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Save the meniscus Daniel FRITSCHY

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Page 1: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no

Save the meniscus

Daniel FRITSCHY

Page 2: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no

The case of the day…

• 48 y. old female patient, sports teacher• no health problem• no medical antecedents• right knee pain since 6 mo.  without anyaccident

• has difficulties to demonstrate exercices in herclass, has pain when she pratices her sports : badminton and alpine skiing

Page 3: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no

The case of the day…

• right knee dry and stable• slight varus axis deviation• pain on the medial femoro‐tibial joint line• no jump of the meniscus• imaging

Page 4: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no
Page 5: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no

The meniscus history

• anatomy and function• the surgical saga• the advent of MRI• the future

Page 6: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no

superior view of the menisci

Page 7: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no

the meniscus : wedge and shock absorber

Page 8: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no

the lateral meniscus the medial meniscus has less‐ moves forward in extension mobility‐ moves backward in flexion

Page 9: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no

mobility of the menisciin rotation

range of motion of the menisci

Page 10: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no

vascularization of the meniscus

Page 11: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no

Surgery of the meniscus

1731 Bass describes the meniscus pathology

1867 Bradhurst performes the first meniscectomy

1921 Bircher presents 18 cases of kneearthro‐endoscopy

Page 12: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no

The meniscal tears

• vertical• horizontal• radial• flap (bucket handle)• degenerative

Page 13: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no

injury mechanism :maximum flexion crushesthe posterior horn=  vertical oroblique tears

Page 14: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no

examples ofposterior lesions :

‐ isolated‐ flap‐ bucket handle‐ dislocated bucket handle

Page 15: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no

Trillat classification

dislocated bucket handle

Page 16: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no

The meniscal suture

• 1883 Annandale presents the first meniscal suture 

• 1936 King controls the healing of a meniscal suture in the rabbit

• 1976 series of DeHaven (5, 10 y.)

Page 17: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no

all-inside

Page 18: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no

all-inside :T-FIX technique

Page 19: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no

Meniscal sutures and fixations complications

• medial saphenous nerve lesions (up to 43%, 8% of permanent damage)

• infections• cartilage lesions (ex : arrow)• failure : 5‐10%

Page 20: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no
Page 21: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no
Page 22: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no
Page 23: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no
Page 24: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no
Page 25: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no

gonarthrosis : 3 signs described byFairbank (1948)

‐ flattening of the  femoral condyle

‐ narrowing of the joint line 

‐ apparition of marginal osteophytes

Page 26: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no

The MRI advent

• detailed anatomical description• less demand on arthrography• radiologist analysis• « significant »  influence on therapeuticdecisions

Page 27: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no
Page 28: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no
Page 29: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no
Page 30: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no

MRI dangers

• patient and doctor read the report of the radiologist

• …and the images…• MRI should not take the place of the anamnesis and the clinical examination

• increase of surgical indications based on MRI 

Page 31: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no

The case of the day…

• 48 y. old female patient, sports teacher• no health problem• no medical antecedents• right knee pain since 6 mo.  without anyaccident

• has difficulties to demonstrate exercices in herclass, has pain when she pratices her sports : badminton and alpine skiing

Page 32: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no

The case of the day…

• right knee dry and stable• slight varus axis deviation• pain on the medial femoro‐tibial joint line• no jump of the meniscus• imaging

Page 33: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no

What do we see here ? 

Page 34: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no
Page 35: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no
Page 36: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no

Extrusion of the meniscus

• > 3 mm• high correlation witharthrosisLerer DB, Skeletal Radiol 2004

• with painful arthrosisGale DR, Osteoarthritis Cartilage 1999

• loss of the  meniscalfunction

Page 37: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no
Page 38: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no
Page 39: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no
Page 40: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no
Page 41: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no
Page 42: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no
Page 43: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no
Page 44: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no
Page 45: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no

Do not forget…

Page 46: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no

Meniscal lesions

• traumatic :• tears, often with a mobile flap• peripheral desinsertion• extension deficit, jump (ressaut) 

• degenerative : no accident history, gradualdevelopment of a joint line pain, no jump atclinical ex.  

Page 47: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no

Meniscal lesions

• traumatic lesion : surgery is possible• degenerative lesion : prudence, in principle no surgery

• in theory : save the the meniscus

Page 48: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no

The future

• allografts : limited hope, no meniscus tissue bankin Europa… except Ghent in Belgium

• synthetic meniscus…nothing new since the CMI• 2003 : first sequencing of the human genome (3 billions  of bases or nucleotides, Adenin, Cytosin, Thymin, Guanin)

• development of the personalized medicine• meniscus autograft, reconstructed from stem cells and growth factors ?  We may dream…!

Page 49: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no
Page 50: Save the meniscus - organizers-congress.org · The case of the day… •right kneedry and stable •slightvarus axis deviation •pain on the medialfemoro‐tibial joint line •no
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Remember !