sensor placement and measurement of wind for water quality studies in urban reservoirs
DESCRIPTION
Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs. Wan DU* , Zikun XING † , Mo LI * , Bingsheng HE * , Loyd Hock Chye CHUA † , and Haiyan MIAO ‡ * School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Sensor Placement and Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Quality Studies in Urban ReservoirsReservoirsWan DU*, Zikun XING†, Mo LI*, Bingsheng HE*, Loyd Hock Chye CHUA†, and Haiyan MIAO‡
* School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU)
† School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NTU
‡ Institute of High Performance Computing, A*Star, Singapore
![Page 2: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Large-scale and real-time water quality monitoring
2
• Sustainable sensor network deployment.• Water quality analysis enabled by cloud
computing.
Patterns
of interestResults
Cloud computing
W03 W10
W05W07
![Page 3: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Marina reservoir
3
10%
Marina Channel
Marina Bay
Kallang BasinMarina Reservoir
2.5km
3km10%
![Page 4: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Water quality studies
4
Environmental
parameters
including wind
distribution and
water quality
Ecological model
Water quality in
the whole
reservoir
Underwater sensors, e.g., DO, Conductivity, Chlorophyll, pH, temperature
![Page 5: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Water quality studies - deployment
Solar charger controller
![Page 6: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Project demo video
6
![Page 7: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Data collection
7
![Page 8: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Data collection
8
![Page 9: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Water quality studies
9
• ELCOM-CAEDYM (Estuary, Lake and Coastal Ocean Model-Computational Aquatic Ecosystem Dynamics Model)
• Real time monitoring • Analysis• Prediction
– Water quality evolution for future days in a step of 30 seconds
![Page 10: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Effect of wind on water quality
10
![Page 11: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Wind distribution over Marina reservoir
11
Marina Channel
Marina Bay
Kallang BasinMarina Reservoir
![Page 12: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Measurement of wind distribution
12
18750 points (20m*20m));
6000$/ground station; 7600$/floating station;
Long measurement time (at least one year)
![Page 13: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Where?
How?
Wind distribution with least
uncertainty
Water quality studies
Sensor placement and spatial prediction
13
![Page 14: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Spatial prediction
14
Wind?
![Page 15: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Interpolation
15
Wind?d1
d2
d3
![Page 16: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Spatial correlation [Cressie, Statistics for spatial data’ 91; Guestrin, ICML’ 05; Krause, IPSN’ 06, 08]
16
![Page 17: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Maximum likelihood based time series segmentation
17
Dec.13 Mar.15
Oct.1Jun.1
NE Pre-NESWPre-SW
Dec.2
Dec.6 Mar.28
Sep.27Jun.3Dec.1406-07:07-08:
J
i
KNM
NMi
N
i
M
i
JKNM
x
x
xxxL
4
232
13
2
212
11 1
21433211
1
2
1exp
2
1
1
2
1exp
2
1
),,,|,,,,,(
![Page 18: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Maximum likelihood based time series segmentation
18
Dec.13 Mar.15
Oct.1Jun.1
NE Pre-NESWPre-SW
Dec.2
Dec.6 Mar.28
Sep.27Jun.3Dec.1406-07:07-08:
![Page 19: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Spatial correlation [Cressie, Statistics for spatial data’ 91; Guestrin, ICML’ 05; Krause, IPSN’ 06, 08]
19
),( jiij xxM
),( jiijij xxk
![Page 20: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Prior knowledge of wind distribution
Atmospheric flow
20
![Page 21: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Pairwise correlation learning
• 16 point compass rose• 10 speeds (0-9m/s)• Historical data of the sensor
on Marina Channel
21
),( jiij xxM
),( jiijij xxk
![Page 22: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Sensor placement
22
Xx
i xpxpxH )(log)()(
)2log(2
1)|( 2
|Ayi ieAyH
![Page 23: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Combining the results of multiple Gaussian processes
• Entropy at one point:
• Conditional entropy:
3
1
*)()(j
jiji WxHxH
3
1
*)|()|(j
jiji WAyHAyH
23
![Page 24: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Sensor placement - Water quality sensitivity
iii SxHxH *)()( iii SAxHAxH *)|()|(
24
![Page 25: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Approach overview
25
Historical wind
direction density
Decomposed wind
statisticsSensor
Placement
Enhanced Sensor
Placement
Sensitivity Analysis
Entropy or
Mutual
Information
Time Series
Segmentation
Online temporal
clustering
Real-time Sensor
Readings
Wind distribution
of the whole area
Gaussian
Regression
Data Collection
Geographical
information
system
CFD
modeling
(1) (2)
(4)
(3)
(5)(6)
(7)
![Page 26: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
W01
W05
W04W02
W08
W06
W09
W03 W10
W07
![Page 27: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Predicted wind distribution
27
Direction Speed
![Page 28: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Evaluation
28
• Prediction accuracy– Interpolation– Single Gaussian model
![Page 29: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
2
1
34
8
7
5
62019
14
13
17
12
18
10
16
15
11
9
W01
W05
W04W02
W08
W06
W09
W03 W10
W07
Installed Sensor (Floating or Ground)Test Position
![Page 30: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Average prediction error of direction
30
![Page 31: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Average prediction error of speed
31
![Page 32: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Prediction error VS Water quality sensitivity
32
![Page 33: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
W01
W05
W04W02
W08
W06
W09
W03 W10
W07
U01
U02
U03
![Page 34: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Water temperature
34Improve the accuracy by 17% in Marina Basin
![Page 35: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Conclusions
• Sensor placement for wind distribution measurement in large areas
• In-field deployment
35
![Page 37: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Sensor placement - Constrains
W01
W05
W04W02
W08
W06
W09
W03 W10
W07
![Page 38: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Sensor readings of T3 for 0607 and 0708
38
![Page 39: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
CFD modeling - Computation
• FLUENT13.0 • k-ε turbulence model• Two or three days per case on a
server with 12 cores and 33GB memories.
39
![Page 40: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
CFD modeling - Output
• Wind vector for each grid of 5m*5m at the height of 1.5m.
40
![Page 41: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
W01
W05
W04W02
W08
W06
W09
W03 W10
W07
U01
U02
U03
![Page 42: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Processes of the impact of meteorological forcing on water
Wind
Inflow OutflowSurface Mixed Layer
Long WaveShort Wave Sensible Heat Latent heat
Shear Thermocline
Hypolimnion
![Page 43: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Water quality studies - Model
43
ELCOM-CAEDYM (Estuary, Lake and Coastal Ocean Model-
Computational Aquatic Ecosystem Dynamics Model)
Figure from http://www.cwr.uwa.edu.au
![Page 44: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Water quality studies - Model
44
ELCOM-CAEDYM (Estuary, Lake and Coastal Ocean Model-
Computational Aquatic Ecosystem Dynamics Model)
![Page 45: Sensor Placement and Measurement of Wind for Water Quality Studies in Urban Reservoirs](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568146a9550346895db3c57b/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Chia LS, Foong SF. 1991. Climate and weather. In The Biophysical Environment of Singapore. Chia LS, Rahman A, Tay DBH (eds). Singapore University Press and the Geography Teachers’ Association of Singapore: Singapore; 13–49.
Gaussian
distribution
weak and evenly distributed over all directions.