schlangen_selfhealing_betonica-webinar-2012.pdf
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Self Healing Concrete and Asphalt Erik Schlangen and many colleagues in the Microlab Section Materials & Environment – Microlab Civil Engineering & Geosciences Delft University of Technology E-mail: [email protected] Blogs: www.selfhealingasphalt.blogspot.com www.selfhealingconcrete.blogspot.com
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Outline
• Background
• RILEM TC 221 - Self Healing Concrete
• Some examples
• Different Self-Healing projects at Delft University
• Conclusions and Future Research
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Mixing concrete The simple version
Gravel
Sand
Cement
Solid parts:
Water
Liquid part:
According to: Mario de Rooij
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Creating materials with better performance and longer service life
Gravel Sand Cement
Water
Slag Fly ash Silica fume
Fillers Steel Fibers Polymer fibers Accelerator
Retarder
Stabilizer
Air entrainer
Super plasticizer
Water entrainer
Recycled aggregates
According to: Mario de Rooij
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Creating materials with better performance and longer service life
Time
Performance
original
Improved grade
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Damage in concrete structures
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Self Healing ambitions (single event)
Time
Performance
Existing materials
Self healing material
Existing materials
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Self healing ambitions (multiple healing)
Time
Performance
original
improvement
Multiple self healing
Cost of repair versus healing
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Cos
t - P
erfo
rman
ce
Time
Required strength
1st repair 2nd repair A Normal
B High quality material
A Normal
B High quality
Cos
t - P
erfo
rman
ce
Time
Required strength
Self repair
Self Healing Material
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Lessons from nature
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RILEM TC 221 Self Healing Concrete
• Dr. Oguzhan COPUROGLU • Prof. Nele DE BELIE • Dr. Mario DE ROOIJ • Dr. Carola EDVARDSEN • Prof. Mette GEIKER • Prof. Dr Ningxu HAN • Mr Chengwei HAO • Prof. R. Doug HOOTON • Mr. Haoliang HUANG • Dr. Antony D. JEFFERSON • Prof. Konstantin KOVLER • Dr. Jianzhong LAI • Prof. Robert LARK • Prof. Victor C. LI • Dr. Ahmed LOUKILI • Prof. Dr.-Ing. Viktor
MECHTCHERINE
• Prof. Hirozo MIHASHI • Prof. Lars-olof NILSSON • Mr. Tomoya NISHIWAKI • Shunzhi QIAN • Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans W. REINHARDT • Dr Erik SCHLANGEN • Mr. Yeqing SHEN • Mr Luguang SONG • Dr Pavel TRTIK • Prof. Dr. Ir. Klaas VAN BREUGEL • Mrs Kim VAN TITTELBOOM • Prof. Jason WEISS • Dr. Guang YE • Mrs Xiongzhou YUAN
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International Conferences on Self Healing
• 1st Int. Conf on Self Healing Materials, Noordwijk (NL), van der Zwaag et al., 2007
• 2nd Int. Conf on Self Healing Materials, Chicago (USA), White et al. 2009
• 3rd Int. Conf on Self Healing Materials, Bath (UK), Bond et al. 2011
• 4th Int. Conf on Self Healing Materials, Ghent (BE), de Belie et al. 2013
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Text books on self healing materials
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S.R.White et.al University of Illinois, Nature, 2001
Self Healing of: Polymers Coatings Metals Composites Concrete / Asphalt ……
Why Self-Healing of Concrete?
• Durability • Functionality • Leakage • (feeling of) Structural safety • Aesthetics
Regaining mechanical properties Blocking the path
Cracked water retaining concrete slab
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Some Possible Mechanisms for Self-Healing: a) Formation of CaCO3 of Ca(OH)2 in crack b) Loose parts blocking the crack path c) Ongoing hydration in the crack d) Swelling of cement matrix
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Requirements for Self-Healing Given in Literature:
a) Water should be present b) Crack width < 0.2 mm c) Water pressure not too large d) Liquid may not lead to a leaching or
dissolution reaction e) Stable crack
Carola Edvardsen (COWI) Hans Reinhardt (Stuttgart)
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ECC, Victor Li Univ. Michigan
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C. Joseph & T. Jefferson, Cardiff Univ, UK
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Embedded glass tubes A
A
A - A:
Steel reinforcement Coupled glass tubes(a) (b)
LVDT
Clamping plate
Sample60mmx60mmx220mm
Pressure plate
Van Tittelboom & de Belie, Ghent, Belgium
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Kishi et.al Tokyo
Additives and expansive agents for self healing
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‘Active’ Self-Healing System
Supply of Repair agent
Self-healing using selective heating around generated crack
Actuating function
Released repair agent fill and harden in the crack
Processing function
Selective heating around the crack melts the pipe
Organic film pipe
Strain monitoring sensor as Heating device
Sensing function
Partial increasing of resistance of heating device
Current
`Mihashi, Nishiwaki, Japan
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An optimal self healing material
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Self Healing Concrete
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Goal:
development of concrete
with high self-crack-healing capacity
using bacteria as self-healing agent
Jonkers, …, Schlangen. Microlab TUDelft
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Calcium lactate (=food) Bacteria
+
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lactate + O2 acetate + CaCO3 + CO2 bacteria
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O
Concrete carbonation
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Henk explains the project
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The natural laboratory:
‘Extremophilic bacteria’
Mono Lake USA: Alkaliphilic bacteria
Bacillus pseudofirmus pH 11.5
Endospores
Endospores: - Specialized cells, metabolically inactive - Resist high temperatures and mechanical forces, - Viable for 50-200 years
Self Healing
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Bacteria
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'Bio-minerals'
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'Bio-minerals'
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Measuring permeability
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Self Healing Concrete Pavilion (Breda)
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New tools to make self healing ‘pill’
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Self Healing Concrete –BACTERIA - Stamp
Development of Ductile Materials
• Prof V.C. Li Michigan
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With ….. Wood Fibres Dr. Lupita Sierra and few MSc students
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Self Healing of Fibre Concrete
• Self healed specimen Before retest • Self healed specimen After retest
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Self Healing of Fibre Concrete
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Self Healing of SHCC, different approaches Bio-concrete Ongoing hydration Addition of hollow fibres
with healing agent
Addition of SAP
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Modelling of Fibre Concrete
lattice beam
fibre beam
bond beam
square grid
fibre node
lattice node
extra node
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Modelling Fibre Concrete
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Modelling Fibre Concrete
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Modelling Fibre Concrete (SHCC)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
deformation [mm]
load
[N]
2.00%
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context for applications
a. Porous core/layer is created and put in the concrete which
later on is changed into dense layer. b. Concrete deforms, settles,
shrinks, swells and cracks.
c. Healing agent; e.g. epoxy-based binder, cement slurry or mortar,
bacteria containing liquid will be injected.
d. Healed concrete; a new
approach.
Porous Network Concrete
Sangadji, Schlangen. Microlab TUDelft
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a. Porous layer will be place between wall and slab, b. Self healing mortar will be infused after hardening, expansion and shrinkage.
context for applications Porous Network Concrete
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Porous Network Concrete production and features
bone-like concrete; a new hierarchical material is made in which sponge-like core is surrounded by solid concrete.
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www.selfhealingconcrete.blogspot.com
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Self Healing Asphalt
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ZOAB: zeer open asfalt beton
(very porous asphalt concrete)
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Ravelling
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Ravelling
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Alvaro explains the project:
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Induction heating approach
+ Induction heating Zoom
aggregates microcack
bitumen conductive fibers Opening of microcracks
Crack closed
Induction heating
Melted bitumen
Conductive fibre
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Induction healing (Healing)
Induction
-20 ºC 1 2
3 4
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Induction healing (Healing)
0
0,02
0,04
0,06
0,08
0,1
0,12
0,14
0,16
Forc
e (K
N)
100 %
70 %
2 minutes healing
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And now ….. On the road…
• Rijkswaterstaat (Dutch Government) gave us 400 meter of the A58 Highway in The Netherlands
• Where we made self healing asphalt with the steel-wool fibres
• That we should ‘heal’ regularly when needed and monitor for a long period
• Project is realized in December 2010 • Material-optimization and lab-testing are part of the
project and running
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Test Location
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Test Location
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The Road
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Testing
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Results
0,0E+00
5,0E+02
1,0E+03
1,5E+03
2,0E+03
2,5E+03
0,0E+00 5,0E+04 1,0E+05 1,5E+05 2,0E+05 2,5E+05 3,0E+05
Fatigue loading cycles
Flex
ual s
tiffn
ess
[MPa
]
Without rest periods
With rest periods and heating
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www.selfhealingasphalt.blogspot.com
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Conclusions
• Self Healing is not just a Hype! • It really works! • It needs input from different
disciplines • It can save a lot of money
• Less repair work • Less material use • Less traffic jams • Good for the environment
• RILEM TC-221 gives insight!
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