REMOVAL OF COMPONENTS ARE REQUIRED, IT IS USUALLY CARRIED OUT ON VITAL COMPONENTS SUCH AS FILTERS & CHIP DETECTORSEXAMPLE 25/50 HOURS INSPECTION OR 3/6 MONTH INSPECTION.NO GROUNDING OF AIRCARFT IS NECESSARY
MAJOR INSPECTION IS INSPECTION THAT TAKES CONSDERABLE TIME AND USUALLY REQUIRE GROUNDING OF AIRCRAFT.INVOLVES DETAILED INSPECTION ON MAJOR COMPONENTS & AS SUCH REQUIRE REMOVAL OF SUCH COMPONENTS FROM AIRCRAFT.THE DOWNTIME PERIOD IS VARY FROM 1 DAY TO FEW MONTHS DEPENDING ON THE TYPE OF INSPECTION OR AVAILABILITY OF MANPOWER.EXAMPLE OF SUCH INSPECTION INCLUDES 100/200/300/500/1000 HOURS INSPECTION OR 5/12 YEARS INSPECTION
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EXAMPLES OF HEAVY MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES
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UNSCHEDULED INSPECTIONUNSCHEDULED INSPECTION WILL BE TOUCHED IN DETAILS UNDER DIFFERENT TOPIC
FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
SOMETHING TO THINK ABOUT!
IAW A.N 3, 10 & MCAR PART 5, BEFORE AN ENGINEER ISSUE A CRS AFTER COMPLETION OF ANY WORK, HE MUST ENSURE THAT HE HAS SATISFY THE FOLLOWING REQUIREMENT;
1. UP-TO-DATE INSTRUCTION & APPROVED AIRWORTHINESS DATA (Including manuals, drawings, specifications, DCA mandatory modifications or inspections and where applicable company procedures)
2. RECOMMENDED TOOLING AND TEST EQUIPMENT WHICH IS CURRENTLY CALIBRATED WHERE APPLICABLE.
3. WORKING ENVIRONMENT APPROPRIATE TO THE WORK BEING CARRIED OUT.
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SAFETY PRECAUTION & WORD OF ADVICEPERSONNEL INVOLVES IN MAINTAINING OF AIRCRAFT PLAY A VERY IMPORTANT ROLE AS IT RELATED TO THE LIFE OF THE PASSENGERS OF THE AEROPLANE/HELICOPTER.UNDER NO CIRCUMTANCES SHOULD AN ENGINEER RELEASING THE AIRCRAFT IF IN HIS/HER OPINION THAT THE AIRCRAFT IS NOT FIT FOR THE FLIGHT.AS MENTIONED IN THE PREVIOUS SLIDE, WHEN PERFORMING MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES ON AIRCRAFT, THE ENGINEER CONCERNED SHOULD ALWAYS ENSURE THAT ALL THE 3 REQUIREMENTS ARE MET.FAILURE TO DO SO CAN RESULT IN THE CRS BEING ISSUED BECOMES INVALID AND HENCE THE C OF A BECOMES INVALID AS WELL.MCAR STIPULATED THAT LICENCED PERSONNEL CAN BE PROSECUTED IN THE COURT OF LAW IF HE IS FOUND GUILTY OF BREACHING THE SAFETY ASPECT OF THE AIRCRAFT.