salvete ! welcome to latin 1

Salvete!Welcome to Latin 1

Propositum: DWBAT identify the basic goals and structure of their Latin course for the 2013-2014 academic year

Facite Nunc: 1. Take a Course Information and Expectations

handout 2. Take out a pen/pencil and write your name at

the top of your Course Information and Expectations handout

3. Read the text at the top of pg. 1 and in your own words identify the goals of the course

9/9/13

Cogitāte….(Think about…)

• What is your first memory of learning a language?

• What was one moment in your learning of that language that was embarrassing?

• What was one moment in your learning of that language that was exciting?

Categories of Assessments

• Homework and Preparation (10%)• Quizzes (40%)– Declamatiō (10%) (*incorporated into your

Quizzes grade- Quizzes become 30%, Dec. 10% for that term)

• Translatiō (20%)• Midterm Exam (10%)• Internal Assessment (20%)

Homework Assignments #1 & 2

• Due tomorrow (9/10/13)- Discipulus/a Contact Information sheet completed and signed by a parent/guardian

• Due Wednesday (9/11/13)- All materials listed in Materials section of Course Information and Expectations handout

Salvete, Latin 1!

Remain standing as you enter the room. You will be assigned seats alphabetically in a moment.

Propositum: DWBAT define terminology used to describe the Latin language

Facite Nunc: 1. Take out your Discipulus/a Contact Information sheet for

collection2. Turn to the person sitting next to you and introduce yourself. 3. Exchange e-mail addresses/phone numbers. 4. Take out a piece of looseleaf and a pen/pencil

PENSUM #2: Bring in all materials listed under the Materials section of your Course Information and Expectations handout

9/10/13

Materials

• Latin binder- bring this to class everyday and take it out when you enter– Dividers– 50 sheets of looseleaf paper

• 3 blue/black and 3 red pens and one highlighter

• Homework notebook/planner

Heading

Name Date(Section Name) Latin 1, R__

Ex. Magistra Snyder 9/10/13Class Notes Latin 1, R1

Latin Binder Sections• Class Notes

– Daily notes for this class– Lecture notes– Worksheets and handouts

• Homework– Written HW assignments– Worksheets and handouts given for HW

• Assessments– Graded quizzes and exams

• Reference Information– Grammatical Information sheets

• Vocabulary– Running vocabulary lists in chronological order

Cogitāte…(Think about…)

• “Latin I is a yearlong course designed to teach students (discipuli) the fundamentals of Latin grammar, vocabulary and syntax while introducing them to the various facets of ancient Roman history and civilization with a view to preparing them to succeed in the IB Programme in their third and fourth years at TBLS and beyond.”

• Grammar• Vocabulary• Syntax

“Students love candy”

• Grammar:

• Syntax:

• Vocabulary

•Students = subject•love = verb•candy = direct object

•subject + verb + direct object (S V DO)

•student = person who studies at school•love = to care deeply for/about•candy = sugary food made with fruit or chocolate

Propositum: DWBAT use terminology to describe language; begin to define parts of speech in English

Facite Nunc: 1. Take out your Materials for inspection2. Turn to your notes from yesterday and share

out with your table the words you associated with the terms grammar, syntax, and vocabulary

PENSUM #3: Bring your binder to class

9/11/13

Propositum: DWBAT use terminology to describe language; begin to define parts of speech in English

Facite Nunc: 1. Take out your Materials for inspection2. Write out the following sentence and discuss

with your table the GRAMMAR, SYNTAX, AND VOCABULARY within it:

1. “The dog bites the man”

PENSUM #3: Bring your binder to class

9/11/13

Latin 1 Terminology

• Grammar- the function of words in any given clause or sentence

• Syntax- the word order and structure of a given clause or sentence

• Vocabulary- body of words used in a particular language

“The dog bites the man”

• Grammar:

• Syntax:

• Vocabulary

•the dog= subject•bites= verb•man= direct object


•dog= mammal belonging to the canine species, known for barking•bites= to use teeth to chew on something•man= human of masculine gender

Identifying Parts of Speech in English handout

• Take a handout and write your name and date at the top

• Put it into the Class Notes section of your binder

• Fill in the first 3 blanks on the page (above Nouns)

Propositum: DWBAT define and identify parts of speech in English

Facite Nunc: 1. Take out your binder2. Open up to your Class Notes section and turn to your

Identifying Parts of Speech in English handout3. Write out the following sentence and discuss with your table

the GRAMMAR, SYNTAX, AND VOCABULARY within it:1. “She likes pie”

PENSUM #4: Review your Class Notes from 9/11 and 9/12. Short open notes quiz on parts of speech (nouns, verbs, prep. phrases)

9/12/13

“She likes pie”

• Grammar:

• Syntax:

• Vocabulary

•she= subject•likes= verb•pie= direct object


•she= pronoun standing in for a person of the feminine gender•likes= to find enjoyable•pie= baked fruit dish made with pastry

NOUN

• A word that is either a living thing, place, object, or concept.

• Living thing: teacher, student, starfish• Place: school, earth, New York• Object: chair, pencil, hand• Concept: hope, learning, work, love

Where is the noun?

• Suddenly, the girl burst out laughing in her chair.

• Never before did something across the room seem so funny.

• Humor, she thought in her mind, was a funny thing.

The Subject of a Sentence

• The subject of a sentence is always a ______.

• The subject is the “do-er” or “be-er” of the main verb of the sentence. It completes the action or condition of the verb.

noun

Which is the subject?




VERB

• A word that represents an action, condition, or occurrence.

• Action: play, run, smile• Condition: is, has, seem• Occurrence: becomes, happens

Where is the verb?




action

condition

action condition

PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE

• A 2-3 word phrase (preposition + noun) that describes physical location or movement.

• Prepositions• Physical location prepositions: in, on, at, under, by• Movement prepositions: through, from, across,

toward, away

Where’s the prepositional phrase?



• Humor, she thought in her mind, was a funny thing

PRACTICE

• With your table members, complete the practice sentences #1-3 by annotating the parts of speech in these sentences

Propositum: DWBAT define and identify parts of speech in English

Facite Nunc: 1. Take out your binder2. Take out a sheet of looseleaf and put your

heading on it. For the section, write ASSESSMENTS

PENSUM #5: Review your Class Notes from 9/13. Short open notes quiz on parts of speech (adjectives, adverbs and conjunctions)

9/13/13

Quiz 1: Nouns, verbs and prepositional phrases

DIRECTIONS: Annotate the sentence below for nouns (circle), verbs (underline), and prepositional phrases (parentheses)

Dolphins swim across the ocean and jump above the waves.

ADJECTIVE

• A descriptive word that modifies or refers to a __noun .– Descriptive: nice, intelligent, humorous– Possessive: my, our, your, his– Demonstrative: that, this– Interrogative: which? what?

ADVERB

• A word that modifies or refers to a verb, adjective, or another adverb.– Examples• Verb: “she ran to school ________”• Adjective: “the _______ spoken words haunted him”• Adverb: “__________, today the store is closed”

quickly

harshly

Unfortunately

CONJUNCTION

• A word that links together individual words, phrases or clauses to express a relationship between them.– Examples

– Words: “cats ________ dogs, chicken _____ fish”– Clauses: “_________ she learned to drive, Sarah felt more

independent”

and orBecause

PRACTICE

1. Return to sentences #1-3 and 1. connect adjectives to nouns with an arrow2. put a squiggly line under adverbs3. put a triangle around conjunctions

2. Find and list all different the parts of speech which were included in sentence #1-3 in the boxes below

3. List at the bottom of the page any words from #1-3 that did NOT fall into ANY of the parts of speech categories

Circle the nouns, box the subject, underline the verb, and parenthesize the (prepositional phrase).

1. In my mind, nothing is more beautiful than stars that hang above mountaintops.

2. Under the sea buried treasure and sunken ships lie in a watery grave.

3. Hope springs eternally, but the blossom of love inevitably fades.

Quiz 2:Adjectives, adverbs, and conjunctions

DIRECTIONS: Annotate the sentence below for adjectives (arrow), adverbs (squiggly line), and conjunctions (triangle)

I walked through a green field and sat quietly beneath a tree.

Propositum: DWBAT annotate a Latin passage

Facite Nunc: 1. Take out your binder2. Take out a sheet of looseleaf and put your

heading on it. For the section, write ASSESSMENTS

PENSUM #6: Complete your annotation and translation of the ‘Sicilia’ passage (from your Class Notes for today)

9/16/13

Quiz 2:Adjectives, adverbs, and conjunctions

DIRECTIONS: Annotate the sentence below for adjectives (arrow), adverbs (squiggly line), and conjunctions (triangle)

The beautiful girl spoke slowly and quickly handed me the blue book.

How does a TEXT convey meaning?

• Brainstorm different ways that the writing (or written text) can convey meaning

• Write down notes for your group on a piece of looseleaf in your Class Notes section

Steps for Approaching a Latin Text

1. Vocabulary/Derivatives2. Context3. Annotation4. Translation5. Comprehension

Vocabulary and Context

• Are there any words in this passage that you can figure out the meaning of by thinking of derivatives?

• What kinds of vocabulary words are being used in the text?

• What does the top sentence/paragraph BEFORE the text tell me about context?

Annotate the passage ‘Sicilia’

• EVERY word should have an annotation symbol– Nouns = – Verbs = – Adjectives =– Adverbs = – Prepositional phrases = – Conjunctions =

Propositum: DWBAT translate a Latin passage and reorder Latin sentences into proper English syntax

Facite Nunc: 1. Open up to the looseleaf in Class Notes2. Take out your homework3. Take out a red pen4. Discuss with your table members:

1. Were there any sentences that were difficult to translate/put into proper English word order? If so, which ones?

PENSUM #7: Make a chart (on looseleaf) to list the way noun endings relate to noun function (#3 from your ‘Sicilia’ handout)

9/17/13

‘Sicilia’ lines 1-31. Sicilia est magna īnsula in Eurōpā.

magna est fāma Siliciae*, sed fortūna Siciliae nōn bona est.

2. in Siciliā vīta est dūra.

terra et aqua sunt bonae, sed familiae sunt magnae.

3. magnae silvae in Siciliā nōn sunt.

viae parvae et nōn bonae sunt.

‘Sicilia’ lines 1-31. Sicilia est magna īnsula in Eurōpā.

magna est fāma Siliciae*, sed fortūna Siciliae nōn bona est.

2. in Siciliā vīta est dūra.

terra et aqua sunt bonae, sed familiae sunt magnae.

3. magnae silvae in Siciliā nōn sunt.

viae parvae et nōn bonae sunt.

Sicily is a large island in Europe.

The fame of Sicily is great, but the fortune of Sicily is not good.

In Sicily life is hard.

Land and water are good (plentiful), but families are large.

The forests in Sicily are not big.

The roads are small and not good.

Words in ( ) in your translation are inferences. These make the meaning of the text easier to understand.

Review the translation of lines 4-6 with your table members

• Note where you need to change the syntax of the sentence in order when going from Latin to English

• Note where you need to add a word

‘Sicilia’ lines 4-64. vīta est dūra in Siciliā, et fortūna nōn bona est.

in Siciliā sunt parvae et magnae puellae.

5. magnae puellae aquam portant.

familiae puellās bonās amant.

6. familiae Siciliam et fāmam Siciliae amant, sed fortūnam dūram nōn amant.

Life is hard in Sicily, and fortune is not good.

In Sicily (there) are small and large girls.

Large girls carry water.

Families love good girls.

Families love Sicily and the fame of Sicily, but (do) not love hard (bad) fortune.

words in yellow = word order changes/word

is added

1. The word ‘Sicilia’ appears in this text with 4 DIFFERENT endings. What are they?– _______________– _______________– _______________– _______________

Sicilia

Siciliae

Siciliā

Siciliam

2. What function does the word in bold have in each of these sentences?

– Sicilia est magna īnsula (line 1): __________________________

– In Siciliā vīta est dūra (line 2): ___________________________

– Familiae Siciliam….amant (line 6): ________________________

– Magna est fāma Siciliae (line 1): __________________________

– Familiae pullās bonās amant (line 5): ______________________

Sicilia is the subject

Sicilia is in a prepositional phrase

Sicilia is the direct object

Sicilia shows possession with the noun fāma

Familiae is the plural subject

Pensum #7Latin Word Ending Function of Latin word

Propositum: DWBAT identify nouns in the 1st and 2nd declensions

Facite Nunc: 1. Take out your homework for inspection2. Take a “Nouns and the Case System- Declensions”

handout3. Cover up the vocabulary on the right margin and see

how many Latin words you can come up with derivatives for

PENSUM #8: Complete side 2 of your Class Notes handout for today

9/18/13

Nouns and the Case System- Declensions

• So far we’ve learned about nouns that have ‘a’ endings, like Sicilia, fāma, fortūna. These nouns are grouped into a family called a ______________ because all of their endings involve the letter ‘a’. They belong to the _______ declension.

declension

1st

‘The Rise of Juppiter’ story

1. Are there any words you can guess the meanings of? Come up with derivatives for?

2. What is the context for this passage?3. Annotate the passage4. Translate the passage on looseleaf

Notāte! The words that begin with capital letters are proper nouns, or names. You do not need to translate them yet.

Propositum: DWBAT translate Latin sentences involving 1st and 2nd declension nouns in the nominative and accusative cases

Facite Nunc: 1. Take out your “Nouns and the Case System-

Declensions” handout2. Take out a red pen3. Review with your table members:

1. What is a declension?2. What declension do nouns that have ‘a’ endings belong to?

PENSUM #9: Study for a short translation quiz tomorrow (see handout from 9/18-19)

9/19/13

-a -ae -us -ī

-am -ās -um -ōs

subject

direct object

The Rise of Jupiter lines 1-3 Terra XII Tītānōs creat.

ultimus filius est Sāturnus.

Sāturnus Ūranum vincit.

Ūranus et Terra orāculum dīcunt:

‘tuus fīlius tē vincet.’

Sāturnus rēgnum amat et fīliōs dēvorat.

Terra produces 12 Titanos (Titans).

The last child is Saturnus.

Saturnus conquers Uranus.

Uranus and Terra say (give) a prophecy:

‘Your son will conquer you.’

Saturnus loves (his) kingdom and swallows (his) children.

‘The Rise of Jupiter’ lines 4-6

Terra audit et pro (in place of) fīliō saxum parat.

Sāturnus saxum nōn videt et dēvorat.

Terra fīlium capit et eum ad Crētam dūcit.

fīlius est Iuppiter.

Terra hears (this) and prepares a stone in place of (her) son.

Saturnus (does) not see the stone and swallows (it).

Terra seizes (her) son and leads him to Crete.

The son is Jupiter.

1st and 2nd declension nouns• In your notes list ALL of the 1st and 2nd declension nouns in this

passage and determine whether they are subjects (nominative) or direct objects (accusative)

1st declension (2) 2nd declension (11)

TerraCrētam

Tītānōsfilius/-um/-ōsSāturnusŪranum/-usorāculumrēgnumsaxumeum

Exerceāmus! (side 2)

• Annotate sentences 1-4 by:– Circling subjects– boxing direct objects– underlining verbs

PREVIEW: Do you notice a difference in the way the verb in #4 ends as compared with the verbs in #1, 2, and 3?

Propositum: DWBAT translate Latin sentences involving 1st and 2nd declension nouns in the nominative and accusative cases

Facite Nunc: 1. Take a “Clash of the Titans” handout and snap it

into the Class Notes section of your binder2. Take out a black/blue pen3. Wait to receive a quiz paper

PENSUM #10: Complete your translation of “Clash of the Titans”

9/20/13

Quiz 3: Nominative and Accusative Nouns

1. fīlius deam petit.____________________________________

2. deus saxum dēvorat.____________________________________

3. rēgnum Sāturnus amat.____________________________________

The son/child looks for the goddess.

The god swallows the stone/rock.

Saturn loves (his) kingdom.

‘Clash of the Titans’ translation

1. Based on the way our last passage (Rise of Jupiter) ended, what do you think will happen in this one?

2. Look to the NOUNS section of your vocabulary and put a ‘1’ next to the 1st declension nouns and a ‘2’ next to the first declension nouns

Propositum: DWBAT identify the gender of a noun and distinguish between nouns that have similar endings based on gender

Facite Nunc: 1. Take a ‘Noun Gender’ handout and put it in the Class

Notes section of your binder2. Take out your ‘Clash of the Titans’ handout and

translation 3. Take out a red pen

PENSUM #11: Complete your ‘Noun Gender’ worksheet in full. Study for a quiz on neuter nouns on Wednesday

9/23/13

‘Clash of the Titans’1. in Olympō Iuppiter, adultus, deōs et deās

2. convocat: “cum Tītānīs pugnāmus**. ab Sāturnō

3. rēgnum capiemus**. deōs et deās dūcō*, et Tītānōs

4. vincemus**.”

5. Sāturnus rēgnum nōn cēdit. deī Olympiī

6. bellum parant. Iuppiter vastōs fīliōs Terrae

7. habet. Olympiī Tītānōs vincunt. Iuppiter et

8. Neptūnus et Plūto rēgna sua cupiunt. III germanī

9. terrās regunt: Iuppiter caelum capit, Neptūnus

10. aquam capit, et Plūto rēgnum sub terrā capit.

Translate on the lines below the Latin text

Propositum: DWBAT identify the gender of a noun and distinguish between nouns that have similar endings based on gender

Facite Nunc: 1. Take a ‘Noun Gender’ handout and put it in the Class

Notes section of your binder2. Take out your ‘Clash of the Titans’ handout and

translation 3. Take out a red pen

PENSUM #11: Complete your ‘Noun Gender’ worksheet in full. Study for a quiz on neuter nouns on Wednesday

9/23/13

1. in Olympō Iuppiter, adultus, deōs et deās convocat:

2. “cum Tītānīs pugnāmus**.

3. ab Sāturnō rēgnum capiemus**.

4. deōs et deās dūcō*, et Tītānōs vincemus**.”

‘Clash of the Titans’

On Olympus Jupiter, grown-up, calls together the gods and goddesses:

“We fight with the Titans.

We will take the kingdom from Saturnus.

I lead the gods and goddesses, and we will conquer the Titans.”

5. Sāturnus rēgnum nōn cēdit.

6. deī Olympiī bellum parant.

7. Iuppiter vastōs fīliōs Terrae habet.

8. Olympiī Tītānōs vincunt.

9. Iuppiter et Neptūnus et Plūto rēgna sua cupiunt.

10. III germanī terrās regunt:

11. Iuppiter caelum capit, Neptūnus aquam capit, et

Plūto rēgnum sub terrā capit.

‘Clash of the Titans’

Saturnus does not yield the kingdom

The Olympian gods prepare a war.

Jupiter has (on his side) the huge children of Terra.

The Olympians conquer the Titans.

Jupiter and Neptune and Pluto want their own kingdoms.

The 3 sibilings rule the lands (territories, regions):

Jupiter takes the sky, Neptune takes the water (sea), and

Pluto takes the kingdom beneath the land.

Noun Gender

• The gender of a noun is listed next to its dictionary entry with the letters f. (feminine), m. (masculine) or n. (neuter)

• The gender of a noun must be memorized

2nd declension neuter endings

2 Rules for Neuter Gender Nouns1. 2.

-um-um

-a-a

The nominative sing. ending and acc. sing. for a neuter noun are the SAMEThe nominative plural ending and acc. pl. for a neuter noun are the SAME

‘Noun Gender’ side 2

• Work through the backside of your ‘Noun Gender’ worksheet – Determine the case (nominative or accusative) of

each word in each sentence

Propositum: DWBAT annotate and translate sentences involving nouns of all genders in the 1st and 2nd declension

Facite Nunc: 1. Take out your ‘Noun Gender’ handout for inspection

1. Review your HW with your table members2. Take a ‘Nominative and Accusative’ handout and cross out

‘Homework’ at the top and write in ‘Class Notes’3. Take a ‘The Olympians’ handout and snap it into the homework

section of your binder

PENSUM #12: Complete your ‘The Olympians’ translation. Study for a quiz on neuter nouns tomorrow

9/24/13

What case is caelum? How do you know?

• deus caelum regit •caelum is neuter. •-um tells us it can be either nom. or acc.•Since deus can ONLY be nom., therefore caelum is acc.

The god rules the sky.

What case is oraculum? How do you know?

• oraculum Saturnum terret

•oraculum is neuter. •-um tells us it can be either nom. or acc.•Since Saturnum is acc., then oraculum must be nom.

The prophecy scares Saturnus.

Propositum: DWBAT annotate and translate sentences involving nouns of all genders in the 1st and 2nd declension

Facite Nunc: 1. Take out your ‘Noun Gender’ handout for inspection

1. Review your HW with your table members2. Take a ‘Nominative and Accusative’ handout and cross out

‘Homework’ at the top and write in ‘Class Notes’3. Take a ‘The Olympians’ handout and snap it into the homework

section of your binder

PENSUM #12: Complete your ‘The Olympians’ translation. Study for a quiz on neuter nouns tomorrow

9/24/13

What case is caela? How do you know?

• dea caela amat

•caela is neuter•-a tells us it can be either nom. or acc. plural•Since dea is nom., then caela must be acc.

The goddess loves the skies/heavens.

Nominative and Accusative Practice

• Complete all 3 sections of this handout– For section 3 determine what case the noun

should be in based on word order before you translate.

– Use your past vocabulary notes for help

• Raise your hand for a check of your work when you are done

Propositum: DWBAT form verbs in all persons and numbers in the present tense

Facite Nunc: 1. Take out a black/blue pen for your quiz2. Take 2 handouts (Present Tense Verbs and Exerceamus!)

handout from the table3. When your quiz is over, take out your ‘The Olympians’

translation for correction

PENSUM #13: Complete your ‘Exerceamus!’ handout

9/25/13

‘The Olympians’

• Iuppiter III germānās et II germānōs habet.– Jupiter has 3 sisters and 2 brothers.

• germānus Neptūnus aquās rēgit et terrās movet et equum facit. – Brother Neptune rules the waters (seas) and moves the lands

and rides a horse.• Plūto Orcum habet.

– Pluto has the Underworld.• Orcus est rēgnum quō mortuī veniunt.

– The Underworld is a kingdom where the dead come (to).• prō poenā* Tītānī habitant in Tartarō in Orcō.

– As punishment, the Titans live in Tartarus in the Underworld.

• Iuno, germāna, est rēgīna deōrum. – Juno, (his) sister, is the queen of the gods.

• dea mātrimōnium servat. – The goddess protects marriage.

• Cerēs agrōs servat et virīs et fēminīs** frūmentum dat. – Ceres protects fields and gives grain to men and women.

• Vesta focum servat et in flammīs habitat.– Vesta protects the hearth and lives in flames.

‘The Olympians’

Verb Endings

• If verbs end in –ō their subject is– I (ex. dūcō = I lead)

• If verbs end in –mus their subject is– we (ex. pugnāmus = we fight)

Present Tense Verbs

• Unlike most English verbs, all Latin verbs change their endings depending on who their subject is. In English we can say “I walk” or “they walk” and keep the verb “walk” the same, but in Latin, the ending for the verb ambulāre (to walk) changes depending on whether it’s “I” walking (ambulō) or “they” walking (ambulant).

• Whenever you encounter a Latin verb, it will have at least 2 principal parts. ambulō, ambulāre = walk

• 1st PRINCIPAL PART: 1st person singular (“I”) present tense form (Ex. ambulō = I walk)

• 2nd PRINCIPAL PART: present active infinitive, translated “to ______” (Ex. ambulāre = to walk)

TO FORM A PRESENT TENSE VERB, use the following procedure:

• REMOVE THE -_________ FROM THE 2ND PRINCIPAL PART TO GET THE PRESENT STEM– Ex. ambulāre - -re = ambulā-– Present Stem = ambulā-

• ADD PRESENT ACTIVE ENDINGS TO THE PRESENT STEM, according to the subject of the verb.

Exerceāmus!

• Fill in the missing forms on your ‘Exerceāmus!’ worksheet

• Follow the rules on your ‘Present Tense Verbs’ handout

• If there is a * or ** that means that there is an exception rule to that form

Propositum: DWBAT identify the conjugation number of a verb and conjugate verbs in the present tense

Facite Nunc: 1. Take 2 handouts:

1. PRESENT TENSE VERBS: Present Stem and Conjugation Number2. Present Tense Verbs Practice

2. Take out your ‘Exerceāmus!’ homework handout

3. Answer the following questions with your table members:1. How are English verbs different than Latin verbs?2. How is the 1st principal part of a verb translated?3. How is the 2nd principal part of a verb translated?

PENSUM #14: Complete your ‘Present Tense Verbs Practice’ handout. Present Tense quiz on Monday.

9/26/13

Principal Parts of a Verb

1st PRINCIPAL PART: 1st person singular (“I”) present tense form (Ex. ambulō = I walk)

2nd PRINCIPAL PART: present active infinitive, translated “to ______” (Ex. ambulāre = to walk)

ambulō, ambulāre : to walk

How do we determine the conjugation number of a verb?

• Look to the vowel before the –re in the 2nd principal part – If the vowel is ‘ā’ as in ‘amāre’, its 1st conjugation– If the vowel is ‘ē’ as in ‘habēre’, its 2nd conjugation– If the vowel is ‘e’ as in ‘dūcere’ its 3rd regular conjugation– If the vowel is ‘e’ as in ‘capere’ AND the 1st principal part

ends in –iō (capiō) its 3rd –iō conjugation– If the vowel is ‘ī’ as in ‘audīre’, its 4th conjugation

Exerceāmus! Identify the conjugation number and Present Stem of the following verbs.

3rd -io face-

3rd regular rege- 4th venī-

1st habitā-

2nd vidē-

Conjugate amō, amāre in the present tense, active voice

• amō, amāre– I love, to love• What conjugation number is it? _____

PRESENT

amō

amās

amat

amāmus

amātis

amant

translation

I love

you love

he/she loves

we love

you all love

they love

1st

Conjugate habeō, habēre in the present tense, active voice

• habeō, habēre– I have, to have• What conjugation number is it? _____

PRESENT

habeō

habēs

habet

habēmus

habētis

habent

translation

I have

you have

he/she has

we have

you all have

they have

2nd

Conjugate dūcō, dūcere in the present tense, active voice

• dūcō, dūcere– I lead, to lead• What conjugation number is it? _____

PRESENT

dūcō

dūcis

dūcit

dūcimus

dūcitis

dūcunt

translation

I lead

you lead

he/she leads

we lead

you all lead

they lead

3rd reg

Follow Rules i, ii, and iii and iv

Conjugate capiō, capere in the present tense, active voice

• capiō, capere– I take, to take• What conjugation number is it? _____

PRESENT

capiō

capis

capit

capimus

capitis

capiunt

translation

I take

you take

he/she takes

we take

you all take

they take

3rd -io

Follow Rules ii and iii

Conjugate audiō, audīre in the present tense, active voice

• audiō, audīre– I listen, to listen• What conjugation number is it? _____

PRESENT

audiō

audīs

audit

audīmus

audītis

audiunt

translation

I hear

you hear

he/she hears

we hear

you all hear

they hear

4th

Follow Rules ii and iii

Present Tense Verbs Practice

• Work independently on your ‘Present Tense Verbs Practice’ handout

• Use your 2 PRESENT TENSE VERBS handouts (in your Reference Information section) for help


I. Circle the correct form of the verb according to the subject of the sentence.

1. Vesta (habitō/habitās/habitat) in the hearth of the home.2. Terra and Uranus (prōdūcunt/ prōdūcit/ prōdūcimus) many

children.3. We (amō/ amātis/ amāmus) Ceres because she gives us grain. 4. You (venis/ venit/ veniō) to Orcus, the Underworld, at the end of

your life.5. You all (capimus/ capiunt / capitis) the day by living your lives to

the fullest.

1. amō, amās, amat

2. habēs, habēmus, habent

3. prōdūcimus, prōdūcitis, prōdūcunt

4. venīs, venīmus, veniunt

5. capis, capitis, capimus

I love, you love, he/she/it loves

you have, we have, they have

we produce, you all produce, they produce

you arrive, we arrive, they arrive

you take, you all take, we take


1. I take = _________________________2. we have = _________________________3. you love = _________________________4. they lead = _________________________5. he hears = _________________________

capiōhabēmus

amāsdūcunt

audit


Present Active EndingsPerson and Number Present Ending Translation

1st person singular I _____, I am _____ing2nd person singular you ______, you are

_____ ing3rd person singular he/she/it ________s, is

_______ing1st person plural we ________, we are

______ing2nd person plural you all ________, are

_______ing3rd person plural they ________, are

______ing

-ō

-s

-t

-mus-tis

-(u)nt

Propositum: DWBAT identify the conjugation number of a verb and conjugate verbs in the present tense

Facite Nunc: 1. Take the handout labeled “Present Tense Verbs: Conjugation

Practice”

2. Keep your “Present Tense Verbs” Reference Info handout out/close by

3. Answer the following questions with your table members:1. How do we determine the conjugation number of a verb?2. How do we find the Present Stem of a verb?3. For what conjugation does the Present Stem change when conjugating?

PENSUM #15: Study for a Present Tense quiz on Monday.

9/27/13

PRESENT TENSE VERBS: CONJUGATION PRACTICE

ambulō, ambulāre: I walk, to walkConjugation number: _____Present Stem: ______

1stambulā-

ambulōambulāsambulat

ambulāmusambulātis

ambulant

I walkyou walk

he/she/it walks

we walkyou all walk

they walk


faciō, facere: I make, to makeConjugation number: _____Present Stem: ______

3rd -ioface- faci-

faciōfacisfacit

facimusfacitis

faciunt

I makeyou make

he/she/it makes

we makeyou all make

they make


audiō, audīre: I hear, to hearConjugation number: _____Present Stem: ______

4th audī-

audiōaudīsaudit

audīmusaudītis

audiunt

I hearyou hear

he/she/it hears

we hearyou all hear

they hear


regō, regere: I rule, to ruleConjugation number: _____Present Stem: ______

3rd rege- regi-

regōregisregit

regimusregitis

regunt

I ruleyou rule

he/she/it rules

we ruleyou all rule

they rule


habeō, habēre: I have, to haveConjugation number: _____Present Stem: ______

2nd habē-

habeōhabēshabet

habēmushabētis

habent

I haveyou have

he/she/it has

we haveyou all have

they have

Propositum: DWBAT translate subjects, direct objects, and present tense verbs in context

Facite Nunc: 1. Take out a black/blue pen for your quiz2. Take a “Case of the Stolen Maiden” handout

and snap it into your Homework section 3. After the quiz, take out your “Present Tense

Verbs: Conjugation Practice” worksheet from Friday

PENSUM #16: Translate lines 1-4 of “The Case of the Stolen Maiden” passage

9/30/13


habitō, habitāre: I live, to liveConjugation number: _____Present Stem: ______

1st habitā-

habitōhabitāshabitat

habitāmushabitātis

habitant

I liveyou live

he/she/it lives

we liveyou all live

they live

SCORING: •2 points per box – 1 for subject/ending, 1 for stem/verb definition•1 point for Conjugation number and Present Stem


capiō, capere: I take, to takeConjugation number: _____Present Stem: ______

3rd -iocapi- OR cape- capi-

capiōcapiscapit

capimuscapitis

capiunt

I takeyou take

he/she/it takes

we takeyou all take

they take

SCORING: •2 points per box – 1 for subject/ending, 1 for stem/verb definition•1 point for Conjugation number and Present Stem

Exerceāmus!Annotate and translate the following sentences into Latin. Refer to past notes for vocabulary assistance.

1. The god Jupiter rules the sky.

deus Iuppiter regit.caelum

Directions: Complete 2-5 with your table members. Refer to past notes for vocabulary help.

Exerceāmus!Annotate and translate the following sentences into Latin. Refer to past notes for vocabulary assistance.

2. The brother and sister live on an island. (island = insulā, -ae f.)

3. You arrive in the Underworld.

4. We see the land and fields.

5. They love to listen to the ocean.*

*Use the word for “water’

germanus et germana habitant.in insulā

venis.in Orcō

vidēmus.terram et agrōs

amant.audīreaquam

“The Case of the Stolen Maiden”lines 1-4

1. Vocabulary1. Who are the major characters in this passage? What is the

setting? Do you see a theme in the type of words being used?2. Annotation

1. Subject =2. Direct object = 3. Verb = 4. Conjunction =5. Adverb = 6. Adjective = 7. Prepositional phrase =

3. Translation

Propositum: DWBAT translate subjects, direct objects, and present tense verbs in context

Facite Nunc: 1. Take out your “Case of the Stolen Maiden” handout and a

red pen2. Annotate the following words using TWO annotation

symbols:1. amō

2. venis

3. amant

PENSUM #17: Re-write neatly and place your completed ‘Case of the Stolen Maiden’ translation into the HW section of your binder

10/1/13

“The Case of the Stolen Maiden’

Line 1: in agrō Prōserpina, filia Cereris, florēs carpit:

Lines 2-3: “amō filiam, Prōserpinam! Prōserpina est filia optima!”, fēmina dīcit.

Lines 3-4: puella matrem quoque amat. sed Prōserpina est sola in agrō et Plūto mātrimōnium cum pulchrā puellā cupit.

‘The Case of the Stolen Maiden’

Line 1: in agrō Prōserpina, filia Cereris, florēs carpit:

Lines 2-3 “amō filiam, Prōserpinam! Prōserpina est filia optima!”, fēmina dīcit.

Lines 3-4: puella matrem quoque amat. sed Prōserpina est sola in agrō et Plūto mātrimōnium cum pulchrā puellā cupit.

In a field Persephone, the daughter of Ceres, picks flowers:

“I love (my) daughter, Persephone! Persephone is the best daughter!”, the woman says.

The woman loves (her) mother also. But Persephone is alone in the field and Pluto wants marriage with (wants to marry) a beautiful girl.

Annotate and translate lines 5-9

• Work independently • Annotate each line before you translate

‘The Case of the Stolen Maiden’Line 5: Plūto Orcum regit. Plūto ex Orcō venit.

Lines 5-6: ubi Prōserpina deum videt, monstrum videt.

Line 6: deus puellam capit.

Line 7: Cerēs filiam petit sed nōn invenit.

Line 7: dea et filia lācrimant.

Line 8: in Orcō, Plūto rēgnum puellae dat.

Lines 8-9: deus Orcī Prōserpinam rēginam facit.

Pluto rules the underworld. Pluto arrives/comes from the underworld.

When Persephone sees the god, )she) sees a monster.

The god takes (kidnaps) the girl.

Ceres looks for (searches for) (her) daughter but does not find (her.)

The goddess and (her) daughter cry.

In the underworld, Pluto gives (his) kingdom to the girl.

The god of the underworld makes Persephone (his) queen.

Plutō Proserpinam capit et puellam in Orcum dūcit.

Propositum: DWBAT identify nouns in the ablative case in prepositional phrases

Facite Nunc: 1. Take out your homework for inspection2. Take 2 handouts from the front of the room

and place them into the appropriate sections of your binder

1. Vocabulary List2. The Ablative Case

PENSUM #18: Begin to study your Vocabulary List for your Midterm Exam next Wednesday 10/9

10/2/13

Vocabulary List: Term 1 Midterm

• Fill in the declension number of all of the nouns you see listed in the righthand column

• Fill in the conjugation number of all of the verbs you see listed in the righthand column

The Ablative Case

• The ablative case has many uses in Latin sentences

• The one we’ve seen is within a prepositional phrase– Ex. in the field, on the desk, by the door, through

the street, across the ocean

The Ablative Case

• cum puellā pulchrā = __________________________• ex agrō = ___________________________________• in rēgnō = ___________________________________• • What ENDINGS do you see on each of these nouns?

• 1st declension fem. sing. = ___________• 2nd declension masc. sing.= ____________• 2nd declension neuter sing.= ____________

with a beautiful girlout of the field

in the kingdom

-ā-ō

-ō

The Ablative Case

• In the plural these phrases become…• cum puellīs pulchrīs =

___________________________________• ex agrīs =

___________________________________• in rēgnīs =

___________________________________– The plural ending for ALL GENDERS (fem., masc.,

neut.) is = ____________

with the beautiful girls

out of the fields

in the kingdoms

-īs

Propositum: DWBAT identify and translate prepositional phrases in contextFacite Nunc: 1. Take a ‘Seasons of Love’ handout from the front of the room

and snap it into the Class Notes section of your binder2. Keep out your ‘Term 1 Vocabulary List: Midterm’

3. Answer the following questions with your table members:1. What case are nouns in when they are in prepositional phrases?2. What are the singular endings for the 1st and 2nd declension in this

case?3. What is the plural ending for the 1st AND 2nd declension in this

case?

PENSUM #19: Complete your ‘Seasons of Love’ translation

10/3/13

Ablative

1st sg. = -ā 2nd sg. = -ō

1st and 2nd pl. = -īs

Prepositions

Come up with as many derivatives for these prepositions as you can think of

‘Seasons of Love’1. sine filiā, Cerēs lacrimat et nōn frumenta crescere2. sinit. Helios, deus solis, deam narrat ubi Proserpina est. 3. Cerēs irata est sine filiā, virī et fēminae iratī sine4. frumentīs sunt. Iuppiter, rēx deōrum, Plutonem reddere5. puellam iubet.6. in rēgnō sub terrā, Pluto imperium Iovis audit. sed7. prius granatum Prosepinae dat. Proserpina VI grana8. consumit. quod deī puellās vivās in Orcō nōn cibum9. consumere sinunt, Hermes Proserpinam punit. 10. Proserpina in terrā cum Cerere VI mensibus vivit, sub11. terrā cum virō VI mensibus vivit. ubi filia cum Cerere est, 12. frumenta crescunt. ubi Proserpina cum deō in Orcō est,13. frumenta nōn crescunt.

‘Seasons of Love’ passage

• Annotate the passage• Write your translation on the lines below• Consult your Vocabulary List for any words you

do not see in your vocabulary box

‘Seasons of Love’

1. sine filiā, Cerēs lacrimat et nōn frumenta crescere sinit.

2. Helios, deus solis, deam narrat ubi Proserpina est.

3. Cerēs irata est sine filiā, virī et fēminae iratī sine frumentīs sunt.

4. Iuppiter, rēx deōrum, Plutonem reddere puellam iubet.

Without (her) daughter, Ceres cries and does not allow crops/grains to grow.

Helios, the god of the sun, tells the goddess where Proserpina is.

Ceres is angry without (her) daughter, men and women are angry without crops.

Jupiter, king of the gods, orders Pluto to return the girl.

Propositum: DWBAT identify and translate prepositional phrases in contextFacite Nunc: 1. Take a ‘Prepositional Phrases’ handout from the

computer table2. Take out your ‘Seasons of Love’ translation for inspection

and a red pen for correction3. With your table members discuss

1. Were there any sentences in this passage that were difficult to translate? Which ones?

PENSUM #20: Study for a prepositional phrases QUIZ on MONDAY.

10/4/13


5. in rēgnō sub terrā, Pluto imperium Iovis audit.

6. sed prius granatum Prosepinae dat.

7. Proserpina VI grana consumit.

8. quod deī puellās vivās in Orcō nōn cibum consumere sinunt, Hermes Proserpinam punit.

In the kingdom beneath the earth, Pluto hears the order of Jupiter.

But first he gives Proserpina a pomegranate.

Proserpina eats 6 seeds.

Because the gods do not allow living girls to eat food in the underworld, Hermes punishes Proserpina.


9. Proserpina in terrā cum Cerere VI mensibus vivit, sub terrā cum virō VI mensibus vivit.

10. ubi filia cum Cerere est, frumenta crescunt.

11. ubi Proserpina cum deō in Orcō est, frumenta nōn crescunt.

Proserpina lives for 6 months on the land/earth with (her) mother, (and) she lives for 6 months beneath the earth with (her) husband.

When (her) daughter is with Ceres, the crops grow.

When Proserpina is in the underworld with the god, crops do not grow.

Prepositions

• PREPOSITIONS are words (or phrases) that show ______________, _______________ or a _______________ to another word in the sentence .

• The noun (or pronoun) that follows the PREPOSITION is called the OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION.

• Together the _______________________ and the _______________________ (and any other modifiers) form a ______________________________________.

location movementrelationship

prepositionobject of a preposition

prepositional phrase

Object of a Preposition

• Consider the following English examples:• I love my sister. She is great, but I don’t have much in

common (with _____).• Cicero was a great Roman orator. He wrote many

speeches and letters, and we know a lot (about _____).• In Latin, the O.P. will either be in the ACCUSATIAVE or

ABLATIVE case.• vir (in villā) habitat. [villā = ABLATIVE]• fēmina (ad aquam) currit. [aquam = ACCUSATIVE]

her

him

Prepositional Phrase• Prepositional phrases give more information about some part

of the clause.• The gods live _____ Olympus.

– What word or words could fill the blank? – What is the PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE? – What does it modify?

• • The gods have dominion ______mankind. •

– What word or words could fill the blank? – What is the PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE? – What does it modify?

onon, in

on Olympuslive the verb

over

overover mankind

dominion direct object

Exerceāmus! and Ludus

• Complete the Execeāmus! and Ludus sections on line 2 with your table members

Propositum: DWBAT identify and translate prepositional phrases in contextFacite Nunc: 1. Take out a black/blue pen for your quiz2. Once the quiz is over, take out your Prepositional Phrases

handout3. With your table members review

1. Prepositions are words or phrases which show _________, _________ or a _________ to another word in the sentence.

2. The noun that follows a preposition is called _________________.

3. A preposition + an O.P. = __________________

PENSUM #21: Study for your Midterm exam on WEDNESDAY

10/7/13

location movement relationship

object of a preposition

prepositional phrase

R6 Contact Info

Write your e-mail address on a post-it and return your Discipulus/a Contact Info sheet IMMEDIATELY!

• Nayely• Joey• Kevin• Tafari• Ralph- e-mail

Exerceāmus! (Let’s practice!)• Put parentheses around all prepositional phrases in the following

sentences. Identify which part of the clause is being modified.

• Jupiter takes Juno for his wife. _____________• Jupiter and Juno have one son, Mars, who is the god of war.____________• Jupiter has many other children with goddesses and mortal

women. ___________• Jupiter in disguise approaches and seduces women. ___________

Juno direct object

god predicate nominative

children direct object

Jupiter subject

Turn to your ‘Clash of the Titans’ handout in your Class Notes Section

1. The siblings have 3 kingdoms.

_____________________________________________________ 2. The gods fight in war*. (*What ending do you think this word should have?)

_____________________________________________________ 3. The woman prepares a stone. (saxum, saxī n. stone)

_____________________________________________________ 4. The goddesses love their own kingdom.

_____________________________________________________ 5. The children want water.

_____________________________________________________

germanī III rēgna habent.

deī in bellō pugnant.

fēmina saxum parat.

deae suum rēgnum amant.

filiī aquam cupiunt.

Propositum: DWBAT complete a practice exam in order to review

Facite Nunc: 1. Take a ‘Term 1 Midterm Study Guide’ and put it into

the Reference Info section of your binders

2. Take a ‘Term 1 Midterm Practice Exam’ and put it into the Class Notes section of your binders

3. Read over and annotate your Study Guide and be ready to ask clarifying questions

PENSUM #22: Bring home your binder to study for your Midterm exam on WEDNESDAY

10/8/13

Midterm Exam Format

• 1 Latin passage approx. 10 lines long

– 15 multiple choice questions on grammar, vocabulary, and reading comprehension

– 2-3 sentences to annotate and translate

– 2 verbs to conjugate (from your Vocabulary List)

Term 1 Midterm Practice Exam

• Silently and independently work on your Practice Exam

• When you are done, raise your hand to receive your answer key

• If you have time remaining, translate the passage in full on looseleaf

Term 1 Midterm Exam• Take out a pencil/pen for your exam

• Your table should be clear and all binders/papers should be away

• You have the entire recitation for your exam

• Check the Vocabulary box for helpful information!

• Bonam fortūnam!

Propositum: DWBAT translate sentences without nominative subjectsFacite Nunc: 1. Take an ‘Itsy Bitsy Bragger’ text and place it into the

Class Notes section of your binder

2. Begin to annotate the passage for:1. Subjects = circle (nominatives AND verb endings)2. Direct objects = box3. Verbs = underline4. Prepositional Phrases = parentheses

PENSUM #23: Translate and annotate your ‘Itsy Bitsy Bragger’ text in full

10/10/13

How should we annotate and translate this sentence?

cum amīcīs nympha silvam regit. virōs nōn amat et mātrimōnium nōn amat.

The nymph rules the forest with (her) friends.

SHE does not love men and SHE does not love marriage.

NOTES: When sentences do not contain nominative subjects, we must look to the ending of the verb, and sometimes the previous sentence, to fill in a subject for our translation.

EXERCEĀMUS!The following sentences do not have nominative subjects. Circle the ending of the verb and/or look to the previous sentence to deterimine the subject and then translate the sentence in full.

a. in oppidō in Asiā habitat. (line 1) subject = Translation : b. operās pulchrās facit. (line 2) subject = Translation : operās bonās facis, sed sī deōs non timēs, perīculum invenīs. (lines 7-8)subjects (3 verbs) = Translation : d. itaque arāneas ‘Arachnidēs’ vocāmus. subject = Translation :

habitat sheShe lives in a town in Asia.

facit sheShe makes beautiful works.

facis you timēs you invenīs youYou make good workds, but if you do not fear the gods, you (will) find danger.

vocāmus weAnd so we call spiders ‘Arachnids’.

‘Itsy Bitsy Bragger’

• Annotate and translate this passage in full• Write out the final draft of your translate on

the lines on the back of the page

Propositum: DWBAT identify and translate nouns in the genitive case

Facite Nunc: 1. Take out your ‘Itsy Bitsy Bragger’ homework for

inspection

2. Take a ‘Genitive Case’ handout from the front

3. Turn to pg. 2 of your ‘Genitive Case’ handout and examine the vocabulary. Write down the conjugation number of each verb and declension number of each noun.

PENSUM #24: HW Handout #24

10/11/13

When we see nouns listed in our vocabulary sections, they are listed in the following way:

deus, -ī m. god• ‘deus’ is the _________ _________ form of the

word • ‘-ī’ tells us the __________________ ending of

the word (ex. deī)• ‘m.’ gives us the _______________ of the word

(ex. masculine)• ‘god’ is the ___________________ of the word

(the word in italics)

nominative singular

GENITIVE

gender

definition

The GENITIVE Case• We’ve seen the GENITIVE case before in phrases like:

fama Siciliae est magna = the fame ____ Sicily was great

• We TRANSLATE the genitive case with the word/letter: • _______________ or _____________ • The GENITIVE case is used to show ___________________

with another NOUN.

OF

OF ‘s/s’

possession

Exerceāmus!Read, ANNOTATE, & translate the following sentences. The Latin words in italics are in the GENITIVE CASE. For each, consider how this new case is used. What is the best translation? CAPITALIZE your translation of the GENITIVE.

I. nympha Thetis est fīlia Nēreī. Translation: _____________________________________________ II. Thetis est nympha aquae. Translation: ____________________________________________ III. deī et deae ad nuptiās nymphae et Pēleī veniunt. Translation: ______________________________________________

The nymph Thetis is the daughter of Nereus.

Thetis is a nymph of the water.

The gods and goddesses come to the wedding of the nymph and Peleus/the nymph and Peleus’ wedding.

IV. in medium nuptiārum Discordia mālum iacit. Translation: _____________________________________

V. trēs deārum mālum cupiunt. Translation:

_______________________________________

Exerceāmus!Read, ANNOTATE, & translate the following sentences. The Latin words in italics are in the GENITIVE CASE. For each, consider how this new case is used. What is the best translation? CAPITALIZE your translation of the GENITIVE.

Discord throws an apple into the middle/midst of the wedding.

3 of the goddesses want the apple.

NOUN ENDINGS CHARTSDIRECTIONS: Fill in the following charts with ALL case endings for the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd declensions. SOME of the GENITIVE endings have been supplied for you- fill in the rest based on the sentences you just translated.

-ae -ārum -ī

Propositum: DWBAT find the stem of a noun and decline and translate nouns in the 1st and 2nd declensions Facite Nunc: 1. Take out your ‘Exerceāmus’ HW #24 assignment

for inspection and correction

2. Take a ‘Noun Stem and the Genitive Case’ handout from the front

3. Complete pg. 1 using your notes from Friday 10/11

PENSUM #25 (Due Thursday): ‘Olympus’ Next Top Goddess’ annotation and translation

10/15/13

The Genitive Case

• The genitive case is used to show POSSESSION

• How is the GENITIVE CASE translated? ___________________________

• How is the GENITIVE annotated? _________________________

of/ ‘s or s’

NOUN ENDINGS CHARTSDIRECTIONS: Fill in the following charts with ALL case endings for the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd declensions.

-ae -ārum -ī

aquae nuptiārum NereīPeleī

Noun Stem

• Genitive sg. form – gen. sg. ending– Ex. umbrae - -ae = umbr-– factī - -ī = fact-– domīnī - -ī = domīn-

• Noun stem + ending = form– Ex. umbr- + -a = umbra (nom. sing. form)

Homework ReviewDecline the following nouns in all four cases you’ve learned so far.

a

aeamā

ae

ārumāsīs

Exerceāmus! Write in the declension and stem of each word, then decline and translate each form.• Complete the declensions and translations for the

following nouns on pg. 3– rēgina, rēginae f. queen– rēgulus, rēgulī m. prince– rēgnum, rēgnī n. kingdom, kingship

• When you are done, raise your hand to get a check from me. Then you may move forward to your HW (‘Olympus’ Next Top Goddess Translation’)– Add the word servō, servāre: to save, serve

R1 Term 1 Midterm Exam Results

Summa cum laude (95+)• Mirielle• Carlene• Reema• Izabella• Mohammed S.• Paul P.• Abby


Summa cum laude (95+)• William• Nayely• Paul• Coco• Wuraola


Summa cum laude (95+)• Anik• Keri• Munir• Robin

R9 Contact Info

• Dontae• Minhazul

Propositum: DWBAT find the stem of a noun and decline and translate nouns in the 1st and 2nd declensions Facite Nunc: 1. Take out your Class Notes handout from yesterday

‘Noun Stem and the Genitive Case’1. If you did not receive a red check on your work on pg. 3,

bring your work up to me for a check

2. Take out your Term 1 Midterm Exam1. With your table members, choose 1-2 multiple choice

questions you’d like to review as a class

PENSUM #25 (Due Thursday): ‘Olympus’ Next Top Goddess’ annotation and translation

10/16/13

Term 1 Multiple Choice Review

• With your table members, choose 1-2 multiple choice questions you’d like to review as a class– These should be questions you answered

incorrectly and still have questions/confusion about

‘Olympus’ Next Top Goddess’ Translation and Annotation

– You now have time to work on your HW due tomorrow• Annotate for subject, direct objects, verbs,

prepositional phrases, and genitives– Add the word servō, servāre: to save, serve

Propositum: DWBAT find the stem of a noun and decline and translate nouns in the 1st and 2nd declensions

Facite Nunc: 1. Take out your ‘Olympus’ Next Top Goddess’

annotation and translation for inspection

2. Take a ‘Noun Stem’ handout from the front

3. Fill in all blanks on side 1 of your handout

PENSUM #26 (Due Monday): ‘The Judgment of Paris’ annotation and translation

10/17/13

NOUN STEM

• The noun stem is the form to which all endings are added when declining a noun. To decline a noun is to change its form according to case (___________, __________, ____________, ___________) and number (__________or _______).

nominative genitive

accusative ablativesingular plural

Find the noun stem of the following words, and then give the case/number combination listed:1. terra, terrae f. earth, land

a) Noun Stem: b) nom. pl. :

2. signum, signī n. signa) Noun Stem: b) nom. pl. :

3. servus, servī m. slavea) Noun Stem: b) acc. sg. :

4. facula, faculae f. torcha) Noun Stem: b) abl. pl. :

5. somnus, somnī m. dreama) Noun Stem: b) abl. sg. :

terr-terrae

sign-signa

serv-servum

facul-faculīs

somn-somnō

“OLYMPUS’ NEXT TOP GODDESS” (LINES 1-3)

Lines 1-2: in somnīs Hecuba, rēgīna Trōiae et mater Alexandrī, signum deōrum videt:

Line 2: faculam claram flammīs creat.

Line 3: rēgulus Aesacus signum intellegit:

Line 3: ‘ob fīlium Trōia occidet.’

In (her) dreams Hecuba, the queen of Troy and the mother of Paris, sees a sign of the gods:

She gives birth to a bright torch with flames.

Prince Aesacus recognizes the sign:

‘Troy will fall on account of (your) son’.

Line 4: nec Priamus nec Hecuba filium interficere cupit,

Lines 4-5: itaque servus eum ad Īdam portat et ibi reliquit.

Line 6: fīlius nōn cadit, quod eum ursa servat. Lines 6-8: ubi servus rēvenit, tamen eum vīvum invenit et

eum in tectō velut fīlium suum alit.

“OLYMPUS’ NEXT TOP GODDESS” (LINES 4-8)

Neither Priam nor Hecuba want to kill (their) son,

and so a slave carries him to Mt. Ida and abandons (him) there.

The son does not die, because a female bear saves him.

When the slave returns, he finds him still living and rears him in (his) home just as (if) (he were) his own son.

Propositum: DWBAT translate and identify ablative of means nouns

Facite Nunc: 1. Take out your ‘Wedding of Peleus and Thetis’ translation for

inspection and correction

2. Take an ‘Ablative of Means’ handout and snap it into the Class Notes section of your binder

3. Take a ‘Term 1 Vocabulary List: Translatio’ and put it into the Vocabulary section of your binder

1. Fill in the DECLENSION number of each noun and the CONJUGATION number of each verb in the right-hand column of your Vocabulary List

PENSUM #27: Noun stem and declension quiz WEDNESDAY (see notes from 10/15, 10/17)

10/21/13

‘THE WEDDING OF PELEUS AND THETIS’

Lines 1: Thetis est nympha aquae.

Lines 1-2: avus, deus Prōteus, ōrāculum dīcit:

Line 2: ‘fīlium creābis et fīlius patrem vincet.’ Lines 3-4: Iuppiter nympham amat, sed Thetis eum (cum) verbīs

ōrāculāriīs terret;

Line 4: itaque deus in matrimōnium Pēleī dūcit.

Line 5: Pēleus nōn est deus sed vir.

Thetis is a nymph of the water.

(Her) grandfather, the god Proteus, speaks (gives) a prophecy:

‘You will give birth to a son and (your) son will conquer (his) father.’

Jupiter loves the nymph but Thetis frightens him with the prophetic words;

And so the god leads (her) into Peleus’ marriage (marriage with Peleus)

Peleus is not a god but a man.

Lines 6-7:deī et deae ad nuptiās veniunt, sed deam Discordiam nōn invītant.

Lines 7-8: ubi dea ad Olympum venit, deī eam ā nuptiīs āvertunt.

Line 8: dea īrāta consilium capit:

Lines 8-9: “discordiam in animōs virōrum et fēminārum agere cupiō.


The gods and goddesses come to the wedding, but they do not invite the goddess Discord.

When the goddess come to Mt. Olympus, the gods turn her away from the wedding.

The angry goddess seizes (forms) a plan:

“I want to drive conflict/animosity into the minds of men and women.

Line 9: ex aurō mālum faciō.

Line 10: (cum) mālō nuptiās pervertere possum.”

Line 11-12: ad Olympum revenit et mālum in medium nuptiārum iacit.

Line 12: in mālō aureō est verbum: ‘PULCHERRIMAE.’


I (will) make an apple out of gold.

I (will be) able to ruin the wedding with an apple.”

(She) returns to Olympus and throws an apple into the middle of the wedding.

On the golden apple is the word ‘TO THE FAIREST’.

Ablative of Means

• Up until now, we’ve only seen the ABLATIVE case used in prepositional phrases:

Ex. in rēgnō = in the kingdom sub terrā = underneath the earth cum amīcīs = with friends

However, the ABLATIVE CASE can ALSO be used without a preposition. For example, look at the following sentence from “THE WEDDING OF PELEUS AND THETIS”

Line 10: mālō nuptiās pervertere possum. = I am able to ruin the wedding _____ an apple. What word should be used to translate the ABLATIVE

noun mālō? ______________

Ablative of Means

with

A noun in the ABLATIVE CASE can be used without a preposition to express the MEANS or INSTRUMENT by which the action is done. This noun is always an OBJECT or ABSTRACT noun.

Ablative of Means

The ABLATIVE OF MEANS can be translated with the English prepositions: _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ __________

by with in on from

BWIOF

Exerceāmus! ANNOTATE & translate the sentences.

• Identify the ablative of means word in each sentence

• Choose the best English preposition (BWIOF) to translate it based on CONTEXT

• Translate the sentence in full

Exerceāmus!

1. Plūto rōtīs ex terrā venit. [rotae, -ārum, f.pl. chariot (lit. wheels)]

a) Ablative of Means noun= ____________b) English preposition used to translate Ablative of Means

noun = _________c) Sentence Translation:

_____________________________________________

rōtīs

on/in

Pluto comes out of the earth on a chariot/wheels.

Exerceāmus!

2. verbīs nympha deum terret.



_____________________________________________

verbīs

with

The nymph frightens the god with words.

Exerceāmus!

3. Rhea virum saxō fallit. [fallō, -ere, fefellī deceive]



_____________________________________________

saxō

by/with

Rhea deceives (her) husband with/by (means of) a stone.

Propositum: DWBAT annotate and translate a passage in groups using group work roles and norms

Facite Nunc: 1. Take an ‘Olympus’ Next Top Goddess Part II’

handout and snap it into the Class Notes section of your binder

2. Keep out your ‘Ablative of Means’ handout from yesterday for inspection

PENSUM #27: Noun stem and declension quiz TOMORROW (see notes from 10/15, 10/17, 10/22)

10/22/13

“OLYMPUS’ NEXT TOP GODDESS” PART II Group Translation

• 1 person will lead in reference/vocabulary– “This word means ______as we can see from the Term 1 Midterm/Translatiō

Vocabulary List”– “This word is the _____ gender”– “That is an accusative plural ending as we can see from the chart of noun endings

on the Genitive Case handout “

• 1 person will lead in annotation– “We should circle this word as the subject because it has a nominative ending”– “Let’s parenthesize in regnō because it’s a prepositional phrase”

• 1-2 people will lead in translation– “Since _____ is the subject, our translation should start off with this word. ‘The

nymph…’”– “Now lets translate the verb. ‘The nymph is….’”

‘“OLYMPUS’ NEXT TOP GODDESS” PART II ’

• Annotate for:– Subject (and verb ending)– Direct object– Verb– Prepositional phrase– Genitive nouns

• Translate on the space below

Quiz 7 PRACTICE: Noun DeclensionsDIRECTIONS: Write in the declension and stem of each word. Then

decline the noun in Latin and translate each form into English.

2nd sign-

signum the/a sign

signī of the sign

signum (verb) the sign

signō BWIOF the sign

signa the signs

of the signs

signa (verb) the signssignīs BWIOF the signs



2nd agr-

ager the/a field

agrī of the field

agrum (verb) the field

agrō BWIOF the field

agrī the fields

of the fields

agrōs (verb) the fieldsagrīs BWIOF the fields

ager, agrī m. field

agrōrum



1st puell-

puella the/a girl

puellae of the girl

puellam (verb) the girl

puellā BWIOF the girl

puellae the girls

of the girls

puellās (verb) the girlspuellīs BWIOF the girls

puella, puellae f. girl

puellārum

What father of Jupiter was deceived by his wife into eating a stone in place of his child?

Name another one of the children of Cronus and Rhea

CRONUS/SATURNUS

Juno/Hera, Pluto/Hades, Vesta/Hestia, Ceres/Demeter, Neptune/Poseidon

What is the name given to this group of children, based on the name of the mountain on which

they live?The Olympians

TBLS Certamen Club

• Interested in mythology? Like answering competitive questions about ancient history and culture? Want to learn more about Latin in an informal setting?

• Want to take a trip to YALE UNIVERSITY?• Come to an informational CERTAMEN meeting

tomorrow at 2:45 in room 102.

Propositum: DWBAT annotate and translate a passage in groups using group work roles and norms

Facite Nunc: 1. Take out your ‘Olympus’ Next Top Goddess

Part II’ handout

2. Take out a black/blue pen for your quiz

PENSUM #28: Ablative of Means quiz FRIDAY (see notes from 10/21)

10/23/13

Quiz 7: Noun Declension

• Find the declension number, stem of each noun

• List all forms in each case/number combination

• Translate all forms

“OLYMPUS’ NEXT TOP GODDESS” PART II Group Translation

• 1 person will lead in reference/vocabulary– “This word means ______as we can see from the Term 1 Midterm/Translatiō

Vocabulary List”– “This word is the _____ gender”– “That is an accusative plural ending as we can see from the chart of noun endings

on the Genitive Case handout “

• 1 person will lead in annotation– “We should circle this word as the subject because it has a nominative ending”– “Let’s parenthesize in regnō because it’s a prepositional phrase”

• 1-2 people will lead in translation– “Since _____ is the subject, our translation should start off with this word. ‘The

nymph…’”– “Now lets translate the verb. ‘The nymph is….’”

‘“OLYMPUS’ NEXT TOP GODDESS” PART II ’

• Annotate for:– Subject (and verb ending)– Direct object– Verb– Prepositional phrase– Genitive nouns

• I will collect 1 annotation and translation PER GROUP by the end of the period to be graded.

Propositum: DWBAT identify and translate verbs in the imperfect tense

Facite Nunc: 1. Take an ‘Imperfect Tense’ handout from the front2. Write out and annotate this English sentence on a

sheet of looseleaf:– Paris wants to marry Helen, but she already married

Menelaus3. ALL TABLES except for 3 and 4 must turn in their

group work translation from yesterday IMMEDIATELY

PENSUM #29: Complete your Imperfect Tense handout in full. Ablative of Means quiz TOMORROW (see notes from 10/21)

10/24/13

Annotate:

Paris wants to marry Helen, but she already married Menelaus

What are the two CONJUGATED verbs in this sentence?

What is the difference in the TIME in which the verbs take place?

The time when a verb happens is called its TENSE.

wants, married

wants = present timemarried = past time

An Introduction to TENSE• The TENSE of a verb not only tells the TIME it takes place (past,

present, or future) but also... the ASPECT How does the verb happen? (simple? progressive/repeated? completed? emphatic?)

• PRESENT TIME– SIMPLE: I walk. Does not tell HOW the action happens.– PROGRESSIVE: I am walking. Emphasizes the action IN PROGRESS.– EMPHATIC: I do walk. Emphasizes the occurrence of the action.– COMPLETED: I have walked. Indicated the action is COMPLETED.

• PAST TIME– SIMPLE: I learned.– PROGRESSIVE: I was learning.– EMPHATIC: I did learn.– COMPLETED: I had learned.

The IMPERFECT Tense in Latin• So far, we have only had verbs in the PRESENT TENSE. The present tense

in Latin is in present TIME and has SIMPLE, PROGRESSIVE, or EMPHATIC aspect:

• e.g. amō means I love, I am loving, or I do love.

• The IMPERFECT TENSE in Latin means PAST TIME and PROGRESSIVE aspect:

• e.g. amābam translates to – I was loving. The action was IN PROGRESS in the past.– I used to love. The action happened REPEATEDLY in the past.

• The IMPERFECT TENSE is marked by the TENSE SIGN –bā- or –ēbā-. This is an INFIX, or letter combination that appears in the middle of a word.

• The verb est (he/she/it is) and sunt (they are) are IRREGULAR. Their imperfect equivalents are erat (he/she/it was) and erant (they were).

Daphne and Apollo

• Annotate and translate on looseleaf the passage ‘Daphne and Apollo’ on pg. 2– servō, servāre: to save, protect, preserve

• Look out for the IMPERFECT TENSE verbs and list them below the Latin passage– What INFIX are you looking for to identify an

IMPERFECT TENSE verb?

MEDITATIO

• Find, list, and translate all verbs from the passage that are in the IMPERFECT TENSE.– ______________________– ______________________– ______________________ (x 2)– ______________________

______________________– ______________________

erat

agitābat amābat servābat

spectābat cūpiēbat

he/she/it was

he/she/it was hunting, used to hunt

he/she/it was loving, used to lovehe/she/it was saving, used to save

he/she/it was watching, used to watchhe/she/it was wanting, used to want

Propositum: DWBAT identify and translate verbs in the imperfect tense

Facite Nunc: 1. Take an ‘Forming the Imperfect Tense’ handout

from the front2. Take out your HW for inspection and

correction and turn to pg. 23. Ablative of Means quiz postponed until

WEDNESDAY

PENSUM #30: Study ALL notes and your Term 1 Vocabulary Lists: Midterm and Translatio for your Translatio on TUESDAY

10/25/13

• What patterns do you notice about how the infix according to the conjugation number of the verb?

I vocā- ba th/s/I was calling, h/s/I used to call

III dūc- ēba ntthey were leading, they used to lead

IV audi- ēbā muswe were hearing, we used to hear

Imperfect Tense Formation

Exerceāmus! Conjugate and translate

• Finish sides 1 and 2 of your worksheet in full• Raise your hand for a check of your work when you are

done

habēbās you were having, you used to have

habēbat h/s/i/ was having, h/s/I used to have

habēbāmus we were having, we used to have

habēbātis you all were having, you all used to have

habēbant they were having, they used to have

Propositum: DWBAT complete a practice Translatiō exam in order to assess their skills and content knowledge for the upcoming assessment

Facite Nunc: 1. Take a ‘Term 1 Practice Translatio’ packet

from the front and snap it into the Class Notes section of your binders

2. Turn to pg. 3 and read and annotate (highlight important information, write questions) the Translatiō rubric

PENSUM #31: Study ALL notes and your Term 1 Vocabulary Lists: Midterm and Translatio for your Translatio TOMORROW

10/28/13

Translatiō Exam (20% of Term Grade)

• You have the entire recitation to complete the exam

• Annotation is STRONGLY encouraged but will not be graded

• This is exam is designed to assess your present level of skill in translation in grammar (50%), vocabulary (25%) and semantics (25%).

Ulixes ingeniōsus, vir insūlae Ithacae, ā tectō et ā fēminā et ā puerō discēdere nōn optābat.

• BAD semantics: Ulysses clever, man of island of Ithaca, from home and from wife and from boy to leave was not wanting.

• BAD vocabulary: Ingenious Ulysses, the master of the town of Ithaca, was not trying to run away from (his) tent and from (his) female and (his) puddle.

• BAD grammar: The islands of Ithaca do not want the man, clever Ulysses, to leave from (his) home and from (his) wife and from (his) boy.

GOOD semantics, vocabulary and grammar: The clever Ulysses, a man of the island of Ithaca, was not wanting to depart from (his) home and from (his) wife and (his) boy.

Term 1 Practice Translatio

• Silently and independently complete your practice translatiō exam– You should aim to get through line 7

• You may use your notes to look up information, but make a note to study anything you find yourself looking up tonight

Lines 2-3: itaque consilium capit et dīcit:

Lines 3-5: ‘meum familiam esse solam nōn optō quod Helena ā virō, Menelāō, discedēbat.

Lines 5-6: ubi Graecī cum Trōiānīs bellum gerunt, in tectō maneō.

Lines 6-7: sī Graecī mē insanum vident, ad Trōiam nōn mittent.’

Term 1 Practice Translatio ANSWER KEY

And so/therefore he seizes (forms/makes/creates) a plan and says:

‘I do not want my family to be alone because Helen was departing/leaving from her man (husband), Menelaus.

When the Greeks wage war with the Trojans, I (will) remain/stay in (my) home.

If the Greeks see me (as) insane, they will not send me to Troy.’

Lines 8-9: ubi nūntius Graecōrum Ulixem petit, virum insanum videt.

Lines 9-10: Ulixes agrōs arābat et agrōs micīs salis serēbat.

Lines 10-11: nūntius puerum capit et eum in viā aratrī ponit.

Term 1 Practice Translatio ANSWER KEY

When a messenger of the Greeks seeks Ulysses, he sees an insane man.

Ulysses was plowing fields and was sowing the fields with grains of salt.

The messenger seizes the boy and places him in the path of the plough.

Binder Check

• Make sure you have the following worksheets:– Term 1 Vocabulary List: Midterm– Term 1 Vocabulary List: Translatiō– Midterm Study Guide

• If you need any copies, come pick them up from me in Room 103

Term 1 TRANSLATIŌ EXAM

• You have the entire recitation to complete your exam• The first and last lines (which are underlined) have

been translated for you• You may work in pencil• You may detach your text from your answer page, but

if you do write your name on BOTH pages• If you finish early, hand in your exam and take out

non Latin related work• Bonam fortūnam!

Propositum: DWBAT identify and practice skills and content that will appear on the Term 1 IA Exam

Facite Nunc: 1. Take a

1. ‘Term 1 IA Study Guide’ packet2. ‘Term 1 IA Exercises’ packet

2. Read through the Term 1 IA Study Guide and annotate for

1. Most important content to study2. Clarifying questions on format/content

PENSUM #32: Complete ‘Term 1 IA Exercises’ packet in full

10/30/13

Term 1 Latin IA

• Thursday morning November 7th at 8 AM• Exam will last 2 hours 15 minutes• The exam is designed to take approx. 1 hour

40 minutes• You will be responsible for all content and

skills listed within your Study Guide packet

Format of the IA

• The IA is the SAME format as the MIDTERM EXAM—only longer, and with the addition of Section C:

• • Section A: Multiple-Choice (30 questions)• Section B: Translation (3 sentences)• Section C: Reading Comprehension (3-5

short answer questions)

Term 1 IA Exercises Packet

• Work with your table members to complete your Exercises packet

• DO NOT use your notes• The table to complete their work with the

most accuracy and speed will earn 3 FACTIONES points!

7) The baby was a boy. Choose the Latin.• (a) puer (b) puerī (c)

puerum (d) puerō

9) vir ________ timēbat. Fill in the blank.(a) orāculum (b) orāculī (c)

orāculō (d) orāculōrum

11) dea ad ________ currit. Fill in the blank.(a) Olympus (b) Olympum (c)

Olympō (d) Olympī


Facite Nunc: 1. Take a TERM 1 INTERIM ASSESSMENT

Practice TEXT: The Abduction of Proserpina: III Perspectives’

2. Annotate for verbs only, circling endings

PENSUM #33: Complete your translation of ‘The Abduction of Proserpina: III Perspectives’

10/30/13

Conjugating the IMPERFECT tenseTo conjugate an imperfect tense verb:1. Find the present stem (2nd PP – ‘re’)2. Add the infix (bā for 1st and 2nd conjugations, -

ēbā- for 3rd, 3rd –io and 4th)3. Add personal endings (-m, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt)

dare – ‘re’ = da-

-bā-

daba m

dabas

dabat

dabamus

dabatis

dabant

I was giving, I used to giveyou were giving, you used to givehe/she/it was giving, used to give

we were giving, we used to giveyou all were giving, you all used to givethey were giving, they used to give

The Abduction of Proserpina: III Perspectives

• CONTEXT: – Who are the main characters in this passage?

What is the conflict?

• Pre-reading:– Why is this titled ‘III Perspectives’? Whose

perspectives are being given?– Given the quotations, what person and number

verbs do you expect to see appear a lot?


Facite Nunc: 1. Take a TERM 1 INTERIM ASSESSMENT

Practice Test: Multiple Choice and Reading Comprehension

2. Take out your ‘Term 1 IA Practice TEXT: The Abduction of Proserpina’ for inspection

1. You will receive an answer key for the translation

PENSUM #34: Complete your ‘Term 1 IA Practice

11/1/13

The Abduction of Proserpina: III Perspectives Annotation Key

1. Plūto: ‘puellam vidēbam et nunc eam cupiēbam.’2. Prōserpina: ‘flosculōs carpēbam. ubi deum et rōtās vidēbam,

timēbam.’3. Cerēs: ‘fīliam meam nōn spectābam. in Olympō eram. in agrō

cum amīcīs4. Prōserpina erat.’5. Plūto: ‘Prōserpinam in Orcum capiēbam et eam in matrimōnium

dūcēbam. 6. in rēgnō meō habitābāmus, dominus et rēgīna.’7. Prōserpina: ‘matrem meam et caelum clārum cupiō.’8. Cerēs: ‘dea magna sum et fīliam meam amittō. Iuppiter

germānum capere9. fīliam meam sinit, itaque terram prodūcere frūmentum nōn

sinō.’

10. Iuppiter virōs iēiūnōs et fēminās et filiōs vidēbat, itaque consilium

11. novum capit. Prōserpinam reddere optābat, itaque ad Orcum Mercurium

12. mittit. interim sub terrā Prōserpina erat iēiūna et cibum cupiēbat. Plūto Prōserpinae

13. grānātum dat et dea pauca grāna consumit. ubi Mercurius ad Cerērem

14. Prōserpinam reddēbat, ob grāna dea in terrā manēre nōn poterat.

15. in annō, Prōserpina sub terrā cum Plūtone et sub caelō cum Cerēre habitat.

The Abduction of Proserpina: III Perspectives Annotation Key

TERM 1 INTERIM ASSESSMENT Practice Test: Multiple Choice and Reading Comprehension

• Answer Section B: Multiple Choice (Questions 1-20)– All questions refer to the text– The sentence(s) each question refers to will be listed before

the questions appear. Your answers should be based on the words in those sentences ONLY.

• Answer Section C: Reading Comprehension (Questions 1-3)– Answer using evidence from the passage and cite line numbers

• (Ex. Ceres does not allow the earth to produce grain because …. (lines __ to ___)

Term 1 IA Practice Test: Multiple-Choice ANSWER KEY

1. D2. B3. A4. D5. C6. B7. A8. B9. D10. C

11. C12. B13. A14. B15. C16. B17. C18. A19. C20. D

Translatiō Results: R1Summa cum Laude (95+)• Daniel• Izabella• Mirielle

Magna cum Laude (90+)• Janice• Loanni• Reema• Kiara• Paul P

Translatiō Results: R6Summa cum Laude (95+)• Netanya• Nayely• Emma• Wuraola• Charlene• Coco

Magna cum Laude (90+)• Corey• Paul• Ralph

Translatiō Results: R9

Summa cum Laude (95+)• Anik• Keri• Naveed

Magna cum Laude (90+)• Robin• Sarah

salvete ! welcome to latin 1

Documents

course information

latin course

latin languagefacite

materials section

fundamentals of latin

yearlong course

dwbat use terminology

expectations handout