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8/17/2019 Sam Cases for Printing

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Case 1

A.M. No. MTJ-91-565 October 5, 2005

Patricio T. Junio, Complainant,

vs.

Judge Pedro C. Rivera, Jr., MTC, Alaminos, Pangasinan, Respondent.

FACTS:

Judge Pedro C. R!er", Jr. #$e"d%g &or 'udc"$ c$e(e%c) re$"t!e to our Re*o$uto% d"ted Augu*t +0

199+ d*(**%g ( &ro( te *er!ce &or **%g * bo"rder* d"ugter /$e e /"* dru% dur%g *

brtd") #"rt), /c "ct co%*ttute* gro** (*co%duct "%d co%duct #re'udc"$ to te be*t %tere*t o&

te Judc"r).

A&ter (ore t"% 11 )e"r* or o% No!e(ber 1, 200, re*#o%de%t Judge *e%t " $etter to t* Court

*t"t%g t"t e dd %ot &$e " (oto% &or reco%*der"to% o& our Re*o$uto% bec"u*e e "cce#ted te

!erdct, % "$$ u($t). 3ut e #$e"ded t"t b"*ed o% u("%t"r"% co%*der"to%* "%d % te *#rt o&

&org!e%e**, /e gr"%t ( * (o%et"r) be%e&t* corre*#o%d%g to * $o%g )e"r* o& *er!ce % tego!er%(e%t4 "%d "$$o/ ( to /or % "%) go!er%(e%t "ge%c) or go!er%(e%t-o/%ed or co%tro$$ed

cor#or"to%* "* " co%*u$t"%t. e &urter *t"ted t"t e /"* "cutted % te cr(%"$ c"*e &or "ct* o&

$"*c!ou*%e** &$ed "g"%*t (4 t"t e *er!ed te go!er%(e%t &or (ore t"% trt)-&!e 7+58 )e"r*,

&our 78 )e"r* o& /c /"* % te Judc"r)4 "%d t"t t* * * &r*t "d(%*tr"t!e o&&e%*e.

O% Ju%e 1, 2005, re*#o%de%t Judge "g"% /rote t* Court reter"t%g * #$e" &or 'udc"$ c$e(e%c)

% te $gt o& () #re*e%t #er*o%"$ crcu(*t"%ce*. e *t"ted t"t e * u%dergo%g %te%*!e (edc"

tre"t(e%t &or c"t"r"ct, #ro*t"tc e%$"rge(e%t, #o*tur"$ !ertgo, )#erte%*o% "%d "rtrt*4 t"t e *

u%der e"!) &%"%c"$ cr**4 "%d t"t * "rde%t /* * to re"# te &rut* o& * $o%g )e"r* o&

*er!ce to te go!er%(e%t.

**ue: eter or %ot " 'udge d*(**ed &ro( *er!ce (") be gr"%ted " 'udc"$ c$e(e%c) co%*der%g

* $e%gt o& *er!ce "%d * &%"%c"$, "%d #)*c"$ co%dto%*;

Ru$%g:


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% re*#o%de%t* c"*e, /e %ote cert"% *g%&c"%t &"ctor* t"t *#ur u* to co%*der * #re*e%t #$e" &or

'udc"$ c$e(e%c) "%d ree="(%e /t co(#"**o% te #e%"$t) (#o*ed o% (. Re*#o%de%t Judge

"* re%dered (ore t"% trt) &!e 7+58 )e"r* o& go!er%(e%t *er!ce. T* * * &r*t "%d o%$)

"d(%*tr"t!e o&&e%*e. e de(o%*tr"ted *%cere re#e%t"%ce. e /"* d*(**ed &ro( te *er!ce

(ore t"% te% 7108 )e"r* "go "%d "* co(e to ter(* /t re"$t) "%d $e"r%ed 7*8 $e**o%. *

regre**%g #)*c"$ co%dto% c"u*ed b) !"rou* $$%e**e* "%d o$d "ge %ece**t"te &%"%c"$ *u##ort.

CASE NUMER !

A"#ANCE TE$T%&E M%&&S %NC, PET%T%'NERS

#S (%&&) TAN, doing *usiness under t+e name (CT Manuacturing, Respondents

FACTS:

Petto%er Ad!"%ce Te=t$e M$$*, %c., "$$eged$) *o$d te=t$e ("ter"$* to $$) T"% o& CT

M"%u&"ctur%g. A&ter &e/ "tte(#t* "t co$$ect%g te u%#"d b"$"%ce o& P1,51,>92.6, o% No!e(ber

11, 199+, #etto%er *e%t re*#o%de%t* " &%"$ de("%d "%d $etter g!%g ( te% d")* to *ett$e * debt

o% #"% o& $eg"$ "cto%. Re*#o%de%t *t$$ &"$ed to #"). Tere"&ter, #etto%er %*ttuted "% "cto% &or

co$$ecto% o& " *u( o& (o%e) be&ore te Rego%"$ Tr"$ Court o& M""t Ct). Re*#o%de%t de%ed

#urc"*%g &"brc ("ter"$* o% credt &ro( te #etto%er "%d "$$eged t"t "$$ e #urc"*e* /ere #"d

% c"* b"**. e $e/*e de%ed rece!%g "%) de("%d $etter &ro( te #etto%er.

A #re-tr"$ co%&ere%ce /"* *cedu$ed o% M"rc 6, 1995. O% (oto% o& re*#o%de%t* cou%*e$, te tr"

court gr"%ted te (oto% to c"%ce$ "%d re*et te #re-tr"$ co%&ere%ce o% A#r$ 5, 1995. 3ot o% *"d

d"te re*#o%de%t "%d cou%*e$ &"$ed to "##e"r, *o te tr"$ court, u#o% #etto%er* (oto%, dec$"red

re*#o%de%t % de&"u$t "%d tere"&ter "$$o/ed te #re*e%t"to% o& e!de%ce e= #"rte.

Tr"$ court re%dered " dec*o% % &"!or o& te #etto%er. Re*#o%de%t "##e"$ed te dec*o% % Court o&

A##e"$* "%d ru$ed t"t de&"u$t /"* %u$$ "%d !od, &or &"$ure o& te tr"$ court to *er!e re*#o%de%t /t

te %otce o& #re-tr"$ "%d ordered te $o/er court " uo &or &urter #roceed%g*. Te% #etto%er r"*ed

te c"*e to Su#re(e Court.

SS?@: eter or %ot " *e#"r"te %otce re*ett%g #re-tr"$ d"te * reured be&ore te #"rt) $tg"%t

c"% be dec$"red % de&"u$t &or * &"$ure to "tte%d te re*et #re-tr"$;

R?NB:


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dec$"red % de&"u$t. 3e&ore " #"rt) * %o%-*uted or * dec$"red "* % de&"u$t, t (u*t be *o/% t"t

*"d #"rt) "%d * cou%*e$ /ere du$) *er!ed /t *e#"r"te %otce* o& te #re-tr"$ co%&ere%ce.

CASE NUMER -

CASE NUMER


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CASE NUMER /

A&A vs. C'URT '0 APPEA&S

.R. No. 1231, Jul4 !5, !33/

F"ct*: Pr!"te re*#o%de%t Ro*e%do C. errer" &$ed " #etto% &or c"%ce$$"to% o& te &o$$o/%g e%tre*

% te brt cert&c"te o& Ro*e%do A$b" errer", Jr, to /t: 718 te *ur%"(e errer"D "* "##e%ded to

te %"(e o& te *"d c$d4 728 te re&ere%ce to #r!"te re*#o%de%t "* te &"ter o& Ro*e%do A$b"

errer" Jr.4 "%d 7+8 te "$$eged ("rr"ge o& #r!"te re*#o%de%t to "$$ c$d* (oter, Ar( A. A$b" e

"!erred t"t *uc c"$$e%ged e%tre* "re &"$*e.

Pr!"te re*#o%de%t co%te%ded t"t e ("rred o%$) o%ce, "* e!de%ced b) cert&c"to% &ro( NSO "%dC!$ Reg*tr"r o& M"%d"$u)o%g.

Te RTC, &%d%g te #etto% to be *u&&ce%t % &or( "%d *ub*t"%ce te e"r%g /"* *et. O% te

*cedu$ed e"r%g te cou%*e$ &ro( te OSB "##e"red but &$ed %o o##o*to%, Ar( /"* %ot #re*e%t.

Te court " uo re%dered " dec*o% order%g te correcto% o& te e%tre* % te Cert&c"to% o& !e

3rt o& Ro*e%do A$b" errer", Jr.

Ar( &$ed " #etto% &or te "%%u$(e%t o& te 'udg(e%t, co%te%d%g t"t *e c"(e to %o/ o& te

dec*o% o& te RTC /ere te *coo$ /ere er *o% /"* e%ro$$ed, /"* &ur%*ed b) #r!"te

re*#o%de%t /t " co#) o& " court order drect%g te c"%ge o& #etto%er* *ur%"(e &ro( errer" to

A$b". Ar( co%te%ded t"t *e "%d #r!"te re*#o%de%t co"bted "%d "&ter ter *e#"r"to%, e

co%t%ued to g!e *u##ort to ter *o%.

Pr!"te re*#o%de%t de%ed #"ter%t) o& #etto%er (%or "%d * #ur#orted co"bt"to% /t Ar(.

**ue: eter or %ot "% $$egt("te c$d *"$$ u*e te *ur%"(e o& ter (oter.


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e$d: ?%der Art. 16 o& te F"($) Code "* "(e%ded b) RA No. 9255, /Ec too e&&ect o% M"rc 19,

200, $$egt("te c$dre% *"$$ u*e te *ur%"(e o& ter (oter , u%$e** ter &"ter recog%e* ter

&$"to%, % /Ec c"*e te) (") be"r te &"ter* *ur%"(e. % "%g !*. Cebu C!$ Reg*tr"r t /"* e$d

t"t "% $$egt("te c$d /o*e &$"to%* * %ot recog%ed b) te &"ter be"r* o%$) " g!e% %"(e "%d

* (oter* *ur%"(e. Te %"(e o& te u%recog%ed $$egt("te c$d de%t&e* ( "* *uc. t *

o%$) /e% *"d c$d * recog%ed t"t e (") u*e * &"ter* *ur%"(e, re&$ect%g * *t"tu* u* "%"c%o/$edged $$egt("te e$d.

CASE NUMER 2

A&AAN C'UNTR) C&U %NC., ET A&. #S. NAT%'NA& &A'R RE&AT%'NS C'MM%SS%'N, ET

A&.

.R. No. 1/6211. August 5, !33/

F"ct*: Petto%er A$"b"%g Cou%tr) C$ub %c. 7ACC8, * " *toc, %o%-#ro&t cor#or"to% t"t o#er"te*

"%d ("%t"%* " cou%tr) c$ub "%d !"rou* *#ort* "%d recre"to%"$ &"c$te* &or te e=c$u*!e u*e o& t*

(e(ber*. So(et(e % 199+, Fr"%c*co Ferrer, te% Pre*de%t o& ACC, reue*ted t* %ter%"$ Audtor,

to co%duct " *tud) o% te #ro&t"b$t) o& ACC* Food "%d 3e!er"ge Ge#"rt(e%t 7F H 3 Ge#"rt(e%t8.

Co%*eue%t$), re#ort *o/ed t"t &ro( 19>9 to 199+, F H 3 Ge#"rt(e%t "d bee% %curr%g

*ub*t"%t"$ $o**e*. Re"$%g t"t t /"* %o $o%ger #ro&t"b$e &or ACC to ("%t"% t* o/% F H 3

Ge#"rt(e%t, te ("%"ge(e%t decded to ce"*e &ro( o#er"t%g te de#"rt(e%t "%d to o#e% te *"(e

to " co%tr"ctor, *uc "* " co%ce**o%"re, /c /ou$d be /$$%g to o#er"te t* o/% &ood "%d

be!er"ge bu*%e** /t% te c$ub. Tu*, ACC *e%t t* F H 3 Ge#"rt(e%t e(#$o)ee* %d!du"$

$etter* %&or(%g te( t"t ter *er!ce* /ere be%g ter(%"ted "%d t"t te) /ou$d be #"d

*e#"r"to% #"). Te ?%o% % tur%, /t te "utort) o& %d!du"$ re*#o%de%t*, &$ed " co(#$"%t &or

$$eg"$ d*(**"$.

**ue: eter or %ot te c$ub* rgt to ter(%"te t* e(#$o)ee* &or "% "utored c"u*e, #"rtcu$"r$)

to *ecure t* co%t%ued !"b$t) "%d e=*te%ce * !"$d.

e$d: e% #etto%er decded to ce"*e o#er"t%g t* F H 3 Ge#"rt(e%t "%d o#e% te *"(e to "

co%ce**o%"re, t dd %ot reduce te %u(ber o& #er*o%%e$ "**g%ed tere"t. t ter(%"ted te

e(#$o)(e%t o& "$$ #er*o%%e$ "**g%ed "t te de#"rt(e%t.

Petto%er* &"$ure to #ro!e t"t te c$o*ure o& t* F H 3 Ge#"rt(e%t /"* due to *ub*t"%t"$ $o**e*

%ot/t*t"%d%g, te Court &%d* t"t %d!du"$ re*#o%de%t* /ere d*(**ed o% te grou%d o& c$o*ure

or ce**"to% o& "% u%dert"%g %ot due to *erou* bu*%e** $o**e* or &%"%c"$ re!er*e*, /c *

"$$o/ed u%der Artc$e 2>+ o& te "bor Code. Te c$o*ure o& o#er"to% o& "% e*t"b$*(e%t or


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u%dert"%g %ot due to *erou* bu*%e** $o**e* or &%"%c"$ re!er*e* %c$ude* bot te co(#$ete

ce**"to% o& o#er"to%* "%d te ce**"to% o& o%$) #"rt o& " co(#"%)* "ct!te*.

CASE NUMER 6

#'&ENT% N'N 0%T %NJUR%A

7'TE& N%88' vs. RE)ESR. No. 1/!/5 0e*ruar4 !9, !33/

0acts:T* c"*e * " #etto% &or re!e/ o% certor"r reg"rd%g te re!er*%g dec*o% o& te Court o&

A##e"$* % te dec*o% o& te Tr"$ Court "%d tu*, ("%g te #etto%er* $"b$e &or d"("ge* trougte "bu*!e co%duct o& #etto%er (, (#o*%g u#o% te( P200,000 "* e=e(#$"r) d"("ge*,P200,000 "* (or"$ d"("ge*, "%d P10,000 "* "ttor%e)* &ee*.

P$"%t&& Roberto Re)e* 7A(") 3*")"8 /"* "!%g co&&ee "t te No ote$ $obb) o% October

1+, 199 "t "rou%d *= % te (or%%g /e% Gr. Io$et" F$"rt, " $o%g-t(e &re%d, "##ro"ced ( "%d%!ted ( to " #"rt) "t te #e%tou*e /ere te ote$* &or(er ("%"ger* brtd") /"* be%gce$ebr"ted. e co%*e%ted "%d c"rred te $"tter* #re*e%t. At te #"rt), /e% e /"* e$#%g (*e$&"t te bu&&et t"b$e, Rub) (, o%e o& te #etto%er*, "##ro"ced ( "%d "*ed ( to $e"!e % " $oud!oce e%oug to be e"rd b) to*e "rou%d te bu&&et t"b$e. Te%, " M""t #o$ce("% "cco(#"%edte e(b"rr"**ed A(") 3*")" % $e"!%g te #e%tou*e.

Rub) ( "cce#ted te &"ct t"t *e "*ed Mr. Re)e* to $e"!e but %ot % te ("%%er ec$"(ed. Se *"d *e #o$te$) "*ed Mr. Re)e* to &%* * &ood "%d $e"!e te #"rt) "* te ce$ebr"%t/"%t* te #"rt) to be %t("te, "%d t"t e /"* %ot %!ted. O% te oter "%d, Gr. F$"rt de%ed A(")3*")"* c$"( t"t *e %!ted ( to te #"rt).

%ssue:eter or %ot #etto%er (* co%duct /"* "bu*!e e%oug to ("e te #etto%er* $"b$e &ord"("ge* c"u*ed to #$"%t&&.

Ruling:No. Te Su#re(e Court ru$ed t"t "%) d"("ge /c Mr. Re)e* (gt "!e *u&&ered troug

M*. (* e=erc*e o& " $egt("te rgt do%e /t% te bou%d* o& #ro#ret) "%d good &"t, (u*t be* to be"r "$o%e.

Te #$"%t&& &"$ed % #ro!%g te $$-(ot!e o& te #etto%er*. t /"* &ro( * co%&e**o% t"t/e% M*. ( "##ro"ced (, te) /ere !er) c$o*e t"t te) %e"r$) **ed e"c oter. Co%*der%gte c$o*e%e** o& de&e%d"%t ( to #$"%t&& /e% *e reue*ted te $"tter to $e"!e te #"rt), t *"##"re%t t"t te reue*t /"* (e"%t to be e"rd b) ( o%$) "%d tere cou$d "!e bee% %o %te%to%o% er #"rt to c"u*e ( e(b"rr"**(e%t. t /"* #$"%t&&* re"cto% to te reue*t t"t (u*t "!e("de te oter gue*t* "/"re o& /"t tr"%*#red bet/ee% te(. "d #$"%t&& *(#$) $e&t te #"rt) "*reue*ted, tere /"* %o %eed &or te #o$ce to t"e ( out. Tere&ore, /e &%d te #etto%er* %otgu$t) o& !o$"t%g Artc$e* 19 "%d 21 o& te C!$ Code.


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CASE NUMER 9

SP'USES ;UE #S CA

.R. No. 1/36-5, August 19, !33/

F"ct*:

Re*#o%de%t Arret" &$ed " co(#$"%t "g"%*t te *#ou*e* ue "%d Ade$" ?r"% &or te "%%u$(e%t o& "

ut c$"( o!er " $ot *e %erted &ro( er gr"%d&"ter. A&ter #etto%er* rece!ed te co(#$"%t

togeter /t te *u((o%*e*, te) red te *er!ce* o& Att). R"%ot. o/e!er, Att). R"%ot &"$ed to

&$e #etto%er* A%*/er. Tere&ore, re*#o%de%t (o!ed to dec$"re #etto%er* % de&"u$t. O%$) ?r"%

"##e"red dur%g te e"r%g o& re*#o%de%t* (oto% "%d e "$*o ("%&e*ted t"t Att). R"%ot /"* *t$$

#re#"r%g te A%*/er. Re*#o%de%t #re*e%ted er e!de%ce e= #"rte, "%d te c"*e /"* *ub(tted &or

'udg(e%t. Te ut c$"( /"* dec$"red %u$$ "%d !od. Te #etto%er* (o!ed &or reco%*der"to% or "

%e/ tr"$ o% te grou%d t"t tere /"* (*t"e "%d &r"ud "* te) /ere "$$eged$) u%der te (#re**o%

t"t ter $"/)er "d #re#"red "%d &$ed te %ece**"r) #$e"d%g. Te tr"$ court d*(**ed ter (oto%"%d *o dd te Court o& A##e"$* /e% te) "##e"$ed.

**ue:

eter or %ot te Court o& A##e"$* erred % d*(**%g #etto%er* #etto%.

Ru$%g:

Te #etto% "* %o (ert.

?%der Secto% 1, Ru$e +> o& te Ru$e* o& Court, te court (") gr"%t re$e& &ro( 'udg(e%t o%$) /e% "

'udg(e%t or &%"$ order * e%tered, or "%) oter #roceed%g * t"e% "g"%*t " #"rt) % "%) court

troug &r"ud, "ccde%t, (*t"e, or e=cu*"b$e %eg$ge%ce.D 3ec"u*e te) /ere "$$eged$) u%der te

(#re**o% t"t Att). R"%ot "d #re#"red "%d &$ed te %ece**"r) #$e"d%g, #etto%er*, % ter #etto%

&or re$e& &ro( 'udg(e%t % te tr"$ court, "$$eged t"t 'udg(e%t /"* e%tered "g"%*t te( troug

(*t"e or &r"ud.D o/e!er, t"t * %ot te &r"ud or (*t"e co%te(#$"ted u%der Secto% 1, Ru$e +> o&

te Ru$e* o& Court. M*t"e,D u%der Secto% 1 o& Ru$e +>, re&er* to (*t"e o& &"ct, %ot o& $"/, /c

re$"te* to te c"*e. Fr"ud,D o% te oter "%d, (u*t be e=tr%*c or co$$"ter"$, te %d /c#re!e%ted te "ggre!ed #"rt) &ro( "!%g " tr"$ or #re*e%t%g * c"*e to te court. Ob!ou*$),

#etto%er* (*t"e% "**u(#to% t"t Att). R"%ot "d "tte%ded to * #ro&e**o%"$ dute* * %eter

(*t"e %or &r"ud.

Moreo!er, u%der Secto% 1, %eg$ge%ceD (u*t be e=cu*"b$e "%d ge%er"$$) (#ut"b$e to te

#"rt) bec"u*e & t * (#ut"b$e to te cou%*e$, t * b%d%g o% te c$e%t. To &o$$o/ " co%tr"r) ru$e "%d

"$$o/ " #"rt) to d*o/% * cou%*e$* co%duct /ou$d re%der #roceed%g* %de&%te, te%t"t!e, "%d

*ub'ect to reo#e%%g b) te (ere *ubter&uge o& re#$"c%g cou%*e$. "t te "ggre!ed $tg"%t *ou$d


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do * *ee "d(%*tr"t!e *"%cto%* "g"%*t te err%g cou%*e$ "%d %ot "* &or te re!er*"$ o& te

court* ru$%g.

% t* c"*e, te Court "* re$"=ed te ru$e o% te b%d%g e&&ect o& cou%*e$* %eg$ge%ce "%d

"$$o/ed " $tg"%t "%oter c"%ce to #re*e%t * c"*e b"*ed o% te &o$$o/%g %*t"%ce*: 718 /ere te

rec$e** or gro** %eg$ge%ce o& cou%*e$ de#r!e* te c$e%t o& due #roce** o& $"/4 728 /e% te

"##$c"to% o& te ru$e /$$ re*u$t % outrgt de#r!"to% o& te c$e%t* $bert) or #ro#ert)4 or 7+8 /ere

te %tere*t* o& 'u*tce *o reure.D o/e!er, %o%e o& te*e e=ce#to%* "re #re*e%t % te c"*e "t b"r.

Tere&ore, #etto% (u*t be d*(**ed &or $"c o& (ert.

CASE NUMER 5

N%CAN'R T. SANT'S vs. C'URT '0 APPEA&S, C'NSUE&A' T. SANT'S


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co(#ro(*e "!e bee% ("de #ur*u"%t to Artc$e 222o& te C!$ Code, %o/ #ur*u"%t to Artc$e 151 o&

te F"($) Code.Oter/*e, te co(#$"%t (") be d*(**ed u%der Secto% 17'8, Ru$e 16 o& te Ru$e*

o& Court.Ad(tted$), te co(#$"%t &$ed % t* c"*e co%t"%* %o *uc "$$eg"to%. 3ut " co(#$"%t

oter/*e de&ect!e o% t"t *core (") be cured b) te %troducto% o& e!de%ce e&&ect!e$) *u##$)%g

te %ece**"r) "!er(e%t* o& " de&ect!e co(#$"%t.

CASE NUMER 13

REPU&%C '0 T7E P7%&%PP%NES vs. C%PR%AN' 'REC%"' %%%

.R. No. 1/-93 'cto*er /, !33/

F"ct*:

O% M") 2, 19>1, C#r"%oOrbecdo ("rred "d) M)ro* M. I$$"%ue!" "t te ?%ted Curc

o& Cr*t % te P$##%e* % "(-"%, O"(* Ct). Ter ("rr"ge /"* b$e**ed /t " *o% "%d "d"ugter, Kr*to&&erS(bortr I. Orbecdo "%d "d) K(ber$) I. Orbecdo. % 19>6, C#r"%o* /&e $e&t

&or te ?%ted St"te* br%g%g "$o%g ter *o% Kr*to&&er. A &e/ )e"r* $"ter, C#r"%o d*co!ered t"t *

/&e "d bee% %"tur"$ed "* "% A(erc"% cte%. So(et(e % 2000, C#r"%o $e"r%ed &ro( * *o%

t"t * /&e "d obt"%ed " d!orce decree "%d te% ("rred " cert"% %%oce%t St"%$e).

C#r"%o tere"&ter &$ed /t te tr"$ court " #etto% &or "utort) to re("rr) %!o%g

P"r"gr"# 2 o& Artc$e 26 o& te F"($) Code. No o##o*to% /"* &$ed. F%d%g (ert % te #etto%,

te court gr"%ted te *"(e. Te Re#ub$c, ere% #etto%er, troug te O&&ce o& te So$ctor Be%er"$

7OSB8, *ougt reco%*der"to% but t /"* de%ed.

**ue:

eter or %ot C#r"%oOrbecdo c"% re("rr) u%der Artc$e 26 o& te F"($) Code;

Ru$%g:

Te Su#re(e Court e$d t"t &or * #$e" to #ro*#er, re*#o%de%t ere% (u*t #ro!e *

"$$eg"to% t"t * /&e /"* %"tur"$ed "* "% A(erc"% cte%. e/*e, be&ore " &oreg% d!orcedecree c"% be recog%ed b) our o/% court*, te #"rt) #$e"d%g t (u*t #ro!e te d!orce "* " &"ct

"%d de(o%*tr"te t* co%&or(t) to te &oreg% $"/ "$$o/%g t. Suc &oreg% $"/ (u*t "$*o be #ro!ed "*

our court* c"%%ot t"e 'udc"$ %otce o& &oreg% $"/*. e "%) oter &"ct, *uc $"/* (u*t be "$$eged

"%d #ro!ed. Furter(ore, re*#o%de%t (u*t "$*o *o/ t"t te d!orce decree "$$o/* * &or(er /&e

to re("rr) "* *#ec&c"$$) reured % Artc$e 26. Oter/*e, tere /ou$d be %o e!de%ce *u&&ce%t to

dec$"re t"t e * c"#"ct"ted to e%ter %to "%oter ("rr"ge. Ne!erte$e**, /e "re u%"%(ou* % our

o$d%g t"t P"r"gr"# 2 o& Artc$e 26 o& te F"($) Code [email protected]. No. 209, "* "(e%ded b) @.O. No.

228, *ou$d be %ter#reted to "$$o/ " F$#%o cte%, /o "* bee% d!orced b) " *#ou*e /o "d


10/25

"cured &oreg% cte%*# "%d re("rred, "$*o to re("rr). o/e!er, co%*der%g t"t % te #re*e%t

#etto% tere * %o *u&&ce%t e!de%ce *ub(tted "%d o% record, /e "re u%"b$e to dec$"re, b"*ed o%

re*#o%de%t* b"re "$$eg"to%* t"t * /&e, /o /"* %"tur"$ed "* "% A(erc"% cte%, "d obt"%ed

" d!orce decree "%d "d re("rred "% A(erc"%, t"t re*#o%de%t * %o/ c"#"ct"ted to re("rr).

Suc dec$"r"to% cou$d o%$) be ("de #ro#er$) u#o% re*#o%de%t* *ub(**o% o& te "&ore cted

e!de%ce % * &"!or.

CASE NUMER 11

CASE NUMER 13

PE'P&E '0 T7E P7%&%PP%NES vs. 0&'RENC%' ASACA'

.R. No. 129/ Novem*er 11, !33/

F"ct*:

C"#t. F$ore%co O. B"*"c"o /"* te cre/%g ("%"ger o& Bre"t @"*ter% S##%g Age%c), %c.,

/c co(#"%) /"* e"ded b) * %e#e/. O% Augu*t , 2000 "##e$$"%t "%d Jo*e B"*"c"o /ere

c"rged /t "rge Sc"$e $$eg"$ Recrut(e%t. Te "##e$$"%t /"* "rre*ted /$e * %e#e/ re("%ed

"t $"rge. Te $o/er court &ou%d C"#t. B"*"c"o gu$t) be)o%d re"*o%"b$e doubt o& $"rge *c"$e $$eg"$

recrut(e%t. Te Court o& A##e"$* "$*o "&&r(ed te dec*o%. e%ce, C"#t. B"*"c"o "##e"$ed to te

Su#re(e Court c$"(%g t"t e c"%t be e$d $"b$e &or $$eg"$ recrut(e%t bec"u*e e /"* 'u*t " (ere

e(#$o)ee o& te ("%%%g "ge%c). e "$*o c$"(ed t"t e /"* %ot "/"re o& te $"/ "g"%*t

#robto% o% bo%d* "%d de#o*t* u%der *ecto% 60 o& te O(%bu* Ru$e* "%d Regu$"to%*

(#$e(e%t%g R.A. >02.

**ue:

eter or %ot te "##e$$"%t * gu$t) be)o%d re"*o%"b$e doubt o& $"rge *c"$e $$eg"

recrut(e%t.

Ru$%g:

Tere * %o (ert % "##e$$"%t* co%te%to% t"t e /"* 'u*t " (ere e(#$o)ee o& te ("%%%g

"ge%c) bec"u*e e /"* te co(#"%)* cre/%g ("%"ger. A* te*t&ed b) te /t%e**e*, te "ccu*ed

"##e$$"%t "ct!e$) #"rtc#"ted % te recrut(e%t #roce** &ro( rece!%g 'ob "##$c"to%*, %ter!e/%g

te "##$c"%t*, "%d %&or(%g te( o& te "ge%c)* reure(e%t o& #")(e%t o& #er&or("%ce or c"*

bo%d #ror to te de#$o)(e%t. Te Su#re(e Court e$d &urter t"t "##e$$"%t* de&e%*e o& g%or"%ce *

%ot co((e%d"b$e "* #ro!ded &or b) Artc$e + o& te C!$ Code /c *t"te* t"t g%or"%ce o& te $"/

e=cu*e* %o o%e &ro( co(#$"%ce tere/t. Te de&e%*e o& good/$$ * %eter u%"!"$"b$e bec"u*e

te "##e$$"%t &"$ed to de#$o) te co(#$"%"%t* /tout !"$d re"*o%*.


11/25

CAS@ N?M3@R 12

AA8A"A uro Part4 &ist vs. Ermita

.R. No. 1293/2 Septem*er 1, !33/

FACTS:3e&ore R.A. No. 9++ too e&&ect, #etto%er* A3AKAGA B?RO P"rt) *t, et "$., &$ed " #etto% &or#robto% o% M") 2, 2005 ue*to%%g te co%*ttuto%"$t) o& Secto%* , 5 "%d 6 o& R.A. No. 9++,"(e%d%g Secto%* 106, 10 "%d 10>, re*#ect!e$), o& te N"to%"$ %ter%"$ Re!e%ue Code 7NRC8.Secto% (#o*e* " 10L IAT o% *"$e o& good* "%d #ro#erte*, Secto% 5 (#o*e* " 10L IAT o%(#ort"to% o& good*, "%d Secto% 6 (#o*e* " 10L IAT o% *"$e o& *er!ce* "%d u*e or $e"*e o&#ro#erte*. Te*e ue*to%ed #ro!*o%* co%t"% " u%&or(# ro ! * o "utor%g te Pre*de%t, u#o%reco((e%d"to% o& te Secret"r) o& F%"%ce, to r"*e te IAT r"te to 12L, e&&ect!e J"%u"r) 1, 2006,"&ter *#ec&ed co%dto%* "!e bee% *"t*&ed. Petto%er* "rgue t"t te $"/ * u%co%*ttuto%"$.

SS?@S:

1. eter or %ot tere * " !o$"to% o& Artc$e I, Secto% 2 o& te Co%*ttuto%.

2. eter or %ot tere * u%due de$eg"to% o& $eg*$"t!e #o/er % !o$"to% o& Artc$e I Sec 2>728 o&te Co%*ttuto%.

+. eter or %ot tere * " !o$"to% o& te due #roce** "%d eu"$ #rotecto% u%der Artc$e Sec. 1o& te Co%*ttuto%.

R?NB:

1. S%ce tere * %o ue*to% t"t te re!e%ue b$$ e=c$u*!e$) org%"ted % te ou*e o&Re#re*e%t"t!e*, te Se%"te /"* "ct%g /t% t* co%*ttuto%"$ #o/er to %troduce "(e%d(e%t* tote ou*e b$$ /e% t %c$uded #ro!*o%* % Se%"te 3$$ No. 1950 "(e%d%g cor#or"te %co(e t"=e*,#erce%t"ge, "%d e=c*e "%d &r"%c*e t"=e*.

2. Tere * %o u%due de$eg"to% o& $eg*$"t!e #o/er but o%$) o& te d*creto% "* to te e=ecuto% o& "$"/. T* * co%*ttuto%"$$) #er(**b$e. Co%gre** doe* %ot "bdc"te t* &u%cto%* or u%du$) de$eg"te#o/er /e% t de*crbe* /"t 'ob (u*t be do%e, /o (u*t do t, "%d /"t * te *co#e o& *"utort)4 % our co(#$e= eco%o() t"t * &reue%t$) te o%$) /") % /c te $eg*$"t!e #roce** c"%

go &or/"rd.

+. Te #o/er o& te St"te to ("e re"*o%"b$e "%d %"tur"$ c$"**&c"to%* &or te #ur#o*e* o& t"="to%"* $o%g bee% e*t"b$*ed. eter t re$"te* to te *ub'ect o& t"="to%, te %d o& #ro#ert), te r"te*to be $e!ed, or te "(ou%t* to be r"*ed, te (etod* o& "**e**(e%t, !"$u"to% "%d co$$ecto%, teSt"te* #o/er * e%tt$ed to #re*u(#to% o& !"$dt). A* " ru$e, te 'udc"r) /$$ %ot %ter&ere /t *uc#o/er "b*e%t " c$e"r *o/%g o& u%re"*o%"b$e%e**, d*cr(%"to%, or "rbtr"r%e**.


12/25

CASE NUMER 1-

NE)PES, ET A&. vs. C'URT '0 APPEA&S

.R. No. 11/!, Septem*er 1, !33/ =EN ANC>

F"ct*:

Te #etto%er* &$ed "% "cto% &or "%%u$(e%t o& 'udg(e%t "%d tt$e* o& $"%d "%dEor reco%!e)"%ce

"%dEor re!er*o% /t #re$(%"r) %'u%cto% be&ore te RTC "g"%*t te 3ure"u o& Fore*t

Ge!e$o#(e%t, 3ure"u o& "%d*, "%d 3"% o& te P$##%e* "%d te er* o& 3er%"rdo de$ Mu%do. %

te cour*e o& te #roceed%g* bot #"rte* &$ed !"rou* (oto%* /t te RTC. A(o%g tere /ere :

718(oto% &$ed b) #etto%er* to dec$"re te re*#o%de%t er*, te 3ure"u o& "%d* "%d te 3ure"u o&

Fore*t Ge!e$o#(e%t % de&"u$t "%d 728(oto%* to d*(** &$ed b) te re*#o%de%t er* "%d te "%d

3"% o& te P$##%e*. Te tr"$ court gr"%ted te #etto%er* (oto% to dec$"re te re*#o%de%t* %

de&"u$t but de%ed "* "g"%*t te er* o& de$ Mu%do bec"u*e te *ub*ttuted *er!ce o& *u((o%*

/"* (#ro#er4 te "%d 3"%* (oto% to d*(** &or $"c o& c"u*e o& "cto% /"* de%ed4 "%d te(oto% to d*(** &$ed b) re*#o%de%t er* o& de$ Mu%do, b"*ed o% #re*cr#to%, /"* "$*o de%ed. O%

Febru"r) 12, 199> te tr"$ court d*(**ed te #etto%er* co(#$"%t o% te grou%d o& #re*cr#to%.

Petto%er* "$$eged$) rece!ed te order o& d*(**"$ o% M"rc +, 199> "%d, o% te 15t d") or o%

M"rc 1>, 199>, &$ed " (oto% &or reco%*der"to%.

O% Ju$) 1, 199>, te tr"$ court **ued "%oter order d*(**%g te (oto% &or reco%*der"to% /c

#etto%er* rece!ed o% Ju$) 22, 199>. F!e d")* $"ter, o% Ju$) 2, 199>, #etto%er* &$ed " %otce o&

"##e"$ "%d #"d te "##e"$ &ee* o% Augu*t +, 199>. O% Augu*t , 199>, te CA de%ed te %otce o&

"##e"$, o$d%g t"t t /"* &$ed egt d")* $"te. T* /"* rece!ed b) #etto%er* o% Ju$) +1, 199>.

Petto%er* &$ed " (oto% &or reco%*der"to% but t* too /"* de%ed % "% order d"ted Se#te(ber +,

199>.

SS?@: Gd te CA err % ru$%g t"t te #etto%er* Notce o& A##e"$ /"* &$ed out o& t(e;

R?NB: Te SC ru$ed % &"!or o& te #etto%er*. To *t"%d"rde te "##e"$ #erod* #ro!ded % te

Ru$e* "%d to "&&ord $tg"%t* &"r o##ortu%t) to "##e"$ ter c"*e*, te Court dee(* t #r"ctc"$ to "$$o/" &re* #erod o& 15 d")* /t% /c to &$e te %otce o& "##e"$ % te Rego%"$ Tr"$ Court, cou%ted

&ro( rece#t o& te order d*(**%g " (oto% &or " %e/ tr"$ or (oto% &or reco%*der"to%. e%ce&ort,

t* &re* #erod ru$eD *"$$ "$*o "##$) to Ru$e 0 go!er%%g "##e"$* &ro( te Mu%c#"$ Tr"$ Court*

to te Rego%"$ Tr"$ Court*4 Ru$e 2 o% #etto%* &or re!e/ &ro( te Rego%"$ Tr"$ Court* to te

Court o& A##e"$*4 Ru$e + o% "##e"$* &ro( u"*-'udc"$ "ge%ce* to te Court o& A##e"$* "%d Ru$e

5 go!er%%g "##e"$* b) certor"r to te Su#re(e Court. Te %e/ ru$e "(* to reg(e%t or ("e te

"##e"$ #erod u%&or(, to be cou%ted &ro( rece#t o& te order de%)%g te (oto% &or %e/ tr"$, (oto%

&or reco%*der"to% 7/eter &u$$ or #"rt"$8 or "%) &%"$ order or re*o$uto%.


13/25

Te #etto%er* *e"*o%"b$) &$ed ter %otce o& "##e"$ /t% te &re* #erod o& 15 d")*, cou%ted &ro(

Ju$) 22, 199>, te d"te o& rece#t o& %otce de%)%g ter (oto% &or reco%*der"to%. To rec"#tu$"te, "

#"rt) $tg"%t (") eter &$e * %otce o& "##e"$ /t% 15 d")* &ro( rece#t o& te Rego%"$ Tr"$

Court* dec*o% or &$e t /t% 15 d")* &ro( rece#t o& te order 7te &%"$ orderD8 de%)%g * (oto%

&or %e/ tr"$ or (oto% &or reco%*der"to%. Ob!ou*$), te %e/ 15-d") #erod (") be "!"$ed o& o%$) &

eter (oto% * &$ed4 oter/*e, te dec*o% beco(e* &%"$ "%d e=ecutor) "&ter te $"#*e o& teorg%"$ "##e"$ #erod #ro!ded % Ru$e 1, Secto% +. Petto%er* ere &$ed ter %otce o& "##e"$ o%

Ju$) 2, 199> or &!e d")* &ro( rece#t o& te order de%)%g ter (oto% &or reco%*der"to% o% Ju$)

22, 199>. e%ce, te %otce o& "##e"$ /"* /e$$ /t% te &re* "##e"$ #erod o& 15 d")*, "* "$re"d)

d*cu**ed.

CASE NUMER 1

%N RE: A"'PT%'N '0 STEP7AN%E ARC%A

.R. No. 19-11 Marc+ -1, !33/

F"ct*:

o%or"to 3. C"t%dg &$ed " #etto% to "do#t * (%or $$egt("te c$d Ste#"%e A*torg" B"rc". e

"!erred t"t Ste#"%e /"* bor% o% Ju%e 26, 1994 t"t Ste#"%e "d bee% u*%g er (oter*

(dd$e %"(e "%d *ur%"(e4 "%d t"t e * %o/ " /do/er "%d u"$&ed to be er "do#t%g #"re%t. e

#r")ed t"t Ste#"%e* (dd$e %"(e be c"%ged to B"rc", er (oter* *ur%"(e, "%d t"t er

*ur%"(e B"rc"D be c"%ged to C"t%dgD * *ur%"(e.

Te RTC gr"%ted te #etto% &or "do#to%, "%d ordered t"t #ur*u"%t to "rtc$e 1>9 o& te F"($)

Code, te (%or *"$$ be %o/% "* Ste#"%e N"t) C"t%dg. o%or"to &$ed " (oto% &or

c$"**&c"to% "%dEor reco%*der"to% #r")%g t"t Ste#"%e be "$$o/ed to u*e te *ur%"(e o& er

%"tur"$ (oter 7B"rc"8 "* er (dd$e %"(e. Te $o/er court de%ed #etto%er* (oto% &or

reco%*der"to% o$d%g t"t tere * %o $"/ or 'ur*#rude%ce "$$o/%g "% "do#ted c$d to u*e te

*ur%"(e o& * bo$ogc"$ (oter "* * (dd$e %"(e.

**ue:

eter or %ot "% $$egt("te c$d (") u*e te *ur%"(e o& er (oter "* er (dd$e %"(e /e%

*e * *ub*eue%t$) "do#ted b) er %"tur"$ &"ter.

Ru$%g:


14/25

O%e o& te e&&ect* o& "do#to% * t"t te "do#ted * dee(ed to be " $egt("te c$d o& te "d"#ter &or

"$$ %te%t* "%d #ur#o*e* #ur*u"%t to Artc$e 1>9 o& te F"($) Code "%d Secto% 1 o& Artc$e I o& RA

>55.

3e%g " $egt("te b) !rtue o& er "do#to%, t &o$$o/* t"t Ste#"%e * e%tt$ed to "$$ te rgt*

#ro!ded b) $"/ to " $egt("te c$d /tout d*cr(%"to% o& "%) %d, %c$ud%g te rgt to be"r te

*ur%"(e o& er &"ter "%d er (oter. T* * co%**te%t /t te %te%to% o& te (e(ber* o& te C!$

Code "%d F"($) "/ Co((ttee*. % &"ct, t * " F$#%o cu*to( t"t te %t"$ or *ur%"(e o& te

(oter *ou$d ((ed"te$) #recede te *ur%"(e o& te &"ter.

CASE NUMER 1/

#%&&A&'N vs. #%&&A&'N

.R. No. 126!32 Novem*er 19, !33/

F"ct*:

O% Ju$) 12, 1996, #etto%er J"(e F. I$$"$o% &$ed " #etto% &or te "%%u$(e%t o& * ("rr"ge to

re*#o%de%t M". Cor"o% N. I$$"$o% be&ore te Rego%"$ Tr"$ Court o& P"*g Ct) /ere t /"*

doceted "* JGRC No. +91 "%d r"&&$ed to 3r"%c 69. A* grou%d tere&or, #etto%er cted *

#*)co$ogc"$ %c"#"ct) /c e c$"(ed e=*ted e!e% #ror to * ("rr"ge.O% Se#te(ber 25, 1996,

re*#o%de%t &$ed "% "%*/erde%)%g #etto%er* "$$eg"to%*. Se "**erted t"t er 1>-)e"r ("rr"ge

to #etto%er "* bee% &rut&u$ "%d c"r"ctered b) 'o), co%te%t(e%t "%d o#e* &or (ore gro/t %

ter re$"to%*#D "%d t"t ter ("rt"$ *u"bb$e* /ere %or("$ b"*ed o% co((u%t) *t"%d"rd*.

Petto%er* *ucce** % * #ro&e**o%"$ $&e "ded ( % #er&or(%g * ro$e "* u*b"%d, &"ter, "%d

#ro!der. Re*#o%de%t c$"(ed t"t #etto%er* co((t(e%t to * #"ter%"$ "%d ("rt"$ re*#o%*b$te*

/"* be)o%d re#ro"c.

Petto%er #re*e%ted Gr. N"t!d"d G")"%, " c$%c"$ #*)co$og*t, to te*t&) o% * "$$eged

#*)co$ogc"$ d*order o& N"rc***tc *tro%c Per*o%"$t) G*orderD /t C"*"%o!" Co(#$e=D. Gr

G")"% de*crbed te *"d d*order "* " #er!"*!e ("$"d"#t"to% % ter(* o& %ter#er*o%"$ "%d

occu#"to%"$ &u%cto%%gD /t ("% *)(#to(* o& gr"%d de"to% "bout o%e*e$&, *e$&-ce%tered%e**t%%g e * u%ue "%d /"%t%g to "$/")* be te o%e &o$$o/ed, te #er*o%"$t).D A #er*o% "&&$cted

/t t* d*order be$e!e* t"t e * e%tt$ed to gr"t&) * e(oto%"$ "%d *e=u"$ &ee$%g* "%d tu*

e%g"ge* % *er"$ %&de$te*. e/*e, " #er*o% /t C"*"%o!" Co(#$e=D e=bt* "btu"

"du$terou* be"!or "%d goe* &ro( o%e re$"to%*# to "%oter.

Petto%er &$ed " (oto% &or reco%*der"to% o& te "##e$$"te court* dec*o% /c /"* de%ed % "%

order d"ted October 2>, 200. Tu*, #etto%er too t* recour*e u%der Ru$e 5 o& te Ru$e* o&


15/25

Court, "**ert%g t"t te Court o& A##e"$* erred % &%d%g t"t e &"$ed to #ro!e * #*)co$ogc"$

%c"#"ct) u%der Artc$e +6 o& te F"($) Code.

**ue:

eter or %ot te ("rr"ge o& I$$"$o% * %u$$ "%d !od o% te grou%d* o& #*)co$ogc"$ %c"#"ct) o&

te u*b"%d.

Ru$%g:

No, te tot"$t) o& te e!de%ce % t* c"*e doe* %ot *u##ort " &%d%g t"t #etto%er *

#*)co$ogc"$$) %c"#"ct"ted to &u$&$$ * ("rt"$ ob$g"to%*. O% te co%tr"r), /"t * e!de%t * te

&"ct t"t #etto%er /"* " good u*b"%d to re*#o%de%t &or " *ub*t"%t"$ #erod o& t(e #ror to ter

*e#"r"to%, " $o!%g &"ter to ter c$dre% "%d " good #ro!der o& te &"($). A$toug e e%g"ged %

("rt"$ %&de$t) % "t $e"*t t/o occ"*o%*, te *"(e doe* %ot "##e"r to be *)(#to("tc o& " gr"!e

#*)co$ogc"$ d*order /c re%dered ( %c"#"b$e o& #er&or(%g * *#ou*"$ ob$g"to%*. Te

*"(e "##e"r* "* te re*u$t o& " ge%er"$ d**"t*&"cto% /t * ("rr"ge r"ter t"% " #*)co$ogc"

d*order rooted % #etto%er* #er*o%"$ *tor). Te #etto% "* %o (ert.

CASE NUMER 12

MAR) J'SEP7%NE 'ME? and EUEN%A S'C'RR' C. 'ME?


16/25

e=ecuto% u%der Artc$e 155 o& te F"($) Code. Re*#o%de%t* "**ert t"t te ou*e "%d $ot /"*

co%*ttuted 'o%t$) b) %"o% "%d M"rett" "* ter &"($) o(e &ro( te t(e te) occu#ed t % 192

**ue:

eter or %ot te #ro#ert) c"% be *o$d.

Ru$%g:

9. A )e"r $"ter

te) begot Jo*e Ber"rdo. O% Gece(ber 19, 1991, Ber"rdo &$ed " #etto% to "%%u$ * ("rr"ge to

M". Tere*" o% te grou%d o& bg"(). T* /"* bec"u*e t /"* &ou%d out t"t M". Tere*" "d

"$re"d) ("rred " M"ro Bo#"o %%e )e"r* be&ore ter ("rr"ge. Suc ("rr"ge o& M". Tere*" to

M"ro /"* %e!er "%%u$$ed. Te tr"$ court ru$ed t"t Ber"rdo "%d M". Tere*"* ("rr"ge /"*

bg"(ou* "%d t"t er ("rr"ge to M"ro * !"$d "%d *ub**t%g. t dec$"red te c$d "* be%g

$$egt("te. Te Court o& A##e"$* "&&r(ed te $o/er court* dec*o% but o% "##e"$, re!er*ed t* ru$%g

"%d e$d t"t Jo*e Ber"rdo /"* %ot te *o% o& M". Tere*" b) Ber"rdo but b) M"ro dur%g er &r*t

("rr"ge.


17/25

**ue*:

"8 eter or %ot te c$d bor% out o& " bg"(ou* ("rr"ge * co%*dered $egt("te.

b8 eter or %ot Ber"rdo cou$d "**"$ Jo*e Ber"rdo* $egt("c).

Ru$%g:

, 1990. Tere&ore, te c$d Jo*e Ber"rdo u%der te $"/ * te

$egt("te c$d o& te $eg"$ "%d *ub**t%g ("rr"ge bet/ee% M". Tere*" "%d M"ro Bo#"o4 e

c"%%ot be dee(ed to be te $$egt("te c$d o& te !od "%d %o%-e=*te%t ("rr"ge bet/ee% M".

Tere*" "%d Ber"rdo.Te *t"tu* "%d &$"to% o& " c$d c"%%ot be co(#ro(*ed. Artc$e 16 o& teF"($) Code * c$e"r. A c$d /o * co%ce!ed or bor% dur%g te ("rr"ge o& * #"re%t* * $egt("te.

A* " gu"r"%t) % &"!or o& te c$d "%d to #rotect * *t"tu* o& $egt("c), Artc$e 16 o& te F"($)

Code #ro!de* t"t te c$d *"$$ be co%*dered $egt("te "$toug te (oter (") "!e dec$"red

"g"%*t t* $egt("c) or (") "!e bee% *e%te%ced "* "% "du$tere**.

No, Ber"rdo * %ot % " #o*to% to "**"$ Jo*e Ber"rdo* $egt("c). e "* %o *t"%d%g % $"/ to

d*#ute te *t"tu* o& Jo*e Ber"rdo. O%$) M". Tere*"* u*b"%d M"ro or, % " #ro#er c"*e, *

er*, /o c"% co%te*t te $egt("c) o& te c$d Jo*e Ber"rdo bor% to * /&e.(#ug%%g te$egt("c) o& " c$d * " *trct$) #er*o%"$ rgt o& te u*b"%d or, % e=ce#to%"$ c"*e*, * er*. S%ce

te ("rr"ge o& Ber"rdo "%d M". Tere*" /"* !od &ro( te !er) beg%%%g4 e %e!er bec"(e er

u*b"%d "%d tu* %e!er "cured "%) rgt to (#ug% te $egt("c) o& er c$d.

CASE NUMER 19

E&EN SAA" ANE&ES vs. A&E&% @C'RA?'N ANE&ES MA&A)A

.R. No. 1/-659 Septem*er !, !33/

F"ct*:

Fr"%c*co M. A%ge$e* ded %te*t"te o% J"%u"r) 21, 199> % te Ct) o& M"%$", $e"!%g be%d &our

#"rce$* o& $"%d "%d " bu$d%g, "(o%g oter !"$u"b$e #ro#erte*. Re*#o%de%t A$e$ c$"(* t"t *e *

te *o$e $egt("te c$d o& te dece"*ed "%d Be%o!e!" Merc"do, "%d, togeter /t #etto%er, 3e$e%

S. A%ge$e*, decede%t* /&e b) * *eco%d ("rr"ge, "re te *ur!!%g er* o& te decede%t. For t*

("tter, re*#o%de%t #r")* t"t *e be ("de "d(%*tr"tr= o& Fr"%c*co* e*t"te. Petto%er 3e$e%


18/25

o##o*ed re*#o%de%t* c$"(, "$$eg%g t"t te re*#o%de%t cou$d %ot be te d"ugter o& Fr"%c*co &or,

"$toug *e /"* recorded "* Fr"%c*co* $egt("te d"ugter, te corre*#o%d%g brt cert&c"te /"*

%ot *g%ed b) (. 3e$e% #etto%er &urter "$$eged t"t re*#o%de%t, de*#te er c$"( o& be%g te

$egt("te c$d o& Fr"%c*co "%d Be%o!e!" Merc"do, "* %ot #re*e%ted te ("rr"ge co%tr"ct

bet/ee% er *u##o*ed #"re%t* or #roduced "%) "cce#t"b$e docu(e%t to #ro!e *uc u%o%.

**ue:

eter or %ot re*#o%de%t A$e$ cou$d !"$d$) c$"( t"t *e * te $egt("te d"ugter o& Fr"%c*co

A%ge$e*.

Ru$%g:

No, re*#o%de%t* $egt("c) /"* (#ug%ed, "%d &or &"$%g to e*t"b$* te #re*u(#to% o& er

$egt("c), *e cou$d %ot !"$d$) c$"( t"t *e * te $egt("te c$d o& te dece"*ed. Te

#re*u(#to% o& $egt("c) u%der Artc$e 16 o& te F"($) Code (") be "!"$ed o%$) u#o% co%!%c%g

#roo& o& te &"ctu"$ b"**- t"t te c$d* #"re%t* /ere $eg"$$) ("rred "%d t"t *Eer co%ce#to% or

brt occurred dur%g te *ub**te%ce o& t"t ("rr"ge. % te c"*e "t b"r, re*#o%de%t &"$ed to #ro!e

*uc $eg"$ ("rr"ge o& er #"re%t*, &or *e &"$ed to *o/ "%) ("rr"ge cert&c"te or ("rr"ge

co%tr"ct. Se &"$ed to #re*e%t "%) #re*t, 'udge, (")or, or oter *o$e(%%g "utort) to te /t%e**

bo= to dec$"re t"t e *o$e(%ed te ("rr"ge bet/ee% er #"re%t*. C$e"r$), tere&ore

re*#o%de%t cou$d %ot be !e*ted /t te $eg"$ #re*u(#to% o& $egt("c) /c, "* "bo!e e=#$"%ed,

*ou$d &$o/ &ro( " $"/&u$ ("rr"ge bet/ee% Fr"%c*co "%d Be%e!o!".

Artc$e 12 o& te F"($) Code #ro!de* t"t te $egt("te &$"to% o& " c$d c"% be e*t"b$*ed b)

"%) o& te (ode* tere% de&%ed e!e% /tout drect e!de%ce o& te ("rr"ge o& *Eer *u##o*ed

#"re%t*. 3ut re*#o%de%t &"$ed to #ro!e er $egt("c) e!e% % t* "*#ect. Re*#o%de%t #re*e%ted, %

*u##ort o& er c$"( o& $egt("c), " co#) o& er 3rt Cert&c"te d"ted No!e(ber 2+, 19+9 **ued b)

te C!$ Reg*tr"r o& te Ct) o& M"%$". 3ut *uc brt cert&c"te /"* %ot *g%ed b) er #ut"t!e

&"ter. Jur*#rude%ce te"ce* t"t " brt cert&c"te, to be co%*dered "* !"$d"t%g #roo& o& #"ter%t)

"%d "* "% %*tru(e%t o& recog%to%, (u*t be *g%ed b) te &"ter "%d (oter 'o%t$), or b) te (oter

"$o%e & te &"ter re&u*e*.

CASE NUMER 15

PA&'


19/25

Cr*"%to R"&"e$to B. Bu"$berto I &$ed be&ore te RTC " #etto% &or dec$"r"to% o& %u$$t) o& *

("rr"ge to Jo)ce$)% /E "% "%c$$"r) #r")er &or cu*tod) #e%de%te $te o& ter "$(o*t )e"r o$d *o%,

R"&"e$$o, /o( er /&e too "/") /E er &ro( ter co%'ug"$ o(e "%d * *coo$ /e% *e $e&t (.

Te RTC gr"%ted te "%c$$"r) #r")er &or cu*tod) #e%de%te $te, *%ce te /&e &"$ed to "##e"r

de*#te %otce. A ou*e e$#er o& te *#ou*e* te*t&ed t"t te (oter doe* %ot c"re &or te c$d "*

*e !er) o&te% goe* out o& te ou*e "%d e!e% *"/ er *$"##%g te c$d. A%oter /t%e** te*t&ed

t"t "&ter *ur!e$$"%ce e &ou%d out t"t te /&e * "!%g $e*b"% re$"to%*.

Te 'udge **ued te "**"$ed order re!er*%g er #re!ou* order, "%d t* t(e "/"rded te

cu*tod) o& te c$d to te (oter. F%d%g t"t te re"*o% *t"ted b) Cr*"%to %ot to be " co(#e$$%g

re"*o% "* #ro!ded % Art 21+ o& te F"($) Code.

**ue:

eter or %ot te cu*tod) o& te (%or c$d *ou$d be "/"rded to te (oter.

Ru$%g:

Artc$e 21+ o& te F"($) Code #ro!ded: Art 21+. % c"*e o& *e#"r"to% o& #"re%t* #"re%t"$

"utort) *"$$ be e=erc*ed b) te #"re%t de* gr"%ted b) te court. Te court *"$$ t"e %to "ccou%t

"$$ re$e!"%t co%*der"to%, e*#ec"$$) te coce o& te c$d o!er *e!e% )e"r* o& "ge, u%$e** te

#"re%t co*e% * u%&t.D No c$d u%der *e!e% )r* o& "ge *"$$ be *e#"r"ted &ro( te (oter u%$e**te court &%d* co(#e$$%g re"*o%* to order oter/*e,D T* Court "* e$d t"t /e% te #"re%t*

*e#"r"ted, $eg"$$) or oter/*e, te &orego%g #ro!*o% go!er%* te cu*tod) o& ter c$d. Artc$e 21+

t"e* t* be"r%g &ro( Artc$e +6+ o& te C!$ Code, /c re"d*: Art +6+. % "$$ ue*to% o% te c"re,

cu*tod), educ"to% "%d #ro#ert) #& c$dre%, te $"tter /e$&"re *"$$ be #"r"(ou%t. No (oter *"$$ be

*e#"r"ted &ro( er c$d u%der *e!e% )e"r* o& "ge, u%$e** te court &%d* co(#e$$%g re"*o% &or *uc

(e"*ure.D

CASE NUMER !3

RE: 7A%TUA& TAR"%NESS '0 MRS. CA&%NA'

CASE NUMER !1

AN'N)M'US C'MP&A%NT AA%NST S7ER%00 %SNAR


20/25

CASE NUMER !!

ARAN"%&&A JR. #S. MAU%N"ANA' E&ECTR%C C''PERAT%#E

CASE NUMER !-

E00ECT '0 REPEA&%N &A( 'N &A( 0%RST REPEA&E"ARC%A vs. SAN"%ANA)AN

.R. No. 12/9-/ June !!, !33/

0acts:T* * " #etto% &$ed b) C$"rt" B"rc", /&e or retred M"'or Be%er"$ C"r$o* F. B"rc", /t

"##$c"to% &or %'u%ct!e re$e& % order **ued b) te Fourt G!*o% o& S"%dg"%b")"% de%)%g te(oto% to u"* or d*(** C!$ C"*e No. 019+. T* * " *ut &or te &or&eture co((e%ced b) teRe#ub$c "g"%*t #etto%er "%d er ((ed"te &"($).

Te &or&eture *ut /"* to reco!er u%$"/&u$$) "cured &u%d* "%d #ro#erte* t"t te B"rc"*"$$eged$) "cure* "%d "("**ed. Te% Re#ub$c te% &$ed te S"%dg"%b")"% troug te OM3 "#etto% &or &or&eture o& to*e "$$eged u%$"/&u$$) "cure* #ro#erte* o& te B"rc"*. Te c"*e /"*doceted "* c!$ c"*e 019+7&or&eture 8 "%d *ub*eue%t$) "%oter c"*e o& &or&eture %!o$!%g te*"(e #"rte* /"* &$ed doceted "* C!$ C"*e 01967&or&eture 8. Tu* te t/o c"*e* /ereco%*o$d"ted &or co%!e%e%ce "%d c$"rt). 3e&ore te &$%g o& For&eture but *ub*eue%t to te &$%go& For&eture , te OM3 c"rged te B"rc"* /t !o$"to% o& RA 0>07#$u%der8 "%d te c"*e r"&&$edto te *eco%d d!*o% o& S3. Te #$u%der c"rge co!ered *ub*t"%t"$$) te *"(e #ro#erte* de%t&ed% bot For&eture "%d .

Petto%er %o/ co%te%d*, "&ter de%)%g tere (oto% to d*(** te For&eture c"*e, t"t te

#$u%der c"*e "%d te For&eture c"*e *ou$d be co%*o$d"ted % te *eco%d d!*o% o& S3 #ur*u"% toR >29. O% M") 20, 2005, te S3 t G!*o% de%ed te (oto% &or te re"*o% t"t te &or&eturec"*e * %ot te corre*#o%d%g c!$ "cto% &or te reco!er) o& c!$ $"b$t) "r*%g &ro( te cr(%"$ c"*eo& #$u%der.

%ssue:eter or %ot te S"%dg"%b")"% "* 'ur*dcto% o!er #etto%* &or &or&eture u%der RA 1+9.

Ruling:Te S"%dg"%b")"% "* 'ur*dcto% o!er &or&eture #roceed%g* #ur*u"%t to RA 1+9

For&eture #roceed%g* "re "cto%* % re( "%d c!$ % %"ture. t * " d!e*tture o& #ro#ert) /tout

co(#e%*"to% % co%*eue%ce o& "% o&&e%*e.

CASE NUMER !

'00%CE '0 T7E 'MU"SMAN vs. C'URT '0 APPEA&S.R. No. 1292 Marc+ , !33/

0acts:Te e%u(er"to% % te Co%*ttuto% o& te (#e"c"b$e o&&cer* * e=c$u*!e. Te O(bud*("%


21/25

* o%$) o%e ("%, %ot %c$ud%g * Ge#ute*. Tu*, o%$) te O(bud*("%, %ot * de#ute*, *(#e"c"b$e.

O% 29 Gece(ber 1999, t/e%t)- t/o o&&c"$* "%d e(#$o)ee* o& te O&&ce o& te Ge#ut)O(bud*("% &or te I*")"*, $ed b) t* t/o drector*, &$ed " co(#$"%t /t te O&&ce o& teO(bud*("% reue*t%g "% %!e*tg"to% o% te b"** o& "$$eg"to%* t"t te% Ge#ut) O(bud*("% &orte I*")"*, ere% #r!"te re*#o%de%t Arturo Mo'c", co((tted 718 *e=u"$ "r"**(e%t "g"%*t R")!P"du"- I"ro%", (u$ct%g (o%e) &ro( co%&de%t"$ e(#$o)ee*: J"(e* A$uet" "%d @de% K"(co "%d

7+8 o##re**o% "g"%*t "$$ e(#$o)ee* % %ot re$e"*%g P,200.00 % be%e&t* o& OM3- I*")"*e(#$o)ee* o% te d"te te *"d "(ou%t /"* due &or re$e"*e. F"ct-&%d%g %!e*tg"to% /"*co%ducted b) te O&&ce o& te O(bud*("% "%d te re#ort /"* re&erred b) te O(bud*("% to "co%*ttuted Co((ttee o& Peer* /c %t"$$) reco((e%ded t"t te %!e*tg"to% be co%!erted %too%e *o$e$) &or #ur#o*e* o& (#e"c(e%t. o/e!er, t* reco((e%d"to% /"* de%ed b) te O&&ce o&te O(bud*("% "%d &o$$o/%g te *t"%d o& te O&&ce o& te O(bud*("% t"t te Ge#ut)O(bud*(e% "%d Te S#ec"$ Pro*ecutor "re %ot re(o!"b$e troug (#e"c(e%t. O% 1> Gece(ber2000, de*#te te e=#r"to% o& #r!"te re*#o%de%t Mo'c"* ter( o& o&&ce, te Court o& A##e"$*%e!erte$e** re%dered te "**"$ed Gec*o% o% te grou%d* o& #ub$c %tere*t. CA ru$ed t"t teGe#ut) O(bud*("% * "% (#e"c"b$e o&&cer. Tu*, OM3* "##e"$.

%ssues:"8 eter or %ot te O(bud*("%* Ge#ute* "re (#e"c"b$e.b8 eter or %ot te Ge#ut) O(bud*("% (") be e$d cr(%"$$) "%dEor "d(%*tr"t!e$) $"b$e.

Ruling:Order o& te CA * re!er*ed "%d *et "*de. Te co(#$"%t* % Cr(%"$ C"*e No.OM3-0-00-

0616 "%d Ad(%*tr"t!e C"*e No. OM3-AGM-0-00-0+16 * re%*t"ted "%d te O&&ce o& teO(bud*("% * ordered to #roceed /t te %!e*tg"to% re$"t!e to te "bo!e c"*e*. Te Ge#ut)O(bud*("% * %ot "% (#e"c"b$e o&&cer. Sec. 2, Artc$e o& te 19> Co%*ttuto% *t"te* t"t TePre*de%t, te Ice- Pre*de%t, te (e(ber* o& te Su#re(e Court, te (e(ber* o& te Co%*ttuto%"Co((**o%* "%d te O(bud*("% (") be re(o!ed &ro( o&&ce, o% (#e"c(e%t &or, "%d co%!cto%

o&, cu$#"b$e !o$"to% o& te Co%*ttuto%, tre"*o%, brber), gr"&t "%d corru#to%, oter g cr(e*, orbetr")"$ o& #ub$c tru*t. A$$ oter #ub$c o&&cer* "%d e(#$o)ee* (") be re(o!ed &ro( O&&ce "*#ro!ded b) $"/, but %ot b) (#e"c(e%tD.

Record* o& te Co%*ttuto%"$ Co((**o%, "* /e$$ "* te o#%o%* o& $e"d%g co((e%t"tor* %Co%*ttuto%"$ "/ re!e"$ t"t te ter( O(bud*("% % Sec. 2, Artc$e o& te 19> Co%*ttuto%re&er to te r"% % t*e$&. Te O(bud*("% * o%$) o%e ("%, %ot %c$ud%g * Ge#ute*. e"d%g $eg"$$u(%"re* o% te Co%*ttuto% "re o%e % ter o#%o% "* to /eter or %ot te Ge#ut) O(bud*("% *(#e"c"b$e. A$$ o& te( "gree t"t te e%u(er"to% (#e"c"b$e o&&cer* % Secto% 2, Artc$e o&te 19>6 Co%*ttuto%, "re e=c$u*!e. % ter be$e&, o%$) te O(bud*("%, %ot * de#ute*, *(#e"c"b$e. Tu*, /ere te **ue %!o$!ed /"* %ot r"*ed %or #re*e%ted to te court "%d %ot

#"**ed u#o% b) te court % te #re!ou* c"*e, te dec*o% % te #re!ou* c"*e * %ot *t"re dec**o& te ue*to% #re*e%ted.

Cr(%"$ "%d Ad(%*tr"t!e "b$t) o& Ge#ut) O(bud*("% A* to /eter or %ot te #r!"tere*#o%de%t, te% Ge#ut) O(bud*("% &or te I*")"*, (") be e$d cr(%"$$) "%dEor "d(%*tr"t!e$)$"b$e, /e $e/*e re*o$!e te **ue % &"!or o& te #etto%er. Te ru$e t"t "% (#e"c"b$e o&&cerc"%%ot be cr(%"$$) #ro*ecuted &or te *"(e o&&e%*e* /c co%*ttute grou%d* &or (#e"c(e%t#re*u##o*e* * co%t%u"%ce % o&&ce. e%ce, te (o(e%t e * %o $o%ger % o&&ce bec"u*e o& *re(o!"$, re*g%"to%, or #er("%e%t d*"b$t), tere c"% be %o b"r to * cr(%"$ #ro*ecuto% % tecourt*. Nor doe* retre(e%t b"r "% "d(%*tr"t!e %!e*tg"to% &ro( #roceed%g "g"%*t te #r!"tere*#o%de%t, g!e% t"t, "* #o%ted out b) te #etto%er, te &or(er* retre(e%t be%e&t* "!e bee%


22/25

#$"ced o% o$d % !e/ o& te #ro!*o%* o& Secto%* 12 "%d 1+ o& te A%t-Br"&t "%d Corru#t Pr"ctce* Act.

CASE NUMER !/

A)A&A C'RP'RAT%'N vs. R'SA


23/25

Petto%er /"* ("rred to C"r("%e Fe$= o% Ju%e 16, 19+. A&ter 2 )e"r* o& ("rr"ge "%d"!%g &our c$dre%, #etto%er &$ed " #etto% &or %u$$t) o& ("rr"ge o% grou%d o& #*)co$ogc"$%c"#"ct). C"r("%e o% te oter "%d &$ed " cr(%"$ co(#$"%t &or co%cub%"ge "g"%*t #etto%er"%d * #"r"(our. To &ore*t"$$ te **u"%ce o& " /"rr"%t o& "rre*t &ro( te cr(%"$ co(#$"%t,#etto%er &$ed &or te *u*#e%*o% o& te cr(%"$ c"*e o% co%cub%"ge "rgu%g t"t te c!$ c"*e &orte %u$$&c"to% o& ter ("rr"ge * " #re'udc"$ ue*to%.

%ssue:

eter or %ot te c!$ c"*e &or %u$$t) o& ("rr"ge u%der #*)co$ogc"$ %c"#"ct) * "#re'udc"$ ue*to% to te cr(%"$ c"*e o& co%cub%"ge.

Ruling:Te r"to%"$e o% te e=*te%ce o& #re'udc"$ ue*to%* * to "!od t/o co%&$ct%g **ue*. t*

reu*te* "re 18 t"t " c!$ "cto% %!o$!e* "% **ue *($"r or %t("te$) re$"ted to te **ue % tecr(%"$ "cto% "%d 28 te re*o$uto% o& te **ue deter(%e* /eter or %ot te cr(%"$ "cto% /$$#roceed. % te #re*e%t c"*e, te "ccu*ed %eed %ot #re*e%t " &%"$ 'udg(e%t dec$"r%g * ("rr"ge!od &or e c"% "dduce e!de%ce % te cr(%"$ c"*e o& te %u$$t) o& * ("rr"ge oter t"% te #roo&o& " &%"$ 'udg(e%t. More (#ort"%t$), #"rte* to " ("rr"ge *ou$d %ot be "$$o/ed to 'udge &orte(*e$!e* t* %u$$t), &or te *"(e (u*t be *ub(tted to te co(#ete%t court*. So $o%g "* tere * %o

*uc &%"$ 'udg(e%t te #re*u(#to% * t"t te ("rr"ge e=*t* &or "$$ %te%t* "%d #ur#o*e*. Tere&oree /o co"bt* /t " /o("% %ot * /&e r** be%g #ro*ecuted &or co%cub%"ge.

CASE NUMER !6

ES' vs. "AUMANA.M. No. MTJ


24/25

.R. No. 1-9/35 Jul4 -1, !333

0acts:O% October 21, 19>5, re*#o%de%t co%tr"cted " &r*t ("rr"ge /t o%e M"r" Gu$ce J"!er.

tout *"d ("rr"ge "!%g bee% "%%u$$ed te *"(e re*#o%de%t co%tr"cted " *eco%d ("rr"ge /t#etto%er (e$d" M"rbe$$"- 3ob* o% J"%u"r) 25, 1996 "%d "$$eged$) " trd ("rr"ge /t " cert"%Ju$" S"$$) er%"%de. 3"*ed o% #etto%er* co(#$"%t " % %&or("to% &or bg"() /"* &$e* "g"%*tre*#o%de%t. So(et(e tere"&ter, re*#o%de%t %t"ted " c!$ "cto% &or te 'udc"$ dec$"r"to% o&

"b*o$ute %u$$t) o& * &r*t ("rr"ge o% te grou%d t"t t /"* ce$ebr"ted /tout " ("rr"ge $ce%*e.Re*#o%de%t &$ed " (oto% to *u*#e%d te #roceed%g* % te cr(%"$ c"*e &or bg"() %!o%g te#e%d%g c!$ c"*e "* " #re'udc"$ ue*to%.

%ssue:eter or %ot te #e%de%c) o& te c!$ c"*e &or dec$"r"to% o& %u$$t) o& te ("rr"ge #o*ed "

#re'udc"$ ue*to% to te deter(%"to% o& te cr(%"$ c"*e o& re*#o%de%t

Ruling:Te Su#re(e Court ordered te Tr"$ Court to ((ed"te$) #roceed /t te Cr(%"$ C"*e. A

#e%d%g c!$ c"*e * %ot " #re'udc"$ ue*to%. A #re'udc"$ ue*to% * o%e /c "r*e* % " c"*e te

re*o$uto% o& /c * " $ogc"$ "%tecede%t o& te **ue %!o$!ed tere%. t * " ue*to% b"*ed o% "&"ct d*t%ct "%d *e#"r"te &ro( te cr(e but *o %t("te$) co%%ected /t t t"t t deter(%e* te gu$tor %%oce%ce o& te "ccu*ed.

CASE NUMER !5

&AUREAN' vs. C'URT '0 APPEA&S.R. No. 11662 0e*ruar4 !, !333

0acts:Me%"%dro "ure"%o /"* e(#$o)ed /t te S%g"#ore Ar$%e* (ted o% 199. o/e!er

bec"u*e o& te rece**o% t"t t te Ar$%e %du*tr) *o(et(e % 19>2, Ge&e%d"%t Co(#"%) %t"tedco*t-cutt%g (e"*ure* *uc "* ter(%"t%g t* A-+00 #$ot* %c$ud%g te #$"%t&&. Sub*eue%t$)#$"%t&& &$ed " c"*e o& $$eg"$ d*(**"$ "g"%*t de&e%d"%t. "ure"%o te% cted S%g"#ore "/* to *c"*e *%ce e /"* e(#$o)ed % te S%g"#ore Ar$%e* td.

%ssue:"8 eter or %ot S%g"#ore"% "/* *"$$ be "##$ed % t* c"*e.b8 eter or %ot tere /"* $$eg"$ d*(**"$ o% te #"rt o& S%g"#ore Ar$%e* td.

Ruling:Te Su#re(e Court e$d t"t &oreg% $"/* (u*t be #ro!ed "* &"ct % order to e(#$o) te(. Te

#$"%t&& /"* %ot "b$e to #ro!e te "##$c"b$t) o& te $"/* o& S%g"#ore t"t e cted to * c"*e.?%der te #r%c#$e o& #roce**u"$ #re*u(#to%, & &oreg% $"/* "re %ot #ro!ed "* &"ct* t /$$ be#re*u(ed "* te *"(e "* our*. e%ce, P$##%e "/* *ou$d "##$). Furter, u%der Artc$e 291 o&te "bor Code o& te P$##%e*, te #etto%er* "cto% &or d"("ge* due to $$eg"$ d*(**"$ "*"$re"d) #re*crbed "!%g bee% &$ed o% J"%u"r) >, 19>, or (ore t"% &our 78 )e"r* "&ter tee&&ect!e d"te "* #re*crbed.


25/25

CASE NUMER -3

T) vs. C'URT '0 APPEA&S.R. No. 1!632 Novem*er !6, !333

0acts:% 19, #r!"te re*#o%de%t @dg"rdo Re)e* ("rred A%" M"r" Reg%" I$$"%ue!" % " c!$

cere(o%). A curc /edd%g e%*ued. o/e!er, te Ju!e%$e "%d Go(e*tc Re$"t!e* /"%t to dec$"re

ter ("rr"ge %u$$ "%d !od "b %to $"c o& " !"$d ("rr"ge $ce%*e. Te curc /edd%g /"* "$*odec$"red %u$$ "%d !od "b %to &or $"c o& co%*e%t o& te #"rte*.

% 199, be&ore te decree /"* **ued %u$$&)%g * ("rr"ge to A%%" M"r", @dg"rdo Re)e*("rred O&e$" T) % " cere(o%) o&&c"ted b) " 'udge, te% " curc /edd%g &o$$o/ed. % 1991,@dg"rdo re)e* &$ed " c!$ c"*e /t te Rego%"$ Tr"$ Court #r")%g t"t * ("rr"ge /t O&e$" bedec$"red %u$$ "%d !od o% te grou%d t"t ere /"* %o ("rr"ge $ce%*e /e% te) got ("rred. e"$*o "!erred "t t"t t(e e ("rred O&e$", te decree o& %u$$t) o& te ("rr"ge to A%%" M"r" /"*re%dered o%$) /e% * c!$ ("rr"ge to #etto%er, O&e$" T), %u$$ "%d !od "b %to. Te Court o&

A##e"$* "&&r(ed te dec*o%

%ssue:eter or %ot te decree o& %u$$t) o& te &r*t ("rr"ge * reured be&ore " *ub*eue%t

("rr"ge c"% be e%tered %to !"$d$)

Ruling:Te *eco%d ("rr"ge o& #r!"te re*#o%de%t /"* e%tered %to % 199, be&ore te c"*e o&

ege$. At t"t t(e, te #re!"$%g ru$e /"* &ou%d % Od")"t, Me%do" "%d Ar"go%, /ere% tere/"* %o %eed &or 'udc"$ dec$"r"to% o& %u$$t) o& " ("rr"ge &or $"c o& $ce%*e "%d co%*e%t, be&ore*uc #er*o% (") co%tr"ct " *eco%d ("rr"ge. Te &r*t ("rr"ge o& #r!"te re*#o%de%t be%g !od &or$"c o& $ce%*e "%d co%*e%t, tere /"* %o %eed &or 'udc"$ dec$"r"to% o& t* %u$$t) be&ore e cou$dco%tr"ct " *eco%d ("rr"ge. % t* c"*e tere&ore, te Court co%c$uded t"t #r!"te re*#o%de%t*

*eco%d ("rr"ge to O&e$" T) * !"$d.

Moreo!er, te #ro!*o% o& te F"($) Code c"%%ot be retro"ct!e$) "##$ed /ere to do *o/ou$d #re'udce te !e*ted rgt* o& " #"rt) "%d er c$dre%. A* e$d % J*o% !er*u* Court o&

A##e"$*, te F"($) Code "* retro"ct!e e&&ect u%$e** tere * (#"r(e%t o& !e*ted rgt*.

Petto% gr"%ted, 'udg(e%t "%d re*o$uto% dec$"red !"$d "%d *ub**t%g.

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