Security Institutions Reform – Management or Self-

Organization? TheThe

Organization for Security and Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Co-operation in Europe

(OSCE)(OSCE)

Don´t fix it if it ain´t broken

Stereotypes and Reality.....

International Organisations as Actors?

The largest European

Security Institution composed of 56 States

The Concept of The Concept of “Interlocking Institutions“ “Interlocking Institutions“

““Interlocking Decision-making“ Interlocking Decision-making“

In reality, “Interlocking“ would In reality, “Interlocking“ would be undertaken by the respective be undertaken by the respective

Foreign Ministries...Foreign Ministries...

OriginsOrigins

It was not planned that way,It was not planned that way,it just happenedit just happened

CurrentCurrentStructuresStructures

Structures IDecision-

Making Bodies

Structures IDecision-

Making BodiesMinisterial

Council(annual)

Senior Council(2x/year)

Chairperson-in-Office (one year)

Chair as with C-i-O

Chair as with C-i-O

Chair rotates quarterly

Permanent Council(weekly)

Forum for SecurityCo-operation

(weekly)

Summit Meetings(bi-annual)

ParliamentaryAssembly

ParliamentaryAssembly

All 56

Participating States

All 56

Participating States

Structures II : Executive LevelStructures II : Executive Level

Chairman-in-Office

RepresentativeFreedom of Media

SecretaryGeneral

High Commissioneron National Minorities

Administrative ControlAdministrative Control

ODIHR

SecretariatConflict

Prevention Center(OpsCent+ SitRoom)

Department ofManagement and Finance

Office of the SG

Department ofHuman

Resources

CharacteristicsCharacteristics

Organization for Organization for Security and Co-operationSecurity and Co-operationSecurity Security byby Co-operationCo-operation

Characteristics ICharacteristics I

Regional Arrangementunder Chapter VIII

UN-Charter

Primary Function:

Cooperative Security

(Art. 52)

Primary Function:

Cooperative Security

(Art. 52)

No Enforcement,except whenauthorized by

UN Security Council (Art. 53)

Prevention rather than repressionPrevention rather than repression

InstrumentsInstruments

Instruments of Conflict Prevention in the OSCE Framework

In the Political Field• Peaceful Settlement of

Disputes• Political and Humanitarian

Emergency Mechanisms• Missions of Preventive

Diplomacy and Crisis Management

• High Commissioner on National Minorities

In the Military Field

• Confidence- and Security-Building Measures

• Code of Conduct on Politico-Military Issues

• Military Emergency Mechanisms

TajikistanTajikistan

Types:Types:•preventivepreventive•Conflict ResolutionConflict Resolution•Post-conflict rehabilitationPost-conflict rehabilitation

199219921993199319941994199519951996199619971997199819981999199920002000200120012002200220032003

OSCE Field OperationsOSCE Field Operations

?StabilityStability

InstabilityInstability““Transmission belt“Transmission belt“

Russian FederationRussian Federation

criticizescriticizes::

- “One-sided“ emphasis on problem - “One-sided“ emphasis on problem areas in Eastern Europeareas in Eastern Europe;; - “Lack of balance“ between the - “Lack of balance“ between the human dimension and the politico-human dimension and the politico-military dimension;military dimension;- Western domination.- Western domination.

Looses interest in OSCE Looses interest in OSCE

Their last hope vanished...Their last hope vanished...

““Platform for co-operative Security”Platform for co-operative Security”

•International Co-operation based on Partnership International Co-operation based on Partnership excluding excluding hierarchy and permanent division of labourhierarchy and permanent division of labour

Istanbul Charter 1999Istanbul Charter 1999

Reforms ??

Panel of Panel of Eminent Eminent Persons, Persons,

20052005

Recommend-Recommend-ationsations

Recommendations:Recommendations:

- - Strengthening the OSCE's identity and Strengthening the OSCE's identity and profile. profile. - - Improving consultative and decision-Improving consultative and decision-making processes. making processes. - - Clarifying the roles of the Chairman-in-Clarifying the roles of the Chairman-in-Office and Secretary General. Office and Secretary General. - - Enhancing field operations. Enhancing field operations. - - Strengthening operational capacities. Strengthening operational capacities.

Recommendations:Recommendations:

Strengthening the OSCE's identity and Strengthening the OSCE's identity and profile: profile: - Legal personality- Legal personality- Concise “Statute” or “Charter”- Concise “Statute” or “Charter”- Raise profile by focusing on limited - Raise profile by focusing on limited range of prioritiesrange of priorities- Provide to the public a better - Provide to the public a better understanding understanding

Recommendations:Recommendations:

Improving consultative and decision-Improving consultative and decision-making processes:making processes:- Committee structure (Security, Human - Committee structure (Security, Human Dimension, Economy and Environment)Dimension, Economy and Environment)- Merge FSC with Security - Merge FSC with Security Committee(?)Committee(?)- Consensus rule preserved- Consensus rule preserved- Identify countries blocking consensus- Identify countries blocking consensus- Streamline Ministerial Council - Streamline Ministerial Council MeetingsMeetings

Recommendations:Recommendations:Clarifying the roles of CIO and SGClarifying the roles of CIO and SG

Chairman-in Chairman-in Office:Office:-Political -Political leadershipleadership-Political -Political iniativesiniatives-Assisting in -Assisting in building building consensusconsensus

Secretary GeneralSecretary General- Public face- Public face- Greater role in - Greater role in identifying potential identifying potential threatsthreats- More active role in- More active role inoperational managementoperational managementcoordinating OSCE coordinating OSCE activitiesactivities

Recommendations:Recommendations:

Enhancing field operations:Enhancing field operations: - Clear mandates- Clear mandates- Mandates for one year , renewable- Mandates for one year , renewable- Realistic benchmarks- Realistic benchmarks- Regular reports by HOMs- Regular reports by HOMs- Local staffing to build national - Local staffing to build national capacitiescapacities- Thematic Missions- Thematic Missions- Transparent selection of HOMs- Transparent selection of HOMs

Recommendations:Recommendations:

Strengthening operational capacitiesStrengthening operational capacities- Resist proliferation of structures;- Resist proliferation of structures;- - Personal and Special Representatives; Personal and Special Representatives; for limited time, no separate operational for limited time, no separate operational capabilites;capabilites;- Employment based on professionalism, - Employment based on professionalism, retain staff to preserve continuity;retain staff to preserve continuity;- Re-structure Secretariat to reflect - Re-structure Secretariat to reflect political and operational changes.political and operational changes.

...But Russian Resistance...But Russian Resistancecontinues :continues :

- “Lack of balance“ - “Lack of balance“ between the human between the human dimension and the dimension and the politico-military politico-military dimension dimension - “One-sided“ - “One-sided“ emphasis on problem emphasis on problem areas in Eastern areas in Eastern EuropeEurope- Western domination- Western domination

-““Do not criticize Do not criticize our human rights our human rights record, but disarm“record, but disarm“- “Send missions - “Send missions also to problem also to problem areas in Western areas in Western Europe“Europe“- “Take us more - “Take us more serious – we are still serious – we are still a major power“a major power“

The core area of The core area of continued common continued common

interest:interest:The fight against The fight against

terrorismterrorism

Conclusions

Conclusions:a)The OSCE works well within its

scope – do not overburden it;b)Problems are less of a structural

but more of a political nature;c)Whatever concepts we might

prefer – it is the States who finally decide;

d)Self-Organization is the only realistic way.