sc.8.p.8.4 demonstrated or measured; for example, density...
TRANSCRIPT
Physical Properties of MatterSC.8.P.8.4Classify and compare substances on the basis of characteristic physical properties that can be demonstrated or measured; for example, density, thermal or electrical conductivity, solubility, magnetic properties, melting and boiling points, and know that these properties are independent of the amount of the sample.
Is it matter or not?Make a T-chart
___ sound ___ glass ___ cells___ wood ___ balloons ___ atoms___ water ___ jello ___ energy___ electricity ___ copper ___ thoughts___ light ___ flame ___ smoke___ oxygen ___ ashes ___ dust___ lead ___ heat ___ air
Is it matter or not?
___ sound ___ glass ___ cells___ wood ___ balloons ___ atoms___ water ___ jello ___ energy___ electricity ___ copper ___ thoughts___ light ___ flame ___ smoke___ oxygen ___ ashes ___ dust___ lead ___ heat ___ air
N
Y
Y
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
N
N
Y
Y
Y
So What is Matter?
Matter is anything that:● takes up space ● has mass● made up of atoms or subatomic particles
You don’t always see it but it is there.
So why is energy NOT a form of matter?
● Energy is not matter, but it can move matter.● Energy is in the form of waves, it does not
have mass nor does it take up space.
Properties of Matter● Properties are the qualities that a particular
type of matter has.● Can be referred to as traits or characteristics● Include both physical and chemical properties
Physical Properties of matterDensity malleability viscosity
Thermal conductivity luster cohesion
Electrical conductivity ductility elasticity
Solubility hardness
Magnetism shape
Melting point state of matter (solid, liquid, gas)
Boiling point can you think of any more?
Density
density, mass, weight, volume video
Finding massThe best tool to find mass is a triple beam balance
aka: balance beam
how to use a balance beam video
Balance beam practice virtual
We are going to be looking at physical properties of matter that are independent of the size of the sample, which is most of them.
What does “independent of the size of the sample” mean?
● No matter how much of a specific piece of matter you have, certain physical properties of that type of matter remain the same.
Some physical properties of water and iron
Example: pure liquid water Example: pure iron
● Boiling point 100°C (212°F)● Melting point 0°C (32°F)● Density 1 g/mL● Electrical conductivity: no● It is cohesive to glass
● Boiling point 3000°C (5400°F) ● Melting point 1536°C (2797°F)● Density 7.87 g/cm3
● Electrical conductivity: yes
No matter how much iron you have, it still has a density of 7.87 g/cm3
densityMass per unit volume
The amount of stuff (mass) packed in a space (volume)
Examples:
MATERIAL DENSITY (g/cm3 or g/mL)
Rubbing alcohol 0.79
Pure water 1.0
Baby oil 0.83
Vegetable oil 0.92
The more dense material _________
The less dense material __________
Thermal conductivity
The ability of a material to transfer heat● Metals are good conductors● Nonmetals like Wood and foam are
poor conductors (insulators)
Heat transfers from hotter to colder
misconceptions about temperature video
Electrical conductivityThe ability of a material to allow the flow of electric current
Metals conduct electricity
How do batteries work?
solubilityThe amount of a substance that can dissolve in another substance at a specific temperature.
pHet solubility interactive
Magnetic propertiesThe ability of a substance to attract a magnet
How magnets are made
Melting pointThe temperature at which a substance changes from a Solid to a liquid.
Melting Point = Freezing Point
(liquid to a solid)
How is water weird video
Chemical vs Physical Properties Day 1
● Property - qualities of a particular type of matter, traits, characteristics
● Chemical Property - the ability of a substance to change into a new substance
● Physical Property - an observable characteristic that does NOT change the identity of the substance
Physical Properties Review● Used to describe matter● Observed without changing the identity of the substance● Every substance has a unique set of physical properties● Different substances have different physical properties● Different amounts of the same substance have the same physical
properties / Properties are independent of the amount of the sample
● In fluids, substances settle out based on their relative densities (most dense sinks to the bottom)
● Comparison of physical properties is used to identify unknown substances.
Chemical vs Physical Properties Day 2Venn Diagram
1. Boiling point2. Burning3. Change in state4. Characteristic of matter5. Density6. Dissolving7. Formation of a gas8. Melting9. New substance10. Photosynthesis11. Reaction12. Rotting13. Rusting14. Substance does not change
Density Practice Problems
The density of a substance is a measure of how much mass is packed into a certain volume of the substance. Substances with a high density, like steel, have molecules that are packed together tightly. Substances with a low density, like cork, have fewer molecules packed into the same amount of space.
2. A block of wood 4 cm on each side has a mass of 27 g. What is the density of the block? (Hint, don’t forget to find the volume of the wood.)
3. An irregularly shaped stone was lowered into a graduated cylinder holding a volume of water equal to 2 ml. The height of the water rose to 7 ml. If the mass of the stone was 25 g, what was its density?
5. Iron has a density of 7.87 g/cm3. If you have a sample of iron with a volume of 12.71 cm3, how much mass of the sample would you have?
6. You have a sample of 200g of gold which has a density of 19.32 g/cm3, what is the volume of your sample?
7. Silver has a density of 10.5 grams/cm3 and gold has a density of 19.3 g/cm3. Which would have the greater mass, 5cm3 of silver or 5cm3 of gold?
Virtual lab - identify mystery substances using physical (density, boiling point, melting point) and chemical (flame color) properties