science and technology in são paulo, brazil - fapesp · science and technology in são paulo,...

Science and Technology in São Paulo, Brazil

Carlos H. de Brito Cruz

Scientific Director

Fapesp

121/02/11 fapesp10-EN-20110808-IntCoop.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp

State of São Paulo, Brasil

2

34% of Brazil’s GNP

40 Million people

52% of Brazilian science

13% of State budget to HE

and R&D

1,5% GNP for R&D

3 State Universities

52 Tech Faculties

45% of the PhDs formed in

Brazil (4,500 in 2008)

19 State Research

Institutes

1 Research Foundation

65% of R&D public support

comes from State

sources21/02/11 fapesp10-EN-20110808-IntCoop.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp

http://www.guianet.com.br/guiacidades/

São Paulo: R&D Expenditures, 2010,by source

• R&D expenditures total 1.64% of state GDP

– Grew from 1.52% in 2008

• Public expenditures

– State 62%

– Federal 38%

fapesp10-EN-20110808-IntCoop.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 321/02/11

SP, R&D ExpenditureInternational standing


Fapesp: São Paulo Research Foundation

• Mission: support research in all fields• Receives 18,000 proposals per year, all peer reviewed• Funded by the State of São Paulo with 1% of all state tax

revenues• Started operations in 1962• Annual budget: $PPP 503 M in 2010 (est. $PPP 560 M, 2011)

– Fellowships (3,000 SI, 3,000 MS, 3,000 DR, 1,300 PD)– Academic R&D

• Young Investigators

– University-Industry Joint R&D– Small bussiness R&D

• 1,500 projects since 1997 (one award per week in 2010)


FAPESP yearly expenditures


FAPESP expenditures, 2009By field of science


FAPESP: international agreements for joint research funding

• Agreements with foreign funding agencies, universities and companies

• 242 joint proposals supported, 2005-2010

– France 85; U.S 52; Germany 39; U.K. 20; Argentina 10; Canada 12; Portugal 8

8fapesp10-EN-20110808-IntCoop.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 21/02/11

RCUK (UK)KCL; Surrey;Southampton; Nottingham (UK)DFG (Ge)CNRS; ANR (Fr) INSERM;INRIA;INRA (Fr)U. Toronto (Ca)U. W. Ontario (Ca)

UE-CNPq (Bioenergy)CONICET (Ar) CONICYT (Ch)ISTP (Ca)NSF (U.S.)Microsoft Research; MIT (U.S.)FCT (Portugal)

International co-authorship: 1998-2008Royal Society, March 2011


Brazil: growing scientific production


São Paulo

Brazil

SP/Brazil (%)

1111


SOAR: Southern Observatory for Astrophysical Research

12

J.B. Haislip et al., “A photometric redshift of z = 6.39 0.12 for GRB 050904”,

Nature 440, 181-183 (9 March 2006).

Infrared afterglow observation

after a GRB - unveils the

explosion which happened 13

billion years ago

IAG, USP; IF, UFRGS

Fapesp, CNPq, NSF


http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/133245main_sburst_Dana_still.jpg

Pierre Auger Cosmic Rays Observatory


Science, November 2007

Other relevant programs

• 11 Centers for Research, Innovation and Diffusion (CEPID) – Long term (11 years) funding for advanced research

• 423 Thematic Projects– 5 years researc

• Biota: Virtual Institute for Biodiversity

• BIOEN: Bioenergy Research

• PFGCC: Global Climate Change Research

• PIPE: Small Business Innovative Research

21/02/11 14fapesp10-EN-20110808-IntCoop.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp

Some desirable qualities for a research project (must convince reviewers)

• Strong core of fundamental science

– Internationally competitive

– Perspective of results being published in high impact journals

– Sound justification

• What is the state of the art

• Why and how does the proposal connect to it

• Previous experience of the prospective researchers

• Technology connections, if they exist

• Science education opportunities

• Graduate and undergraduate education

• Attraction of excellent foreign vistors and post-docs

• Management capability for the project

– Multi year: 10? 15?

– Institutional support: universities, research institutes


Doctoral degreesUSP, Unicamp and UNESP, 2009


U.S. and SP universities that graduate more than 700 PhDs per year

Brasil EUA Doutorados Num Prof.

USP 2.244 5.434

Unicamp 871 1.743

U. CA, Berkeley 856 2.028

U. TX Austin 821 2.500

Unesp 805 3.554

U. WI Madison 740 2.033

U. IL Urbana-Champaign 735 3.081

U. CA, Los Angeles 724 4.016

OH State U. main campus 719 5.272

U. MI Ann Arbor 716 n.d.

EUA 2008: S&E Doctorate Awards, 2008, Table 3.

USP, Unesp e Unicamp: 2009

FAPESP Research Program on Global Climate Change

• Global Climate Modelling

– Supercomputer – 15 Tflops sustainable

• FINEP + FAPESP

• Calls for Proposals

• Water, Carbon and Nitrogen cycles, Ecosystems, Aerosols, Land use change, Agriculture and husbandry, Human health, Human dimensions


Modeling Global Climate with an eye on the South Atlantic - Salinity

19

Possible with a new supercomputer (30,258 cores; 244

TFlps/sw; 3.84 Pb disk + 6 Pb tape; )

Fresh water discharge from the Amazon River lowers regional

salinity (res. 10 – 100 km)

Authors: Gilvan Sampaio e Carlos Nobre, PFPMCG, INPE

10 years time frame, displayed monthly


GCC effects on Coffee plantations in SP

20

+1oC

+5oC+3oC

Present


0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Non-Renewable Renewable

En

erg

y s

ou

rces i

n B

razil,

2006

47% of Brazil’s energy comes from renewable sources (2009)

21

cane

18%

Renewables in Brazil: 47%; World: 13%; OECD: 7,2%


Sugarcane for ethanol uses 0,6% of total area

22

Area used for sugarcane for ethanol (4,8

MHa, 0,6%)

Area used for agriculture (76,7 MHa, 9%)

Rural properties area (355 MHa, 42%)

Total country area (851 MHa, 100%)

Source: Horta Nogueira e Seabra (2008)

modified for 2008 data

Small bioenergy footprint


Sucrose related genes

2321/02/11fapesp10-EN-20110808-IntCoop.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

6 10 13 18 21 26 31 50

Weeks after CO2

A (

µm

ol C

O2 m

-2 s

-1)

Ambiente

Elevado ******

***

*

(a)

Ambient

Elevated

Microarray analyses 5000

genes

Sugarcane in increased CO2

2421/02/11

Buckeridge M. Et al. Plant Cell and Environment, vol.31, p. 1116 (2008)

ElevatedAmbientProductivity

60% more Biomass

fapesp10-EN-20110808-IntCoop.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp

R&D driven increase in sugarcane and ethanol productiviy


2050: Available land for biofuels(Doornbosch and Steenblik, 2007)

Land (in Gha) North Am.

South &

Centr. Am.

Europe &

Russia Africa Asia Oceania World

Total land surface 2,1 2,0 2,3 3,0 3,1 0,9 13,40

1 Apt for Rainfed cultivation 0,4 0,9 0,5 0,9 0,5 0,1 3,30

2 Apt and Under forest 0,1 0,3 0,1 0,1 0,0 0,0 0,80

3 Apt, already in use 0,2 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,6 0,1 1,50

4 Necessary for food, housing and

infrastructure until 2030/50

0,0 0,1 0,0 0,1 0,1 0,0 0,30

5 Available (Gross) [5=1-2-3-4] 0,00 0,25 0,08 0,44 -0,07 0,04 0,74

6 % for grassland 0% 0% 50% 60% n/a 0%

7 Additional land potentially available

(7)=(5)x(1-% for grassland)

0,00 0,25 0,04 0,18 -0,07 0,04 0,44

a. Most studies assume that only a small fraction of additional land is needed to feed the world’s growing population — from 6.5 billion people at

present to 9 billion people in 2050 — and that most of the increase in food requirements will be met by an increase in agricultural productivity.6 Here

it is assumed that 0.2 Gha is needed for additional food production (based on Fisher and Schrattenholzer, 2001 where a yearly increase in agricultural

productivity of 1.1% is assumed); the remainder (roughly 0.1 Gha) is needed for additional housing and infrastructure.

b. A negative number is shown here as more land is cultivated than potentially available for rain-fed cultivation because of irrigation. The negative land

available has not been rounded to zero because food imports are likely to be needed from other region with implications on their land use.

c. Numbers in this column don’t add up because of rounding.

So. Centr. Am: 0.25GHa @ 10kL/Ha.yr 2,500GL /yr (in 2005: 40 GL)

21/02/11 fapesp10-EN-20110808-IntCoop.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 26

Energy consumptionOECD and Non-OECD

Source: International Energy Outlook 2009

Estimate for 2010

21/02/11 fapesp10-EN-20110808-IntCoop.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 27

Reference quantities

2004 2050

Gasoline consumption (1) 1,200 GL 2,200 GL

Ethanol consumption 30 GL

Ethanol substituting 10% gasoline 265 GL

Ethanol substituting 100% gasoline 2,650 GL(1) Source: National Energy Information Center (NEIC)

28

Area available in South & Central America by 2050: 0,25 Gha

Area available in Africa by 2050: 0,18 Gha

(both according to Doornbosch & Steenblik, OECD, 2007)

0.43GHa @ 5 kL/Ha.yr 2,015 GL /yr (in 2005: 40 GL)

Potential for substituting for 76% of the world gasoline demand considering the

available area in South and Central America and Africa


Brazil: a Natural Knowledge Economy (K.

Bound, Demos, 2008)

29

n http://www.demos.co.uk/files/Brazil_NKE_web.pdf


BIOTA: Science, July 2009


BIOTA’s Map for Sugarcane Agroecological Zoning


Fapesp –Industry: joint calls for proposals

• Fapesp and a company issue a joint call for proposals– Themes proposed by industry– Exploratory R&D– Joint Steering Committee– Merit review by Fapesp

• Embraer, Natura, Ouro Fino, Oxiteno, Microsoft Research, Telefónica, Dedini, PadTec, SABESP, VALE, Whirlpool, Braskem.....

• 125 proposals received in 2010


Embraer-FAPESP: R&D to build an innovative jet

21/02/11 33

CFD simulation and tests

Research co-funded by FAPESP,

using several universities

fapesp10-EN-20110808-IntCoop.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp

Small Bussiness Innovative Research (PIPE)

• SBIR– Innovative content– Commercial potential of associated R&D– Increase company competitiveness– Foster an “innovation culture” in small businesses in SP

• Conditions– Non refundable funding– Up to US$ 200.000 per project– Principal Investigator must be an employee of SB

• One proposal selected per week in 2010


Location of SBIR projects951 R&D projects


http://www.defirmo.com/brito/prjcid75p.html

International cooperation projects, per country, 2005-2010


COUNTRY

GERMANY 39

ARGENTINA 20

CANADA 12

U.S.A. 52

FRANCE 85

PORTUGAL 8

UK 20

FRANCE PORTUGAL 1

GERMANY USA 1

FRANCE E PERU 1

FRANCE E CHILE 1

FRANCE, ARGENTINA AND CHILE 1

FRANCE AND URUGUAY 1

Total (2005-2010) 242

R&D Expenditures in SP: 1.64% of State GDP in 2010


FAPESP is actively seeking foreign scientists


Opportunities for foreign scientists in SP: Post-doctoral fellowships

• Three year duration (5 years in some cases)

– Stipend

– Travel for awardee and family

– Support for moving and installation

– Plus 15% fo research incidentals (travel, small equip.)

• 1,213 proposals, 683 concessions in 2009

– 56% success rate

– 1,257 fellowships paid last month


Opportunities for foreign scientists in SP: Young Investigator Awards

• 4 years grant

– Fellowship for PI

– Equipments

– Consummables

– Travel

– Fellowships for students

• 2,100 proposals, 753 concessions since 1996

– 242p/81c in 2009


FAPESP, 2010

41

Revenues, 2010 Value ($PPP) %

State appropriations (1%) 432.963.999 86%

Other 70.325.209 14%Total 503.289.208 100%

Expenditures, 2010 Value ($PPP) %

Fellowships 165.230.996 33%

Grants - Academic Research 242.160.468 48%

Grants - Application Oriented Research 71.643.432 14%

Operations 22.204.625 4%

Capex 2.049.686 0,4%Total 503.289.208 100%


Articles ISI per scientist, 2004

42

0,00 0,05 0,10 0,15 0,20 0,25

Canadá

Irlanda

Austrália

Espanha

São Paulo

Chile

Coréia

México

Argentina

Brasil

Artigos ISI publicados por pesquisador, 2004


Brazil: 11,368 PhDs graduated in 2009


Biodiversity Virtual InstituteBIOTA

• A network of 200+ scientists

• Characterize the biodiversity of the State of São Paulo, and define mechanisms for its conservation and sustainable use – Study and disseminate data, information, and knowledge

about São Paulo’s biodiversity and its importance.

– Increase public and private organizations’ capacity in managing, monitoring and using biodiversity.

– Promoting informed decisions

• http://www.biota.org.br/


BIOTA: Science – Perspectives, April 6 , 2009


SP Environment Secretary bases Resolution on BIOTA research

• Plus two Governor’s Edits

– Decree 53.939, 06Jan09 –Legal Reserves

– Decree 54.746, 04Sep09 –Conservation Units Cantareira


SP: target R&D expenditure for 2020

47

2008 2020

R&D Expenditure (% State GDP) 1,52% 2,30%

Public R&D Expenditure (% State GDP) 0,56% 0,80%

Business R&D Expenditure (% State GDP) 0,96% 1,50%

SP GDP (Billion US$ 2008; 4,5% a.a.) 566 960

Dispêndio em P&D em SP (bilhões R$ 2008) 8,6 22,1

SP R&D Expenditures 2008 a 2020 200 billion US$ from 2008


Brazil: 190 million people, 8th GNP


Brazil

ARWU


Basic Science Focus

• In the World and in Brazil there is in an “utilitarian” view about Science– Science that makes business more competitive

– Science that heals the sick

– Science that makes the poor rich

• FAPESP adds a not so “utilitarian” item– Science that makes mankind wiser

• In all fields there are fundamental questions

• Philosophy, Archeology, Literature, High Energy Physics, Cosmic Rays, Astronomy, Evolution,..


Sugarcane research


Modeling Global Climate with an eye on the South Atlantic - Salinity

52

Authors: Gilvan Sampaio e Carlos Nobre, PFPMCG, INPE


Center for Metropolitan Sudies

53

Centre for Metropolitan Studies (CEM)

The Centre for Metropolitan Studies (CEM) is dedicated to the

study of recent dynamics in urban transformation, with focus on

the Sao Paulo Metropolitan area. The project comprises three

parts: Research, Technology Transfer and Dissemination of

Information.

CEBRAP and USP

Vulnerability

Inequality

Access to public services

Social networks


http://www.centrodametropole.org.br/ENGLISH/t_pesq.html

http://www.centrodametropole.org.br/ENGLISH/t_transf.html

http://www.centrodametropole.org.br/ENGLISH/t_dif.html

http://www.centrodametropole.org.br/ENGLISH/t_dif.html

Center for Metropolitan Studies: mapping denomination insertion


science and technology in são paulo, brazil - fapesp · science and technology in são paulo,...

Documents