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    Corporate-Level Cooperative Strategies

    Corporate-level cooperative strategies used to

    help firm diversify itself in terms of products

    offered or markets served or both

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    Diversifying strategic alliance

    Firms share some of their resources & capabilities

    to diversify into new product or market areas

    Synergistic strategic alliance

    Firms share some of their resources & capabilities

    to create economies of scope

    Diversifies the involved firms into a new businessin a synergistic way

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    Franchising

    Firm uses a franchise as a contractual relationship to

    describe and control the sharing of its resources and

    capabilities with partnersFranchise: contractual agreement between two legally

    independent companies whereby the franchisor grants the

    right to the franchisee to sell the franchisor's product or do

    business under its trademarks in a given location for a

    specified period of time

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    Assessment of corporate-level cooperative strategies

    In comparison with business-level strategies

    Usually broader in scope and more complex Also more

    challenging and costly

    Can be used to develop useful knowledge about how to succeed

    in the future

    Can lead to competitive advantage if they are managed in ways

    that are valuable, rare, imperfectly imitable, and non

    substitutable

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    International cooperative strategy

    Cross-Border Strategic Alliance International cooperative strategy in which firms with headquarters in

    different nations combine some of their resources and capabilities to

    create a competitive advantage

    Can help firms use their resources and capabilities to create value in

    locations outside their home market

    Due to limited domestic growth opportunities, firms look outside their

    national borders to expand business

    Local partners can help firms overcome liabilities of moving into a

    foreign country

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    Network Cooperative Strategy

    Cooperative strategy wherein several firms agree to form multiple

    partnerships to achieve shared objectives

    Very effective when formed by geographically clustered firms (i.e.

    Silicon Valley in N. California)

    Firms gain access to their partners other partners - so multiple

    alliances with multiple partnerships

    Can increase competitive advantage potential as set of shared

    resources and capabilities expands

    Can be problematic - could lock firm in with partners and exclude

    development of alliances with others

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    Network Cooperative Strategy

    Alliance network types: Set of strategic alliance partnerships

    resulting from use of a network cooperative strategy

    Stable alliance network

    Formed in mature industries where demand is relatively

    constant and predictable

    Directed primarily toward developing products at a low

    cost and exploiting economies of scale and scope

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    Cont..

    Dynamic Alliance Networks

    Used in industries characterized by environmental

    uncertainty, frequent product innovations, and short

    product life cycles

    Directed primarily toward continued development of

    products that are uniquely attractive to customers

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    Competitive Risks with Cooperative

    Strategies