scientific methods of research in economics
TRANSCRIPT
WELCOMES
Paper PresentationBA Economics Program
SAFI Institute of Advanced Study
Group B
FASNA P.E.
NAJMUNNIS A .K.
SUNEESH K.K
SABEEH E.
Scientific and Alternative Methods of Research in Social Science
1. Introduction to Social Science and Social Science Research
2. Alternative Methods – Historical Method– Case study method– The comparative method – The cross Culture method– The Mathematical method – Sample survey– Participant observation– The experiment Method
3. The Scientific Methods & Steps – Selection and defining topic– Reviewing the Literature – Formulating Hypothesis – Research Design (Collection,
Classifying, Analysis of data)– Testing Hypothesis – Generalization
4. Interdisciplinary Approach 5. Statistical Analysis and Social
Science6. Conclusion
Scientific and Alternative methods of Research in Social Science
Contents
1. Introduction to Social Science and Social Science Research
Scientific and Alternative methods of Research in Social Science
Scientific and Alternative methods of Research in Social Science
Social Science The field of human knowledge that deals with all aspects of the group life of human beings. So it is subject to change with the changes the human
behavior.
Meaning of Research
Research can be defined as the search for knowledge, or as any
systematic investigation, to establish novel facts, solve new or existing
problems, prove new ideas, or develop new theories, usually using a
scientific method.
Scientific and Alternative methods of Research in Social Science
2. Alternative Methods
• Historical Method
• Case study method
• The comparative method
• The cross Culture method
• The Mathematical method
• Sample survey
• Participant observation
• The experimental Method
Scientific and Alternative methods of Research in Social Science
• Historical Method
The historical method comprises the techniques and guidelines by
which historians use historical sources and other evidence to
research and then to write history
Scientific and Alternative methods of Research in Social Science
• Case study method
A case study is an intensive analysis of an individual unit (e.g., a
person, group, or event) stressing developmental factors in relation
to context.
Scientific and Alternative methods of Research in Social Science
• The comparative method
Scientific and Alternative methods of Research in Social Science
• Cross-cultural studies
Cross-cultural studies, is a specialization in anthropology and
sociology, psychology, economics, political science that uses field data
from many societies to examine the scope of human behavior and test
hypotheses about human behavior and culture.
Scientific and Alternative methods of Research in Social Science
• The Mathematical method
Mathematical economics is the application of mathematical methods to
represent economic theories and analyze problems posed in economics.
It allows formulation and derivation of key relationships in a theory with
clarity, generality, and simplicity.
Scientific and Alternative methods of Research in Social Science
• Sample survey
In statistics and survey methodology, sampling is concerned with
the selection of a subset of individuals from within a population to
estimate characteristics of the whole population
Scientific and Alternative methods of Research in Social Science
• Participant observation is a type of research strategy.
• It is a widely used methodology in cultural anthropology, sociology,
communication studies, social psychology and etc
• Its aim is to gain a close and intimate familiarity with a given group of
individuals such as a religious, occupational, or sub cultural group, or a
particular community and their practices through an intensive involvement
with people in their natural environment, usually over an extended period
of time.
• Participant observation
Scientific and Alternative methods of Research in Social Science
An experiment is a methodical procedure carried out with the goal of
verifying, falsifying, or establishing the validity of a hypothesis.
Experimentation is also used to test existing theories or new
hypotheses in order to support them or disprove them
• The experimental Method
Scientific and Alternative methods of Research in Social Science
3. The Scientific Method & its steps
I. Selection and defining Topic
II. Reviewing the Literature
III. Formulating Hypothesis
IV. Research Design (Collection, Classifying, Analysis of data)
V. Testing Hypothesis
VI. Generalization
Scientific and Alternative methods of Research in Social Science
The Scientific Method of Research
Scientific method of research refers to a body of
techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new
knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous
knowledge.
Scientific and Alternative methods of Research in Social Science
Terms related to Scientific Methods
1. Concept
2. Theory
3. Research.
Scientific and Alternative methods of Research in Social Science
Steps in Scientific Method
I. Selection and defining Topic
II. Reviewing the Literature
III. Formulating Hypothesis
IV. Research Design (Collection, Classifying, Analysis of data)
V. Testing Hypothesis
VI. Generalization
Scientific and Alternative methods of Research in Social Science
Steps in Scientific Method
I. Selection and defining Topic
FORMULATING A RESEARCH PROBLEM : Researchers organize their
research by formulating and defining a research problem. This helps them
focus the research process so that they can draw conclusions reflecting
the real world in the best possible way.
Scientific and Alternative methods of Research in Social Science
Steps in Scientific Method
II. Reviewing the Literature
A literature review is aims to review the critical points of current knowledge
including substantive findings as well as theoretical and methodological
contributions to a particular topic. Literature reviews are secondary sources
Scientific and Alternative methods of Research in Social Science
Steps in Scientific Method
III. Formulating Hypothesis
A hypothesis is a tentative statement or explanation for a phenomenon that
is subjected to testing and verification.
Scientific and Alternative methods of Research in Social Science
Steps in Scientific Method
IV. Research Design
1. Collection of Data
2. Classification of Data
3. Analysis of Data
Scientific and Alternative methods of Research in Social Science
3. The Scientific Method & its steps
VI. Testing Hypothesis
A statistical hypothesis test is a method of making decisions using data,
whether from a controlled experiment or an observational study is valid or not.
Scientific and Alternative methods of Research in Social Science
Steps in Scientific Method
VI. Generalization
Generalization is to which extent the research and the conclusions of
the research apply to the real world.
1. Introduction to Social Science and Social Science Research
2. Alternative Methods – Historical Method– Case study method– The comparative method – The cross Culture method– The Mathematical method – Sample survey– Participant observation– The experiment Method
3. The Scientific Methods & Steps – Selection and defining topic– Reviewing the Literature – Formulating Hypothesis – Research Design (Collection,
Classifying, Analysis of data)– Testing Hypothesis – Generalization
4. Interdisciplinary Approach 5. Statistical Analysis and Social Science6. Conclusion
Scientific and Alternative methods of Research in Social Science
Contents
Scientific and Alternative methods of Research in Social Science
4. Interdisciplinary Approach
Scientific and Alternative methods of Research in Social Science
4. Interdisciplinary Approach
Interdisciplinary Approach involves the combining of two or more academic
fields into one single discipline or schools of thought, as new needs and
professions have emerged.
Scientific and Alternative methods of Research in Social Science
5. Statistical Analysis and Social Science
• Population study
• Poverty analysis
• Testing theory and Hypothesis
• Correlation and regression analysis
• Analysis of Data
• Sample survey
• Prediction and inference
• Etc
Conclusion
Quest ions …???
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