semester 4 syllabus final draft

Muhammad Faizan Ali/DMC/Semester 4/Syllabus/ of 8

GIT and Liver Module (8 weeks) Gross Anatomy Embryo/Histo Physio Biochem Patho/Micro Pharma Misc.

W E E K 1

Introduction & divisions of GIT + abdominal quadrants Anterior abdominal wall Division of abdomen into regions and quadrants and their contents Inguinal canal Peritoneum Overview of peritoneal Cavity & peritoneal reflections + vertical disposition Esophagus (Abdominal Part), Stomach

Development of GIT (derivatives of fore gut) Esophagus +general plan (Histo lab) General histological plan of G.I.T + Esophagus Stomach histology

Introduction to the digestive system Ingestion of food (mastication reflex) Functions of the smooth muscle and their electrical properties Nervous and hormonal control of GIT Secretions of saliva (composition, function and regulation) Motor Functions Of Esophagus &Stomach

Use of colorimeter for diagnosis of diseases (Relate with Kit methods) Over view of Digestion and Absorption of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins

Patho: Diseases of salivary gland (non-tumors & tumors) Patho: Motor disorders, varices, esophagitis & Baretts

- Skills Lab: Introduction to abdominal examination

W E E K 2

Duodenum and pancreas Blood supply of GIT Abdominal aorta (+blood supply of abdomen) Peritoneum- horizontal disposition Small and large intestines and their comparison

Development of GIT (derivatives of midgut and hindgut) Stomach (Histo lab) Small intestine Histo Large intestine Histo

Gastric secretion (function, composition and regulation) Secretions of Small and Large intestines Movements of small and large intestines

Composition of Peritoneal fluid in relation to Peritoneal Dialysis Coenzymes derived from vitamins and their role in metabolic actions (Vit: B3,4,5,6.)

Patho: Acute and Chronic gastritis Patho: Peptic ulcer and H. pylori association Micro: Diagnosis of H. pylori infection in clinical practice

Antacids Anti-secretory drugs: H2 antagonists

CBL 1


Gross Anatomy Embryo/Histo Physio Biochem Patho/Micro Pharma Misc.

W E E K 3

Liver Hepatic portal system Gall bladder and biliary tract

Development of liver, Gall bladder and pancreas Pancreas Histology Liver and Gall bladder Histology Small intestines (Histo lab)

Pancreatic secretion composition, function and regulation Bile secretion composition, function and regulation

Malabsorption syndromes (biochemical background) Overview of exocrine functions of Liver and Pancreas related to micro and macronutrients Malabsorption tutorial

Patho: Pancreatitis Patho: Malabsorption and Celiac disease Patho: Inflammatory bowel disease

Anti- secretory drugs (PPI and others) Anti- diarrheals

Skills Lab NG tube intubation CBL 2

W E E K 4

Rectum Anal Canal

Congenital anomalies of GIT (I) Rectum histology Liver, pancreas and gall bladder (Histo lab)

- Common Metabolic pathway for energy Provision from CHO, lipids and Amino acids (TCA Cycle/ Krebs Cycle) Metabolism of bilirubin & Bile salt synthesis (Uronic Acid pathway & role of glucuronate) Interpret the estimations of bilirubin (tutorial) Role of glycogen in well fed, fasting, starvation and malnutrition states (Glycogenesis& Glycogeno-lysis) Body Energy Gradient Maintenance (Electron Transport Chain & Oxidative Phosphorylation) Gluconeogenesis Hexose Mono Phosphate Shunt ( Metabolism of sucrose & fructose, Galactose Metabolism & lactose Synthesis)

Patho: Acute Hepatitis Patho: Chronic Hepatitis and cirrhosis

- C.M: Dynamics of disease transmission CBL 3


Gross Anatomy Embryo/Histo Biochem Patho/Micro Pharma Miscellaneous

W E E K 5

Lumbar vertebrae Posterior abdominal wall (boundaries, Muscles, fascia)

Congenital anomalies of GIT (II) Anal canal Histology Colon, rectum and anal canal (Histo lab)

Human Body general needs & levels for glucose and its regulation (Glycolysis, insulin, glucagon) tutorial Interpret the estimations of Alkaline Phosphatase & amino transferase Glycogen storage diseases Fatty Acids and Ketone bodies’ metabolism in human body Degradation of dietary Lipids and their transport (Lipoproteins)

Micro: Hepatotropic viruses Patho: Circulatory disorders of liver

Anti- emetic/ pro-kinetic agents

CM: How to conduct research CBL 4

W E E K 6

Inferior vena cava+ venous drainage of abdomen Nerves of abdomen Lymphatic drainage of abdomen

- Overview of nitrogen metabolism (digestion& transport of amino acid into cell, removal of nitrogen from amino acids) Hyperammonia Fate of Dietary Cholesterol and indigenous Cholesterol in human body (Metabolism of Cholesterol) Interpret the estimations of Tri-acyl-glycerol and Estimations of total lipid Amino acid degradation and synthesis, Urea cycle and metabolism of ammonia Phenyl Alanine, Tyrosine, Tryptophan, Methionine Branch chain amino acids, Glycine, Histidine, Creatine & creatinine Metabolic defects in amino acid metabolism Carbohydrate, Lipids & Proteins Metabolism In Well fed state and Obesity Interpret the estimations of cholesterol

- Laxative CM: Study design 1 Radiology: Assessment of GIT(PLAIN X RAY & BA STUDIES)


Renal Module (4 weeks)

Gross Anatomy Biochem Miscellaneous

W E E K 7 & 8

Spleen Surface anatomy of abdomen

Carbohydrate, Lipids & Proteins Metabolism in Starvation and Diabetes mellitus

CM: Study design 2 Gross Anatomy Revision: Peritoneum Embryo Revision: Overview of Development of GIT, Blood Clinical faculty: Hernia supply and its relationship with development Physio Revision: Overview of Exocrine secretions of GIT Radiology: Assessment of GIT (CT scan) Patho Revision: Acute and Chronic Hepatitis Biochem Revision: Body Energy gradient, Metabolism of Radiology: Assessment of GIT by ultrasound bilirubin and synthesis of bile salts, Gluconeogenesis, Cholesterol metabolism, Clinical faculty: Liver function tests Amino acid degradation and synthesis, Urea cycle and ammonia metabolism, Clinical faculty: Fatty liver disease Glycogenesis and Glycogenolysis

Gross Anatomy Embryo/Histo Physio Biochem Patho/Micro Pharma Miscellaneous

W E E K 1

Overview of excretory system of the body and structure of kidney Details of gross anatomical features of kidney Details of blood and nerve supply and lymphatic drainage of kidney Gross anatomical features of ureter, urinary bladder and urethra(male& female)

Microscopic features of nephrons and collecting ducts (Histo lab) Histology of kidney: (detailed microscopic features of nephron and collecting ducts) Development of kidney and ureter

General functions of the kidneys and excretory system GFR and factors affecting GFR Tubular reabsorption and secretion

Physiochemical Aspects in relation to water (Diffusion, Adsorption, viscosity) Solutions: hypotonic and hypertonic, Molal, molar, Normal Solutions, Use of normal saline Osmolality, osmolarity, tonicity, Colloid osmotic pressure (oncotic pressure ), Osmosis and role of albumin Role of pH and water

Patho: Anomalies of kidney and lower urinary tract

- Skills Lab: Urinary Catheterization


Gross Anatomy Embryo/Histo Physio Biochem Patho/Micro Pharma Miscellaneous

W E E K 2

Blood supply, lymphatic drainage and nerve supply of ureter and urinary bladder and urethra including these organs Surface Anatomy of Urinary system

Histology of ureter, urinary bladder & urethra Ureter, urinary bladder & Urethra (Histo lab) Development of urinary bladder and urethra Anomalies of development of bladder & urethra

GFR Regulation (lab) Concentra- -tion and dilution of urine Acidification of urine

Role of Renal System in acid base balance Acid base balance, buffers, alkalosis, acidosis (lab) Sodium and chloride metabolism Potassium and Phosphate Metabolism Disturbances of water, sodium and potassium balance Nucleic acid/Purine Metabolism- 1

Patho: Pathogenesis of glomerular disorders

Intro to diuretics

Clinical faculty: Urine detailed report sample collection and biochemical analysis CBL 1

W E E K 3 & 4

- - Hormonal regulation of water and electrolytes (lab) Process of micturition and micturition reflex

Discuss normal constituents of urine Renal Function Tests (Plasma clearance) (lab) Purine Metabolism 2 Disorders of Purine Metabolism Relation of urea uric acid, creatinine, calcium and albumin and other electrolytes with renal disorders Pyrimidine Metabolism

Patho: Nephritic syndrome Micro: Urine detailed report sample collection and biochemical analysis Patho: Nephrotic syndrome Patho:Tubulointersti--tial diseases Patho: Pyelonephritis Patho: Lower urinary tract infections

- Medicine: Interpret the ABG reports For the diagnosis of acidosis and alkalosis Radiology Radiographs and other imaging techniques of urinary system Medicine: Renal failure clinical picture and presentation Medicine: Dehydration/ over-hydration: ORS +other Available solutions for Intra venous infusions Medicine: Dialysis types and importance CBL 2


Reproduction Module (4 weeks)

Gross Anatomy Embryo/Histo Physio Biochem Patho Pharma Miscellaneous

W E E K 1

Sacrum and coccyx, Joints of pelvic cavity Bony pelvis (inlet and outlet) types and difference between male and female pelvis & cephalopelvic disproportion Pelvic walls, floor, fascia and divisions Male internal genital organs: Testes, epididymis and scrotum Ischiorectal fossae

Testes and ducts system (Histo lab) Histology of Testes Development of male reproductive system

Spermato- -genesis and endocrine functions of testes Functions of testosterone and applied physiology (Hyper and hypo gonadism)

Synthesis of steroid hormones (tutorial) Synthesis, regulation & functions of Testosterone

Congenital anomalies of male genital tract, testicular atrophy and epididymo-orchitis

- CBL 3 (Renal)

W E E K 2

Prostate, Ductus deferens, Seminal Vesicle, Applied enlargement BPH, PSA Male external genital organs Male urethra+ Development external genitalia Female genital tract: ovary, fallopian tube Uterus, cervix and Vagina

Histology of Prostate, Seminal Vesicle, Bulbourethral glands Prostate, Seminal Vesicle, Bulbourethral glands (Histo lab) Ovary, fallopian tube Histology Uterus, cervix, Vagina Histology

Function of ovary: Ovulation

Biochemical changes during menarche (tutorial) Synthesis, regulation & functions of Estrogen Synthesis, regulation and functions of Progesterone

Prostatitis & BPH

Androgens and Anti Androgens Estrogens and Anti estrogens

Skills lab: Exam of rectum and prostate CBL 1


Gross Anatomy Embryo/Histo Physio Biochem Patho Pharma Miscellaneous

W E E K 3

Internal iliac artery and its branches Female External genitalia and female urethra Perineum: Divisions of perineum and perineal body Nerves of pelvis and perineum + sacral plexus Venous and lymphatic drainage of Pelvic cavity

Development of parts of female reproductive system Ovary and Fallopian tube (Histo lab)

Mammary gland and lactation

Hormones of infertility (tutorial) Synthesis, regulation and functions of hormones of female reproductive system prolactin

Describe Non neoplastic and functional cysts of Ovary & PCOS Congenital Anomalies of Female Genital Tract & PIDs Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding & Endometrial Hyperplasia

Progestins and anti-progestins

CM: Breast milk benefits Gynecology: Common developmental anomalies of female reproductive system Gynecology : Menstrual disorders CBL 2

W E E K 4

Perineal spaces

Structure of placenta Uterus, cervix, Vagina (Histo lab)

Function of placenta Composition & importance of breast Milk Physiological changes during pregnancy

Pregnancy Test (measurement of beta HCG levels by different methods) Urine Pregnancy Test for confirmation of pregnancy Identify the metabolic needs of women during pregnancy and lactation

Disorders of early pregnancy Disorders of late pregnancy

Oral Contraceptives

CM: Discuss contraception and its application according to the needs of Pakistan


24

13

5

11

28

12

6

4 4

8

6

43

8

15

8

10

3

7

15

8

3

7

9

7

4

2 2

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

GIT and Liver

Renal

Repro

Number of lectures for each subject in Semester 4

Modules

semester 4 syllabus final draft

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