rpp naxalism ppt 2003(1) (1)

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Naxalism: The state of Non- State Actor

Profile, potential & Way Ahead

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Understanding the Maoists & their Agenda

Understanding the state of Development in the region

Maoists Ability

Indias Strategy & Response to the Internal Security Threat

Long Term Prospect of Armed Struggle

Dynamics of Development vs. Marginalization

Presentation Focus

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Poverty Map of India

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Mineral Resources and Forest Cover Map of India

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Naxal Organization & Strategy

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Naxal Bari, WB ,

1967

Naxal Bari Village

now Peaceful

Naxal

Organization

1969

Group called India Committee

of Communist Revolutionaries

(CRC) led by Ideologue CharuMazumdar Formed CPI (ML)

Kanhai Chatterjee, Group

Formed Dakshin Desh.

Later became Maoist

Communist Centre (MCC)

National

Emergency

/ end of 1stphase

1978 Revival

Attempt. 1991

CRC-CPI (ML)

Liquidated

1980

Naxalite leader Kondappally

Seetharamaiah founded theCPI-(ML) Peoples War Group

CRC CPI-ML disappeared.

The MCC & CPI-ML (PWG)

remained Major Groups of theidea of Armed Struggle

2004

Grand Merger of MCC + CPI (ML)to become CPI (Maoist).

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The immediate aim of the party is to accomplish the New

Democratic Revolution in India by overthrowing imperialism,

feudalism and comprador bureaucratic capitalism only through

the Protracted Peoples War and establish the peoples

democratic dictatorship under the leadership of the proletariat.

It will further fight for the establishment of socialism.

Maoist Objective

Visible Contradictions in the Objective. However, seems to have

grown around strong Ideological base, Poverty & Marginalization,

Unequal Resource Distribution, Corruption & Trust Deficit on the

Govt. etc.

Article: 4, Party Constitution

Central Committee CPI (Maoist

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.

Immediate Goal

To accomplish New Democratic Revolution.

Distant Goal To Establish the Peoples Democratic Dictatorship under the

leadership of the proletariat.

Fight for the establishment of Communist Society or

socialism.

Method

- Through Armed Agrarian Protracted War.- The Area wise seizure of power.

- Encircling the cities from country side

Fighting to

1- Overthrow Imperialism/Feudalism /Bureaucratic Capitalism.

2 - Further fighting for the establishment of socialism

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Implication Of 2004 Merger

-The Merger Strengthened CPI (Maoist)

- Provided Assessment of earlier Failure

-Revised Strategy Documents

-

2004, (STIR) Strategy And Tactics of Indian Revolution

2007,(UPUA) The Urban Perspective: Our Work in Urban Areas

Both the Documents Demand Govt. of India to re-read Maoists

Strategy and their End Objective

Maoists Strategic Focus

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Assess that the Rebels are still basing theirrevolutionary tactics on the Lower Middle Class of

Indian Society. French Revolution Model.

In the absence of a strong Revolutionary Urban

Movement, the growth of the Peoples War willface limitations in its advancement.

What STIR Proposes

Reminds of the Dialectical Relationship between the

development of the Urban Movement and

Development of Armed Agrarian Revolutionary War

The shift from Rural Guerilla Strategy to Urban Areas call for

serious attention

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2007 UPUA

Working Class leadership is indispensible for New

Democratic Revolution in India. Working Class has to send

advanced detachments to Rural Areas.

Being Centers of Concentration of Industrial Proletariats,

Urban Areas play important role in the political strategy

of NDR to mobilize the proletariat

Establishing Revolutionary Base Areas first in Countryside where

the enemy (i.e. Govt.) is militarily weak. Then gradually

surround/capture the Cities which are bastions of Enemy Forces.

Mao Tse-tung -

Final Objective of Revolution is capture of Cities, the Enemys

main bases and this objective can not be achieved without

adequate work in cities.

Che Guevara- Importance of Urban struggle is Extraordinary.

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- Spread of the Threat- Organizational Strength

- Funding Source and Size

- Mass Support

- Political Support

Naxal Ability ?

- 09 States of India are Official Red Corridor of India.

- Spreads over 165 Districts.

- Strong Funding through various Methods.

- Mass Support at the grass root level has been the strength.

- International Supply Connectivity & Ideological Support.

- Political Parties willy-nilly Signal for narrow political gains.

- Receives Intellectual Support within India & Abroad.

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Chidamberam Puts it as 20 States in the context of

various groups adhering to this ideology or benefiting

from this offensive.

223 Districts in these 20 States are affected at

varying degree

Spreads over 2000 Police station Areas

The CPI(Maoist) remains the most potent of the

Naxal groups with a presence in 17 States and a

90% share in Naxal violence.

Prime Minister Manmohan Singh & Home Minister P.

Chidamberam assess the internal security threat as

the biggest threat to India

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Additionally

- Acts of Train Derailment.

- Attacks on the Police Posts.- Civilian Violent Executions.

- Village level Atrocities.

- Low Intensity Hits against States.

Violence Profile

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Naxal violence Statement of Causalities

Year Fatalities

1996 -156

1997 -428

1998 -270

1999 -363

2000 -50

2001 -100 2002 -140

2003 -451

2004 -500

2005 -700

2006 -750 2007 -650

2008 -794

2009 -1134

BBC puts the losses at

6000 lives in 20 years.

The Times of India of

11 October 2009 puts

the number of dead in

three years at 2600.

They were all

killed by the Naxal

guerillas including a

number of civilians.

The largest number ofviolent activities

occurred in 04 states of

Chhattisgarh, Bihar,

Jharkhand and Orissa.

January 2006 - August 2009 the

number of people killed was2212.

During this period, 5800 violent

events took place.

Out of them, in 715 attacks inChhattisgarh, the number of

dead was 388 in 2006; 369 in

2007; 242 in 2008 and 180 up to

August 2009.

In Jharkhand the number of deadwas 124 in 2006, 157 in 2007,

207 in 2008 and 150 up to August

2009.

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Naxal Striking Potential therefore is real and can

pose serious strategic threat to India.

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Given the Maoists ability and escalation in target

causality, Maoists ability can not be undermined.

More over, there have been many recent arrests ofMaoists form Urban Areas which further speak of

their parallel net working in cities and its vulnerable

underbelly which is signal point

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Terror Economy Profile

Maoists Extort over Rs. 14 Billion Annually,

G K Pillai, Home Secretary, Govt. of India,

Red Money , Out Look, 5 April, 2010

Maoists Annually Extort up to Rs. 20 Billion from across

India. DGP, Vishwa Ranjan, Chhattisgarh. 29 Nov. 2009.

South Asia Monitor, April 2010

Naxal Strength Further Expands with their Economic Power toOrganize, Recruit & Perpetuate their Strength & Violence to

Force Submission. Size of Naxal Economy is indeed frightening

Chhattisgarh Chief Minister Raman Singh recently said that it is

between Rs 1,000 crore (Rs 10 billion) & Rs 1,200 crore (Rs.12

billion) per year.

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Bogus Naxal Extortion

Naxal extortion Gadchiroli: Aheri police arrested educationist and social

worker Shriniwas Ganmukulwar and his three aides for extortion in the

name of Naxalites in Gadchiroli on Friday.

This gang of pseudo Naxals used to threaten contractors and other

businessmen in Aheri, Alapalli and surrounding areas.

They have reportedly extorted lakhs over the last many years.

Sources said that Ganmukulwar is president of social organizationAntarashtriya Manavta Parishad and Sant Manav Dayal Education Society.

His society runs three schools for tribals in interior parts of Gadchiroli

district. The Times of India

Mon, Feb 11, 2013

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Extortions

Misir Mishra, Central Committee Member, CPI-Maoist- Arrested inJharkhand, March 2008, Confessed that the CPI-Maoists collected over

Rs.10 billion in 2007 through State Committees and had set a target of Rs.

11.25 billion for Y-2008. Corresponding levies seemed to have been imposed

on the State Committees.

The seized documents showed that Andhra Pradesh had gone

down in the fund raising ranking from 2nd to 3rd spot, after

Bihar & Chhattisgarh.

While Bihar raised Rs.2billion in 2007

Andhra Pradesh collections came down from

Rs.3billion to Rs.1 billion

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- Maoists Major Funding source is poppy / opium Cultivation.

Cultivation Areas

- Jharkhand - Gumla District Ghagra Area.

- Bihar - Parts of Gumla, Kishanganj & Purnia Districts.

- West Bengal - Mursidabad & Nadia Districts.- Orissa - Ganja (Cannabis) Cultivation, Ganjam,

Gajapati, Badgad & Malkangiri Districts. Badgad Epicentre

The above locations under the patronage of Maoists are

Known pockets of poppy cultivation exploited by Maoists.

(Union Finance Ministry Annual Report 2009-10)

Justice P K Mohanty Commission Report for Orissa

Drug Money

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Forces claim that opium fields are screened / hidden

behind peripheral maize cultivation.

- 2007- 6,000 hectares of illicit Opium grown destroyed in

Murshidabad & Nadia .

- 2009- Illicit Opium Destruction Operations on 1,443 hectors.

- Valued over Rs 12 billion.

Central Bureau of Narcotics (CBN)

Maoists as a whole worth around

Rs.20Billion or Rs.2000cr.

- It is more than double Govt. of Orissas Expenditure on Higher

Education/ Agriculture Sector etc.

- More than 5 Times of Orissas Energy Sector Expenditure

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Govt. Of India Response

"We must meet the challenge to fight againstMaoists and terrorism in the next two to three

years."P. Chidambaram

Strategy:

- Choking the flow of financial Resources

- Bolstering Strategic Ability

- Centre-State unified Intelligence Gathering & Sharing

- Ensuring Development in the strategic Areas throughroad net work connectivity, employment, etc.

- Above all wining the trust of the people who feel

marginalized

-

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Govt. Internal Security Allocation

Budget Estimates

2008 Y - Rs.23,700 cr. or Rs.23.7 billion

2009 Y Rs.36,841 cr. or Rs. 36.8 billion

P Chidambaram, DGP Conference

Need 65,000/ Troops to fight counter Terrorism Menace.

Top Army Brass, Indian Express, 4 Dec. 2011

With recent success in the Kishanjis encounter, there is agrowing feeling that Maoists are in the loosing ground. With

mounted security operations, the Govt. may be able to

impinge serious pressure on the Maoists

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Security

Spending

Profile:India

India

DefenceBudget

2012-13

US$ 40.44

Billion

Indias

Education

Outlay 4%

of GDP

Global Homeland Security Market to Worth $544.02 Billion by 2018

=$32.6billion

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Development Alienation & Maoism

- Around 49.5% of Tribals live under the official poverty line.

- 76.2% are illiterate.

- Almost 30% have no access to any medical facility or basic

amenities.

- Displaced from their land and discriminated against in theindustrial job market.

- They are now fighting to keep their land, their only

remaining resource.

- Orissa has70% of India's bauxite reserves -worlds 6th

largest- 90% of India's Chrome Ore and Nickel

-24% of its coal.

But the people in the Region continue to be poor

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Posco Orissa - 12 Million TPA

Mittal Steel Jharkhand 12 million tpa

Magnitogorsk Steel Orissa 10 million tpa

Tata Steel Orissa and Jharkhand 15 million tpa

Essar Steel Orissa, Chhattisgarh & Jharkhand 12 million tpaMittal Steel Orissa. 12 million tpa

It is a development dilemma

Mining Extraction Profile

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- Forest Act 1980 dissociated Tribal / traditional forestdependent communities from the forests.

- To protect flora, the Act restricted their interface with forests.

- The Scheduled Tribes and other Traditional Forest Dwellers

(Recognition of Rights) Act, 2006 was enacted to reduce

unrest among tribes due to eviction from forest.

- The government announced that all title deeds in respect of

occupations of forest land shall be distributed by the end of

2009 which is yet to be implemented effectively.

The Issue of Land

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The Expert Group on Prevention of Alienation of Tribal Land and

its Restoration Noting

- There have been serious procedure and practice related

anomalies in disposal of cases.

- The scale of pendency (more than 10 years)

Judicial Records, Govt. of India

3.75 lakh tribal land alienation cases by the non- tribals

registered for restoration.

Covering 8.5 lakh acres which is a small fraction of actual area.

Only in 1.62 lakh cases, the claims were decided in favor of tribals

covering an area of 4.47 lakh acres.

1.55 lakh Cases Rejected by Revenue Courts on various grounds

covering an area of 3.63 lakh acres.

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Employment provided

to households:

Persondays [in Lakh]:

Total: 842.47

SCs: 135.15 [16.04%]

STs: 362.14 [42.99%]

Women : 288.52 [34.25%]

Others: 345.18 [40.97%]

Total fund: 1916.29 Crore.

Expenditure: 1379.7 Crore.

Total works taken up: 1,60,813

Works completed: 75,767

Works in progress : 85046

MGNREGA Statistics

Jharkhand

17.02599

Lakhs

Employment

provided tohouseholds:

Persondays [in

Lakh]:

Total: 687.27

SCs: 76.82 [11.18%]STs: 215.85 [31.41%]

Women : 317.29 [46.17%]

Others: 394.6 [57.42%]



Total works taken

up:1,79,987


Works in progress : 1,58,893

MGNREGA Statistics

CHHATTISGARH

Employment

Issue

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Employment


Person days [in

Lakh]:

Total: 1136.91

SCs: 515.06 [45.3%]STs: 24.59 [2.16%]

Women : 341.49 [30.04%]

Others: 597.26 [52.53%]



Total works taken

up:158740

Works completed: 72587

Works in progress : 86153

Employment


Person days [in

Lakh]:

Total: 976.56

SCs: 177.02 [18.13%]STs: 347.19 [35.55%]

Women : 384.81 [39.4%]

Others: 452.35 [46.32%]

Total fund: Rs. 1789.95 Crore.

Expenditure: Rs. 1533.14 Crore.

Total works taken up: 2,20,906


Works in progress : 1,61,628

41.2733Lakhs

MGNREGA Statistics

Orissa

20.04815

Lakhs

MGNREGA Statistics

BIHAR

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Naxalism : Trust Deficit manifested

2007 NREGA Audit in Orissa Over Rs.700 cr. Allocated for

NREGA Schemes didn't reach targeted beneficiaries.

FICCI Task Force Report, 2008

UP Govt. Pays for 403 days of work to workersin a 365 days Year.

Times of India, 28th Nov.2011

Govt. as a whole admits serious lapses in

Development Schemes.

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Salwa Judum campaign: A guide on how to mainstream

peripheral armed conflicts

The real meaning of Salwa Judum, a language of Gondi

Adivasis, is shrouded in controversy.

The supporters of this campaign translate its meaning as peace

campaign.

The Naxalites on their part stated that Salwa means group and

Judum means hunting;

And therefore, they say, Salwa Judum is a group hunting of the

innocent Adivasis supporting the peoples movement, the

movement of the Naxalites.

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Until the launch of Salwa Judum campaign in June 2005, the Naxalite problem

was considered peripheral in Chhattisgarh.

Andhra Pradesh and Bihar were considered the centers of Naxalite conflict.Prior to June 2005, there were very few reports of Naxal violence from

Chhattisgarh.

However, displacement of 43,740 persons as on 31st December 2006/

involvement of the civilians in direct conflict with the Naxalites since June2005/ human rights violations committed by the security forces and the Salwa

Judum cadres in the process of bringing the villages under the Salwa Judum

fold/ and chilling massacre of the civilians participating in the Salwa Judum

campaign by the Naxalites/ virtually ensured that the Naxalite conflict no

longer remained a peripheral one.

The experiences of the Salwa Judum campaign came to mean how to

mainstream peripheral armed conflict for effectively implementing some of

the Donts in armed conflict situations.

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According to the estimates of Asian Centre for Human

Rights, the security forces and the Salwa Judum cadres

have killed 330 persons during 2006.

Of them, 114 persons were killed in Chhattisgarh, 108 in

Andhra Pradesh, 36 in Maharashtra, 27 in Jharkhand, 21 in

Bihar, 17 in Orissa, 4 in West Bengal, 2 in Uttar Pradesh and

1 in Karnataka.

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ACHRs representatives visited the IDP camps again on 1-5 Janaury 2007 and were informed that

there were 43,740 internally displaced persons in 20 relief camps as given below:

List of inmates in Salwa Judum Camps

Sl No. Name oftheDevelopment Block

Name of ReliefCamp No. ofIDPs

1 Bijapur Bijapur 5204

2 Cherpal 746

3 Gangalur 1456

4 Usur Awapalli 196

5 Basagura 870

6 Usur 943

7 Geedam Bangapal 480

8 Kasoli 280

9 Bhairamgarh Bhairamgarh 2979

10 Pharsegarh 390

11 Maatwara 1314

12 Nelsanar (Newly established) 827

13 Jangla 1362

14 Kutroo 1312

15 Mirtur 763

16 Vedare 364

17 Konta Dornapal 13692

18 Erabore 4425

19 Injaram 3116

20 Konta 3021

Total 43740

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Task Force Reports

In July 2006, the Planning Commission set up a 16-member

expert group headed by D. Bandhopadhyay, Chairman of Council for Social Development, to study the causes of Naxalism

and suggest remedial measures.

Mandate - To look into issues like widespread displacement/insecure tenancies/ other forms of exploitation like usury & land

alienation

& suggest measures to improve the abysmally low social and

human development indicators/ appropriate strategy for

ensuring peace and life with dignity/ up gradation of levels ofgovernance/ & strengthen public delivery system/ health &

food security vis-a-vis the existing Central & state legislations/

steps to ensure efficient implementation of Panchayats in

scheduled areas.

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The Ministry of Tribal Affairs in its revised draft

National Tribal Policy released on 21 July 2006 stated -The

Scheduled Tribes, over a period of several years, have begun tofeel a deep sense of exclusion and alienation, which has been

manifesting itself in the form of tribal unrest in various tribal

pockets.

The increasing violence is due to a variety of reasons - social, political and

economic, which combined together have created a sense of severe

dissatisfaction, a feeling of having been neglected and deprived of what is

rightfully theirs.

The factors leading to the spread of the violent movements include theexistence of acute poverty, severe disparities in living standards, lack of

economic and livelihood opportunities and being treated as offenders and

even criminals when they exercise their traditional rights.

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The draft Tribal Policy suggested that The solution lies in

giving rights to the ST communities over natural and

financial resources and addressing the issue of economicdeprivation in a prompt and time bound manner.

It is therefore officially agreed that deprivation,

marginalization etc. are root cause and some minimal work

towards it is happening but ridden with lot of corruption

Various affected States also have offered attractive surrender

policies.

However, unless there is an improvement in the governance

policy, the issue is unlikely to be addressed

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Road Ahead

While Security bolstering might win a battle, winningthe war needs to win the people.

Wining involves serious development on the ground.

Anna Hazares Movement is towards greateraccountability which not the Maoists but the whole ofIndian common man wants.

Either the Govt. does it or the people in variousmodes shall achieve it.

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Thank you