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►► ““NaxalismNaxalism”” takes its name from Naxalbari (WB), takes its name from Naxalbari (WB), which witnessed a sociowhich witnessed a socio--economic uprising in 1967economic uprising in 1967

►► Naxalites Naxalites –– term used to describe adherents to term used to describe adherents to ideology of radical Communist groupsideology of radical Communist groups

►► Believe in capturing power through a violent Believe in capturing power through a violent revolutionrevolution

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Genesis & IdeologyGenesis & Ideology…… contd.contd.

►► Naxals aim at ushering in a socialist economy, Naxals aim at ushering in a socialist economy, classless society, and communist polity classless society, and communist polity

►► To realize this, Naxals believe in complete To realize this, Naxals believe in complete annihilation of class enemiesannihilation of class enemies

►► Chief targets include upper caste landlords, Chief targets include upper caste landlords, police, politicians, government officialspolice, politicians, government officials

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►► PWG & MCC merge to form the Communist Party of PWG & MCC merge to form the Communist Party of India (Maoist) in September 2004India (Maoist) in September 2004

►► CPI (MarxistCPI (Marxist--Leninist) JanashaktiLeninist) Janashakti

►► People's Liberation Guerrilla Army, military wing of People's Liberation Guerrilla Army, military wing of CPI (Maoist)CPI (Maoist)

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►► PanPan--Indian spread, present in 170 districts in 13 Indian spread, present in 170 districts in 13 statesstates

►► Naxal groups are very active in AP, Karnataka, Naxal groups are very active in AP, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Orissa, Chhattisgarh, MP, Maharashtra, Orissa, Chhattisgarh, MP, Jharkhand, Bihar, and WBJharkhand, Bihar, and WB

►► Naxalites Naxalites are a highly trained cadre, especially in are a highly trained cadre, especially in guerrilla warfare guerrilla warfare

How widespread How widespread is the movement?is the movement?

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►► Maoists have set up a continuous corridor Maoists have set up a continuous corridor extending from AP to Nepal where they run a extending from AP to Nepal where they run a parallel govt.parallel govt.

►► The Maoists call this corridor as the Compact The Maoists call this corridor as the Compact Revolutionary Zone (CRZ)Revolutionary Zone (CRZ)

►► Naxals have access to sophisticated weapons, Naxals have access to sophisticated weapons, better communication tools better communication tools

How widespread How widespread is the movement?is the movement?... Contd.... Contd.

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►► Nepal's Maoists Nepal's Maoists –– joint training, ideological brojoint training, ideological bro’’hoodhood

►► LTTE (Sri Lanka) LTTE (Sri Lanka) –– arms trainingarms training

►► ISI (Pakistan) ISI (Pakistan) –– funds and arms supplyfunds and arms supply

►► Bangladeshi Islamic militant organizations Bangladeshi Islamic militant organizations ––funds and arms supplyfunds and arms supply

Maoists have a strong Maoists have a strong relationship with relationship with

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►► As Naxal violence is directly targeted at the As Naxal violence is directly targeted at the State & its arms, it subverts national State & its arms, it subverts national sovereigntysovereignty

►► Thousands of innocent civilians and security Thousands of innocent civilians and security personnel killed by Naxalspersonnel killed by Naxals

►► Infrastructure like railway stations and telecom Infrastructure like railway stations and telecom exchanges worth hundreds of crores destroyedexchanges worth hundreds of crores destroyed

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►► Unrest in NaxalUnrest in Naxal--infested areas has led to flight of infested areas has led to flight of investment & largeinvestment & large--scale migration to urban areasscale migration to urban areas

►► Has deepened divisions between upper classes / Has deepened divisions between upper classes / lower classes, & upper castes / lower casteslower classes, & upper castes / lower castes

►► Direct links with external terror outfits has Direct links with external terror outfits has increased the vulnerability of sensitive places to increased the vulnerability of sensitive places to terror attacksterror attacks

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Three most important Three most important measures includemeasures include

►► Redressing socioRedressing socio--economic grievances of Naxal economic grievances of Naxal sympathizers / supporters / cadresympathizers / supporters / cadre

►► Negotiations with Naxal organizationsNegotiations with Naxal organizations

►► Use of force against Naxal organizationsUse of force against Naxal organizations

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Redressing socioRedressing socio--economic economic grievancesgrievances

►► Remove root cause, the mother of all ills Remove root cause, the mother of all ills -- povertypoverty

►► Land reforms,Land reforms, distribution of surplus land among distribution of surplus land among the landlessthe landless

►►EmpoweringEmpowering the socially disadvantaged / lower the socially disadvantaged / lower classes / backward castes classes / backward castes

►►AbolishAbolish class and caste discrimination class and caste discrimination

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►► Generation of Generation of secured employmentsecured employment esp., esp., targeting the youth in the affected areastargeting the youth in the affected areas

►► Involve people in Involve people in building community assetsbuilding community assetslike roads, check dams, afforestationlike roads, check dams, afforestation

►►Spread of literacySpread of literacy –– a powerful tool in the a powerful tool in the fight against exploitation of gullible masses by fight against exploitation of gullible masses by Naxal organizationsNaxal organizations

Redressing socioRedressing socio--economic economic grievancesgrievances

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Negotiate with the NaxalsNegotiate with the Naxals

►► For any negotiations to take place, Naxals should For any negotiations to take place, Naxals should lay down their arms firstlay down their arms first

►► Adopt carrot and stick approachAdopt carrot and stick approach

►► Warn them that antiWarn them that anti--State violent activities will State violent activities will not be tolerated and that the same will met with not be tolerated and that the same will met with forceforce

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►► Assure them that aAssure them that a grievance redressal grievance redressal mechanismmechanism within the framework of our Constitution within the framework of our Constitution will be set upwill be set up

►► Option of Option of general amnestygeneral amnesty could be consideredcould be considered

►► If Naxals surrender and join the mainstream, then If Naxals surrender and join the mainstream, then

they will be given they will be given economic incentiveseconomic incentives like jobslike jobs

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Use of force against Use of force against Naxal organizationsNaxal organizations

►► A concerted and wellA concerted and well--coordinated effort by coordinated effort by armed forces backed by armed forces backed by strong political willstrong political will is is neededneeded

►► States affected by Naxal violence should evolve States affected by Naxal violence should evolve a a common strategycommon strategy of tackling such violenceof tackling such violence

►► Intelligence sharing & mobilization of Intelligence sharing & mobilization of wellwell--trained forcetrained force armed with sophisticated armed with sophisticated weaponsweapons

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►► Special units of the Indian Army, trained in Special units of the Indian Army, trained in jungle & guerrilla warfare could be brought injungle & guerrilla warfare could be brought in

►► Ensure that people living in Naxal hotEnsure that people living in Naxal hot--beds are beds are not harassed, which could alienate them furthernot harassed, which could alienate them further

►► No effort should be spared to tackle this No effort should be spared to tackle this everever--growing threat to India's internal securitygrowing threat to India's internal security

Use of force against Use of force against Naxal organizationsNaxal organizations

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