Drug Addiction and Drug Abuse In Teenage

BySASMITA SAHA

B. Pharm. 6th Sem.

University Roll No :20101911037

Under the Guidance ofDr. Sailee Chowdhury

Assistant Professor

BCDA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY & TECHNOLOGY

The curse of drug affecting

our youth as well as our

society…

Now a days drug abuse is a complex problem affects peoples from different ages.

The Body’s

Weight: about 3 poundsJob: Controlling everything we do

DRUGS CHANGE

THE WAY OUR

BRAIN WORKS…That’s how you get

addicted

What do

drugs do to

the brain?

Drugs are chemicals

that interfere with the

neuron’s communication

Drugs change the

brain — sometimes

permanently

Communication ways in brain

Neurotransmitters: The brain’s chemical messengers

Receptors: The brain’s chemical receivers

Transporters: The brain’s chemical recyclers

dopamine

the brain’s reward system

It’s like chocolate

for the brain

Dopamine Pathways

Functions

•reward (motivation)

•pleasure,euphoria

•motor function

(fine tuning)

•compulsion

•perserveration

•decision making

Serotonin Pathways

Functions

•mood

•memory

processing

•sleep

•cognition

nucleus

accumbens

hippocampus

striatum

frontal

cortex

substantia

nigra/VTA

raphe

affects

our brain

in 3

main

areas

When Reading Emotion…

Adults Rely More on the Frontal CortexWhile Teens Rely More on the Amygdala

Drug Addiction

Primary , chronic & neurobiological disease with psychological and

genetic factors that influence its development

& manifestation.Drug Abuse

Self administration of drugs, in a manner not in accord with accepted

social or medical pattern

A. Psychological Dependency/HabituationB. Physical DependencyC. Compulsive Drug Use

D. Tolerence

Drug Addiction & Abuse includes

What is Teen Substance Abuse?

Teens try alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, or other drugs. Some try these only for few times & stop. But others

can't control their urges or cravings for them.

Most often They try :- Nicotine Alcohols Hallucinogens Over the counter medicines

Basic Science Tells Us that Adolescents’

Brains Are Still Developing…

Brain Development• Earlier development of the back of the

brain and later development of the front of the brain

MRI Scans of Healthy Children and Teens Over Time

Drug use starts early & peaks in the teen yearsF

irst D

rug

Use

(n

um

ber

of in

itia

tes)

Infant Teen Adult Older AdultChild

Evidence from survey

How does someone get

addicted to drugs?

Because of the extra dopamine, the brain chemistry changes

The brain stops making

enough of its own dopamine

Without enough dopamine, the

user feels flat, depressed, and

lifeless

The user needs more and more

drugs to feel good

The brain’s changes make the user need the drug just to feel

normal

even if it’s ruining their life

Pushing Factors For Teenagers Towards Drug Use Psychological Or Inner

EXCITEMENT

WANT TO FIT WITH CERTAIN FRIENDS GROUP

TEENAGERS FEELS MORE GROWN UP

FRUSTATION & INADEQUACY

DESIRED FOR INTENSE SENSATION

Social FRIENDS & FAMILY

PROBLEMS

EDUCATION & FAILURE AT SCHOOL

ART MOVIES & CULTURAL INFORMATION

CURIOSITY & TEMPTATION

Hallucinogen

Dried matured leaves of cannabis plant.

Flowering Tops of cannabis sativa.

Entire cannabis plant with variable portions

Hallucinogen

Hallucinogens

Colour precipitation,

sensation loss,death.

pupil dialation, tachycardia,increase body temperature &

respiration.

Pulse rate increases.

Alcohol

Sedative, hypnotic,

tranquillazerHas Slowing

effects on CNS

Causes

Failure of liver Gastric pancreatitis toxic psychosis nerve disorder heart diseases.

Problem remembering things, recently said or did.

Getting drunk on a regular basis.

Thinking that drug is necessary to have fun. Having frequent hangovers.

Feeling run-down, depressed, or even suicidal.

Having "blackouts"--forgetting what you did while drinking.

DriveSaliency

Memory

Control

Non-Addicted Brain

NOGO

Addicted Brain

Drive

Memory

Control

GOSaliency

Why Can’t Addicts Just Quit ?

Because Addiction Changes Brain Circuits

ONE WAY TO AVOID DRUG, IS BY SELF AWARENESS, SAY NO TO DRUGS.

Treating a Biobehavioral Disorder Must Go Beyond Just Fixing the Chemistry

Pharmacological (medications)

We Need to Treat the Whole Person!

Behavioral Therapies

Medical Social Services

CB1 Antagonists

Inhibitors of metabolizing

enzymes

CRF Antagonists

MedicationBasic Research

Agonist TherapyMethadone

BuprenorphineOpiate agonists stabilize brain function in heroin addicts

CB1 KO mice have decreased responses to multiple drugs of abuse

Smokers who are poor nicotine metabolizers smoke less

Stress triggers relapse in animal models of addiction and CRF antagonists interfere with the response to stress

“The Federation of Indian NGOs for Drug Abuse prevention”

(FINGODAP) , was initiated by Society for Promotion of Youth &

Masses (SPYM), New Delhi on 11th August 1991.

The national institute of social defence is a nodal institute and activities

and programmes for protection of our society from drug abuse.

United Nations Office on Drugs and crime (UNODC’s) recently

launched Global study Homicide 2013 on 8 May 2014.

Accept life

unconditionally with a

Positive attitude

Recovery and relapse are

just around the

corner.

Choose ONE

• Clark, D. B., Kirisci, L., & Tarter, R. E. (1998). Adolescent versus adult onset and the development of substance use disorders in males. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 49, 115-121.

• Buck JA.(2011), The looming expansion and transformation of public substance abuse treatment under the Affordable Care Act. Health Aff (Millwood);30(8):1402–10.

• Cohen C, Perrault G, Voltz C, Steinberg R, and Soubrie P (2002) SR141716, a central cannabinoid (CB(1)) receptor antagonist, blocks the motivational and dopamine-releasing effects of nicotine in rats. Behav Pharmacol 13: 451–463.

• Zobel.A., Nickel, T., Kunzel(2000) . Effects of the high-affinity corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 antagonist R121919 in major depression: the first 20 patients treated. J Psychiatr, 34 : 171-81.

• Brown, S.A., Tapert, S.F., Granholm, E., & Delis, D.C. (2000). Neurocognitive functioning of adolescents: Effects of protracted alcohol use. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 242, 164-171.

References

• Preti A (2007). "New developments in the pharmacotherapy of cocaine abuse". Addict Biol 12 (2): 133–51

• Hall, F. Scott; Drgonova, Jana; Jain, Siddharth; Uhl, George R. (December 2013). "Implications of genome wide association studies for addiction: Are our a priori assumptions all wrong?". Pharmacology & Therapeutics 140 (3): 267–279.

• Nutt King, Saulsbury , Blakemore (2007). "Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse". Lancet 369 (9566): 1047–53.

• Chen JC, Chen PC, Chiang YC (2009). "Molecular mechanisms of psychostimulant addiction". Chang Gung Medical Journal 32 (2): 148–54.

• Durrant, R; Adamson, S; Todd, F; Sellman, D (November 2009). "Drug use and addiction: evolutionary perspective.". The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry 43 (11): 1049–56.