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TRANSCRIPT
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FRMS - Experience within FTLsImplementing and maintaining a performance driven FRMS
FRMS Forum Montreal Cpt. Kristjof TritschlerManager FRMS
01. September 2011 MSc Air Safety Management
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FRMS – Experience within FTLs
5 Fatigue Performance
3 Fatigue Safety Action Group FSAG
2 Fatigue Management Framework
1 Chronology
4 Multilayered Defenses
6 Conclusions
0 Germanwings
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Germanwings
Based in Germany, operation under European law (EU OPS SubpartQ) Low Cost Carrier (LCC principle: maximum aircraft & crew utilization) Schedule is compressed, short turn around times of 25min Mainly short haul, minimum flight duration 40min, maximum 4:00h Flight operations is around the clock 24/7 Aircraft and crew return to home base after each duty
Unionized from the start (Labor Agreements) Germanwings offers a bidding system to its crews It’s the first German Airline managing fatigue trough an “FRMS”.
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FRMS – Experience within FTLs
5 Fatigue Performance
3 Fatigue Safety Action Group FSAG
2 Fatigue Management Framework
1 Chronology
4 Multilayered Defenses
6 Conclusions
0 Germanwings
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Chronology: From tired flight crews to a performance driven FRMS
Oct 2002 Start of Flight Operations GermanwingsOct 2005 CRM recurrent training topic: „Fatigue & Vigilance“Aug 2006 First fatigue surveyDec 2006 Report databank analysis identified fatigue as a problemJan 2007 Proposal: „Alertness Management Program“Mar 2007 Decision by senior management to implement FRMS, Policy signedMay 2007 Initial meeting FSAGJan 2008 Official application of scientific (additional) roster rulesSep 2008 Scientific study of „Workload & Fatigue“ by DLRDec 2008 Fatigue software introduced for performance monitoringFeb 2009 First „Fatigue Management Training“ for crew schedulersMay 2010 New senior management, new FRMS policy signedMar 2011 Fatigue model-based optimizing of rostersAug 2011 First predictive performance indicators.
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FRMS – Experience within FTLs
5 Fatigue Performance
3 Fatigue Safety Action Group FSAG
2 Fatigue Management Framework
1 Chronology
4 Multilayered Defenses
6 Conclusions
0 Germanwings
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Roster Design Lifestyle &Sleep
Workload
Fatigue Management Framework
Some say, fatigue is all about sleep
Others say, it‘s the roster that makes
people tired
Is FRMS the solution to cope with increasing
demands?
Increasing cost pressure requires
less people to take more work
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Roster Design Lifestyle &Sleep
WorkloadManagementDuties
Fatigue Management Framework
Company‘s Responsibility Individual Responsibility
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Roster Design Lifestyle &Sleep
WorkloadManagementDuties
Fatigue Management Framework
We need both sides!
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FRMS – Experience within FTLs
5 Fatigue Performance
3 Fatigue Safety Action Group FSAG
2 Fatigue Management Framework
1 Chronology
4 Multilayered Defenses
6 Conclusions
0 Germanwings
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The Fatigue Safety Action Group (FSAG)
Union
OCC
Rostering
Flight OpsFleet
NetworkDevelopment
Flight Safety
FSAG
Independence, methodologies,
science, risk ass.
Airline-schedule destinationsairport slots
Resources: pilots/crewAssign schedule
to crews
Adjust schedule (and duties) to real demand
The crew on duty: actually perform the
flights
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Fatigue Safety Action Group (FSAG)
FSAG Principles:
All recommendations must be - relevant for specific operations based on scientific data consistent with company‘s business objectives
The FSAG provides recommendations only-Decissions are up to the Safety Review Board, according risk assessment and effectiveness of recommendations.
All participants of the FSAG are „non decision makers“ (!)
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FRMS – Experience within FTLs
5 Fatigue Performance
3 Fatigue Safety Action Group FSAG
2 Fatigue Management Framework
1 Chronology
4 Multilayered Defenses
6 Conclusions
0 Germanwings
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Multilayered Defenses to Control Fatigue Risk (SIRA)
Fatigue / 24h Ops F
TL
Fatigue Rules
Fatigue Model
Terminate Dut y
Bad Decission / Accident
Frequency exposure
Tired Crew
on Duty
Prevent RecoverUndesired State
Conse-quence
Unfit
to Fl y
On Job
Strategy
Prev
Strategy
Fatigue
Investigation
Fatigue
Reporting
Fatigue
Performance
Labor
Agreement
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Multilayered Defenses to Control Fatigue Risk (SIRA)
Fatigue Rules
Fatigue Model
Prevent Recover
On Job
Strategy
Prev
Strategy
Fatigue
Investigation
Fatigue
Reporting
Fatigue
Performance
Fatigue / 24h Ops F
TL
Terminate Dut y
Bad Decission / Accident
Frequency
Tired Crew
on Duty
Undesired State
Conse-quence
Unfit
to Fl y
Labor
Agreement
Measurable Improvement
Less high sev. reports
Less incidents with fatigue
SIRA: 10-9
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FRMS – Experience within FTLs
5 Fatigue Performance
3 Fatigue Safety Action Group FSAG
2 Fatigue Management Framework
1 Chronology
4 Multilayered Defenses
6 Conclusions
0 Germanwings
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If we want to manage it – we need to measure it: SPIs
Several Safety Performance Indicators (SPIs) are defined
One is explained here –
It is based on software results according scientific alghorithms
It is an example – no competition !!!
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FRMS – Experience within FTLs
5 Fatigue Performance
3 Fatigue Safety Action Group FSAG
2 Fatigue Management Framework
1 Chronology
4 Multilayered Defenses
6 Conclusions
0 Germanwings
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Conclusions after 5 years of managing fatigue through FRMS
Managing fatigue is a shared responsibility – don’t forget the other side
The FSAG is a benefit itself
Principles for FSAG are indispensable (specific, scientific, economic)
Fatigue Software beneficial for performance monitoring & assessment
The main conclusion concerning rostering in fatigue management: It is not the single duty which causes high levels of fatigue! It is the sequence of duties and how humans can adopt to it!This results in manageable rosters without loss in productivity.
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Last Slide:
Implementation of a FRMS is beneficial even within FTLs and labor agreements
We can demonstrate a reduction of fatigue risk with high(er) crew productivity at the same time
Today we consider a performance driven FRMS the best way to manage fatigue.
Thank you for your attention!
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Why introducing FRMS within existing FTLs?
Operational experience showed fatigue evidence
Fatigue risk mitigation was obviously inefficient through compliance to prescriptive FTLs and labor agreements
Maximum crew productivity not fully achieved before
No „off the shelf“ solution available to manage fatigue risk
EU-OPS Q: transfers responsibility to manage fatigue to the operator and individual crew members
ICAO Annex 6: SMS requires operators to keep all hazards at or below an acceptable level of risk.