the cardiovascular system: blood...

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prepared by

Karen Dunbar Kareiva

Ivy Tech Community College© Annie Leibovitz/Contact Press Images

Chapter 18 Part C

The

Cardiovascular

System:

Blood Vessels

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

18.11 Principal Vessels of the Systemic

Circulation

• Diagrams of oxygen-rich blood are shown in red,

whereas oxygen-poor blood is shown in blue

• Schematic flowcharts (pipe diagrams) show vessels

that are closer to the surface in brighter colors,

whereas vessels that are deeper are shown in

darker shades

• Tips for memorizing vessels:

– Name of vessel usually reflects body region being

traversed (axillary, brachial, femoral, etc.), or organ

served (renal, hepatic, gonadal), or bone being

followed (vertebral, radial, tibial)


18.11 Principal Vessels of the Systemic

Circulation

• Arteries and veins tend to run side by side, and,

in many places, they also run with nerves

• Systemic vessels do not always match on right

and left sides of body

– Example: almost all vessels in head and limbs

are bilaterally symmetrical, but some large, deep

vessels of trunk are asymmetrical or unpaired


Figure 18.21a Major arteries of the systemic circulation.


Diaphragm

R. vertebral L. vertebral

R. axillary

Arteries of

R. upper

limb

Visceral branches Parietal branches

Visceral branches Parietal branches

L. ventricle of heart

L. axillary

Aortic arch

Arteries of R. lower limb

Schematic flowchart

Arteries of L. lower limb

Arteries of

L. upper

limb

R. external

carotid artery

R. internal

carotid artery

L. external

carotid artery

L. internal

carotid artery

R. common carotid

– right side of head and neck

L. common carotid

– left side of head and neck

R. subclavian

– neck and

R. upper limb

Brachiocephalic

– head, neck, and

R. upper limb

L. subclavian

– neck and L.

upper limb

Ascending aorta

– L. ventricle to sternal angle

L. and R. coronary

arteriesThoracic aorta T5–T12 (diaphragm)

Mediastinal

– posterior

media-

stinum

Esophageal

– esophagus

Bronchial

– lungs and

bronchi

Pericardial

– pericardium

Posterior intercostals

– intercostal muscles, spinal

cord, vertebrae, pleurae, skin

Superior phrenics

– posterior and superior

diaphragm

Abdominal aorta T12 (diaphragm)–L4

Gonadal

– testes or

ovaries

Suprarenal

– adrenal

glands

and

Renal

– kidneys

Superior

and inferior

mesenterics

– small

intestine

– colon

Celiac trunk

– liver

– gallbladder

– spleen

– stomach

– esophagus

– duodenum

Inferior phrenics

– inferior diaphragm

Lumbars

– posterior

abdominal

wall

Median sacral

– sacrum

– coccyx

L. common iliac

– pelvis and L. lower limb

R. common iliac

– pelvis and R. lower limb

Figure 18.21b Major arteries of the systemic circulation.


Internal carotid artery

Common carotid arteries

Subclavian artery Subclavian artery

Aortic arch

Ascending aorta

Coronary artery

Renal artery

Superficial palmar arch

Radial artery

Ulnar artery

Internal iliac artery

Deep palmar arch

Vertebral artery

Brachiocephalic trunk

Axillary artery

Brachial artery

Abdominal aorta

Superior mesenteric artery

Gonadal artery

Common iliac artery

External iliac artery

Digital arteries

Femoral artery

Popliteal artery

Anterior tibial artery

Posterior tibial artery

Arcuate artery

Illustration, anterior view

Inferior mesenteric artery

Celiac trunk

External carotid artery

Arteries of the head and trunk

Arteries that supply the upper limb

Arteries that supply the lower limb

Figure 18.22a Arteries of the head, neck, and brain.



Aortic arch

(a) Schematic flowchart

Cerebral arterial circle

R. and L. anteriorcerebral arteries

Anterior

communicating

artery

R. and L.posterior

communicatingarteries

Basilarartery

R. and L.commoncarotidarteries

R. and L.subclavianarteries

Superiorthyroidartery

Lingualartery

Facialartery

Occipital

artery

Maxillary

artery

Superficial

temporal

artery

Ophthalmic

artery

R. Middlecerebralartery

R. Posteriorcerebralartery

R. and L.vertebralarteries

R. and L.internalcarotidarteries

R. and L.externalcarotidarteries

Figure 18.22b Arteries of the head, neck, and brain.


Basilar artery

Vertebralartery


Subclavianartery

Axillary artery

External carotid artery

Commoncarotid artery

Thyrocervicaltrunk

Costocervicaltrunk

• Superficial temporal artery

Ophthalmic artery

• Maxillary artery

• Facial artery

• Lingual artery

• Superior thyroid artery

Larynx

Thyroid gland(overlying trachea)

Clavicle (cut)


Internal thoracic artery

Branches of

the external

carotid artery

• Occipital artery

Arteries of the head and neck, right aspect

Figure 18.22c Arteries of the head, neck, and brain.


Colorized arteriograph of the arterial

supply of the brain

Figure 18.22d Arteries of the head, neck, and brain.


Frontal lobe

Optic chiasma

Middle cerebral artery


Mammillarybody

Temporal lobe

Occipital lobe

Major arteries serving the brain (inferior view, right side of cerebellum and part of right temporal lobe removed)

Pons

Posterior

Cerebral arterial

circle

(circle of Willis)

• Posterior cerebral artery

Basilar artery

Vertebral artery

Cerebellum

• Posterior communicating artery

• Anterior cerebral artery

• Anterior communicating artery

Anterior

Figure 18.23a Arteries of the right upper limb and thorax.


Internalthoracicartery

Lateralthoracicartery

Anteriorintercostalarteries


Metacarpal arteries

Digital arteries

Ulnar artery

Commoninterosseousartery

Radialartery

Deep palmar arch

Anastomosis

Subscapularartery

Thoracicaorta

Posteriorintercostalarteries

Costocervicaltrunk

Aortic arch


L. subclavianartery

L. vertebral artery

L. common carotid artery

Schematic flowchart

R. commoncarotidarteryR. vertebral artery

Thyrocervical trunk

Suprascapular artery

R. subclavian artery

Axillary artery

Thoracoacromialartery

Thoracoacromialartery (pectoralbranch

Anterior and posteriorcircumflexhumeralarteries

Brachialartery

Deepartery of arm

Figure 18.23b Arteries of the right upper limb and thorax.


Vertebral artery

Costocervical trunk

Thoracoacromial artery

Axillary artery

Subscapular artery

Radial artery

Ulnar artery

Illustration, anterior view

Deep palmar arch


Digital arteries

Brachial artery

Suprascapular artery

Thyrocervical trunk

Common carotid arteries

Right subclavian artery

Left subclavian artery


Posterior intercostalarteries

Anterior intercostal artery

Internal thoracic artery

Lateral thoracic artery

Descending aorta

Posterior circumflexhumeral artery

Anterior circumflexhumeral artery

Deep artery of arm

Common interosseousartery

Figure 18.24a Arteries of the abdomen.

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.Schematic flowchart.

Median sacral artery

R. colicartery

L. gastroepiploic artery

R. gastroepiploicartery

Ileocolic artery

Intestinal arteries

Common iliac arteries

Gastro-duodenalartery

Hepaticarteryproper

Commonhepaticartery

Splenicartery

R. gastricartery

L. gastric artery

L

Middle colicartery

R

Diaphragm

Abdominalaorta

Inferiorphrenicarteries

Celiactrunk

Middlesuprarenalarteries

Superiormesentericartery

Renalarteries

Gonadalarteries

Inferiormesentericartery

Lumbararteries

Superior rectalartery

L. colicartery

Sigmoidalarteries

Figure 18.24b Arteries of the abdomen.


Liver (cut) Diaphragm

Esophagus

Left gastric artery

Superior mesentericartery

Left gastroepiploicartery

Spleen

Stomach

Pancreas(major portion liesposterior to stomach)

Splenic artery

Inferior vena cava

Celiac trunk

Hepatic artery proper

Common hepatic artery

Gastroduodenal artery

Right gastric artery

Gallbladder

Abdominal aorta

Right gastroepiploicartery

Duodenum

The celiac trunk and its major branches. The left half of the liver has been removed.

Figure 18.24c Arteries of the abdomen.


Major branches of the abdominal aorta.

Hiatus (opening)for inferior vena cava

Diaphragm

Inferior phrenic artery

Middle suprarenal artery

Renal artery



Median sacralartery

Common iliac artery

Ureter

Gonadal (testicularor ovarian) artery

Hiatus (opening)for esophagus

Celiac trunk

Adrenal (suprarenal)gland

Kidney

Abdominal aorta

Lumbar arteries

Figure 18.24d Arteries of the abdomen.


Distribution of the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries. The transverse colon has

been pulled superiorly.

Celiac trunk

Transverse colon


Aorta

Descending colon

Sigmoid colon


Ascending colon

Ileum

Right common iliac artery

Appendix

Cecum

Branches of the inferior

mesenteric artery

• Left colic artery

• Sigmoidal arteries

• Superior rectal artery

Branches of the superior

mesenteric artery

• Middle colic artery

• Intestinal arteries

• Right colic artery

• Ileocolic artery

Rectum

Figure 18.25a Arteries of the right pelvis and lower limb.


Superiorglutealartery

Inferior glutealartery

Internal pudendal

Medial circumflexfemoral artery

Lateralcircumflexfemoralartery

Internaliliacartery

Obturatorartery

Externaliliac artery

Deeparteryof thigh

Femoralartery

Adductorhiatus

Arterial anastomosis

Anteriortibialartery

Poplitealartery

Fibular (peroneal)artery

Lateral plantarartery

Posterior tibialartery

Dorsalispedis artery

Arcuateartery


Dorsal metatarsal arteries

Plantar arch

Medial plantarartery

Schematic flowchart

Abdominalaorta

Commoniliacartery

Plantar metatarsalarteries

Figure 18.25b Arteries of the right pelvis and lower limb.


Common iliac artery

Deep artery of thigh

Obturator artery

Femoral artery

Adductor hiatus

Popliteal artery


Posterior tibial artery

Fibular artery

Dorsalis pedis artery

Arcuate artery

Dorsal metatarsalarteries

Anterior view

Internal iliac artery

Superior gluteal artery

External iliac artery

Lateral circumflex femoral artery

Medial circumflexfemoral artery

Figure 18.25c Arteries of the right pelvis and lower limb.


Posterior view

Popliteal artery


Fibularartery

Dorsalis pedisartery (from topof foot)

Plantararch

Medial plantarartery


Posterior tibialartery

Figure 18.26a Major veins of the systemic circulation.


R. external

jugular

– superficial

head and neck

R. vertebral

– cervical spinal

cord and

vertebrae

R. brachiocephalic

– R. side of head and R. upper limb

Superior vena cava

– runs from union of brachiocephalic

veins behind manubrium to R. atrium

Inferior vena cava

– runs from junction of common iliac

veins at L5 to R. atrium of heart

R. atrium of heart

Diaphragm

L. brachiocephalic

– L. side of head and L. upper limb

Intracranial

dural venous sinuses

R. internal jugular

– dural venous

sinuses of the brainR. subclavian

– R. head, neck,

and upper

limbSame as R. brachiocephalic

R. axillary

Azygos system

– drains much of

thorax

L., R., and middle

hepatic veins

– liver

Veins of

L. lower limb

Schematic flowchart

L. and R. renal veins

– kidneys

Lumbar veins

(several pairs)

– posterior abdominal

wall

R. suprarenal

(L. suprarenal drains

into L. renal vein)

– adrenal glands

R. gonadal

(L. gonadal drains

into L. renal vein)

– testis or ovary

Veins of

R. lower limb

Veins of

R. upper

limb

R. common iliac

– pelvis and R. lower

limb

L. common iliac

– pelvis and L. lower

limb

Figure 18.26b Major veins of the systemic circulation.


Renal vein

Splenic vein

Basilic vein

Brachial vein

Cephalic vein

Dural venous sinuses

External jugular vein

Vertebral vein

Internal jugular vein

Superior vena cava

Right and left

brachiocephalic veins Axillary vein

Great cardiac vein

Hepatic veins

Hepatic portal vein

Superior mesenteric vein

Inferior vena cava

Ulnar vein

Radial vein

Common iliac vein

External iliac vein

Internal iliac vein Digital veins

Femoral vein

Great saphenous vein

Popliteal vein

Posterior tibial vein

Anterior tibial vein

Small saphenous vein

Dorsal venous arch

Dorsal metatarsal veins

Inferior mesenteric vein

Median cubital vein

Subclavian vein

Veins of the head and trunk

Veins that drain

the upper limb

Veins that drain the lower limb

Illustration, anterior view. The vessels of the pulmonary circulation are not shown.

Figure 18.27a Venous drainage of the head, neck, and brain.


Schematic flowchart

Superior sagittalsinus

Inferiorsagittal sinus Superficial

temporal vein

Ophthalmicveinvein

Facial veinCavernoussinus

Straightsinus

Transversesinus

Occipitalvein

Posterior auricularvein

Sigmoid sinus

External jugularvein

Vertebral vein

Subclavian vein

Superior vena cava

Brachiocephalic veins

Middle thyroid vein

Superior thyroid vein


Figure 18.27b Venous drainage of the head, neck, and brain.


Veins of the head and neck, right superficial aspect

Vertebral vein

Ophthalmic vein

Externaljugular vein

Superficial temporalvein

Facial vein

Occipital vein

Posteriorauricular vein

Internaljugular vein

Superior and middlethyroid veins

Brachiocephalicvein

Subclavian vein

Superiorvena cava

Figure 18.27c Venous drainage of the head, neck, and brain.


Dural venous sinuses of the brain

Superior sagittal sinus

Falx cerebri

Inferior sagittal sinus

Straight sinus

Cavernous sinus

Transverse sinuses

Sigmoid sinus

Jugular foramen

Right internal jugular vein

Figure 18.28a Veins of the thorax and right upper limb.


Axillary

vein

Subclavian

vein

External

jugular vein

Internal

jugular vein

Brachiocephalic

veins

Superior

vena cava

Accessory

hemiazygos

vein

Brachial

vein

Median

cubital

vein

Hemiazygos

vein

Ulnar

vein

Radial

vein

Deep venous

palmar arch

Metacarpal veins

Superficial venous

palmar arch

Digital veins

Schematic flowchart

Right and left posterior

intercostal veins

Azygos

vein

Basilic

vein

Cephalic

vein

Median

antebrachial

vein

Figure 18.28b Veins of the thorax and right upper limb.


Right subclavian vein

Brachiocephalic veins

Axillary vein

Brachial vein

Cephalic vein

Basilic vein

Median cubitalvein

Median antebrachialvein

Basilic vein


External jugular vein

Left subclavian vein

Superior vena cava

Azygos vein

Inferior vena cava

Ascending lumbar vein

Accessory hemiazygos vein

Hemiazygos vein

Posterior intercostals

Ulnar vein

Deep venous palmar arch

Superficial venous palmar arch

Digital veins

Cephalic vein

Radial vein

Anterior view

Figure 18.29a Veins of the abdomen.

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.Schematic flowchart.

Inferiorvena cava

Inferior phrenic veins

Hepatic veins

Hepatic portal vein

Superior mesenteric vein

Splenic vein

Inferiormesentericvein

L. ascendinglumbar vein

External iliac vein

Common iliacveins

R. ascendinglumbar vein

Gonadal veins

Renal veins

Suprarenalveins

Lumbarveins

Hepaticportalsystem

Cystic vein

Internal iliac veins

Figure 18.29b Veins of the abdomen.


Hepatic veins

Inferior phrenic vein

Left suprarenal vein

Left ascendinglumbar vein

Lumbar veins

Left gonadal vein

Common iliac vein

Internal iliac vein

Renal veins

Inferior vena cava

Right suprarenalvein

Right gonadalvein

External iliac vein

Tributaries of the inferior vena cava. Venous drainage of abdominal organs not drainedby the hepatic portal vein.

Figure 18.29c Veins of the abdomen.


The hepatic portal circulation.

Hepaticveins

Liver Spleen

Gastric veins

Inferior vena cava

Splenic vein

Rightgastroepiploic vein

Inferiormesenteric vein

Superiormesenteric vein

Large intestine

Hepatic

portal

vein

Smallintestine

Rectum

Figure 18.30a Veins of the right lower limb.


Smallsaphenousvein

Fibular(peroneal)vein

Dorsal venousarch

Dorsalmetatarsalveins

Schematic flowchart of the anterior and posterior veins

Anterior Posterior

Internaliliacvein

Inferiorvena cava

Femoralvein

External iliac vein

Femoralvein

Smallsaphenousvein

Fibular(peroneal)vein

Plantarveins

Deep plantar arch

Digital veins

Greatsaphenous

vein

Poplitealvein

Anteriortibialvein

Posteriortibialvein

Dorsalispedisvein

Common iliac vein

Figure 18.30b Veins of the right lower limb.


Popliteal vein

Common iliac vein

Fibular vein

Anteriortibial vein

Dorsalispedis vein

Dorsal venousarch

Dorsalmetatarsalveins

Anterior view

Internal iliac vein

External iliac vein

Inguinal ligament

Femoral vein

Great saphenousvein (superficial)

Smallsaphenousvein

Figure 18.30c Veins of the right lower limb.


Great saphenousvein

Popliteal vein

Anterior tibial vein

Fibular vein

Small saphenousvein (superficial)

Posteriortibial vein

Plantar veins

Deep plantar arch

Digital veins

Posterior view

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