systemic arteries

Section 6, chapter 15

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• Aorta - Main trunk of the systemic circulation.

• Divisions of the aorta• Aortic root = attachment to heart

• Ascending Aorta

• Aortic arch

• Thoracic aorta

• Abdominal aorta

Arterial Divisions

1. Aortic Valve

2. Aortic Sinus - Swelling at aortic root

3. Aortic Bodies• Chemoreceptors - monitor CO2 & O2 levels in blood

4. Right and left coronary arteries

Structures at the aortic root

Right Coronary Artery branches• Posterior interventricular artery:

• supplies walls of both ventricles

• Marginal artery:• supplies right atrium and right ventricle

Coronary Arteries

Left Coronary Artery branches• Anterior interventricular artery:

• supplies walls of both ventricles

• Circumflex Artery:• supplies left atrium and left ventricle

Blocked coronary artery = myocardial infarction

1. Brachiocephalic artery • Right common carotid artery:

supplies right neck and head

• Right subclavian artery: supplies right arm

2. Left common carotid artery • supplies left neck and head

3. Left subclavian artery • Supplies left arm

Branches of Aortic Arch

Branches of Thoracic Aorta

Grant’s Anatomy. Branches of the thoracic aorta

1. Bronchial Arteries – supplies bronchi

2. Pericardial artery – supplies pericardium

3. Esophageal arteries – supplies esophagus

Branches of Abdominal AortaPhrenic arteries

• supply diaphragm

Celiac Trunk 1. Gastric a. - supply stomach2. Splenic a. – supply spleen & pancreas3. Hepatic a. – supplies liver with O2 blood

Superior Mesenteric a. • Supplies small intestine

Suprarenal a.• Supplies adrenal glands

Branches of Abdominal Aorta

Gonadal arteries. • Male = testicular arteries• Female = Ovarian arteries

Renal arteries• Supplies kidneys

Lumbar arteries• Supplies skin and muscles of lower back

Inferior mesenteric artery• Supplies most of large intestine

Divisions of Common Carotid Arteries

1. External Carotid Arteries• Supplies blood to

face, neck, and scalp

2. Internal Carotid Arteries• Supplies blood to brain

• Provides 75% of blood to brain

Carotid Sinus - point of bifurcation• Carotid bodies – chemoreceptors• Carotid baroreceptors• Common site of stenosis (narrowing)

Arteries to the Brain, Head, and Neck

Branches of Internal Carotid Artery

1. Ophthalmic artery• supplies eyes

2. Anterior cerebral artery • supplies medial surface of brain

3. Middle cerebral artery • Supplies lateral surface of brain

Internal carotid arteries

Arteries to the Brain, Head, and Neck

Vertebral Arteries• Provides 25% of blood supply to brain

• Branch from subclavian arteries

• Pass through transverse foramen of cervical vertebrae

• Enter skull through foramen magnum

Arteries to the Brain, Head, and Neck

Basilar Artery• Both vertebral arteries merge to form a

basilar artery at the base of the brain.

• Supplies blood to brainstem

• Branch: Posterior cerebral artery• Supplies occipital and temporal lobes

Arteries to the Brain, Head, and Neck

Cerebral Arterial Circle (Circle of Willis)• Joins the internal carotid arteries with basilar artery at base of brain

• Provides anastomoses (alternate routes) for blood flow

Arteries to the Brain, Head, and Neck

Arteries to the Shoulder and Upper

LimbAxillary Artery

• Arises from subclavian artery

Brachial Artery • Continuation of axillary artery• Used for measuring blood pressure

Ulnar Artery• Continues along medial arm to wrist

Radial Artery • Continues along lateral arm

to wrist

• Convenient vessel for taking your pulse

Veins that drain the head and neck

Dural Venous Sinuses• Located between 2 layers of dura mater• Major CSF draining pathway from brain

Internal Jugular Veins• Drains blood from brain and deep face• Arise from dural sinuses

External Jugular Veins• Drains blood from face, scalp, and neck

Veins that drain the arm

Ulnar & Radial Veins • drain forearm and hands• Merge for form brachial veins

Basilic Vein• Located on medial aspect of arm• Joins the brachial vein near the axilla

Cephalic Vein• Courses upward on the lateral arm• Joins axillary vein to form subclavian vein

Axillary Vein• Formed from the merging of basilic and

brachial veins

Median Cubital Vein• Joins basilic and cephalic veins at elbow• Often the site of venipuncture

Hepatic Portal System

Portal System – drains blood from one capillary bed into a second capillary bed.

Hepatic Portal Vein (HPV)• Carries nutrient rich blood

from abdominal viscera to the liver for processing

Hepatic Portal SystemTributaries of Hepatic Portal Vein

• Gastric vein – blood from stomach

• Splenic vein – blood from spleen & pancreas

• Superior mesenteric vein – blood from small intestine

• Inferior mesenteric vein – blood from large intestine

Abdominal Sinusoids Inferiorviscera HPV of Liver Hepatic Vein Vena Cava heart

Pathway of Hepatic Portal System

End of Chapter 15