sej iii - grammar test week 13pdf

8/2/2019 SEJ III - Grammar Test WEEK 13pdf

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17 The oun hrase

Exercise170Noun phrases: dentifying he head ISGE 17'1-21

Identi fy thc head nouns in thc fol lowing passage.The noun phrascshave been

picked out andnumbereclcxccpt fbr singlcpronounsancl ne-word nantes,which

arc ignorccl.

tsBC weathermanMichae Fish'slrr i l r rrz to givc a warning of the grcat stolnt t l f .

O c t o b e r l 9 l J 7 ( l )

was

a spcctacular xarnplc of how nroclcrnntcteorolouy l 'ai ls 2)

says;

thc Consuntc rs 'Assoc ia l i on 3)

i n

a rcport (; l)

toclay.

I t c la in ts hu l

thc Met Ol ' l icc's ncrlr t lot lopoly on trtctcorology 5)

ci lstsa c louc l 6 )

ovc f

consurncr n tc fcs l s . 7 )

and argues irr

an Ol ' l i cco l 'F l i rTrac l ing invcs t iga t ionnto hc wcathcr orccast i r tqndust ry . 8 )

The associat ion'sW/r ir ' l r ' , )r tagazitrc cport (9)

strcsscs hi l t

f i r recast ing l0)

i s c l car l y nrprov in l ovcra l l . bu t i t t l rkcs

the Met Ot tcc ( I l )

to

t a s k 2 )

f i r r t i r i l ing o cxp l l i n

thc wcather l3 )

l n

a user - f i i cnd lyway. ( l4)

I t saysthc languagc l ' i sobarsand ant i cyc loncs l 5)

is lcss mpor tant hat twhcther

St r t fo lksht l r . r l c lu t ou l i t s wash ing '

and ca l l s or

bet te r r i lns lat ions f whal f i r rccasts c lua l l v ncan. l6 )

W h i c l t . ' l l )

favours



Relat ive lauses 133

a new style of forecast ingbasedon probabi l i ty. ( l t3)

Closer to

the scienceofplacing a bet on a horse ( l9)

than

a tradit ional fbrecast, 20)th is wou ld inc lude

phrasessuch as'there

is a 70 per cent chance of rain in thc South' (2 I )

rather han thc morc usual' there

ntay be scattercdshowers'.

Exerc i se 171 Rela t i ve c lauses : whose [SGE 17.6 ]

Rewritc thc lbl lowing sentcnccswith n' l t rr .rcf possiblc.anclscewhat thc original

wri tcrs wlolc. But onc scntel lcccannot bc changecl why' l

E.runrplt ' ' . hey have given thousatrdsol ' pouncls t t var ious pressure groups,rn i sch ie f - rnak ing od ics hc rna in purposcol ' wh ich i s to st i r up ha t rcd anc l

cl isorclcr.

At rsu 'cr ' .. . rn i sch ic f - rnak ing od ies ,whosenta in pt r rposc s . . .

I I carnc o rcal izc his through the study. not of ccortt lnt ics that abstract cicncc

thc pro lcssors t f wh ich ncvcr scen) b l c o i l g rec bu l o f 'h i s to ry .wh ich i s thc

rccortl of causc ancle-ff'cct.

2 Bcrrnonclse turns t tut to havc bccn unique as hc f irst by-clcct ion ol 'which thc

rcsul l has bccn clair t tct lby al l party spokcslt tenas a victory.3 Whcn Dorscy dccidcs. l i r r plot rcasons ol ' which i t takcs an acconrpl ishcd

scriptwri tcr to convirrcc you. lo aucl i t ion l i rr that lernalc part in a clayt i lnc

te l cv i s ionso lp opcra ,hc becomcs vcrn igh ta cu l t succcss .

4 Th is i s a tour thc func t ionof wh ich i s l o i t t t roducehe Pr inccss i l Canat la .

5 When you havc l (X) rn i l l i on do l la rs hc va lue of wh ich you must t . t t t in t l in

against nf lat ion. therc arc l tot l -ni tny afc plact 's o P1l11.

6 The clccornt ion f Chinesc ncol i thic pottcry nearly always cottsistccl f abstract

anclgt:ornetr icclesigns.hc rneaningof which is n<ttuncle stt locl .

Exercise172Relat ive lauses SGE 17.5-11]

Cornpletc thc passagc by inscrt ing relat ive words as ncccssary. lncl icalc all

poss ib l ca l te rna t i vcs .nc luc l i ng cro( - ) .

Thc rnys tery 1 ' thcBe rnudaTr i rngle i s i n tac t .Arncr i candccp sead ivcrs I ) wr t r t

clairrrecl ast month lo havc f i rund the wrccks of f ive US Navy planes (2)

. . . . . . d i sappcarcd car Bcrmut la havc annt tunccd hat they arc not thc

fanrous ,ost Squadrttn.Thc wrccks l ) . . . . . . t hc c l i vc rs i rund as t t t t tn th n 750 t i ' c to l 'water 0

nri lesof l ' thc coastof Flclr iclawcre of an carlierr noclclof 'TB M Avcngcr than the

f ivc ( -1) . . . . . . van ished n t ra in ing l i gh t l9 on a hazy a l j c rn t to tr n 1945.

The squac l ron 's i s i tppearancc e lpcc lbui l t l the rcputat iono l ' t hc Bermuda' I ' r i ang lc .

in ( -5) . . . . . pcop le .p lanesant l bo i t tsarc sa i t l o van ishwi thout

trace.

When the wrecks wcrc lbund it sccrnccl s i f thc myth ha clbeen shattered.But

M r G r i r h a r n a w k c . 6 ) . . . . . . l e d t h es e a r c h . a n d t o ( 7 ) . . . . . . t ' e l l t h e



134 The noun phrase

unenviable ask of i idr.r .r i t t ingmistake. saicl csterday:We arc now quitc ccrtain

tha t he f ivc a i rcraf t t i ) . . . . . . wc t i rundare not thoseof f l i gh t 19 .

H is ev identc l i sappo i r r tn rcn t .9) . . . . . . pc rhaps ef lec tcd hc los t o r tunc

( l0) . . . . . . h i s companyhac l tooc l o rnakc ' romsa lvag in-ehc d i scovcry ,

w i l l bc rna tchcc l y thc p leasure f othcrs l l ) . . . . . . en. joy hc myst t - r ioLrspower o t ' t he Tr iang le . thc th rcc po in ts o f ( 12) . . . . . . are t i r rmed by

Bcrnrut la . uc l to R ico and Miarn i .

Mr Tccl Darcy. an archleokrgical aclviscr o Thc Scicnt i f ic Scarch Prcr. jcct.aid

that hc arca n ( I 3 ) . . . . . . thc f vc wrccks wcrc t i ru l tdwas uscdhy thc l - lS

Navy as a prac t i cc ange i r r low- lcvc l torpcdo uns,ar t c lha l thc l ive p l i t ncs 1.1)

. . . . . .wcrc l i rund wcr -cpr -obab l l 'os t i n scpar - l t c cc idcntsovcr scvcra l

ycars .

SusanPorvcrs -Span l l c r .l -5 . . . . . l ' a thcr l i sappca lcd i th thc i t tnous

l -os tScluat l ronn l9 :1 -5 .a ic l : ' r r rsad hut hcy wercn ' t l i r L rnd . u t k ind o l 'g lad n

luu ' l y tha t t rv i tsn ' t hcnr .

So thc wrccks( l6) . . . . . . t l i scovcrvurouscd uch r r tcrcstas lnrontha lc

n o t r l u i l cw h a t h e y ' s e c r t t c r l .n c i d c n t a l l y .h c ' p l a c c l 7 ) . . . . . . t l t c v r c c k s

werc t i rurrt lhus also cluinrcr l nrarr l 'shi1.rs.t td i t was thc hopc of f inding Spunish

gul lcor rs hat or - ig i r ta l l y l rcu, l t c t l i vc rs o lhc spo l .

Exercise173Relat ive lauses SGE 17.5-121

. lo in up 1hc inf i r r - rnul ion ivcn , so tha t i n cuc l t cusc y( ) r . l avc or tc scntcncc

c o n t u i n i n g c l u l i v c l u u s c s .

l i . ru t t t l t l t :Sontc ; - rcoplc n t l c r tukc or tq . jour r t cys .fhcy

wi l l rc t t tc t t tbct - thcsc

. j o u r n c y s l l t h e i r i v c s .

; l r r . r ' r ' c r ' :onrepeop lcur r t l cr lakcong. jour -ncys/ r i t t tc t t / t r r . r r / - - thcyi l l rcr t tcr t tbcr -

a l l t h c i r i v e s .

I' I r avc l l e

rs on th c Tnrns-Si t rcr - i lna i lwav ukc 3d lvs .1 hour -s-5nr i t tu tcs t t hc

. jountc l ' .' l ' l r t -

l ' rans-Sibc l ' iun-a i lway l r c tchcs hrnr Moscr tw to thc l )ac i l i c

Occun. )Lu ' i ngh is . j ourncv hcre urc 97 sto l ' rs

I T h el n r ! i a n - P a c i l i c ' r a i l w a l c r o s s c s A u s l r a l i a l l ' o n r P c r t l t ( ) 1 1

t h e n d i a n O c c u r )

to Syc lncy n thc Pac i f i c . l s epu la l i on s pcrhu l . r scss cursonrc han hc ' r ' uns

S be i i t t t .

I l t cuv t ' r su tl i s tancc l ' 2 .710 nr i l cs . i . - l -51 nr ) . Ol ' thcsc.197 nr i l cs - l7 lJ rn tacn lss l . rc Lr l lurborP la inarc l car ls tn r igh t . h i s i s thc longcs t tn r igh t l re tc l t

o1 'nr i lw i tv n thc wol ld .

:1 J 'hcsc . jo r . r rnc tsP l ' r cu lou ccr to in t ' pc ( ) f ' t ravc l icr . ce ta in ypc o l t rave- l l e t

i s no l in a I i r . r r r r ' .-o h is t_vpc t t rave l c r thc . journcy . ot t l tc t r r iva l .nra l tcr \ .



5

Appositivelauses 135

GarySowerby Canada) ndTim Cahill USA)clrove fbur-rvhccl rivepick-

Lrpruck lom UshuaiaArgent ina)o Prudhoc ay Alaska. SA) n l9f t7 rt

just unclcr ,: l lays. irn CahillwasGary Sowerby's tl-clrivcr rlcl avigator.

FnrrnUshuaiao Prudhoe ay s a d istancc f l :1.739 r i les 13.720 rn). usl

undcr2zldays s a recolcl imc lbr thc ourney.

6 They wcrc howcvcr surfacc l ' r 'eightcd vcl thc Daricn ( ia1l. Daricn Ciap is

bctwccp ColortrbiaanclPanarla. I Icre thc Trans-Atrtcr icanhighway t locs trol

c x l s t .

Exercise174Apposit iveclauses SGE 17.13]

Whcn tw0 ltounpl-rr i tscsrc n ap1-rosit ion.hcy lrothrclc'r lo thc sit t l lcpe sol l

t l r t h ing .s6 ha tonc g ivcsus norcdc t r i l sabout l tco thcr .Sot t tc t i t t l cs / / r {1I

clausc s irr apposi i ion t l i t r t abstracl loun l ikc./ i rcl . lL'u. i r t f t r-rr t t t l i r t t t .

Rcwr i tc hc nt i rnnt t i r lnso hu t n cachcasc oL lhavca si r tg lc ct l l c t lcc ol l t l l l l l l l l l l

a l lor. l l r arr apl 'rosi t ivc l i t t tsc.l i1ut t tp l t , ' . onrcpcop lchc l i cvc ha lwc canabo l i shwar .

fh i sscc t t t st ' . rpc l r r la thc t .

than r t :a l is t ic .

A2,rn,r ,r ' : l r t ' t t l ic. f t l r t t t 1 ' ( dtt ol tol isl t 11'( / / 'sccnlsopcl ir l ral l tcr tharl rcal isl ic.

I I )coplcsonte t in tcs usgcs t h i r twc l r c noI i t l l cc lu l r l . h i s r t t l tkcs t l t l l cpeop lc

vc fy angry .

A n y . . .

I Sornc1-rcoplcxplain thul uccidcntsarc tt f tct t tobotly's l ' l r r-r l t .Lrt tr l t l lvpcoplc

( lo I l o t cccpt l l l i s .l l lny pcoplc

J I w ls to ld tha t l tcrcarc rno lcsc icnt is ls l i vc o t lav l tar t tavccvcr l i vc t l bct i r rc .

ls that a f irct ' l

l s t a . .

: l Sc icn t i s l ssay tha t thcrc l t t .c t lo t o l ' b lack ho lcs in t l l c r - rn ivcrsc. t lo t t ' t

un( lcrstal tclhis thcorY.

I ckrn'tunclcr-stal tdl te

-5 Thc unive 'scslar lct l with a big birrrg.Thcrc is also that i t lca.

Thcrc sa lso hc . .

6 C)1'coursc c hopc t tt r icl thc w't l r lcl f povcrty. Bu1clt t l wc/

I s t l r c r en y . . . . . . . - - - - - - . !

7 Nc-i lArmstrong rcrnarke'clvhcn hc stcPpctlon to the rttOtln.J'hat 's

t t l le stt lal l

step itr a tnalt .onc gianl lcap t i r l ntrnkinr l ." Evcr) 'ot- tccntct- t lbcrshis.

Evervo t te ct t re tbcrsNci l Ar r r rs t r r l l l ! l . . .

f i S h i l k c s l t c a t ' r ( ) t - , s c r \ ' c ( i t h i r t ' u l l t i t c u o r l ( l ' \ r it i t ! c ' . 1 ' t l ' t t - t o t s t t t - c $ h c t l t c r ' l a g . r e c

I ' rn n i . r t u r i : v l te thc i r tgruc ' , lh . . . . .



136 The noun phrase

Exercise 175 Postmodif icat ion by nonfini te clauses [SGE

17.14-181

Rewrite the sentences y changing he f ini te relat iveclauses nto nonfini tc fbrms.

Use -i l ,q tbrrns. cr1lbrms or lo- inf ini t ives as suitable.N1ark he new noun phrases

you have made.

E.rurnplt : The rnan who wrote thc obituarics s rny f i icnd.

Ansn'cr ' . HEMANwRrl 'rN(;'nrroBrrLlARrESs nty fr iend.

E.runtpla'. ny coins that arc fbund on this si tc rnust be hanclcd o the pol icc.

Ar t .su, t ' t : , \Ny'o tNS:olNr ) N r r rssn ' t , rus f bc handcc l o thc po l i cc .

E.runt l t l t , : hc ncxt train that arr ivcd was l l 'orn York.

Attsv'ct" .'ntt NItxt 'TRAIN o ARRtvt. .as l 'ront York.

Mi l l i ons o f insomniacs ou ld bcnc f i l l ' o r l a new tcchn ique l ) r . r ' f i i ri n tu\ ' (ur (

slceltlt.s.ttrt,s.r.2) u'ltit h i,sbustd ot r 'thou,qltt-.juntnritr,q'.

Thc idca is that a simplc word l ike t lu' .(3)v'hi t 'h is rcpcutet l utr l t ' r t l tc l t reut l t

t l r t ' t 'c tr . f t tut ' t i rnt ' .sst, t ' t t t r t l ,an block st irnulat ing houghtsancl nclucc lccp.This

anti- i t rsorttniaechniquc 1) u' l t i t t is l tci trc cstcl l t . t 't .scurr ' l tcrs.f i 'onronrbri t l ,J(

offcrs pi l l - f iec hopc tirr nt i l l ions ("5)n' l rr , ,suft t ' t ' . f rontlccplc.sstr t ' .ss.t is basedon

a theory ha t hc bra in hasa kind o1' ' lnenl ory ra l ' l i c ont ro l ' , (6) u,h ich t t rs tu t

cu l lcd ' t l r tccr r t ru l t . rc t 'u l t l r " .anc l hat th isconl ro ls in t i r r rnat ion(7) t l ru t t t r tcr . ; t l r t '

l t t ' t r r

Thc Carnbr i t l gc car r rbe l i evcs hat wi th insornn iacs1hc ccnt ra l cxccut i vc 'i ns i s ts on f inc l i ng asks whcn noth ing (8) thut i .sl tur t icu lur l . t ' i t r t t , t ' t ' , t t i r r , :s

happcnirrg.Thc tcant clccicicclo look l i r r ways (91 itr u'hi t h thc.r 'cotr ld royidL'u

stt 'ud.t ' . f lou'oftr . forntut iotrrr tr t hc brrr i r i ,which woulcl prcvcrrt t f ront looking firr

ot l rer tasks(10) t l rut i t t otr ld do.

Thc agc-olcl cchniqucol 'counting shccpasa rne hocl l l ) t l tut nru.y-t t t luccslctp

rcc lu i r cs onccnt ra t ion ncls t i r lu la tcs l toushtsabout hc in rag inaryshcc-p12)

t l tut ut '( ln' i t re oturtcr l . Rcpcating a boring l i t t lc worcl l ike t / ic is so clul l that the

only thing\13)

t l rur r t to.stt t 'oplc

tr tr tht is to go to slccp.

Tests (11) thut huyt l tcctr . tpccit t l l . t ' tlcsigrtado tr_\ '()uthe thcort, wcrc carr iccl

or.r t ncicrcontrol lcclconcl i t ions.A third o1'those l-5) r ' l ro v,( t ' ( t (stcl haclquick

succcss.But othe peoplc staycclawake'Ihcy

wcrc ablc t<t .nouth inrple words

whi fc s t i l l t h ink ingo l l r c r houehts . ' l ' hc rcs s t i l l work (16) t l u t tn( ( (1. \ ( )be t lo t t t ' .

Exercise176Postmodif icat ion y preposit ional hrases[SGE17.19-231

Preposi t ionalhrascs rc icquent ly sed o 'postrnocl i fy 'nouns.hat s to

aclclnlirrnration fier hent.

Fi l l n hcgapswithsui tablereposi t ions.ndundcrl inehenounphraseshat hcprcpositional hrases repartof.

This is usual ly asy ( l ) u rt tu 'wn'n '111l ' funt i l t ' .o t icc,however,hat

sometimes prepositionalhrase ontains nolhcr. husat (9) there s no nounphrascrlicri lulvrell-bcingttpht'sit 'ul crrlr/r.nsteadhcprcpositionalhrase.,l

pltvsitalhealthbelongso thebiggernounphrase:the atest tudy . [ the l fet ts . . . mental c l l -being)nphvsi tu l eul th l



Nominal izat ion 137

If you have a row ( I .)u rrHyour family today, you could end up with a cold by the

end (2) . the week. Research 3) . psychologists uggest hat oyless

days iu l l o f i r r i ta t ion (4) . . . . . . . . . . a soc ia l k in t l can lead to a weaken ing

( - 5 ) . . . . . . . . . . t h e d i s e a s e - f i g h t i n g i m m u n e s y s t e m , a n d t h a t t b u r d a y s ( 6 ) . " ' . . . . .

a row your systemcan becomc too weak to stop cold viruses i t lm attacking.

Thc theory s the a tes t tudy(7) . the ef f 'ects U) . . . ' . . . . . . menta lwc l l -

be ing (9) phys ica lhca l th .

Ev ic lence 10) . . . . . . . . . . such e f fbc ts has a l r cady becn lbunc l fo r a numbcr

( l l ) . . . . . . . . . . s c r i o u s l i s c a s e s .y p i c a l l y h t l s ew h t l h a v e p r o b l c n l s x p r c s s i n g

emot ions 12) . . . . . angeror who havesuf l t rec l raumat ic xper i cnces f i c r hc

d e a t h 3 ) . . . . . . . . . . a s p o u s e p p e a r o b c m o s t a t r i s k .

Now a sir l i lar ef ' fccthasbeen buncl l ' l ) . . . the conl lnon colcl .A hunclrecl

c l e r i c a lt a t ' f ( I 5 ) . a t a x o f f i c c ( | 6 ) . . . . . . . . . . t h c n o r t h ( I 1 ) . . . . . . . . . . E n g l a n c l

wcre askcd o kccp a c l i a ry l l t ) . . . . . . . . . . t he i r hca l th . hc i r tn t todsa l td wha l sor t

( 1 9 ) . . . . . . . . . d a y h c yh a d .

Aficr tcn wecks,sevcntccl lvoluntccrshacl olds. I t thcn cmergcd hat t i rur days

1 2 0 ) . . . . . . . . . . c o n t r a c t i n gh c c o l c l . h c r c h a c l c c n a r t t a r k c d l r o p 2 1 ) . " . . . . . . .

c l iary cn t r i cs record inC r icnt l l y re a t ions (22) . . . . t he i r spot l scs . tnt l r t

i n c r e a s c2 3 ) . . . . . . . . . . h e r u t n b e r 2 4 ) . . . . . . . . . . s t l c i a l n l l o y a r l c c s .

The rescarchcrs cl ieve hat al l th s showsa dc i l i tc l ink (25 ) . rt toocl t t t l

int 'cct ion.So - i f you don't wltnt a c<l ld.dt ln' t gct i tnnoyccl!

Exercise177Nominal izat ionSGE 17.23]

Noun phrascs ltat corrcsponcl o vcrbs and 0thcr clauseclcl l tcnts arc sott le i r t tcs

ca l cd norn ina l i z i t t i ons .

Rewr i te he i t l lowi t rg,us ingnouns n p laccot ' thc vcrbs n i ta l i c . t r t t l tak i t t t r t t ry

othcr changes lccessary.

E.runtplc' . he rt ' f rrscr i o l tnswt:r ,which was disapppoint int.

Atrsu'tr ' . lcrrathsuI |() d|Ish'( t was disappoint ing.

| | ful i t t ' t ' that thc hrc was startccl n purposc.

I t 's ny

2 Thcy corrcslt t t t tLlcr li r r twcnty years.

lustedir r

3 Is the wrrrdcooccureverhv-phctratctl'!

Is hcrczl Thcy tchuvedcallybaclly,which upset vcryone.

T h e i r . .

5 Thesepeople nhubitoneof thc remotcst laccs n earth.

The epeople rc .

6 Everyone ompetingmustputdown he r nilmcs.

A l l t he .

7 Did anyone trrt 't i 'ehecrash'J

Were here

8 The way theyorgani:erl he eventwas brilliant.

T h e . . .



138 The nounphrase

c) Those chi ldren wcrc no t very wel l t t lucutet l .

T h o s e c h i l d r e n ' s . . . . .

l0 You should pru(t isc n1ore.

You ncc t l

I I I t was wondcrful when the hostageswcre relcu.sct l .The hostagcs'

l 2 l don ' t l i ke thc way you cont inua l l ycr i t i c i : t ' .

I d o n ' t i k c o u r . . .

lJ Carr wc dt ' t 'urt ,q( o rrreel ' l

Can we rnake

I ' l What do thc slarsanclstr ipes synrl tol i :c' l

W h a ta r c h c . . . . . . . .o l ' l

l -5 Per l raps c shou ldl tub l ic i : t ' thc c lub morc .

Pcrhaps hc c lub nccc ls .

l6 Havc you lt 'd thc cat ' /

Wl re e i s the ' l r l ' s

l 7 I t ' s a ho tc l whcrc you cundi t r t ' in thc gardcn.

I t 'sa hotc lwhcrcyoucanhavc .

l8 Whcn o f f iccs ' t l o t t t t ' . hc s taf f dor r ' t usua l l v i kc i t .

Ol ' f icc . Lrsual ly pscts hestat l .

l9 I coulcl l'rltclly brcuthc.

I w t t s o u l o l . . . . .20 You didn't olt cct bclirrc.

Y o u t l i t l t t ' l l r i s t 'r r t y

Exercise178Apposition [SGE 17.271

Two or nrorenotll phrascs rc n i lpposil ionwhcn heyrcf'cr o thc samcpcrson

or th ing.

Conrplctchcsc uthcnt icluota l ionsy adding hc i r l lowing pposi t ivehlase

in thcr ightp l i rccs.

E.tuntplc'.5(a) cgreatly lisl ikcshcBrit ish -ibrarybuilding. fhst-rising loton

thc EustonRoad.

(a) a fast-rising loton thc EustonRoacl

(b) thc atcstworcl n anti-t iaud now-how

(c) thepol ice lev icci r r rnrnob i l izingl legal ly arkcclars(d) the will ingncssol' acaclernicso pay tribute o the lcaders f' bloodthirsty

rcgilnes

(e) those icher hanhirnsclf(f ) thcnror us

(g ) M i l l i e

I Three iplornatic arswereamong he i rst46victimsof thcwheel lampwhen

it came ntooperationn London n 1983.

2 Murauchi asa low opinionof thescramble y thenew rich br European rt.

3 The Bushes' paniel s the atest n a long ine of White Housepets.zl It wasgangwart-are. e had o kil l themor theywould havekil ledus.

-5 He greatlydislikes heBrit ishLibrarybuilding.6 Australia'snew plasticbanknotestil l cannotcope with earlier brms of



Premodification 39

technology. eopleeaving he Sl0 notc tl trouscr ockcts avc bund hat t

shr inks hen roned.

7 Thc 0t ingof thecl ictator 's i t 'e y thepolytechnics a classic xarnplel f a

pcetr I i l r rht 'not t tct t , t t l .

Exercise 179 Premodification by participles ISGE 17'28-331

Corlp lc lc hc ir l l t tu ' ing.s ing rert todi ly ingart ic ip lcs l loLrr )s-butonlywhcre

possib lc.

f ittrttt lt l t ' .Sonrc tlays otlayclisgr,rslttc.

r l l t . r ' t lc l : Thcrc arc s( Nl l , ) ls( i t s ' l \ ( i I ' l - i \ \ s t (x laY.

I T h e l l l l r r \ \ l r \ \ e t y r ' l t l e r l r l i l l i l l ' J .

I tw u s . .I l i t lwartlFox'spcrli l t ' t t lattcctt l.t itzctlts.

Hc gavc

I I ur l rn i rch i rn l i r r t l l c w i t v hc t i rnc t lh is r rc l i t rs cat r t i l i r l l l

I ar ln t i rcEdward rox 's .

4 I don ' t l i kc pcop lc w l to a r r i vc l t t c .

Itfc i l n l-l sll l lcc

.5 Thc langultgcot 'sott . tc lavs ralhcr surpr iscs t lc.

SonlcplaYs t) l l tal l l

( r Onc n lun wi ls ca l l y shockcd nd lc l l .

C ) t t c. .

7 Thc c l r i ldrcnbeh in t l l s wcrc la l k ing , wl t ich rvas t l lL l l s l t l l cc .

l l- l 'he

sccnc hat t

T h c . . . . . . . . . . .

9 Wc got icc-crcatt ts n thc i l r lcrval artdatc thct l l .

D u r i n g h c n t c r v a lw c . . . .

l 0 | c lon ' tusu l l l y buy a prograt r ln lc ccauscwon ' t pay thc pr iccs hcy dcr t t r tn t l .

T h e . . . . . . . .a r c o oh i g h .

I I Wc always rcscrvc our scit ts.

Wc a l w a y s a v c . . . .

l2 Thc plot was rathcr corlpl icatecl.

T h e p l a y h a d . . .

l3 Thc p lay enc ledwi th a ' tw is t ' l l ta t was not unrc la tcc l .

Therc was ' a t thc encl '

l4 Wc certainly were no1expcct ing that encl ing

Thatwasccr ta in l y .

Exercise 180 Attributive nouns [SGE 17.35]

Makecompound ounson thc pattern oun+ noun.

Example:a book of cheques

Ansv,er: chequebook

I someonedd ic tedo d rugs . . . . . . . . .

2 insurancen PeoPle'sives=3 stra in n theeyes . . . .

l pcncd hc play was br i l l ian l



140 The noun phrase

a bulletinof news=

fhe skin of a banana=

an outbre k of measles

cha i r s o use n t l t c g i l rdcn=

decay n the eethholes in a. lacket,h i r tetc) br one'

a brush or brushing ne'sclothes

an in te l lectualwhosc head s sa id o look l i kc an c Is =

a fami ly wi th two cars=

an ol. l iccwhcre you canpost cttcrs andbuy stanlpsetc =

a placcwhereyou canwait tbr buscs o stop=

sorneonewho si ts wi th (and looks a f ie r ) bab ies (and vouns ch i ld ren) =

15o

1

6u

l 0l lt 2I --)

t 4l-5

s arms=

l 6

l l

ilt

l 9

20

an ol ' f icc block of ' tcn storcys=

a hol iday arrangedas a packagc=

control of arrns(wcapons) =

a shop sc l l i ngdrcsses

l ixx l that s real ly unk =

Exercise181Noun phrases n general[SGE Chapter17]

Study thc f i l llowing passage. nd then altswcr thc cprcst ionshat f i r l low.

Itr Nove ntbe thc sportsrncn hangc hcir ckrthcs.Thc f ishing roclsarc pul lwly in

favour o l ' sho t guns at rdhunt ing boots .Eac l rycar - hcspor ts lnan s bci r ru r rorc

c losc ly rnarkcr lby an ant i - spor tsnran.f i cn thc s l radowol 'h i rnsc l f . The ant i -

spor ts lncn rc par l o l ' a l ooscco l l cc t i ono l 'ac t i v i s torg l r r iz l r t ions,o l tecrnedwi th

an i rna l wcl l l rc . and rang ing across hc who le skc in < l f re la t i onsh ips c twccn

Iturnankincl ancl he aninral w<lrkl .

Thc an t i - sp t l rt snrcncck o c l i rn ina lc unt ing , l roo t ing nc l i sh ingasa past in tc .

Thcy ac lop tmelhoc ls l ' bchav ioLr r h i ch apar t i 'onrbc ing unc iv i l , l ' no t i l l cgt l ,

rcvcal a wcakrtess irr thc chasc the r cluarry n this instanccbcing lhe sportsrnrrr

and h is ac t i v i t i es wh ich bcarsa s t r i k ing rcscrnb lancco thc wcakncsscs hcy

aflcct to deplorc in othcrs.

So l i r r thc carnpaign has prosperccl nore against tbx hunting than ugairrst

shooting or f i sh ng . Internt t tcnt harassmcnt f huntsancl he r supportcrsoccur

throughout thc winter sonrcwhereacross he country. Nevertheless bx hunting

s ince he war hasprospercc l. .

Opposit ion to f icld sports n Bri tain is alnrostas tradit ional as the f ielclsports

thcrrtselves. oth sidesof the argurnenthave i tcratureand a culturc which stretchback fbr centur ies.Hitherto the argurnenthas been conductecl nir ly; but therc is

eviclence hat a new war is now being waged with f-ewerholds barrcd by thosc

whose purpose s to el iminate f iclcl sports iom the Bri t ish scene

one disconce t ing aspectof the argument s thc extent to which it rcveals hat

country habitsand perspect ives rebecoming essand essunderstood r respected

by ci ty dwel lers; and i t is more often the ci ty dwel lers who command the money

and the acccss o the media which gives them a better opportunity to press heir

arguments o successtulconclusions.



Nounphrases 141

(a) Premodification.ompletchcse ounphrasesrom he extwithadjectivesr

anadject ive- l ikcart ic ip le.

I a loosc conncct lon

ske in

3 . . . hu tnanre'st'rlblrne r'

5 . . . s c c n c

6 . . . oppor tu l l r ty

(b) Cornplcte thcsc noun phrasc-s hcrc thc prcrnocl i f icr s a noulr or nor-rn- l ike

-il,q firrrn:

1 . . . . . . r o t l s

ll shot

9 . . . . . . b o o t sl o . . . . o r . u l t t t i z r t l i t l t t s

I I . . . . s p o i l s

I r c o u n t r y . . . a l t t l

( c) Post rnod i l i ca t ion .ornplc tc hcscnoun phrascs . hcre thc pos lnrod i l i ca t ion

is a prcpos i t i ona l l t rasc .

l 3 r . c l a t i o n s h i p t. .

l r l . . . . . . . . . . . i r s l p l s t i r l t e

l 5 l t w t ' l t k l t c r s. . . . . .

l 6 i n l c n n i t t c r t t i t r a s s r t t c l t t. . . . .

l 7 t i r x l t u n t i n g. . . . .

l 8 t h t ' r t v t t l r e t l l ( ' t ) l

l ( , b t r l l t i t l e s . .

2 0 . . . . . . . . . t o t h c n c c l i a

(d) F ind lhc r rot rn l r rascs h i ch l r c conrp lc l cdby l l rc rc la t ivcc luuscs ho 'u l ' n :

2 l . . . . . . . . . . w h i c h r c v c u la w c a k l t c s si r r l r cc h a s c

) 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . w h i c h b e r s t s t r i k i n g c s et t b l a l t c co t l t c

w c a k n e s s e s. .

l 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . l h c y a l l c c t1 o l c p l o r c n o t l t c r s

2 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . w h i c h s t r c t c h a c k i t r c c t r t t t r i c s

2 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . w h o s cp u r p o s c s t o c l i n r i n a t ch c s p o r t . .

2 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . t o w h i c h i t r c v c a l s h a l c o u n t f yh l b i t s a n d

pe spcct ivcsarc bcconri trg ess att t l css Ltt tclcrsl t tocl

2 1 . . . . . . . . . . w h i c h g i v c s t h e t t a b e t c r o p p o r l u r r i t yo

prcss hci r a rgunrcn ts osucccss fu l o r t c lus i t tns

(c ) l r inc l he nor t l in i le erbs /c lauscshi t t pos t l l l od i ty hcsc louns :l X l e t i v i s t r t l t t t i z l t l i o t t s

2 9 t ' c w e r h o l d s . . . . . . .

. l ( l bc l l c ropp( ) rl un i l y

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