Science and Technology Center in Ukraine (STCU)

Supporting Global Security Through Cooperative Nonproliferation…

…Turning Military Science into Peaceful Civilian Applications

Our Mission: Nonproliferation of WMD Expertise

• Engagement: Support multilateral, collaborative, peaceful civilian R&D activities that engage Azeri, Georgian, Ukrainian, and Uzbek scientists and engineers formerly involved WMD and delivery systems, so that their scientific talents contribute to solutions of national/international S&T problems.

• Sustainable Redirection: Create opportunities for former WMD scientists and engineers to develop sustainable, civilian research employment that contributes to their country’s to market economy transition, to science & technology development, and to deeper integration into the international community.

History of STCU

1992 – Negotiations Start on an S&T-Based WMD Nonproliferation Center Focused on ex-USSR military scientists & technicians

1993- STCU is Established via Inter-Governmental Agreement Among Four Founding Parties: Ukraine, Canada, Sweden and the United States of America

1998- European Union Replaces Sweden as an STCU Governing Party

2003- STCU Surpasses $100 Million USD in Total Project Funding

2004 – STCU Governing Parties Agree to Focus STCU Efforts on Building Self-Reliance/Self-Sustainability of ex-USSR WMD scientists/institutes

2006- Highest Annual Total in New Project Funding ($19.4 Million USD) andTotal Partner Project Funding (Approx. $10.6 Million USD)

2007 – Highest Ever Annual Total in New Non-Governmentaland New Partner Project Funding (Nearly $4.7 Million USD)

STCU Operates InSTCU Operates In

Five Recipient CountriesFive Recipient Countries

Over 1,000 Scientific and Technical Institutes

Approximately 20,000-30,000 Former Weapons Scientists (1995 informal est.)

STCU has engaged over 8,300 former weapons scientists, plus 5,000 other scientific personnel

STCU Has On-Site PresenceSTCU Has On-Site Presence Across Recipient States Across Recipient States

• Headquartered in Kyiv, Ukraine

• Regional Ukrainian Offices in:– Dnipropetrovsk, – Kharkiv– Lviv

• Other Regional Offices in:– Baku,Azerbaijan– Tbilisi,Georgia– Tashkent,Uzbekistan– Chisinau,Moldova

70 Person Staff – Multinational, Professional & Administrative

Georgia

STCU Administers Sponsored Activities by Both Financing & Recipient Parties

Government Partners

Non-Government

Partners

Azerbaijan

Science & Technology Center in Ukraine

Ukraine Uzbekistan

Canada E.U. U.S.A.

Moldova

Making Progress, Seeing Results

• Over 1100 Projects (approx. $168 Million USD equiv) since 1995

• Over 180 Partner Organizations (approx $60 Million USD equiv)

– Over Half of All New Project Funding Approved in 2006 was for Partner Projects

• Over 200 Patent Applications of STCU Project Results

• Several Targeted Initiatives Addressing Issues of National/International Concern

– Y2K Remediation Program– Various Government Threat Reduction

Partner Programs– Jointly Financed Targeted Projects w/

Recipient Gov. Agencies– Sustainability Assistance

STCU Projects Help Convert InstitutesSTCU Projects Help Convert Institutes

Institute of Nuclear Physics (Tashkent)

STCU Projects Compliment Institute Cooperation in Returning HEU Reactor Fuel

– Projects to Create a Central Radio-analytic Laboratory and Mobile Labs (supporting of Uzbek Border Monitoring for Nuclear Material Trafficking)

– Projects Develop Portal Monitor Technology for Radiological Material Detection

– Three UK Closed Nuclear Cities Program funded Partner Projects Finance Market Research/Business Planning to Commercialize Institute Technologies

Opening Ceremony, Central Radio-analytic LabInstitute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, UZ

5 October 2004

Partner Projects Develop Commercial & Non-Partner Projects Develop Commercial & Non-Commercial Activities Commercial Activities

• US DOE Programs Combine Threat Reduction with Sustainable Transition through Partner Projects

• DOE Partner Projects at Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology (KIPT):

– One Project (DOE/Initiatives for Proliferation Prevention) Matches U.S. Industry Partner with KIPT to Establish a Commercial Medical Isotope Production Capability on KIPT Territory.

– One Project (DOE/Global Threat Reduction Initiative) Finances DOE and KIPT Experts to Design New Laboratory Set-Ups that will use Low Enriched Uranium instead of Highly Enriched Uranium.

Ex-Weapon Scientists Help in Safe DismantlementEx-Weapon Scientists Help in Safe Dismantlement

((PMF-1 Series Anti-Personnel Mines Evaluation Project)PMF-1 Series Anti-Personnel Mines Evaluation Project) • Project Organized by STCU, Funded by EU

(€400,000), to Evaluate Destruction Technologies for Environment & Health Risk

• Around 6 mil PFM-1 Type Mines in Ukraine, All containing Toxic Liquid Explosive Chemicals

• Mines Also Stored in Other CIS and Eastern European Countries

Common Arms Reduction Support (CARS) Fund

Handling and Transport of the Mines is within usual industrial levels.

No Open Air Destruction of the Mines Should Take Place.

Government Programs Make Use of STCU

Over 20 Government Partners including:

• Max Planck Institute of Plasmaphysics (Germany)

• UK Department of Trade and Industry

• U.S. Department of Energy/Initiatives for Proliferation Prevention (IPP)

• Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (USA)

• U.S. National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute

• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency • U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service• U.S. Department of Defense/Defense Threat Reduction Agency

Non-Government Partners: Contributing to Self-Sustainability

Over 160 Non-Government Partners including:

• General Electric Corp. (USA)• PPG Industries, Inc (USA)• The Boeing Co. (USA)• Intel Corp. (USA)• AECL Chalk River Laboratories (Canada)• Medteknostics, Inc. (Canada)• Airbus (UK)• Scionix Holland A.V. (Netherlands)• Michelin Corp. (France)

Targeted R&D Initiatives:Creating Equal Partnerships

• Co-financing of Projects Selected by Recipient Party Government and STCU

– Focus on Recipient Party National S&TPriorities and STCU Nonproliferation Mission

• First TRDI (2005): STCU – Ukraine

– $500K in STCU Party Funds and $500K from

NASU = $1 Million in Projects

– 3 Rounds Completed• Over $3 Million in Co-Financed Projects

• Two More Initiatives Underway

– Georgian National Science Foundation– Azeri National Academy of Sciences

TRDI Creates Equal Partnership, Vested Interest, and Leveraged Funding Between Donor & Recipient Parties

STCU-NASU Cooperation AgreementSigning Ceremony – Kyiv, 26 May 2005

Institute Sustainability Estimate (2006 Annual Survey)

Unclear5%

Non-Sustainable51%

Sustainable 44%

Sources of 2006 Financing For All Responding TUs

Other Non-Gov10%

Commerical6%

STCU Grants36%

National Gov48%

Transition from Military to Civilian R&D Takes Time & Constant Effort

After 12 Years, STCU Recipients Still Working onBecoming Self-Reliant in Non-Military Research

STCU In the Future

Near-Term: Continue “Permanent Redirection” Phase of Mission

Partner Projects Increasing Share of STCU Activities

More Focus on Opportunities in:

• Diversify Institute Research Income Sources

• Tech Transfer/IPR Capability Improvement

• Partner with National/International Science Programs

• Increase Involvement of Recipient Parties as Equal Contributors

Long-Term: Under Discussion

GBM-Approved New Project Funding

0

5

10

15

20

25

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

US

D, M

illio

ns

Regular

NGPGP

Total

Contact InformationContact Information

Science and Technology Center in Ukraine (STCU)

21 Kamenyariv StKyiv, Ukraine 03138

Tel: +380-44-490-7150Fax: +380-44-490-7145

E-mail: stcu@stcu.int

Web site: www.stcu.int

BACKUP SLIDES: FOR INFORMATION

?Spread of FSU WMD Expertise due toSocial /Political Breakdown, Unemployment

Stabilize FWS Situation in situ

Engage FWS in Coop. Research Grants

ISTC/STCU Regular Projects plusSupporting Activities (Travel Support,Training, Workshops, etc.)

Dependency on Science Center Resources;Return to Weapons Research or Unemployment

Redirect FWS into Self-SupportingPeaceful, Employment

Develop FWS in Self-Sustainability. Integrate FWS into National or RegionalS&T Programmatic Efforts

ISTC/STCU Programmatic Activities plusPartner Programs and “Evolution to Partnership”With Beneficiary Member Countries

Ad Hoc, Politically-Sensitive Issues;Unstable Socio-Economic Development; S&T Competitive Erosion

Flexible, Multilateral S&T Tool to Respond toBroad S&T Needs/Sensitive Tasks?

Broaden ISTC/STCU MandateBeyond FSU WMD Scientist RedirectMission?

Develop Avenues for Multilateral S&TResponses to Politically Sensitive Problems/Regional & Global Threats, Regional Stability

Threats

Goals

Strategy

Response

1992 - 2004 2005 - 2012 2012 - ?

Science Centers Strategic History

• 50 STCU Nuclear Safety-Related Research Projects in Ukraine – Including Material Research, Material Accountability Projects– 7 Nuclear Safety-related Projects in Uzbekistan

• Over $6.7 Million and over € 640,000 Committed

• Projects Include the Following Areas of Research:

– Nuclear Database for Chornobyl NPP Decommissioning Activities

– Electro-reclamation Systems for Decontaminating Water and Soils

– Low-level Nuclear Waste Container Designs

– High-Level Waste Partitioning Technologies

– High-sensitivity Scintillation Detectors for Remote Monitoring of Radiation Environments

– Development of a Monochromatic X-ray Locator for the Nuclear Material Control and Monitoring

STCU Projects in Nuclear Safety STCU Projects in Nuclear Safety Support to UkraineSupport to Ukraine

• Special Targeted Program to Address Y2K Readiness Problems at Ukraine’s Nuclear Power Plants

–Initiated in April 1999: STCU, Energoatom, NPP Operational Support Institute, and U.S. DoE International Nuclear Safety Program (Pacific Northwest National Lab)– Over $1.7 Million and € 342,022 Contributed by STCU Parties Plus a Special $20,000 Contribution from the Netherlands

• Eight Special STCU Projects Implemented between April and 31 December 1999 to Assess, Remediate, and Develop Contingency Plans

–More than 300 Ukrainian Specialists from Five NPPs Participated. STCU provided Overall Coordination, Technical Monitoring, Financial Support and Auditing.

• All Projects Were Successfully Implemented Before the Target Rollover Date, with 38 Safety Critical Systems Remediated

– One Western Expert Noted: “Some Countries Performed Well, But No Country Performed Better than Ukraine.”

Y2K Remediation of Ukrainian NPPsY2K Remediation of Ukrainian NPPs

Total Former Weapon Scientists (FWS) in STCU Project/Proposal Records (All Countries)

Total FWS Registrants= 17,890

9526, 53%

8364, 47%

Grantees

Non-Grantees

Cat 1: Weapons=4,831

1513, 40%

2275, 60%

Grantees

Non-Grantees

Cat 2: Delivery Sysms.= 9,424

3974, 45%

4859, 55%

Grantees

Non-Grantees

Cat 3: ABM Sysms.=1,495

486, 38%

795, 62%

Grantees

Non-Grantees

1995 Informal Estimate fromUkrainian GB member = 20,000-30,000

Scientists with military R&D background