scientific identification & classification. applied plant sciences biology – the study of both...
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Applied plant sciences• Biology – the study of both plants and animals
1. Zoology –the part of biology that deals with animals2. Botany – the part of biology that deals with plants.
• Forestry – growing trees for lumber pr plywood• Horticulture – plants grown for food or
beautification• Agronomy – the study of soil and how plants
are grown in them• The way to distinguish among the applied
sciences is the purpose for which plants are grown
Leaves-External
• Petiole-leaf stalk or part that connects the leaf to the stem
• Blade-the large, flat part of the leaf• Midrib-the large center vein• Veins-the structural framework of
the leaf• Margin-the edge of the leaf
Leaf Retention
• Evergreen-Leaves stay on the plant all year long
• Deciduous-Leaves will fall off during the dormant periods
• Herbaceous-leaves and stems die back at the end of the season
Leaf Shapes
Cordate Elliptical Ovate Spatulate Deltoid
Lanceolate Liner
Functions of the leaf
• Photosynthesis - process by which plants collect sunlight and use it to convert carbon dioxide and water into food.
• Respiration – converts sugars and starches into energy.
• Transpiration - the release of water vapor from the leaves of the plants. It also cools the plant.
Stems• Movement of Materials
• Support of the leaves and reproductive structures
• Food storages
• Reproduction with stem cuttings or grafting
Stems-External• Lenticels - breathing pores
found on stems and branches
• Bud scale scars-
indicate where terminal buds have been
• Leaf Scars- indicate where
leaves have been attached
• Terminal bud- bud on the
end of the stem
• Axillary or lateral budAxillary bud is located at the axil of the leaf, lateral bud
is located on the sides of stems.
Root Functions
• Anchor the plant and hold it upright
• Absorb water and minerals from the soil and conduct them to the stem
• Store large quantities of plant food• Propagate or reproduce some
plants
Roots-External
• Root cap-indicates growth of new cells
• Root hairs-absorb moisture (water) and minerals
Root images from a rice plant
Layers of Roots
• Fibrous-many branched shallow roots– are easier to transplant
• Tap-long root with few branched ones– more difficult to transplant
Flowers
• Sepals-Green parts that cover and protect flower bud before it opens
• Petals-are really leaves that are modified to attract insects for flower pollination, the pretty part that we call flowers
• Stamen-male part of the flower• Pistil-female part of the flower
Parts of the Stamen
• Filament-short stalk that holds up the anther
• Anther-a sac-like structure that contains pollen, the male sex cells
Parts of the Pistil
• Stigma-sticky part on top of style where insects leave pollen
• Style-holds up the stigma and connects it to the ovary
• Ovary-if fertilized becomes a fruit or seed coat
• Ovules-the eggs or female sex cells that become seeds if fertilized
Complete-vs-Incomplete
• Complete flowers have both male and female parts
• Incomplete flowers have only male or female parts
Plant Parts-Fruit
• Cones• Nut (acorn)• Clusters or drupes (raspberry)• Capsules (willow)• Samara (maple)
Life Cycle• Annual-a plant that lives for only 1
year or less
• Biennial-a plant that lives for 2 years, usually flowering in the second year
• Perennial-a plant that lives for more than 2 years
Growth Habits• Trees: greater than 12 feet tall
• Shrubs: less than 12 feet tall
• Vines: a plant that climbs & spreads