Science and Observation Science and Observation Plans of AIPO ProgramPlans of AIPO Program

Jianping Li and Guoxiong WuJianping Li and Guoxiong Wu

LASG, Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese LASG, Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Academy of Sciences (CAS)

Beijing 100029, ChinaBeijing 100029, China

September 3-4, 2007, Bali, IndonesiaSeptember 3-4, 2007, Bali, Indonesia

印印 度 洋 度 洋

西 西

太太

平

平

洋洋

东东亚亚

Period: 2006.09 - 2011.09Period: 2006.09 - 2011.09

Supported by Ministry of Science and Supported by Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of ChinaTechnology (MOST) of China

Total Budget: 35,000,000 RMBTotal Budget: 35,000,000 RMB

The National Basic Research Program of China /973 Program

Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction over Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction over the Joining Area of Asia and Indian-Pacific the Joining Area of Asia and Indian-Pacific Ocean (AIPO) and Its Impact on the Short-Ocean (AIPO) and Its Impact on the Short-Term Climate Variation in ChinaTerm Climate Variation in China

RECOMMENDED JONTLY BY:

CAS, NSFC, CMA and SOA

国家海洋局State Oceanic Administration

中国气象局 China Meteorology Administration

国家自然科学基金

委员会National Natural Science Foundation

of China

OUTLINEOUTLINE

AIPO: Where and Why?AIPO: Where and Why? Key Scientific IssuesKey Scientific Issues Subprojects of AIPO ProgramSubprojects of AIPO Program Observation Plans Observation Plans

& Some Progresses & Some Progresses Summary Summary

The AIPO joining areaThe AIPO joining area

Western Pacific

Western Pacific

Ocean

Ocean

EastEastAsiaAsiaTPTP

Indian OceanIndian Ocean

SCSSCS

SAM

EAMAM

WP Flow 台风源区台风源区

Three monsoon systems interact

Typhoons invade

The theme of the program is to identify

the characteristics, patterns, and causes

of air-sea interactions over the AIPO

joining area and the intrinsic

mechanisms of their impacts on the

short-term climate anomalies over China.

2. KEY SCIENTIFIC ISSUES

Reveal the characteristics in seasonal to inter-annual time Reveal the characteristics in seasonal to inter-annual time scale of the air-sea interaction in the AIPO joining area, and scale of the air-sea interaction in the AIPO joining area, and propose a theoretical framework about the impacts of these propose a theoretical framework about the impacts of these processes on the short-term climate variation in this area;processes on the short-term climate variation in this area;

Develop a new-generation OGCM and its coupled climate Develop a new-generation OGCM and its coupled climate model, and propose theories and methods for improving the model, and propose theories and methods for improving the prediction of the East Asian climate variation on seasonal to prediction of the East Asian climate variation on seasonal to interannual scales;interannual scales;

Construct a fine spacial resolution ocean data assimilation Construct a fine spacial resolution ocean data assimilation system for the AIPO joining area, achieve significant system for the AIPO joining area, achieve significant advances in the predictability of ENSO and East Asian advances in the predictability of ENSO and East Asian monsoon, and also provide a set of high-quality ocean re-monsoon, and also provide a set of high-quality ocean re-analysis data in this area.analysis data in this area.

Specified Objectives

Western Pacific gyre interaction between tropics and subtropics Western Pacific gyre interaction between tropics and subtropics and its relationship with the western Pacific anticyclone and its relationship with the western Pacific anticyclone 11

Air-sea interaction over the Indian Ocean and its impacts Air-sea interaction over the Indian Ocean and its impacts on the Asian monsoonon the Asian monsoon 22

Air-sea coupling process over Western Pacific-Eastern Indian Air-sea coupling process over Western Pacific-Eastern Indian Ocean warm pool and its impacts on the climate over ChinaOcean warm pool and its impacts on the climate over China

33

Water cycle over Asian Monsoon AreaWater cycle over Asian Monsoon Area 44

Development and improvement of CGCMDevelopment and improvement of CGCM55

66 Ocean data assimilation and East Asia climate predictability Ocean data assimilation and East Asia climate predictability

3. SUBPROJECTS3. SUBPROJECTS

Modulation of air-sea interaction by land-sea thermal contrast Modulation of air-sea interaction by land-sea thermal contrast 77

1st subproject: Western Pacific gyre interaction between tropics and subtropics and its relationship with the western Pacific anticyclone

EA-WP

EA-WPHeat TransportHeat Transport

WPSHWPSH

2nd subproject: Air-sea interaction over the Indian Ocean and its impacts on the Asian monsoon

TPTP

IO Air-seaIO Air-sea

EA MonsoonEA Monsoon

IO-E

AIO

-EA

IO-WPIO-WPIO Zonal ModeIO Zonal Mode ENSOENSO

3rd subproject: Air-sea coupling process over Western Pacific-Eastern Indian Ocean warm pool and its impacts on the climate over China

ISOISO

EA MonsoonEA Monsoon

Warm PoolWarm Pool

4th subproject: Water cycle over the AIPO Area

持续性旱涝Persistent drought/flood

突发性洪涝Sudden flood

Impacts of ocean thermodynamic and dynamic processes on Asian Impacts of ocean thermodynamic and dynamic processes on Asian Monsoon hydrological cycle; The relationship of Asian Monsoon Monsoon hydrological cycle; The relationship of Asian Monsoon System and vapor transport track and intensity; Impacts of vapor System and vapor transport track and intensity; Impacts of vapor transport anomalies on flood and drought in Chinatransport anomalies on flood and drought in China; ; Observations of Observations of Air-sea fluxes over South China Sea.Air-sea fluxes over South China Sea.

5th subproject: Development and improvement of OGCM

Development of a new Generation Oceanic General Development of a new Generation Oceanic General Circulation Model (OGCM):Circulation Model (OGCM): to describe wave-breaking and current-mixing processes; study influence of waves on air-sea exchange; improve short wave radiation penetration parameterization; develop a new OGCM.

Improvement of Atmospheric General Circulation Improvement of Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM):Model (AGCM): to study the influence of wave on air-sea flux exchange; to improve cloud parameterization; and to combine the radiating processes to enhance model performance.

Assessment and development of air-sea coupling Assessment and development of air-sea coupling mode:mode: to evaluate and promote the existing air-sea coupling model; to explore how the improvement of the specific physical processes can influence the integrating performance of the coupling model; and to further develop and improve air-sea coupling model.

6th subproject: Ocean data assimilation and East Asia climate predictability

Ocean data assimilation:Ocean data assimilation:

to improve ocean data assimilation technique; develop variant ocean data assimilation system of high spatial resolution for AIPO area.

Predictability of ENSO and monsoon:Predictability of ENSO and monsoon:

the nonlinear behavior of ENSO events predictability dynamics and its impacts on East Asian Monsoon predictability; the mechanisms of “Spring Predictability Barrier” of ENSO events; to provide new thinking for ENSO and East Asian Monsoon prediction.

Modulation of air-sea interaction over the Indian Ocean Modulation of air-sea interaction over the Indian Ocean by land-sea thermal contrast over Asia-India-Australia by land-sea thermal contrast over Asia-India-Australia area:area: reveal how land-sea thermal contrast over Asia-India-Australia area reveal how land-sea thermal contrast over Asia-India-Australia area affects air-sea interaction over the Indian Ocean and the northern and affects air-sea interaction over the Indian Ocean and the northern and southern hemisphere interaction, and to investigate how it affects the short-southern hemisphere interaction, and to investigate how it affects the short-term climate variation in China.term climate variation in China.

Modulation of air-sea interaction over Western Pacific by Modulation of air-sea interaction over Western Pacific by land-sea thermal contrast over Asian continent-Western land-sea thermal contrast over Asian continent-Western Pacific:Pacific: analyzing TP heat source structure, and seasonal to inter-annual analyzing TP heat source structure, and seasonal to inter-annual variation patterns of the land-sea thermal contrast between Asian continent variation patterns of the land-sea thermal contrast between Asian continent and Western Pacific to investigate its impact on East Asian circulation and Western Pacific to investigate its impact on East Asian circulation anomalies and air-sea interaction over Western Pacific.anomalies and air-sea interaction over Western Pacific.

Impacts of land-sea thermal contrast over AIPO area on Impacts of land-sea thermal contrast over AIPO area on the interaction between high and low latitude in the the interaction between high and low latitude in the stratosphere:stratosphere: to investigate the relationships among the large-scale to investigate the relationships among the large-scale land-sea thermal contrast, the air-sea interaction over AIPO area, and the land-sea thermal contrast, the air-sea interaction over AIPO area, and the stratosphere-troposphere dynamical and thermal coupling, and to establish stratosphere-troposphere dynamical and thermal coupling, and to establish their relationships with East Asian Climate anomalies.their relationships with East Asian Climate anomalies.

7th subproject: Modulation of air-sea interaction by land-sea thermal contrast

科学 1 号

实验 3 号

Supplementary Observation PlansSupplementary Observation Plans

NEC

NECC

SEC

Kurosh

ioSurface

mooring east of Luzon Island

Indian Ocean

Western P

acific Ocean

SCS

ITF

Schematic observation plan of air-sea interaction in the AIPO RegionSchematic observation plan of air-sea interaction in the AIPO Region

Submersible mooring system and cross-section observations over the sea east of Luzon:Three long-term (2-3 years) submersible mooring system observation buoys and several (3-4) cruise observational cross- sections near 18N. Data: upper ocean temperature-salinity, flow velocity and air-sea interface flux, and other key parameters.

NEC

NECC

SEC

Kurosh

ioSurface

mooring east of Luzon Island

Indian Ocean

Western P

acific Ocean

SCS

ITF

Subsurface mooring off Java

coast

Subsurface mooring at Karimata

strait

Schematic observation plan of air-sea interaction in the AIPO RegionSchematic observation plan of air-sea interaction in the AIPO Region

SJC

Observations over Karimata Strait and upwelling region along Java coast: One long-term submersible mooring system.Data: temperature-salinity and flow velocity observational data.

Air-sea flux tower at Xi-Sha Island

NEC

NECC

SEC

Kurosh

ioSurface

mooring east of Luzon Island

Indian Ocean

Western P

acific Ocean

SCS

ITF

Subsurface mooring off Java

coast

Subsurface mooring at Karimata

strait

Schematic observation plan of air-sea interaction in the AIPO RegionSchematic observation plan of air-sea interaction in the AIPO Region

SJC

Observation stations of the Northern SCS cruiseStations/Cruise-legs

MVP line

Moorings

Mooring (110.5E, 14N)

Air-sea flux tower at Xi-Sha

Island

18N 断面观测：对 18N 向东延伸，并在开放航次期间同步实施定点浮标或潜标观测 (3-4 个航次）

1.1. Water exchange across Karimata Strait and Water exchange across Karimata Strait and Java coastalJava coastal upwellingupwelling

    A protocol between State Oceanic Administration of China and Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia in late 2006.

(1) Nov. 2007, observation equipments will be deployed by use of Indonesia Research Vessel.

(2) Feb. 2008, a cruise will be initiated.

(3) Nov. 2008, observation equipments will be retrieved and replaced.

Some Progresses in ObservationsSome Progresses in Observations

Java 潜标

The protocol was signed by SOA of China and MMAF of Indonesia.

IOP

Subsurface mooring at Karimata strait

    China-Indonesia Workshop on Cooperation of Marine Science and Environmental Protection

May 9-10, 2007, Qingdao

2.The first and second open cruises of AIPO973 2.The first and second open cruises of AIPO973 in Northern SCSin Northern SCS

Sep. 7, 2006, the Research Vessel (R/V) Experiment No.3 Sep. 7, 2006, the Research Vessel (R/V) Experiment No.3 was started its first open research cruise of AIPO973 in was started its first open research cruise of AIPO973 in the Northern South China Sea from Guangzhou. the Northern South China Sea from Guangzhou.

Main observations: CTD temperature-salinity, GPS Main observations: CTD temperature-salinity, GPS sounding, air-sea flux, oceanic meteorology, ADCP route sounding, air-sea flux, oceanic meteorology, ADCP route observation, L-ADCP three dimensional oceanic flow, observation, L-ADCP three dimensional oceanic flow, on-line observation of surface temperature-salinity, on-line observation of surface temperature-salinity, submersible mooring system, etc.submersible mooring system, etc.

Second research cruise of AIPO973 Second research cruise of AIPO973 in the Northern South China Sea in the Northern South China Sea in this August.in this August.

Air-sea flux tower at Xi-Sha Island

NEC

NECC

SEC

Kurosh

ioSurface

mooring east of Luzon Island

Indian Ocean

Western P

acific Ocean

SCS

ITF

Subsurface mooring off Java

coast

Subsurface mooring at Karimata

strait

Schematic observation plan of air-sea-land interaction in the AIPO RegionSchematic observation plan of air-sea-land interaction in the AIPO Region

MAHASRIMAHASRIPALAUPALAU

AIPAIPOOCTCZCTCZ

NPOIMSNPOIMS

1st AIPO annual meeting, Sep 13-14 1st AIPO annual meeting, Sep 13-14

AIPO contributes to AMYAIPO contributes to AMYTargets: To identify the characteristics, patterns, Targets: To identify the characteristics, patterns,

and causes of air-sea interactions over the AIPO and causes of air-sea interactions over the AIPO joining area and the intrinsic mechanisms of joining area and the intrinsic mechanisms of their impacts on the short-term climate their impacts on the short-term climate anomalies over China.anomalies over China.

OGCM and oceanic data assimilation system, OGCM and oceanic data assimilation system, high-quality ocean re-analysis dataset for AIPO high-quality ocean re-analysis dataset for AIPO

Observation and data: Observation and data: (1) Period: 06-11, May-June(1) Period: 06-11, May-June (2) Area/Sites: East Luzon Island, Karimata (2) Area/Sites: East Luzon Island, Karimata

strait, off Java coast, Xi-Sha Island, Northern strait, off Java coast, Xi-Sha Island, Northern SCS CruisesSCS Cruises

(3) Data: Surface mooring at the three stations, (3) Data: Surface mooring at the three stations, Air-sea flux tower, Intensive RV cruisesAir-sea flux tower, Intensive RV cruises

http://973aipo.lasg.ac.cn/http://973aipo.lasg.ac.cn/