Section 2. Africa

Section 2. Africa

Africa before Imperialism

Africa before Imperialism

•By 1880 only 10% in European hands•Rivers not navigable until invention of steamboat

•By 1880 only 10% in European hands•Rivers not navigable until invention of steamboat

““Dr. Livingston, I Presume”Dr. Livingston, I Presume”

David Livingstone (UK) minister exploring interior

David Livingstone (UK) minister exploring interior

•Believed dead, found by reporter Henry Stanley (UK, USA)•Story created interest in Africa

•Believed dead, found by reporter Henry Stanley (UK, USA)•Story created interest in Africa

West AfricaWest Africa

• Germany

• Britain takes Nigeria and Gold Coast

• Mostly French

• Germany

• Britain takes Nigeria and Gold Coast

• Mostly French

North AfricaNorth Africa•1841 Muhammad Ali frees Egypt from Ottomans•1841 Muhammad Ali frees Egypt from Ottomans

•Attempts to modernize Egypt•Attempts to modernize Egypt

Suez Canal built by the French: Ferdinand de

Leseppes (France)

Suez Canal built by the French: Ferdinand de

Leseppes (France)

connects Red to the

Med

•Egypt goes bankrupt•1882 Britain occupies Egypt

•Egypt goes bankrupt•1882 Britain occupies Egypt

SudanSudan

•Brits wanted to add Sudan to Egypt•Revolt led by Muhammad Ahmad (the Mahdi)

•Brits wanted to add Sudan to Egypt•Revolt led by Muhammad Ahmad (the Mahdi)

KhartoumKhartoum• British hero,

General Charles Gordon and his army destroyed

• British hero, General Charles Gordon and his army destroyed

• 4 years later (1898), Brits took Sudan

• 4 years later (1898), Brits took Sudan

Central AfricaCentral Africa

Belgians take the Congo

Belgians take the Congo

East AfricaEast Africa

• Germany and Britain compete

• Germany and Britain compete

Berlin Conference 1884-

85

Berlin Conference 1884-

85•14 European nations meet to draw up rules for colonization of Africa

•14 European nations meet to draw up rules for colonization of Africa

•Dutch settlers (Boers)--settle Cape Colony in 1652, gradually expand

•Dutch settlers (Boers)--settle Cape Colony in 1652, gradually expand

South AfricaSouth Africa

English Take Cape Colony in 1800’s

English Take Cape Colony in 1800’s

•Great Trek--Boers move inland to get away from English

•Great Trek--Boers move inland to get away from English

http://www.kwazulu.co.uk/

Zulus--united in 1816 by Shaka, under British control by 1887

Zulu CampZulu Camp20,000 20,000 peoplepeople

Boers battle Boers battle ZulusZulus

The British fight and

defeat the

Zulus

The British fight and

defeat the

Zulus

http://www.movieposterclassics.com/images/BigZoulou.jpg

Boer War--diamonds discovered in new Boer Colonies

Boer War--diamonds discovered in new Boer Colonies•At urging of Cecil Rhodes, Brits begin to

take over Boer land

•At urging of Cecil Rhodes, Brits begin to

take over Boer land

•1899--Boers take up arms•Brits use concentration camps•1902 Boers surrender

•1899--Boers take up arms•Brits use concentration camps•1902 Boers surrender

Winston Churchill serves as a reporter and later as an officer in the Boer War

Winston Churchill serves as a reporter and later as an officer in the Boer War

http://www.sagolf.co.za/safari/winston.htm

•New British colony named Rhodesia•1910 Brits created independent Union of South Africa•Only whites could vote

•New British colony named Rhodesia•1910 Brits created independent Union of South Africa•Only whites could vote

European rule in Africa

European rule in Africa

• Brits: indirect

• French: assimilation

• Others: direct

• Brits: indirect

• French: assimilation

• Others: direct

Ethiopia

King Menelik II Plays Europeans against each other Buys modern weapons

King Menelik II Plays Europeans against each other Buys modern weapons

1896defeats Italians at Adowa

1896defeats Italians at Adowa

Becomes only African country to remain free except...

Becomes only African country to remain free except...

Liberia Which was protected by the USA

Impact of Colonial Rule

Impact of Colonial Rule

•Better medicine, communications, sanitation, education•Disease, famine, near slave work conditions

•Better medicine, communications, sanitation, education•Disease, famine, near slave work conditions

•Little industrial development•National boundaries established regardless of ethnic boundaries (source of much warfare today)

•Little industrial development•National boundaries established regardless of ethnic boundaries (source of much warfare today)

IntermissionIntermission