savage geotagging- shane barriscale
TRANSCRIPT
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CS6031-InteractiveMediainSociety CristianoStorni
Mappingsocio-technicalissues
SavageGeotagging
ByInteractiveMediaMAstudents:
PaulO’Connor Chapter1............................................................ Timeline
MichaelParry Chapter2..... ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. . Controversy
ShaneBarriscale Chapter3............................................................ FromSavageToEveryday
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Chapter1
Timeline
TableofContents
Introduction........................................................................................................ page3
1994JEIDA.......................................................................................................... page3
1995CasioDSCQV-10........................................................................................ page3
1995AppleDevelopsW.A.L.T............................................................................ page4
1997FirstGPScamera........................................................................................ page4
1999BenefonEsc!............................................................................................. page5
2000SharpJ-SH04.............................................................................................. page5
2001Exif............................................................................................................. page6
2002NikonD1H.................................................................................................. page6
2003Cameraphonespop................................................................................... page6
2003Myspace..................................................................................................... page7
2004Facebook.................................................................................................... page7
2006worldofmobilephones............................................................................. page7
2006Twitter........................................................................................................ page8
2007Iphone........................................................................................................ page8
2007Technologicalconvergence........................................................................ page8
2008AppleiPhone3G......................................................................................... page9
2009AppleiPhone3Gs....................................................................................... page9
2010AdamSavage.............................................................................................. page10
TimeLineconclusion............................................................................................ page11
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Introduction
Thebasisforthisresearchfocusesonahistoricaltimelineofthetechnologicalactornetwork
thatdeveloped,mergedandledtothecontroversialeventofMythbusterspresenterAdam
SavageGeotagginghisownhome.Theaimistoincludemanydifferentactorsthatcontributed
totheSavageevent.ThiswillincludetheearlytechnologicalactorsthatmadeGeotagging
possibleandtheirmergewiththesocialnetworkingactorswhosemassivegrowth,in
combinationwithinteractivemediaresultsin
1“158millionimagesuploadedinthefirstfourmonthsof2010....4.3%aregeo-tagged”
TimeLine
1994
2JEIDA(JapanElectronicIndustryDevelopmentAssociation)JEIDAwerethefirsttodevelopa
standardformatforDigtalimagestoragethatincludedprovisionforExiffiledataimbeddedin
thedigitalimage.
1995
3CasioDSCQV-10camerawasthefirstactorthatprovidedanaffordableconsumerdigital
camerathatusedExifandstoredadditionalimbeddedinformationaboutthecamerassettings
withintheimagestaken.
1www.icsi.berkeley.edu/pubs/networking/cybercasinghotsec10.pdf
2http://exifpilot.com/exifdata.html 3http://ieeeghn.com/wiki/index.php/STARS-Proposal:Digital_Still_Cameras
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1995
4AppleDevelopsW.A.L.T.(WizzyActiveLifestyleTelephone).Thisfirstactorisadesign
concept,afuturevisionbyapplethatwillevolveintotheiphoneandin2007sold17million.
Appleisamainactorfromthestartofthetimelineandwillbecomehubforinteractivemedia
inthe21st
century.Itiskeytomanyareasoftheactornetwork.
5“Appleofferedupthepossibilityofanewportablevideophone/PDAconceptat1995’s
MacWorldExpo.TheNewton-likeVideoPadthree-in-oneprototypecombinedacellphone,
PDA,andvideophone.”
1997
ThefirstGPScameraforgovernmentandmilitaryusethathadGeotaggingcapabilities,the
combiningofdigitalcameraandGPSwasusedbythemilitarycovertly.
6“TheresultofthenewcombinationbetweenacameraandaGPSdevicewaskeptsecret,and
itwasonlyfewyearslaterthatbothNikonandKodakdecidetocommercializedtheirfirstGPS
camera”
4http://www.macworld.co.uk/ipad-iphone/news/index.cfm?newsid=25426
5http://www.maclife.com/article/feature/top_10_apple_products_apple_never_released
6http://studenttheses.cbs.dk/bitstream/handle/10417/1051/marco_montanaro.pdf?sequence=1
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1999
7BenefonEsc!wasthefirstmobilephonethathadaGPSintegrated.
TheactorwasahugestepthatenvisionedtherelationshipbetweenGPSlocationand
communicationprovidingakeylinkwithintheactornetwork.TheBenefonEsc!Wasalsothe
firstconsumeraffordablemobilephonewithGPS.
8Italsohadaninteresting“FriendFind”featurewhichallowedyoutotrackthewhereaboutsof
otherEsc!users.
2000
SharpJ-SH04(J-Phone)firstcameraphonemarketed.DistributedinJapanbyJPhonethis
phonewasverypopularanditisapparentthatcombininginteractivemediadeviceswasa
popularconcepttoalloweduserstocommunicatebyvoiceorimageinstantly.
9“Itwasaninstanthitwhenitwasintroducedinthelastpartof2000.”
7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeoSentric
8http://www.finestdaily.com/top-10/10-mobile-phone-innovations-you-should-know-about.htm
9http://siliconcowboy.wordpress.com/2010/11/16/10-year-retrospective-cameras-have-revolutionized-cell-
phone-market/
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2001
10MostmanufacturersuseExif dataincameradevicesworldwide.
Exifembeddedcodeisacceptedasastandardfordigitalimagecapture.Manypeopleare
unawarethattheirdigitalimagescontainhiddeninformationrelatedtowhenandhowthe
imagewastaken.
2002
NikonD1HintroducedinthefirstDSLRwithaGPSinterface.Thistechnologywaspreviously
mainlyavailabletothegovernmentandmilitary,Nikonwasanactorinmakingthistechnology
availabletothepublic.
2003
Morecameraphonessoldworldwidethandigital
cameras.Asaresultoftechnologicalandproduction
methodsadvancethepopularityofaffordable,mobile
cameraphones.Asmorepeoplehavethecapabilityto
send,receiveandcollectimagesthedesireforsocial
networkactorsgrows.
11
Bytheendof2003morethan55millionconsumers
worldwidewillowncamera-phonehandsets.
10
http://www.iml.unibas.ch/dokumente/ExIF.pdf
11
http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/August2003/5738.htm
Figure1
http://studenttheses.cbs.dk/bitstream/handle/1
0417/1051/marco_montanaro.pdf?sequence=1
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2003
12Myspacewasfoundedin2003andby2008ithad100millionuserswithamonthlygrowthof
178%.Thegrowthinsocialnetworkingisdirectlyrelatedtothepopularityofdigitalmedia
communication.Intheactornetworkthesocialnetworkingisakeyfacilitatoringatherand
transferringdigitalimagery.
2004
Thesocialnetworkingcontinuestogainpopularityandin2004Facebookreachesnearly13
1
millionactiveusers.
14
FacebookisasocialnetworkingserviceandWebsitelaunchedinFebruary2004,operated
andprivatelyownedbyFacebook,Inc.AsofJuly2011,Facebookhasmorethan800million
activeusers.
2006
Halfoftheworld'smobilephoneshadabuilt-incamera.Thehugepopularityofdigitalmedia
communicationcontinuestogrow.Socialnetworkingsitesevolvetomeettheneedsoftheir
usersandallowforthestorageformoredigitalimageuploadsandsitecross-linking.
15SharefeatureaddedonFacebook,simultaneouslylaunchedonover20partnersites.
AsSocialnetworksitescross-lingandshareacrossmorepartnersitesthenetworkofactors
spreads.
12
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myspace
13
http://www.facebook.com/press/info.php?timeline
14
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook
15
http://www.facebook.com/press/info.php?timeline
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2006
TwitterwascreatedinMarch2006byJackDorseyandlaunchedthatJuly.Twitterrapidly
gainedworldwidepopularity,with200millionusersasof2011,generatingover200million
tweetsandhandlingover1.6billionsearchqueriesperday.
2007
Appleiphonebuilt-incamerasmartphone.Thefirstgenerationiphonesetthestagefor
anotheradvanceinhowpeopleinteractwithdigitalmultimediacommunicationdevices.Its
uniqueeaseofusemadeitincrediblyeasyforpeopletouseit,themostsuccessfulSmart
Phoneever,theAppleiPhone.Itbecamethefirstmulti-touchscreenphone.iPhonebecame
instanthitinUSwithstrongdesignaestheticandeaseofuse.SeveralhundredpeopleinNew
YorkcampedoutsidetheApplestoreover100hoursbeforethephone’srelease
16In2007,about40%ofAmericansownamobilephone,comparedwith80%ofBritons
2007
In2007furtheradvancesintechnologyandproductionthemethodsmakeitpossibleforthe
Technologicalconvergenceofthekeyactorsinouractornetwork.Forthefirsttimeitwas
possible,practicalandaffordabletointegratemobilephone,digitalcamera,GPSandnetwork
datacommunicationactorswithinonesmall,pocketsizeddevice.
16
http://www.buzzom.com/2010/01/history-of-mobile-phones-1985-to-today-video/
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2008
Appleiphone3Gbringstogethertheprevioustechnologicalactors.Theseactorswerefeatures
thathadindependentlyexisted,howevertheactionofmergingallthefunctionsintoone,easy
tousedevicealloweditsuserstocommunicateanduploadGeotaggedimageswhileonthe
move.
17TheiPhone3GbroughtthecompleteGeotagcapabilityatthetipoftheuser’sfinger,iPhone
3GbyAppleInc.isalsoequippedwithaGPSreceiver,andusesthereceivertoGeotag
photographstakenwiththedevice.
2009
ApplereleasesiPhone3GsreleasedinAugust2009
TheiPhone3Gsbringstogethertheprevioustechnologicalactors,featuresthathad
independentlyexisted,howevertheactionofmergingallthefunctionsintoonedeviceallowed
itsuserstocommunicateanduploadGeotaggedimageswhileonthemove.Thisaccumulation
oftechnologiesintoasingledevicewasamajoractorinsettingthestageforAdamSavageto
unknowinglyGeotaghisownhomeinapublicdomain.
17
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exchangeable_image_file_format
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2010
By2010iPhonehasreleasediPhone3Gs,allowingforfasterrateofdatatransferandalso
incorporatingvideocaptureandunloadcapabilities.OnFebruary9,2010at8:26:14AM
MythBustershost,AdamSavageGeotagshisownhome.
Figure2AdamSavageGeotagginghishomelocation
http://twitpic.com/128p1b
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Timelineconclusion
AdamSavageownedaniPhone3GsandSavagewasapparentlyunawarehisiPhone3Gs
Geotaggedalltheimagestaken.SavagetakesaphotoofhisjeepwithhisiPhoneanduploaded
ittotheTwitpicSocialnetworkwithinthepublicdomain.
18TwitPicisawebsitethatallowsuserstoeasilypostpicturestotheTwittermicro-bloggingandsocial
mediaservice.
Geotagtechnologynotonlyrevealedhishomeaddress,butalsotimeanddate,phonemake
andmodelandseveralotheritemsofdataheapparentlydidn’trealisehewassending.Also
becauseofthenatureofinterminglingsocialnetworksites,hisimagewaspotentiallyavailable
acrossseveralwebsites,includingFacebookandaccessiblebymillionsofpeople.
19ByJuly2010Facebookreachesover500millionactiveusers.
Themassivegrowthinsocialnetworkingandpostingofpersonaldetailsprovideopportunities
formarketresearchanddata-mining,thisisanotheractorintheGeotagactornetwork.The
imagesandExifdetailsthatpeopleareuploadingtosocialnetworkingsitesaregatheredfor
marketingreasons.Forexampleallimagesuploadedto
20Facebookare“scraped”toremoveExifdate,howeverthescrapeddataiscollectedandused
toprofiletheirusers.
18
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TwitPic
19
http://www.facebook.com/press/info.php?timeline
20
http://zaalabs.com/2010/07/finding-celebrity-locations-via-twitter/
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TwitterisalsoaprominentactorinthenetworkandithasinteractedwithiPhonetocreate
applicationsoftwarethatisdesignedfortheintegrationbetweenTwitterandtheiPhone,
weatherthishadandinfluenceonAdamSavagechoosingtwitterisunclear,however
21TwitterdevelopedtheAppleDesignAward-winningTwitterclientTweetiefortheMacand
iPhone.Theapplication,nowcalled"Twitter"anddistributedfreeofcharge,istheofficial
TwitterclientfortheiPhone.
ThehugepopularityoftheSocialnetworkingmediumcombinedwiththefastdevelopmentofits
relatedtechnologicalmobilecommunication-multimediadeviceswithlocationrecognitioncreatesa
levelofinformationsharingonamassivescale.Everydaymillionsofpeopleworldwideconnectand
shareinformationandimageswithotherusersandmakeresearchdata-minerswithoutrealizingit.
22around2.25milliondailyimagesharesonTwitter,45.7%comefromTwitPic.
21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter
22
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TwitPic
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Chapter2
Controversy
TableofContents
Background............................................................................................................ Page14
MainBody.............................................................................................................. Page15
TheInfographic(spiral)......................................................................................... Page16
ActorRelationships............................................................................................... Page17
Conclusions........................................................................................................... Page18
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Background
23ThebasisforthegeotaggingresearcharosefromastorypublishedintheNewYorkTimeson
11th
August2010involvingDiscovery’sMythbusterspresenterAdamSavage.Savageposteda
photoofhisnewjeepparkedoutsidehishouseontotwitter.Unknowinglyhehadincludeda
geotaglocationwiththephoto.Thispostwasshortlyfollowedbyatextpoststatinghewasoff
towork.Thesetwopiecesofinformationontheirownforexample,revealalotaboutthe
celebritieswhereaboutsanddaytodayactivitiestopotentialthievesandotherunsavoury
attention.AdamSavagereportedthatasapresenterofatechnologybasedTVshow.
Thisisnotanisolatedincidentinvolvingcelebrtitiesrevealingsensitiveinformationsuchas
location,habits,lifestyleetc.OnJulythe10th
2010NateBeckpresentedhissearchfindingson
geotaggedcelebritiesthathediscoveredusingsomecodedscript.Fromalistof147celebrities
whohadpubliclyviewablephotosonsitessuchastwitterNate’ssearchshowedthatfromthe
2411,688imagesfoundthat878or7.8%containedgeotagdata.Other’highprofile’celebrities
includedinhisfindingswereTomHanks,KellyClarksonandBrittanyspearstonameafew.
Celebritieswerechosenforthisstudyastheviralnatureofgeotaggingisfasterandthe
profilingofhabitshaswiderimplications.
23
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/12/technology/personaltech/12basics.html?pagewanted=a
ll
24
http://zaalabs.com/2010/07/finding-celebrity-locations-via-twitter/
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MainBody
Themain‘Actors’inthisnetworkwerelaidoutinnoparticularorderandassociationswere
drawnbetweenthem.Fromthis‘map’,otherlessapparentmapsbegantorevealthemselves.
Onesuchmapisthesensationalismthatsurroundscelebrityprofilingwhichfurtherfeedsthe
controversy.
Inordertoillustratethescaleofthesensationilsmthatcanarisewhenacelebritysuchas
AdamSavagerevealssensitiveinformationabouthimselfontheweb.
25InAugust2010Mythbustershadweeklyviewerfiguresofthirtyfivethousand.
26Flickrhaveoverthreebillionuploadedphotosofwhichoveronehundredmillionare
geotagged.
27TherecentincreaseinmobiledevicefunctionalitysuchasthefasterinternetspeedGPS
capabilityandimprovedcameracapabilities(MPandvideo)hasmeantthatfacebooknowhas
over65millionusersaccesingthesitewithmobiledevices.
25
http://www.barb.co.uk/report/weeklyTopProgrammes26
http://code.flickr.com/blog/2009/02/04/100000000-geotagged-photos-plus/27
http://trak.in/tags/business/2010/02/01/social-media-statistics-facebook-twitter-flickr-
linkedin/
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TheInfographic(spiral)
TheInfographic(spiral)representstheviralnatureofthistypeofsensationalismandhowthisprofilingcouldthenbeusedtotrackthewhereaboutsandactivitiesofcelebrities.
AdamSavageistheinitiatingactorashepoststhephotographembeddedwiththeexif
metadatawhichincludestheGPScoordsaswellasotherinformationsuchasdevicetypeand
devicesettingsontwitterusinghisIphone.
Themetadataisfoundandispublicisedusingtwitterandisthenspreadusingothersocial
networks.Theinformationaboutthisisreadandpassedonbetweenusers.Someoftheusers
willbebepartoftheMythbustersfanbase,Dataminers,asmallnumberwillincludethe
press,butmostwillbe‘general’users(bywhichincludefollowersofblogs,generalwebusers
andnoseypeople).Thenatureofthesocialnetworkssuchasfacebook,twitter,picasa,flickr
andyoutubeallowsonetolinktoanotherbytheuseoftabssuchasfacebook’s‘like’etc.
Creatingakindofsuperactornetworkwhichcatchandshareanystory/informationthatmay
ormaynotbeofinteresttoanyone.Theactorthatresidesoverallofthesocialnetworksis
Google,andisabletotrackandcollateallthedatathatpassesthroughthesocialnetwork
sites.GooglealsoownYouTubeandPicasa.AndGooglemapsisusedtomaptheexifdata
geotags.
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ActorRelationships
Thenewwaveofmobiledevicesarenowwebenabledandtheircapabilitiesincreasewith
everynewiteration(iPhone3,3GS,4).Speculatively,thedevelopmentstothemobiledevices
couldbeseentobemadetofacilitatethegatheringandcollectionofmetadata;although,user
demandsontheproducerstoprovidethisserviceisequallypossible.
Themetadatainthisnetworkisalittlemorediscreet.Manyusers(includingAdamSavage)
knowofitsexistance,but;asinthecaseofAdamSavage,hefailedtorealisethatthis
informationcouldbecorrelatedwithotheronlineinformationsuchastextualtweets,blogsetc
toproduceadetailedprofileofhislocationandlifestyleanddaytodayroutine.TheNYTimes
reportstated28
“potentialthievesknewhewouldnotbeathome.”
Thesocialnetworkingsitesthatcollectanddisplaythisinformation(onlysomeofwhichare
usedinthisstudy).Facebookinterestinglydoesnotdisplaythisexifmetadata,butfacebookis
usedinthechainofthevarioussocialnetworksviathe‘like’buttonandcommunication
betweenuserstospreadthestory.Theycandisplaythephotosiflinkedfromflickrorpicasa
etcbutthemetadataisnot.
Thesheervolumeofgeotaggedphotographs(asmentionedearlier)wouldhelptoinformthe
socialnetworksitedesignersonhowtobestconstructtheirsitestoaccommodateandbest
utilisethisinformation.Thiswouldalsoinformthedevicemanufacturersandnetwork
providersastohowtoimrovethedesignoftheirmobiledevicestofacilitatetheeasebywhich
userscantakephotograpohsanduploadthemtothesocialnetwork.Thisisexemplifiedbythe
AppleiPhonewhichsincetheiPhone3hasseenmanytechnicalimprovementsinitsiterations
totoday’siPhone4,fromahigherspecificationcamera,andvideocamera,improvedwifi
capability(andavailability).TheAdamSavagestoryattractedenoughattentionforittobe
shownonnewswebsites,blogsandthemoretraditionalmediaservicessuchasabcnewsand
theNewYorkTimes,whichinturnfurtherdrovethesensationalism.
28
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/12/technology/personaltech/12basics.html?pagewanted=a
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Conclusions.
Quiteaninterestingexplorationofthevariousactorsandtheirrelationshipswithintheactor
network.AlthoughnoharmcametoAdamSavageorhisproperty,theincidentraised
awarenessastothepossibleimplicationsofknowinglyorunknowinglypublishingsuch
sensitiveinformation.Theexplosioninthevolumeofgeotaggeddatabeganinlate2009,early
2010andnowthereareover100,000,000geotaggedphotographsonFlickralone.EricFischer
hascompiledsomeofthisdatatoformetamapstoillustratethenumberofphotostakenin
certaingeographicallocations:
London SanFransisco
Theseimagesshowsomeofthemorepositiveusesforthistypeofdataandisusedinthis
studytobalancethenegativeissuesthatwerediscussedearlier.
Interestingly,itwasthelessapparentactorssuchassensationalism.Also,thetechnological
advancementsbythemobiledevicemanufacturersthewebdevelopersandthewireless
networkproviderswhichareinformedbythedemandofusersonthisservice.Thenetwork
comesacrossasaOuroborostheancientsymbolofthesnakethateatsitself.29
“The
Ouroborosoftenrepresentsself-reflexivityorcyclicality,especiallyinthesenseofsomething
constantlyre-creatingitself,theeternalreturn.”
29
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouroboros
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Chapter3
FromSavagetoEveryday
TableofContents
VoluntaryTagging
Introduction......................................................................................................... Page20
VoluntaryTagging............................................................................................... Page21
AccidentalMapping............................................................................................. Page23
LiveTracking.......................................................................................................... Page24
Conclusions............................................................................................................ Page25
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Introduction
Thesensationalism actorinthecaseofSavageplayedahugepartinthespreadofthestory.However,
whenyoutakeoutthefameelementassociatedwithSavage,hisactionscanbeexploredasanumber
ofseparateelementsinthecontextofrealworld/everydayusers,andthesebegintopaintapictureof
theamountofdataonegeotaggedphoto/videoorlocationcanrevealaboutyou.Savageprovidedthree
elementsofkeyinformationinhistaggedimage-thevehiclehedrives,hisaddress,thetimestampof
whenheleavesforwork.Becauseofhisstatus,thiswasenoughtocreateabuzzaroundhim.For
everyoneelsethepotentialdangersassosiatedwithgeotaggingcomewhenyoulookabitfurtherthan
thesourceimage,andbeginexploringthemediathathostimagesandshareinformationsuchas
facebook,twitter,flickr,googleetc.thathosttrovesofinformationoneveryinternetuser.
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VoluntaryTagging
ShaneBarriscale-VirtualChoirVideo201130
-VoluntaryTagging
Hereweseeanexampleofvoluntarygeotagging.Thevideoispartofaprojectwheresingersfromall
overtheworlduploadedavideorecoringoftheirpartofachoralworkandtheyweresubsequebtly
stitchedtogetherandmixedintoacompletedpiece.Theyalsohadtobegeotaggedbyeachuseron
youtubesothataworldmapcouldbedrawnanddisplayedonthewebsite.
30
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=30AunuJcIlQ
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Thismethodofvoluntarytaggingisusedprimarilybyyoutubeandfacebook,neitherofwhichatpresent
operateamanditorygeotaggingsystemforuploadedphotos.Whatweseehereisanexampleof
‘accidentalmapping’.Asourdigitalfootprintincreasesandconnectionsbetweenthecommonlyused
socialnetworksflourish,weseehoweasyitistopaintasubstantialprofileonsomeoneusingonly
informationwhichisvoluntarilyputoutintothepublicrealm.Thesimpleactoftaggingavideoforthe
worldhasresultedintangiblelinkstomyemail,name,address,appearance,academichistory,and
manymorewhichcanbeseenontheattachedmap.
Allthisinformationaboutmeontheinternetispurelydata.Thatis,untilsomeonechoosestoaccessit
anduseitinsomeway.Thenthe informationbecomesanactor,asconnectionsaremadebetweenthe
sourcepersonandtheinternetusersatlarge.Somehottopicswherethisbecomesrelevantarein
regardstolegalissuesaboutprivacyandcrimerelatedinstancessuchasstalkingandtargetting,theft
andevencyberbullying.Otherinstancesrelatetosocio-commercialintersestssuchasmaketresearch,
advertisingandstatistics.Isupposethemostinterestingrevelvationisthatunlikethe‘Census’ofold,
thisinformationisbecomingmoreandmorefreelyavailable,andthecollectionandcompilationdatais
happeningmorebehindthescenes.
AnarticleinaUSmagazine‘TheDailyBeast’reportsthatofthe3.4millionreportedcasesofstalkingreportedintheyear2005-2006,that25%ofthesewereasaresultofacybertechnologysuchasemail
andinstantmessaging.31
Withtheprevelanceofgeolocatingsoftwareinphotosandsocialnetworking,
itsnowonderthatwebsitessuchas ICanStalkYou.com andPleaseRobMe.com cameintoprominence.
InthemidstoftheGeotaggingphenomenonisalatentfearaboutthepotentialofrevealingsomuch
information,coupledwithpeoplesconstantthirstformoreandmoreconnectionstootherpeople.
Toreferencetheattachedmap,asearchformyname,connectedtotheyoutubevideorevealedeleven
websitesinthefirstfewpagesofgooglecontaininingdataaboutme,ShaneBarriscale,threeofwhichI
wasunawareof.
31
http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2010/08/08/foursquare-and-stalking-is-geotagging-dangerous
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AccidentalMapping
WiredMagazine-ObservationalTagging-AccidentalMapping
Aninterestingcasestudythatwasconductedshowsaformofobservationalgeotagging.Thesourceisa
Wiredmagazinearticlefrom2009thatdetailsareporterobservingawomantakingaphotofromher
iPhoneingoldengatepark.Helatersearched flickrforimagestaggedinthatlocationandsubsequebtly
locatedtheusersname,address,imagesfromtheinsideofherapartment, timestampsand
geographicallocations ofallthegeotaggedphotosshehaduploaded,andsubsequently trendsofher
movements.Thebenignresultsofthisinformationonceagainwillleadtoongoingmethodsofmarket
researchandsocialstudies,maybesomethinglikethelocalversustouristmapsdrawnfornumerous
citiesbyEdFischer(mentionedearlierinthetext).However,asshownintheattachedmap,itcouldalso
leadanyotherinternetusertoviewprivatephotosoftheinsideofherapartmentaswellastrendsof
whensheisnotathome.Inthemap,Itriedtomaptheseverityofprivacyviolationusingthecoloured
legend.Thegraphicontherightpaintsaconceptualpictureofthepeoplewholookforthisinformation,
wheteritsbenignsuchasnameandemailaddress,orpersonalsuchasinformationaboutliving
environmentandactivitypatterns.
Thankfullythiswasonlyaninvestigativereport.Thesamereporteralsodiscussedasimilarcasetothe
VirtualChoirreferenceabove,whereasimplecheckinonWhrrl.com,alocationbasedappforiPhone,
sentapingtotwitter,facebookandFriendFiendpromptinghishomelocationtoappearonfacebook
withouthisapproval32
.
32
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LiveTracking
GeosocialNetworks-Grindr/Blendr-LiveTracking
PerhapsthemostinterestingdevelopmentinrecentyearsisthatofGeosocialNetworking.Nolongeris
geotaggingconfinedtophotos,or‘Checkins’suchasthoseseenonFacebookPlacesandFoursquare.
Certainnewapplicationsoperatealivetrackingandgeolocatingfunctionusingmobileintenetthat
allowsyoutoseeonamapactiveusersinrealtime.Thistakesthenotionof‘Checkins’toawholenew
level.Nolongerisitavoluntarygeolocationbutageolocationwhichisalwaysonassoonasyoulogin.
Onesuchexampleofthisisthehook-upwebsitesGrindr.com(forgaymen)andmorerecently
Blendr.com(forallsexualities)Thisallowsuserstoseeotheractiveusersonalivemapandmake
requestsformeetingsthereandthen.Accordingtoanarticleonmarketwatch.com,thewebsitenow
has3millionusersin192countries33
andrecentlydevelopedappsforbothfacebookanditunes.
Whenitcomestoprivacyconcerns,scepticstendtobrushthemoffasspeculation,declaringthat
mobilephonetechnologyhasbeentraceableforyears. 34However,GPStechnologycoupledwithWIFI
hasanaccuracyofbetween10and30meters.Andwithsomanysocialnetworksandappsthatcan
accessthisinformation,thecauseforprivacyconcernsarefargreaternowthanthheywereintheearly
mobilephoneera.TakeforexampletheGoldenGateParkcaseabove,ormyownexperienceofafriend
declaringgleefullyabouthisGrindrapp“Oh,user1234isonly300metresfromhere”
33http://www.marketwatch.com/story/grindr-and-blendr-announce-executive-leadership-team-to-drive-geo-
social-networking-product-expansion-2011-10-1334
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Conclusion
FromInfancytoHotTopic
ThetimelineassociatedwiththegrowthofGeotaggingshowsarapidgrowthintechnologyprovidingit
asanoptionandtheamountofusersaccessingandactivelyusingthisfunction.AnsimpleGoogle
searchrevealsasmanypageshighlightingthepotentialdangersofGeotaggingastherearesites
promotingandsellingit.
AbigailSellen’sarticle.‘ReflectingHumanValuesintheDigitalAge35
’hitsoffmanyimportantpoints
regardingthefutureofHumanComputerInteractionandgivesastrongindicationaboutthepotential
futureofintenetandcomputerusers.Thelossof‘interfacestability’hasalreadyhappenedaswenow
comeintocontactwithsomanydevicesinourdaytodaycomingsandgoing.Thegrowthof‘techno-
dependency’‘andhyperconnectivity’hasmadeususedtohavinginformationrightatourfingertips.It
alsoservestomakeusdesiremoreandmore,tothepointwherebanneradsforpopularwebsitesnow
containindicationsofthemoveinsocialnormstoabehaviourthatreadsassomethingmoresinister.
36
Somethingconstantlymentionedthroughoutthismappingstudyisthelossofprivacy,highlightingthe
highprofilecaseofAdamSavage,andsubsequentlyexploringthepotential,everydayavailabilityof
locationbasedinformation,andalltheinfothatcanbefoundwithit.Sellenreferstothisasthe‘Lossof
theEphemeral’,ortemporary.Everybitofinformationoutthereispotentiallyanactor,andourdigital
footprintiseverexpanding.Thegraphicsonthemapsstarttoshowtheeverexpandingdatafromsingle
sources.ThesebegintohelpusvisualisetheimpactofGeotaggingcoupledwithourgrowingDigital
Footprintinworldwheretechnologyisnowoneofthebiggestplayers.
35
Sellen,‘ReflectingHumanValuesintheDigitalAge ’.P.6136
www.videoweed.com
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ActorsMapTimeLinebyPaulO’Connor
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ControversyMapbyMichaelParry
InfographicspiralbyMichaelParry
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VoluntaryTaggingMapbyShaneBarriscale