seventh conference on mesoscale …the wcfr was mainly due to mesoscale ascent within the outflow...

SEVENTH CONFERENCE ONMESOSCALE PROCESSES

9-13 SEPTEMBER 1996 READING, UNITED KINGDOM

SPONSORED BY

AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETYAND

ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY

Front Cover: Satellite and radar pictures for a frontal cyclone that developed over the British Isles on 24 October 1995.Systems such as this frequently develop over the Atlantic and the Fronts and Atlantic Storm Track Experiment, FASTEX, isplanned to study them in January/February 1997.

The top two frames show Meteosat images. The left-hand one is a visible image at 0900 UTC depicting boundary-layer ropeclouds associated with multiple cold fronts just west of Spain which were traveling northeastwards towards Britain. At theirnorthern end the rope clouds deepened and merged into areas of cloud which over the next few hours developed into a majorcloud head that traveled northwards in association with a rapidly deepening surface low.

At 1800 UTC, as shown by the red area of cold high cloud in the right-hand infra-red picture, there was a well-developed cloudhead and bent-back front (shown as a cold front) over and northwest of Ireland, with the main cold front extending north-southover England. Colours in this picture represent cloud-top temperatures (°C) according to the scale.

The operational weather radar network picture for roughly the same time (1830 UTC), in the bottom right-hand frame, showsthe corresponding distribution of precipitation. Colours represent estimated rainfall intensity (mm h1) according to the scale.The main cold front is characterized by a wide cold-frontal rainband (WCFR) over England and Wales, with a narrow cold-frontal rainband (NCFR) embedded within it. The NCFR and the line convection responsible for it developed from one of therope clouds shown in the 0900 UTC visible Meteosat image. The WCFR was mainly due to mesoscale ascent within theoutflow from the line convection; it was also partly due to remnants of another earlier cold front that gave rise to the plumesof upper-level cloud such as those shown red over Wales and the English Channel in the infrared image.

A multi parameter Doppler radar with a 25-m dish at Chilbolton in southern England was being scanned in RH1-mode at right-angles to the approaching NCFR along the line shown in the radar network picture. The bottom left-hand frame shows theresulting pattern of transverse-front velocity at 1839 UTC. Blue colours, as shown by the scale, depict air traveling rearwards(to the left) at more than 10 ms'1 relative to the front; blue boundary-layer air ahead of the front can be seen rising at thesurface front and then continuing rearwards above the density current-like flow of (red) cold air approaching the front. The lineconvection at the surface front was only about 3 km deep, yet it achieved vertical velocities of order 1 0 m s 1 and produceda 1-minute rainfall intensity in excess of 100 mm h'1 along with severe surface wind gusts.

The cover photographs were provided by Keith Browning, N. M. Roberts, and A. J. Illingworth, JCMM, Harry Pitt Building,University of Reading, Whiteknights Road, P.O. Box 240, Reading, Berks., RG6 6FN, UK). The radar cross-section wasgenerated by Danny Chapman.

All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means — graphic, electronic, or mechanical, includingphotocopying, taping, or information storage and retrieval systems — without the prior written permission of the publisher. Contact AMS for permission pertainingto the overall collection. Authors retain their individual rights and should be contacted directly for permission to use their material separately. The manuscriptsreproduced herein are unrefereed papers presented at the Seventh Conference on Mesoscale Processes. Their appearance in this collection does not constituteformal publication.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

SEVENTH CONFERENCE ON MESOSCALE PROCESSESPAGE

iii FOREWORD

xxiv AUTHOR INDEX

SESSION 1: EXTRATROPICAL CYCLONES I

1 KEYNOTE ADDRESS: MESOMETEOROLOGY, WHENCE CAME YOU, AND WHITHER DO YOU GO? H. C.Davies, Atmospheric Physics ETH, Zurich, Switzerland

4 1.1 PVADVECTION AND THE OMEGA EQUATION. Brian J. Hoskins, Univ. of Reading, Reading, Berks.,United Kingdom; and W. Jones

6 1.2 HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATIONS OF IDEALIZED BAROCLINIC WAVES WITH AND WITHOUTSURFACE DRAG. Richard Rotunno, National Ctr. for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder, CO;and W. C. Skamarock and C. Snyder

9 1.3 THE ROLE OF EDDY MOMENTUM FLUXES IN SHAPING THE LIFECYCLE OF A BAROCLINICWAVE. G. Balasubramanian, Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ; and S. T. Garner

12 1.4 TRACKS AND COMPOSITE STRUCTURES OF NORTH ATLANTIC CYCLONES. Franck Ayrault,Ctr. National de Recherches Meteorologiques (CNRM), Toulouse, France; and A. Joly

14 1.5 FORMULAS FOR THE BAROTROPIC AND BAROCLINIC COMPONENTS OF VORTICITY WITHAPPLICATIONS TO VORTEX FORMATION NEAR THE GROUND. Robert Davies-Jones, NationalOceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/National Severe Storms Lab. (NSSL), Norman, OK

17 1.6 DIAGNOSIS OF TROPOPAUSE-BASED COHERENT STRUCTURES. Gregory J. Hakim, State Univ.

of New York (SUNY), Albany, NY; and D. Keyserand L. F. Bosart

SESSION 2: EXTRATROPICAL CYCLONES II

20 2.1 NUMERICAL MODELLING OF JET-STREAK DYNAMICS. Philip Cunningham, SUNY, Albany, NY;and D. Keyser

23 2.2 EVOLUTION OF FRONTS AND NONLINEAR EQUILIBRATION OF EADY WAVES IN A VISCOUSSEMIGEOSTROPHIC MODEL. Qin Xu, Cooperative Inst. for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies(CIMMS)/Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK; and W. Gu

2.3 A WAVE PACKET APPROACH TO FRONTAL INSTABILITY: THE ROLE OF THE NON-NORMALSPECTRUM. Craig H. Bishop, Penn State Univ., University Park, PA; and E. Heifetz

25 2.4 UPPER-LEVEL POTENTIAL VORTICITY MAXIMA EVOLUTION DURING THE DEVELOPMENTPHASE OF THE POST-BRAER'S STORM FRONTAL WAVE. J.-P. Cammas, CNRS, Toulouse,France; and H. Rivals

2.5 NONLINEAR JET STREAK ADJUSTMENT, CYCLOGENESIS, AND FRONTOGENESIS IN ANIDEALIZED BAROCLINIC FLOW. Yuh-Lang Lin, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC; and R. P.Weglarz

27 2.6 NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF A FAMILY OF FRONTAL CYCLOGENESIS OVER WESTERNATLANTIC. Da-Lin Zhang, McGill Univ., Montreal, PQ, Canada; and E. Radeva and J. Gyakum

29 2.7 ON THE DYNAMICS OF DIABATICALLY GENERATED "OUTFLOW" DURING CYCLONGENESIS.Michael C. Morgan, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, Wl

: Manuscript not available

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SESSION 3: EXTRATROPICAL CYCLONES III

32 3.1 THE THEORY OF CYCLONE DEVELOPMENT AND TRACK: MOIST POTENTIAL VORTICITYPERSPECTIVE. Zuohao Cao, Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; and G. W. K. Moore

36 3.2 SOME QUESTIONS REGARDING THE DRY INTRUSIONS (Dls) ASSOCIATED WITHEXTRATROPICAL CYCLONES. Keith A. Browning, Univ. of Reading, Reading, Berks., UnitedKingdom

39 3.3 MESOSCALE DYNAMICS ASSOCIATED WITH TROPOPAUSE FOLDS. Alan J. Thorpe, Univ. ofReading, Reading, Berks., United Kingdom

41 3.4 CONVECTIVE-STORM INITIATION AND ORGANIZATION NEAR THE INTERSECTION OF A COLDFRONT AND THE DRYLINE. Howard B. Bluestein, Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK; andT. Hutchinson

3.5 OBSERVATIONS AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF MESOSCALE DOWNSTREAMDEVELOPMENT. F. Martin Ralph, NOAA/Environmental Technology Lab. (ETL), Boulder, CO; andM. A. Shapiro, P. J. Neiman, J.-W. Bao, and P. O. G. Persson

3.6 MESOSCALE OBSERVATIONS AND DIAGNOSTICS OF A LAND-FALLING FRONTAL SYSTEMDURING COAST-'93. Paul J. Neiman, NOAA/ETL, Boulder, CO; and J.-W. Bao, M. A. Shapiro, B. F.Smull, and D. Johnson

44 3.7 MESOSCALE STRUCTURES OF ADRIATIC CYCLONES. Branka Ivancan-Picek, Meteorological andHydrological Service, Zagreb, Croatia; and V. Tutis

SESSION 4: EXTRATROPICAL CYCLONES IV

47 4.1 FRONTAL EVOLUTION AND THE OCCLUSION PROCESS IN A MODEST, HEAVY-SNOWPRODUCING, CONTINENTAL WINTER CYCLONE. Jonathan E. Martin, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison,Wl

50 4.2 A MULTI-SCALE STUDY OF CONVECTIVE RAINBANDS ASSOCIATED WITH MIDDLE-TROPOSPHERIC BAROCLINIC ZONES. MarkT. Stoelinga, Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA; andJ. D. Locatelli and P. V. Hobbs

53 4.3 EVIDENCE OF A WINTER "TROPICAL STORM" OVER SOUTHEASTERN MEDITERRANEAN:SIMULATIONS WITH THE REGIONAL ATMOSPHERIC MODELLING SYSTEM (RAMS) AND THEETA/NMC MODEL. K. Lagouvardos, Univ. of Athens, Athens, Greece; and V. Kotroni, S. Nickovic, andG. Kallos

56 4.4 FRONTOGENESIS IN THE PRESENCE OF INERTIAL OSCILLATIONS. William Blumen, Univ. ofColorado, Boulder, CO

58 4.5 BAROTROPIC INSTABILITY IN UNIFORM STRAIN. Douglas Parker, Univ. of Reading, Reading,Berks., United Kingdom

SESSION P5: EXTRATROPICAL CYCLONES V

P5.1 SUBSYNOPTIC VORTICES RESEMBLING TROPICAL STORMS OVER THE MEDITERRANEANSEA. Warren Blier, Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA; and Q. Ma

60 P5.2 DESCRIPTION AND EVOLUTION OF A MESOSCALE AGGREGATE VORTEX. Peter J. Sousounis,Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ml

* Manuscript not available vi

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63 P5.3 ERTEL POTENTIAL VORTICITY INVERSION: APPLICATION TO DRY SYMMETRIC INSTABILITY.P. Arbogast, CNRM, Toulouse, France; and A. Joly

P5.4 REGIONAL VARIABILITY OF PRECURSORS TO EXPLOSIVE CYCLOGENESIS. John R. Gyakum,McGill Univ. Montreal, PQ, Canada

65 P5.5 NON-QUASIGEOSTROPHIC BAROTROPIC INSTABILITY IN A VERTICALLY BOUNDED DOMAIN.Marco De la Cruz-Heredia, Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; and G. W. K. Moore

68 P5.6 MESOSCALE STRUCTURES IN BAROCLINIC LIFE CYCLES. J. Methven, Univ. of Reading,Reading, Berks., United Kingdom; and B. J. Hoskins

70 P5.7 AGEOSTROPHIC CIRCULATIONS IN FRONTAL WAVE CASES OF THE MFDP/FRONTS 87EXPERIMENT. Erwan Le Bouar, Ctr. d'etude des Environnement Terrestre et Planetaires (CETP),Issy-les-Moulineaux, France; and Y. Lemaitre and M. Petitdidier

72 P5.8 NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS AND OBSERVATIONAL VALIDATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF APRECIPITATING MARITIME COLD FRONT: IMPACT OF PLANETARY-BOUNDARY-LAYERPROCESSES ON FRONTOGENESIS. Jian-Wen Bao, NOAA/Environmental Research Lab.(ERL)/ETL, Boulder, CO; and P. J. Neiman, M. A. Shapiro, and B. F. Smull

P5.9 SYMMETRIC INSTABILITY AND BAROCLINIC BOUNDARY LAYERS. Craig H. Bishop, Penn StateUniv., University Park, PA; and C. Chen

76 P5.10 AIRSTREAMS, CONVEYER BELTS AND FLOW COHERENCY. Heini Wernli, Atmospheric PhysicsETH, Zurich, Switzerland; and D. N. Bresch

P5.11 VISUALIZING EXTRATROPICAL CYCLONE LIFE CYCLE SIMULATIONS WITH THE UNIVERSITYOF WISCONSIN VIS-5D COMPUTER GRAPHICS DISPLAY SYSTEM. Melvyn A. Shapiro,NOAA/ETL, Boulder, CO; and B. Hibbard and B. Paul

79 P5.12 LIDAR AND SURFACE OBSERVATIONS OF A COLD FRONTAL CASE: THE 15 APRIL 1994 ARMRCS IOP CASE. Belay B. Demoz, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Ctr. (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD; andD. O'C. Starr, A. R. Lare, K. D. Evans, R. A. Ferrare, D. N. Whiteman, and S. H. Melfi

82 P5.13 MESOSCALE VARIATIONAL ASSIMILATION OF THE FRONTS 92 DROPSONDE DATASET. G.Desroziers, CNRM, Toulouse, France; and B. Nechad, W. Sadiki, and J.-N. Thepaut

P5.14 A MESOSCALE VIEW OF FRONTAL INSTABILITY. L. lonnidou, Univ. of Reading, Reading, Berks.,United Kingdom

84 P5.15 FEEDING OF TURBULENT EKMAN LAYER VORTEX ROLLS FROM THE STRATOSPHERE TO THEPOLAR FRONT THROUGH THE TROPOPAUSE FOLDING THAT IS CAUSED BY JET STREAMROTATION. Y. N. Chen, Sulzer Innotec Ltd., Winterthur, Switzerland; and U. Haupt andM. Rautenberg

P5.16 ON THE THEORY OF MATURE FRONTS. E. Morozovsky, Ben-Gurion Univ., Sede-Boker, Israel; andG. I. Burde, L. N. Gutman, and A. Zangvil

87 P5.17 MESOSCALE NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF AN UPPER-LEVEL JET ASSOCIATED WITH ASURFACE COLD FRONT: THE FRONTS 87 IOP2 CASE-STUDY. V. Kotroni, Univ. of Athens, Athens,Greece; and K. Lagouvardos and G. Kallos

90 P5.18 VARIATION OF FRONTAL AND PRECIPITATION STRUCTURE ALONG A COLD FRONT. Keith A.Browning, Univ. of Reading, Reading, Berks., United Kingdom; and N. M. Roberts

* Manuscript not available vii

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P5.19 QUASI-REGULAR CLOUDINESS STRUCTURE IN THE FRONTAL ZONES. Anatoli Starostin, Univ.Federal de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; and N. Fedorova and L. Bakst

93 P5.20 NONLINEAR VISCOUS SYMMETRIC CIRCULATIONS AND THEIR STABILITY IN THREEDIMENSIONS. Wei Gu, CIMSS/Univ. Of Oklahoma, Norman, OK; and Q. Xu and R. Wu

95 P5.21 MESOSCALE CYCLONES IN THE CANADIAN ARCTIC. Ian A. Renfrew, Univ. of Toronto, Toronto,ON, Canada; and G. W. K. Moore

98 P5.22 IDEALIZED NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF MESOSCALE AGGREGATE VORTICES. Peter J.Sousounis, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ml; and H.-Y. Chuang and G. E. Mann

101 P5.23 EFFECTS OF MELTING OF ICE PARTICLES ON STRUCTURE OF A FRONTAL ZONE: A CASESTUDY OF 11-12, MAY, 1994. Kazuo Kurihara, Meteorological Research Inst., Tsukuba, Japan; andH. Seko

106 P5.24 THE LARGE-SCALE AND CYCLONE-SCALE FLOW CONTRIBUTIONS TO FRONTOGENESIS INMIDLATITUDE OCEANIC CYCLONES: OBSERVATIONS AND IDEALIZED MODELS. David M.Schultz, SUNY, Albany, NY; and D. Keyser and L. F. Bosart

P5.25 ROTATION OF MID-LATITUDE BINARY CYCLONES: A POTENTIAL VORTICITY CONCEPTUALMODEL. Baruch Ziv, Tel Aviv Univ., Tel Aviv, Israel; and P. Alpert

103 P5.26 DIABATICALLY-INDUCED GEOSTROPHIC ADJUSTMENT PROCESSES RESULTING INUNBALANCED FRONTOGENESIS, SHEARING INSTABILITY, AND SEVERE WEATHER. Michael L.Kaplan, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC; and Y.-L. Lin, S. E. Koch, R. A. Rozumalski, R. P.Weglarz, and D. W. Hamilton

109 P5.27 FRONTS 92 IOP1-MESOSCALE STRUCTURES ASSOCIATED WITH SNOW SUBLIMATION. S. A.Clough, Univ. of Reading, Reading, and UK Meteorological Office, Bracknell, Berks., United Kingdom

112 P5.28 SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS, OPERATIONAL ANALYSES, AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION OFMESOCYCLONES WITHIN CUT-OFF SYNOPTIC-SCALE CYCLONES. F. Martin Ralph, NOAA/ERL/ETL, Boulder, CO; and C. Snyderand C. H. Bishop

P5.29 PAPER WITHDRAWN

115 P5.30 ROLE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL DEFORMATION FIELD IN TRIGGERING THE POST-BRAER'SSTORM FRONTAL WAVE (JANUARY 10-13, 1993). H. Rivals, CNRS, Toulouse, France; and J. P.Cammas

P5.31 JET STREAK-INDUCED TYPE B CYCLOGENESIS AND FRONTOGENESIS IN EADY ANDCHARNEY BASIC STATES. Ronald P. Weglarz, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC; and Y.-L.Lin

117 P5.32 THE MESOSCALE RAINBANDS WITHIN A ROCKY MOUNTAIN LEE CYCLONE. Thomas R.Grzelak, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL; and M. K. Ramamurthy and R. M. Rauber

P5.33 STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF COLD FRONT IN THE LOW-LEVEL. Zhemin Tan, Nanjing Univ.,Nanjing, China

SESSION 6A: TROPICAL WEATHER SYSTEMS I

119 6A.1 3D RADIATIVE-CONVECTIVE EQUILIBRIUM IN THE TROPICAL ATMOSPHERE. Adrian M.Tompkins, Univ. of Reading, Reading, Berks., United Kingdom; and G. C. Craig

6A.2 PAPER WITHDRAWN

* Manuscript not available viii

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122 6A.3 ENERGETIC STUDY OF A WESTERLY WIND BURST. Xin Lin, Colorado State Univ., Ft. Collins, CO;and R. H.Johnson

125 6A.4 THE VARIABILITY OF VERTICAL PROFILES OF WIND, TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE DURINGTOGA COARE. Christopher Lucas, Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX; and E. J. Zipser

128 6A.5 MESOSCALE ORGANIZATION OF RAINFALL WITHIN WESTWARD PROPAGATING EQUATORIALWAVES OBSERVED FROM SHIPBOARD RADAR DATA DURING TOGA COARE. Thomas M.Rickenbach, Colorado State Univ., Ft. Collins, CO; and S. A. Rutledge

131 6A.6 AN ANALYSIS OF RAINFALL INTENSITY AND VERTICAL STRUCTURE FROM SHIPBORNERADARS IN TOGA COARE. Paul A. Kucera, Applied Research Corp., Landover, MD; and D. A. Shortand 0. W. Thiele

SESSION 6B: OROGRAPHIC PROCESSES I

6B.1 MEASUREMENT OF THE FLOW OVER AN ISOLATED HILL. Simon B. Vosper, Univ. of Leeds,Leeds, United Kingdom; and S. D. Mobbs, S. C. Coulter, and B. A. Gardiner

135 6B.2 LOW-LEVEL POTENTIAL VORTICITY ANOMALIES GENERATED BY COASTAL TOPOGRAPHY:WHAT IS THEIR SIGNIFICANCE? P. Ola G. Persson, Cooperative Inst. for Research in theEnvironmental Sciences (CIRES)/Univ. of Colorado and NOAA/ETL, Boulder, CO

138 6B.3 THE GENERATION OF POTENTIAL VORTICITY BY BREAKING MOUNTAIN WAVES. Ronald B.Smith, Yale Univ., New Haven, CT

141 6B.4 AN ANALOGY BETWEEN GRAVITY-WAVE BREAKING AND FLOW-SPLITTING IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL MOUNTAIN AIR-FLOWS. Christoph Schar, Atmosperic Physics ETH, Zurich,Switzerland; and D. R. Durran

144 6B.5 THE EFFECT OF BACKGROUND ROTATION ON MOUNTAIN INDUCED LOW LEVEL FLOWBLOCKING. Adrian S. Broad, UK Meteorological Office, Bracknell, Berks., United Kingdom

147 6B.6 SPLITTING OF COMPLEX OROGRAPHIC FLOWS. Haraldur Olafsson, CNRM, Meteo-France andCNRS, Toulouse, France; and P. Bougeault

POSTER SESSION P7A: TROPICAL WEATHER SYSTEMS II

149 P7A.1 CONVECTIVE ORGANIZATION MECHANISMS WITHIN A TOGA-COARE SQUALL LINE. Stanley B.Trier, NCAR, Boulder, CO; and W. C. Skamarock and M. A. LeMone

152 P7A.2 MOMENTUM TRANSPORT OF A TOGA COARE SQUALL LINE. Wen-Chau Lee, NCAR, Boulder,CO; and P. H. Hildebrand

155 P7A.3 VERTICAL MOTION AND HEATING PROFILES IN MARITIME CONTINENT MCSs. Robert Cifelli,Colorado State Univ., Ft. Collins, CO; and S. A. Rutledge

158 P7A.4 EXAMINATION OF A TOGA COARE SQUALL LINE IN THE LATE STAGE OF EVOLUTION.Sharon A. Lewis, NOAA/NSSL and CIRES/Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO; and M. A. LeMone andD. P. Jorgensen

161 P7A.5 INTERNAL BEHAVIOUR OF A DEEP CONVECTIVE CLOUD SYSTEM OBSERVED DURING TOGA-COARE. F. Guichard, CNRM, Meteo-France and CNRS, Toulouse, France; and J.-P. Lafore and J.-L.Redelsperger

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163 P7A.6 STUDY OF MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN DEEP CONVECTION ORGANIZED ALONG THE LOW-LEVEL SHEAR. Patrick Jabouille, CNRM, Meteo-France and CNRS, Toulouse, France; and J.-L.Redelsperger and J.-P. Lafore

P7A.7 ON THE VARIATION OF Z-R RELATIONS WITH ALTITUDE DURING TOGA COARE. Ali Tokay,NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD; and D. A. Short, P. A. Kucera, 0. W. Thiele, C. R. Williams, W. L.Ecklund, and K. S. Gage

165 P7A.8 TWO-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL MODELING INVESTIGATIONS OF THE FEBRUARY 11, 1993TOGA COARE MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM. Jeffrey B. Halverson, NASA/GSFC, Greenbeltand Universities Space Research Association (USRA), Seabrook, MD; and B. S. Ferrier, J. Simpson,and W.-K. Tao

168 P7A.9 HEAT AND MOISTURE BUDGET OF A CONVECTIVE SYSTEM OBSERVED DURING TOGA-COARE. Mathieu Nuret, CNRM, Meteo-France and CNRS, Toulouse, France; and M. Chong

P7A.10 NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF A WESTERLY WIND BURST EVENT AS OBSERVED IN TOGACOARE. Chaing Chen, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD; and W.-K. Tao and G. S. Lai

171 P7A.11 SCALE INTERACTIONS INVOLVED IN THE INITIATION, ORGANIZATION AND EVOLUTION OFMCSs OBSERVED DURING TOGA-COARE: THE 15 AND 12 DECEMBER 1992 CASE STUDIES.Alain Protat, CETP, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France; and K. Caillault, Y. Lemaitre, and G. Scialom

174 P7A.12 SEA, SUN, AND SHEAR: A RECIPE FOR TROPICAL RAINBANDS. Francoise R. Robe, MIT,Cambridge, MA

176 P7A.13 MESOSCALE AND SYNOPTIC ATMOSPHERIC DISTURBANCE ASSOCIATED TO CONVECTIONOBSERVED DURING COARE. P. Pires, CNRM, Meteo-France and CNRS, Toulouse, France; andJ.-L. Redelsperger and J.-P. Lafore

P7A.14 INITIATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF TROPICAL PACIFIC EASTERLY WAVES. Michael Neeve,Univ. of Reading, Reading, Berks., United Kingdom; and C. Thomcroft and K. A. Browning

178 P7A.15 LIFE DISTRIBUTION OF MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE CLOUDS OVER AFRICA. Henri Laurent,ORSTOM, Montpellier, France

P7A.16 NATURAL CONVECTION AS A HEAT ENGINE: A THEORY FOR CAPE. Nilton O. Renno, Univ. ofArizona, Tucson, AZ; and A. P. Ingersoll

181 P7A.17 NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS ON THE TROPICAL CYCLONE EYE. Suzanne L. Gray, Univ. ofReading, Reading, Berks., United Kingdom; and G. C. Craig

183 P7A.18 EVOLUTION OF TROPICAL CYCLONE BOUNDARY LAYER. Chien-Liang Uang, Univ. of Reading,Reading, Berks., United Kingdom; and C. Thomcroft

186 P7A.19 CASE STUDY OF TAMEX I0P13 FRONTAL RAINBAND. PART II: THE PRESSURE GRADIENTFORCE INDUCED BY MOMENTUM TRANSPORT. Jing Shan Hong, Central Weather Bureau, Taipei,Taiwan; and B. J.-D. Jou

189 P7A.20 ANALYSIS OF A HEAVY RAINFALL EVENT DURING TAMEX. Jun Li, Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI;and Y.-L. Chen and W.-C. Lee

192 P7A.21 THE INTERACTION OF THE UPPER- AND LOW-LEVEL JETS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OFMESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS IN A MEI-YU FRONT. Chaing Chen, NASA/GSFC,Greenbelt, MD; and W.-K. Tao, G. S. Lai, P.-L. Lin, and T.-C. Chen

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195 P7A.22 A MODELING STUDY OF MEI-YU FRONT AND THE ASSOCIATED POTENTIAL VORTICITY. JunDu, Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; and H.-R. Cho

POSTER SESSION P7B: OROGRAPHIC PROCESSES II

P7B.1 SOME ASPECTS OF THE MESOSCALE METEOROLOGY OF THE SOUTH ISLAND, NEWZEALAND. Andrew Sturman, Univ. of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand

198 P7B.2 LOW-LEVEL POTENTIAL VORTICITY IN FLOW PAST THE ALPS. Urs Aebischer, AtmosphericPhysics ETH, Zurich, Switzerland; and C. Schar

201 P7B.3 LEE VORTICES DUE TO FLOW PAST MESOSCALE MOUNTAINS. Jorge Gutierrez, Univ. ofReading, Reading, Berks., United Kingdom; and A. J. Thorpe

204 P7B.4 OBSERVATIONS OF THE NONSTATIONARITY OF TRAPPED LEE WAVES. F. Martin Ralph,NOAA/ERL/ETL, Boulder, CO; and P. J. Neiman, T. L. Keller, D. Levinson, and L. Fedor

P7B.5 PAPER WITHDRAWN

207 P7B.6 A CASE STUDY OF TRADE-WIND RAINBANDS ON THE ISLAND OF HAWAII. Jian-Jian Wang,Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI; and Y.-L. Chen

210 P7B.7 EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF MOUNTAIN WAVE EVENTS. J. L. Attie, Univ. Paul Sabatier,Toulouse, France; and A. Druilhet, P. Durand, and B. Benech

212 P7B.8 TURBULENCE CREATED BY A MOUNTAIN CHAIN DURING PYREX. J. L Attie, Univ. Paul Sabatier,Toulouse, France; and A. Druilhet, P. Durand, and B. Benech

214 P7B.9 NUMERICAL STUDY OF 2-D AND 3-D OROGRAPHIC WAVE DRAG. P. Hereil, CNRM, Meteo-France, Toulouse, France; and J. Stein

217 P7B.10 DYNAMICAL PROCESSES IN UNDISTURBED KATABATIC FLOWS. Gregory S. Poulos, Los AlamosNational Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM and Colorado State Univ., Ft. Collins, CO; and T. B. McKee,J. E. Bossert, and R. A. Pielke

219 P7B.11 APPLICATION OF A LINEAR MODEL TO LOCAL WINDS GENERATED AROUND THE PYRENEESRANGE (THE PYREX EXPERIMENT). E. Koffi, Univ. Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; and B. Benechand J. Stein

222 P7B.12 GRAVITY WAVE MOMENTUM FLUXES AND SURFACE PRESSURE DRAGS DUE TO THEPYRENEES: OBSERVATIONS AND NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS. Adrian S. Broad, UKMeteorological Office, Bracknell, Berks., United Kingdom; and A. M. Oakes

226 P7B.13 ANALYSIS OF THE ATMOSPHERE BEHAVIOUR IN THE PROXIMITIES OF AN OROGRAPHICOBSTACLE. E. Hernandez, Univ. Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; and J. Diaz and L. C. Cana

228 P7B.14 RICHARDSON NUMBER VARIATION OF STABLE BOUNDARY LAYER FLOW OVER HILLS. John J.Holden, Univ. of Reading, Reading, Berks., United Kingdom; and S. E. Blecherand S. H. Derbyshier

231 P7B.15 EFFECTS OF SHEAR AND SHARP GRADIENT IN STATIC STABILITY ON TWO-DIMENSIONALFLOW OVER AN ISOLATED MOUNTAIN RIDGE. Ting-An Wang, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh,NC; and Y.-L. Lin

234 P7B.16 THE WAKE OF ST. VINCENT. Vanda Grubisic, NCAR, Boulder, CO; and R. B. Smith, A. C. Gleason,and P. A. Gluhosky


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237 P7B.18 AN ALPINE-RELATED MODIFICATION OF THE UPPER-LEVEL PV PATTERN. Olaf Morgenstem,Inst. of Atmospheric Sciences ETH, Zurich, Switzerland; and H. C. Davies


240 P7B.20 NUMERICAL MODELLING OF THERMALLY-INDUCED VALLEY FLOWS WITH A NON-HYDROSTATIC MODEL. Jian-Guo Li, Univ. of London, London, United Kingdom; and B. W. Atkinson

P7B.21 IMPACT OF SUBGRID SCALE OROGRAPHY PARAMETERIZATION ON THE SIMULATION OFOROGRAPHIC FLOWS. Marc Georgelin, Univ. Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; and E. Richard

242 P7B.22 ON WAVE DRAG, FORM DRAG AND PARAMETERIZATION OF SUBGRID SCALE TOPOGRAPHYIN LARGE SCALE MODELS. Jingnan Zhou, York Univ., North York, ON, Canada; and P. A. Taylorand Y. Qi

245 P7B.23 VERA A HIGH RESOLUTION ANALYSIS SCHEME FOR THE ATMOSPHERE OVER COMPLEXTERRAIN. W. Poettschacher, Univ. of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and R. Steinacker and M. Dominger

P7B.24 DEEP CONVECTION EVENTS AT THE NORTHERN EDGE OF THE ALPS. Hans Volkert, DeutscheForschungsanstalt fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany; and M. Hagen

P7B.25 MESOSCALE PHENOMENA OF PIEDMONT FLOODS OF NOVEMBER 1994. S. Nizamuddin,Politechnico di Torino, Torino, Italy; and G. Perona

248 P7B.26 OMEGA-EQUATION ATTRIBUTION APPLIED TO SEVERE WEATHER EVENTS IN THE WESTERNMEDITERRANEAN. Maria Athanassiadou, Univ. of Reading, Reading, Berks., United Kingdom; andA. J. Thorpe

250 P7B.27 SIMULATION AND SCIENTIFIC VISUALIZATION OF INTENSE ALPINE PRECIPITATION EVENTS.Nazario Tartaglione, FISBAT-CNR, Bologna, Italy; and A. Buzzi

252 P7B.28 EXPLICIT CONDENSATION AND FOEHN MODELLING FOR THE BRIG 1993 FLASH FLOOD CASEOF MAP. Robert Benoit, Atmospheric Environment Service (AES), Dorval, PQ, Canada; and M.Desgagne

255 P7B.29 MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM INITIATION NEAR COMPLEX TERRAIN. Donna F. Tucker,Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence, KS


257 P7B.31 AN INVESTIGATION OF A TRAPPED COASTAL WIND REVERSAL. William T. Thompson, NavalResearch Lab. (NRL), Monterey, CA; and T. Haack and J. D. Doyle

260 P7B.32 OROGRAPHIC INFLUENCE ON PROPAGATING CYCLONES. Yuh-Lang Lin, North Carolina StateUniv., Raleigh, NC; and D. W. Hamilton and C.-Y. Huang

263 P7B.33 THE MESOSCALE ALPINE PROGRAMME (MAP) — TACKLING CURRENT CHALLENGES INMOUNTAIN METEOROLOGY. Peter Binder, Swiss Meteorological Inst., Zurich, Switzerland; andA. M. Rossa

SESSION 8A: TROPICAL WEATHER SYSTEMS III

266 8A.1 CLOUD-RESOLVING MODELLING OF CLOUD SYSTEMS OBSERVED DURING TOGA-COARE.F. Guichard, CNRM, Meteo-France and CNRS, Toulouse, France; and C. Hoff, J.-L Redelsperger, andJ.-P. Lafore

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268 8A.2 INTERACTIVE NATURE OF TROPICAL DEEP CONVECTION AND LARGE-SCALE ENVIRONMENTOVER THE WARM POOL. Shuyi S. Chen, Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA

8A.3 THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING STUDY OF A TOGA COARE LINE CONVECTION CASE: Q1,Q2, Q3 AND WATER BUDGET STUDIES. Wei-Kuo Tao, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD; and S. Lang,J. Simpson, Y. Wang, B. Ferrier, and J. Halverson

271 8A.4 THEORETICAL STUDY OF THE DYNAMICAL STRUCTURE OF A CONVECTIVE SYSTEMOBSERVED DURING THE TOGA-COARE EXPERIMENT. Yvon Lemaitre, CETP-CNRS, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France; and G. Scialom

274 8A.5 COUPLING OF PHYSICAL PROCESSES IN THE CLOUD-RESOLVING MODELING OF TOGACOARE CLOUD SYSTEMS. Xiaoqing Wu, NCAR, Boulder, CO; and W. W. Grabowski and M. W.Moncrieff

SESSION 8B: OROGRAPHIC PROCESSES III

277 8B.1 A NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF A STRATOSPHERIC INTRUSION AND AN ASSOCIATEDNORDFOEHN IN THE EUROPEAN ALPS, AND VALIDATION WITH OBSERVATIONS. EviSchuepbach, Univ. of Berne, Berne, Switzerland; and A. C. Massacand, H. Wernli, H. C. Davies, andT. D. Davies

8B.2 THE RELATIVE ROLES OF LATERAL BOUNDARIES, INITIAL CONDITIONS AND TOPOGRAPHYIN MESOSCALE SIMULATIONS OF AN ALPEX LEE CYCLOGENESIS. Pinhas Alpert, Tel Aviv Univ.,Tel Aviv, Israel; and S. O. Krichak, U. Stein, M. Tsidulko, and T. N. Krishnamurti

280 8B.3 DIAGNOSING DEEP CONVECTION IN AND AROUND THE ALPINE REGION. Manfred Dominger,Univ. of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and M. Hantel

8B.4 AIRBORNE DOPPLER OBSERVATIONS OVER A MOUNTAINOUS REGION. Frank Roux, Univ. PaulSabatier, Toulouse, France

283 8B.5 CASE STUDIES OF THE IMPACT OF THE UPPER BOUNDARY CONDITION ON SIMULATEDFLOW OVER THE ALPS. Peter Binder, Swiss Meteorological Inst., Zurich, Switzerland; and H.-J.Herzog

SESSION 9A: TROPICAL WEATHER SYSTEMS IV

286 9A.1 INVERSION-TRAPPED MOIST CONVECTION OVER THE TROPICAL OCEAN. Peter H. Hildebrand,NCAR, Boulder, CO

289 9A.2 AIRFLOW TRAJECTORIES WITHIN A SLOW-MOVING CONVECTIVE SYSTEM OBSERVEDDURING TOGA COARE. Bradley F. Smull, Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA; and T. J. Matejka andM. A. LeMone

292 9A.3 BOUNDARY LAYER STRUCTURE BENEATH TROPICAL MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMWITH LEADING CONVECTIVE BANDS: EFFECTS OF BAND ORIENTATION TO THE WINDPROFILE. Margaret A. LeMone, NCAR, Boulder, CO; and S. B. Trier, W. C. Skamarock, D. P.Jorgensen, and B. F. Smull

295 9A.4 STRUCTURE AND MOMENTUM FLUXES OF FOUR TOGA-COARE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMSOBSERVED BY AIRBORNE DOPPLER RADAR. David P. Jorgensen, NOAA/NSSL, Boulder, CO; andB. F. Smull, S. A. Lewis, and M. A. LeMone

298 9A.5 HEAT AND MOMENTUM FLUXES ASSOCIATED WITH MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMSOBSERVED DURING TOGA-COARE. Frank Roux, Univ. Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; and M.-P.Moine

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9A.6 COMPARISON BETWEEN AIRBORNE DOPPLER RADAR DATA AND THREE-DIMENSIONALSIMULATIONS OF A TROPICAL SQUALL LINE OBSERVED DURING TOGA-COARE. T. Montmerle,CETP, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France; and G. Sommeria, Y. Lemaitre J.-P. Lafore, and J.-L.Redelsperger

301 9A.7 THE DYNAMICS OF SLOW AND FAST-MOVING CONVECTIVE LINES IN TOGA COARE. W. C.Skamarock, NCAR, Boulder, CO; and S. B. Trier and M. A. LeMone

SESSION 9B: OROGRAPHIC PROCESSES IV

304 9B.1 TRAPPED LEE WAVE NONSTATIONARITIES OBSERVED BY ST RADAR AND AIRBORNEINSTRUMENTS. J.-L. Caccia, Univ. de Toulon, La Garde, France; and B. Benech

307 9B.2 NON-HYDROSTATIC 3D SIMULATIONS OF REAL MOUNTAIN FLOWS OBSERVED DURING THEPYREX EXPERIMENT. Valery Masson, CNRM, Meteo-France and CNRS, Toulouse, France; andP. Bougeault

310 9B.3 OROGRAPHIC EFFECTS DESCRIBED BY A UHF WIND PROFILER DURING THE PYREXEXPERIMENT. Monique Petitdidier, CETP, Saint Maur, France

312 9B.4 THE MUTUAL EVOLUTION OF MOUNTAIN WAVES AND KATABATIC FLOW. Gregory S. Poulos,LANL, Los Alamos, NM; and J. E. Bossert, T. B. McKee, and R. A. Pielke

314 9B.5 EFFECTS OF CRITICAL LEVEL ON WAVE DUCTING AND SEVERE DOWNSLOPE WINDSTORMSIN A STRATIFIED SHEAR FLOW. Ting-An Wang, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC; and Y.-L.Lin

317 9B.6 LARGE AMPLITUDE GRAVITY WAVES OVER THE SCANDINAVIAN MOUNTAINS: REALISTICVERSUS IDEALIZED SITUATIONS. Martin Leutbecher, DLR, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany; andH. Volkert

319 9B.7 MESOSCALE CHARACTERISTICS OF A TOPOGRAPHICALLY MODULATED FRONTAL ZONEOVER NORWAY. James D. Doyle, NRL, Monterey, CA; and M. A. Shapiro

SESSION 10A: TROPICAL WEATHER SYSTEMS V

322 10A.1 MODELING THE SPECTRAL SIMPLICITY OF MCS HEATING PROFILES. Brian E. Mapes,CIRES/Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO

324 10A.2 VERTICAL AIR MOTIONS DURING CONVECTIVE AND STRATIFORM RAIN OBSERVED USINGVHF AND UHF PROFILERS AT DARWIN, AUSTRALIA. Christopher R. Williams, CIRES/Univ. ofColorado and NOAA/Aeronomy Lab. (AL), Boulder, CO; and W. L. Ecklund, K. S. Gage, R. Cifelli, P. T.May, and K. Glasson

326 10A.3 THE MARITIME CONTINENT THUNDERSTORM EXPERIMENT (MCTEX): OVERVIEW AND INITIALRESULTS. T. Keenan, Bureau of Meteorology Research Ctr. (BMRC), Melbourne, Vic, Australia; andR. Carbone, S. A. Rutledge, J. Wilson, G. Holland, and P. T. May

329 10A.4 SURGES OVER THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA DURING THE MEXICAN MONSOON. David J.Stensrud, NOAA/ERL/NSSL, Norman OK; and R. L. Gall, D. S. Andrus, and M. K. Nordquist

332 10A.5 CASE STUDY OF TAMEX IOP13 FRONTAL RAINBAND. PART I: THE ROLE OF THE LOW-LEVELJET AND VERTICAL WIND SHEAR IN TRIGGERING, ORGANIZING, AND MAINTAINING THERAINBAND. Ben Jong-Dao Jou, National Taiwan Univ., Taipei, Taiwan; and J. S. Hong

335 10A.6 SIMULATION OF A PREFRONTAL RAINBAND OBSERVED IN TAMEX IOP 13. Ying-Hwa Kuo,NCAR, Boulder, CO; and W. Wang

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339 10A.7 PRECIPITATION PROCESSES IN ASIAN MONSOON RAINBANDS. Tsutomu Takahashi, KyushuUniv., Fukuoka, Japan

SESSION 10B: OROGRAPHIC PROCESSES V

342 10B.1 EVOLUTION OF TRAPPED ATMOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES ALONG A COASTAL BARRIER.Joseph B. Klemp, NCAR, Boulder, CO; and R. Rotunno and W. C. Skamarock

345 10B.2 EFFECTS OF OROGRAPHY AND MOISTURE ON BAROCLINIC WAVES: SPATIAL STRUCTUREAND PRECIPITATION FIELDS. Andrea Buzzi, FISBAT-CNR, Bologna, Italy; and P. Malguzzi

348 10B.3 ON THE INTERACTION OF COLD FRONTS WITH COASTAL OROGRAPHY. Scott A. Braun, NCAR,Boulder, CO; and R. Rotunno and J. B. Klemp

351 10B.4 SOURCES OF HAWAIIAN RAINBANDS. Harry T. Ochs III, Illinois State Water Survey (ISWS),Champaign, IL; and R. M. Rauber, G. R. Austin, and L. J. Miller

354 10B.5 THE EVOLUTION OF THE DOWNSLOPE FLOW ON THE ISLAND OF HAWAII DURING 10 AUGUST1990. Jiuhua Feng, Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI; and Y.-L. Chen

357 10B.6 FORCING OF WINDWARD ISLAND RAINFALL NEAR HAWAII. Richard E. Carbone, NCAR, Boulder,CO; and J. Tuttle, W.-C. Lee, W. A. Cooper, and V. Grubisic

360 10B.7 HAWAIIAN RAINBANDS: EFFECTS OF THERMAL FORCING ON THE RAINBAND DYNAMICS.Vanda Grubisic, NCAR, Boulder, CO; and P. K. Smolarkiewicz, R. M. Rasmussen, and R. E. Carbone

SESSION 11: FORECASTING & NWP I

363 11.1 FRONTAL CYCLOGENESIS, FORECAST FAILURE AND PV RETRODICTION. R. Fehlmann,Atmospheric Physics ETH, Zurich, Switzerland; and H. C. Davies

11.2 HOW TO LOOK FOR MIDLATITUDE CYCLONE PRECURSORS? Tomislava Vukicevic, NCAR,Boulder, CO

11.3 SINGULAR VECTORS FOR ADAPTIVE OBSERVATIONS. T. N. Palmer, ECMWF, Reading, Berks.,United Kingdom

366 11.4 SENSITIVITY AND SINGULAR VECTORS CALCULATION IN THE OPERATIONAL CONTEXT OFFASTEX. Thierry Bergot, Meteo-France, CNRM, Toulouse, France; and S. Malardel and A. Joly

369 11.5 ADJOINT-BASED TARGETING OF OBSERVATIONS FOR FASTEX CYCLONES. Rolf H. Langland,NRL, Monterey, CA; and G. D. Rohaly

372 11.6 PREDICTION OF ERROR COVARIANCES IN A SEMI-GEOSTROPHIC MODEL. Claude Fischer,Meteo-France, CNRM, Toulouse, France

POSTER SESSION P12: FORECASTING & NWP II

374 P12.1 A PROGNOSTIC METEOROLOGICAL MODEL APPLIED TO FOREST FIRE MANAGEMENT.Emiliano Hernandez, Univ. Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; and J. de las Parras, A. Rua,I. Martin, and S. Bourhim

377 P12.2 IMPACT OF NORTH ATLANTIC AND USA AIREP AND ACARS DATA ON CYCLONE ANALYSISAND FORECASTING. Beatrice Pouponneau, Meteo-France, CNRM, Toulouse, France

P12.3 AN OVERVIEW OF THE NORTH AMERICAN ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVING SYSTEM, NAOS,PROGRAM. John Cunning, NOAA/Forecast Systems Lab. (FSL), Boulder, CO; and F. Zbar

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379 P12.4 IMPACT OF DRIFTING BUOY OBSERVATIONS ON NWP MODEL EVOLUTION - A CASE STUDY.J. Roger Grant, UK Meteorological Office, Bracknell, Berks., United Kingdom; and R. J. Graham andM. J. Bader

382 P12.5 PREDICTABILITY OF AN EXTRATROPICAL MARINE CYCLONE. X. Zou, NCAR, Boulder, CO; andY.-H. Kuo and S. Low-Nam

386 P12.6 INFLUENCE OF CUMULUS PARAMETERIZATION ON HURRICANE FLORENCE (1988)DEVELOPMENT. V. Mohan Karyampudi, Science Systems Applications, Inc. (SSAI), Greenbelt, MD;and G. Lai and E. Rodgers

389 P12.7 ANALYTICAL AND NUMERICAL STUDIES OF A STATIONARY PRECIPITATION BAND OBSERVEDOVER THE KANTO PLAIN ASSOCIATED WITH T9426 (ORCHID). Hiromu Seko, MeteorologicalResearch Inst., Ibaraki-ken, Japan; and T. Kato, K. Saito, M. Yoshizaki, K.-i. Kusunoki, H. Okamura,and Tsukuba Area Precipitation Studies Group

391 P12.8 SINGULAR VECTOR CALCULATIONS FOR CASES OF CYCLOGENESIS IN THE NORTHATLANTIC STORM-TRACK. Andrea Montani, Univ. of Reading, Reading, Berks., United Kingdom;and R. Buizza and A. J. Thorpe


P12.9A TOWARDS IMPROVED FORECASTING AND UNDERSTANDING OF SECONDARY FRONTALCYCLONES USING ATTRIBUTION. Ian A. Renfrew, Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; andC. H. Bishop

P12.10 TWO-DIMENSIONAL MULTIRESOLUTION WAVELET ANALYSIS ON ERRORS OF A LIMITED-AREA MODEL - MC2. Ying Qi, AES, Downsview, ON, Canada

393 P12.11 THE IMPACT OF MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS ON FLOOD FORECASTING IN THE UK.P. J. Hardaker, UK Meteorological Office, Bracknell, Berks., United Kingdom; and C. G. Collier

396 P12.12 A NEW PV-BASED METHOD FOR SHORT-RANGE WEATHER FORECASTING QUALITYCONTROL AND INTERVENTION. Meral Demirtas, Univ. of Reading, Reading, Berks., UnitedKingdom; and A. J. Thorpe

P12.13 CAPABILITY OF A LAM TO SIMULATE TWO SUCCESSIVE MESOSCALE CONVECTIVECOMPLEXES OVER SOUTH AMERICA. A. Celeste Saulo, Univ. de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires,Argentina; and M. Nicolini

399 P12.14 FORECAST OF STORM DISSIPATION. Anatoli Starostin, Univ. Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas-RS,Brazil; and S. Abdoulaev


401 P12.16 THE USE OF CLOUD-RESOLVING SIMULATIONS OF MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS TOBUILD A CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION SCHEME. G. David Alexander, Colorado State Univ.,Ft. Collins, CO; and W. R. Cotton

404 P12.17 WINTER TEMPERATURE PREDICTION USING GEOSTATISTICAL METHODS: A CASE STUDY.Carme Hervada, Univ. Politicnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; and V. Pawlowsky

P12.18 A STUDY OF INFLUENCE OF CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATIONS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF30-60 DAYS OSCILLATIONS IN THE INM AGCM. Vladimir A. Alexeev, Inst. of NumericalMathematics, Moscow, Russia

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407 P12.19 USE OF SURFACE OBSERVATIONS FOR THE INITIALIZATION OF A LIMITED AREA MODEL: ACASE STUDY OF SUMMER CONVECTIVE ACTIVITY. Carlo Cacciamani, Regional MeteorologicalService, Bologna, Italy; and F. Grazzini

410 P12.20 SIMULATION OF THE 4-5 JANUARY 1995 CENTRAL NEW YORK LAKE-EFFECT SNOWSTORMUSING THE PENN STATE/NCAR (MM5) MESOSCALE MODEL. Gregory P. Byrd, UniversityCorporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR)/Cooperative Program for Meteorology, Education andTraining (COMET), Boulder, CO; and R. J. Ballentine, E. K. Vizy, and D. L. Schleede

SESSION 13: FORECASTING & NWP III

13.1 PAPER WITHDRAWN

413 13.2 SHORT-RANGE NUMERICAL PREDICTION OF MESOSCALE SNOW BANDS USING ADJOINTTECHNIQUES. Christopher A. Davis, NCAR, Boulder, CO; and K. W. Manning and X. Zou

416 13.3 DATA ASSIMILATION OF A TEN-DAY PERIOD DURING JUNE 1993 OVER THE SOUTHERNGREAT PLAINS SITE USING A NESTED MESOSCALE MODEL. Jimy Dudhia, NCAR, Boulder, CO

418 13.4 THE UTILITY OF OBSERVATIONS FOR MESOSCALE MODEL FORECASTS OF PRECIPITATIONACCUMULATION. Richard J. Graham, UK Meteorological Office, Bracknell, Berks., United Kingdom;and S. R. Anderson and M. J. Bader

421 13.5 THE IMPORTANCE OF MESOSCALE ANALYSES AND TERRAIN IN SUCCESSFULLYFORECASTING A MESOSCALE SNOWSTORM: A CASE STUDY. Jennifer M. Cram, NOAA/FSL,Boulder, CO

SESSION 14: FORECASTING & NWP IV

424 14.1 USE OF COINCIDENT AIRCRAFT AND RADAR OBSERVATIONS TO VERIFY AND DERIVEPARAMETERISATION OF CLOUD MICROPHYSICS IN MESOSCALE MODEL FORECASTS OFFRONTAL CLOUD. Anthony J. Illingworth, Univ. of Reading, Reading, Berks., United Kingdom; andS. P. Ballard, J. W. G. Thomason, and V. Marecal

427 14.2 STATISTICAL/DYNAMICAL ADAPTATION OF PRECIPITATION TO MESO-GAMMA RESOLUTIONFOR DISTRIBUTED HYDROLOGICAL MODELLING. Robert Benoit, AES, Dorval, PQ, Canada; andP. Pellerin, J. Mailhot, and Y. Larocque

430 14.3 THE PREDICTION OF SEVERE CONVECTION: A COMPARISON OF MEASURED AND MODEL-PREDICTED THUNDERSTORM INDICES. Wolfgang Linder, Atmospheric Sciences ETH, Zurich,Switzerland; and W. Schmid and P. Binder

433 14.4 THE TRIGGER FUNCTION TO ACTIVATE AN MCS PARAMETERIZATION SCHEME IN GCM.Hongli Jiang, Colorado State Univ., Ft. Collins, CO; and R. L. McAnelly and W. R. Cotton

435 14.5 TUNING RAMS TO NORTHEAST REGION OF BRAZIL-PRELIMINARY RESULTS. Renato R. daSilva, FUNCEME, Fortaleza, Brazil; and V. de Paula Silva Filho, A. W. Gandu, P. Satyamurty, M. I.Vitorino, and A. A. Costa

437 14.6 NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF LINE-SHAPED TORRENTIAL RAINBAND OCCURRED IN THESOUTHERN KYUSHU, JAPAN ON 1 AUGUST 1993. Teruyuki Kato, Meteorological Research Inst.,Ibaraki-ken, Japan

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615 KEYNOTE ADDRESS: CONVECTIVE CLOUD MICROPHYSICS AND CLIMATE CHANGE. Kerry A. Emanuel,MIT, Cambridge, MA

SESSION 15: EXTRATROPICAL CONVECTION I

607 15.1 NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF DEEP FRONTAL CONVECTION. Brian F. Jewett, National Ctr. forSupercomputing Applications (NCSA)/Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL; and R. B. Wilhelmson

439 15.2 PREFRONTAL SQUALL LINES IN THE SOUTHERN USA: A CASE STUDY OF INTERACTIONBETWEEN FRONTAL AND CONVECTIVE DYNAMICS. Bart Geerts, Univ. of Alabama, Huntsville,AL; and K. R. Knupp

15.3 A NUMERICAL STUDY OF DEEP CONVECTION OVER THE FLORIDA PENINSULA DURINGJASBEX. Liang Xu, NRL, Monterey, CA; and R. M. Hodur

442 15.4 MESOSCALE INVERSE ENERGY CASCADES FORCED BY DEEP CONVECTION. G. J. Shutts, UKMeteorological Office, Bracknell, Berks..United Kingdom; and M. E. B. Gray and G. K. Vallis

445 15.5 THE INFLUENCE OF CONVECTIVELY GENERATED THERMAL FORCING ON THE MESOSCALECIRCULATION AROUND SQUALL LINES. Rajul E. Pandya, Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA; andD. R. Durran

447 15.6 EVOLUTION OF VORTICITY AND POTENTIAL VORTICITY ASSOCIATED WITH TWO SIMULATEDMESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS. Rolf F. Hertenstein, Colorado State Univ., Ft. Collins, CO;and W. R. Cotton

450 15.7 THE GENERATION OF MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE VORTICES WITHIN LONG-LIVEDCONVECTIVE SYSTEMS. Morris L. Weisman, NCAR, Boulder, CO; and C. A. Davis, W. C.Skamarock, and J. B. Klemp

453 15.8 MESOSCALE DYNAMICS OF MID-LEVEL CONVECTION IN AN INTENSE MID-LATITUDEANTICYCLONE. John A. Knox, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, Wl; and B. D. Hoggatt

SESSION 16: EXTRATROPICAL CONVECTION II

456 16.1 LOCALLY INDUCED CONVERGENCE AND THUNDERSTORM INTENSIFICATION OVER NORTHWEST ENGLAND. C. G. Collier, Univ. of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom

459 16.2 A TORNADO-PRODUCING MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM IN NORTHERN SWITZERLAND.H. H. Schiesser, Atmospheric Science ETH, Zurich, Switzerland; and W. Schmid, R. A. Houze, Jr., andB. Bauer

611 16.3 AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON PROPAGATION AND LIFETIME OF CONVECTIVE STORMS INCENTRAL EUROPE BASED ON LIGHTNING DATA. Ulli Finke, DLR, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany;and T. Hauf

462 16.4 ELDORA OBSERVATIONS OF THE FINE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF THE DRYLINE. Nolan T. Atkins,NCAR, Boulder, CO; and R. M. Wakimoto

465 16.5 NUMERICALLY SIMULATED DRY LINE IN THE CENTRAL PLAINS OF THE UNITED STATES.Lewis D. Grasso, Colorado State Univ., Ft. Collins, CO; and W. R. Cotton

468 16.6 NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE GROWTH OF A HIGH PLAINS MCS. J. E. Nachamkin, ColoradoState Univ., Ft. Collins, CO; and W. R. Cotton

471 16.7 HORIZONTAL SCALE SELECTION OF CONVECTIVE CELLS IN NUMERICALLY SIMULATEDSQUALL LINES. Robert G. Fovell, Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA

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SESSION 17: EXTRATROPICAL CONVECTION III

473 17.1 MESOSCALE PROPERTIES OF MIDLATITUDE MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS DEDUCEDFROM OPERATIONAL DATA. Richard H. Johnson, Colorado State Univ., Ft. Collins, CO

476 17.2 THE DYNAMICS GOVERNING SURFACE PRESSURE FIELDS IN MESOSCALE CONVECTIVESYSTEMS. Louis J. Wicker, Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX; and W. C. Skamarock

479 17.3 LINEAR MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL. Sanjar Abdoulaev, Univ.of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; and 0. Lenskaia

482 17.4 ALONG-LINE VARIABILITY OF A MIDLATITUDE SQUALL LINE AS INFLUENCED BY LARGER-SCALE FLOWS. Stephane Belair, McGill Univ., Montreal, PQ, Canada; and D.-L. Zhang

485 17.5 CLOUD STRUCTURES OBSERVED BY A DOPPLER RADAR: DYNAMICAL STUDY ANDINTERPRETATION. Georges Scialom, CETP-CNRS-UVSQ, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France; andY. Lemaitre

POSTER SESSION P18: EXTRATROPICAL CONVECTION IV

488 P18.1 RAPID VORTEX GENERATION IN A SIMULATED MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM. Peter Q.Olsson, Colorado State Univ., Ft. Collins, CO; and W. R. Cotton

491 P18.2 MCC VERSUS NON-MCC MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS: FEATURES ASSOCIATED WITHINITIATION. Christopher J. Anderson, Iowa State Univ., Ames IA; and R. W. Arritt

P18.3 MECHANISMS DRIVING A MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM OVER ARGENTINA. Juan C.Torres, Univ. de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and M. Nicolini


494 P18.5 A THEORETICAL AND NUMERICAL STUDY OF DENSITY CURRENTS IN NON-CONSTANT SHEARFLOWS. Ming Xue, Ctr. for the Analysis and Prediction of Storms (CAPS)AJniv. of Oklahoma, NormanOK; and Q. Xu and K. K. Droegemeier

497 P18.6 EFFECTS OF NONLINEARITY ON THE ATMOSPHERIC FLOW RESPONSE TO LOW-LEVELHEATING IN A UNIFORM FLOW. Jong-Jin Baik, Kwangju Inst. of Science and Technology, Kwangju,Korea; and H.-Y. Chun

500 P18.7 MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM DYNAMICS AS A MASS FORCING PROCESS. M. E. B.Gray, UK Meteorological Office, Bracknell, Berks., United Kingdom; and G. J. Shutts

503 P18.8 A CASE STUDY OF AN MCS OVER SOUTHERN ENGLAND ON THE 24TH JUNE 1994. A. A. Hehir,UK Meteorological Office, Bracknell, Berks., United Kingdom; and M. E. B. Gray

505 P18.9 ANALYSIS OF A MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT IN THE WESTMEDITERRANEAN AREA. E. Hernandez, Univ. Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; and L. C.Cana and J. Diaz

507 P18.10 INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF NON-LINE MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM IN SOUTHERNBRAZIL. Sanjar Abdoulaev, Univ. Federal de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; and A. Starostin

509 P18.11 THE TIME-VARIATIONS OF THE INTENSITY OF CB-CONVECTION WITH SHORT PERIODS OF1 AND 3 HOURS IN THE SOUTH OF BRAZIL. Anatoli Starostin, Univ. Federal de Pelotas, RioGrande do Sul, Brazil; and V. Iliine

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511 P18.12 SYNCHRONOUS TIME-VARIATIONS OF CONVECTIVE INTENSITY OF CLOUD CLUSTERS.Anatoli Starostin, Univ. Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil

P18.13 ONE CASE OF ORGANIZED CONVECTIVE STORM: RADAR AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION.Carlos A. M. Rodriguez, Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD; and J. A. Vergara

P18.14 THE SEVERE CONVECTIVE STORMS OF JULY 21, 1992, IN CENTRAL EUROPE - ACOMPREHENSIVE DATA SET FOR MESOSCALE RESEARCH. Ulli Finke, DLR, Oberpfaffenhofen,Germany; and T. Hauf

P18.15 THE ADRIATIC WATERSPOUTS. Vlasta Tutis, Meteorological and Hydrological Service, Zagreb,Croatia; and B. Ivancan-Picek


513 P18.17 A NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE MULTIPLES VORTEX IN SIMULATED TORNADOES. Jose A.Vergara, Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD; and F. Baer

515 P18.18 MECHANISMS OF CELL REGENERATION, SPLITTING, AND MERGING WITHIN A TWO-DIMENSIONAL MULTICELL THUNDERSTORM. Yuh-Lang Lin, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh,NC; and R. Deal and M. Kulie

SESSION 19: BOUNDARY LAYER I

517 19.1 A NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF A DIURNALLY FORCED PLANETARYBOUNDARY-LAYER ON DRY FRONTOGENESIS. Kevin J. Tory, Monash Univ., Clayton, Vic,Australia; and M. J. Reeder

520 19.2 THE COUPLING OF FRONTS AND THE BOUNDARY LAYER. Chris Snyder, NCAR, Boulder, CO;and D. Keyser

19.3 EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT PLANETARY BOUNDARY LAYER FORMULATIONS ONEXTRATROPICAL CYCLONE SIMULATIONS OVER THE OCEANS. P. Ola G. Persson, NOAA/ETL,Boulder, CO; and J.-W. Bao, P. J. Neiman, and M. A. Shapiro

523 19.4 THE LOW-LEVEL JET AS A SCALE INTERACTION MECHANISM DURING THE 1993 FLOODSOVER THE MIDWESTERN UNITED STATES. Raymond W. Arritt, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA; andT. D. Rink, C. A. Clark, M. Segal, and Z. Pan

19.5 NUMERICAL MODELLING OF MESOSCALE CIRCULATIONS INDUCED BY SURFACEHETEROGENEITIES. Pedro M. A. Miranda, Univ. of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; and R. Salgado andM. A. C. Teixeira

POSTER SESSION P20: BOUNDARY LAYER II

526 P20.1 NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF THE NOCTURNAL BOUNDARY LAYER EVOLUTION WITHIN ACANYONLAND BASIN. Jerome D. Fast, Pacific Northwest National Lab., Richland, WA; and S. Zhongand C. D. Whiteman

529 P20.2 EVOLUTION OF BOUNDARY-LAYER CONVECTION. Tammy M. Weckwerth, NCAR, Boulder, CO

532 P20.3 MODELING THE EVOLUTION OF SUMMERTIME ARCTIC STRATUS AND INTERACTION WITHTHE LARGE-SCALE ENVIRONMENT. James O. Pinto, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO; and J. A.Curry

535 P20.4 A NUMERICAL STUDY OF COLD FRONTS IN THE PBL. Mariusz Pagowski, York Univ., North York,ON, Canada

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538 P20.5 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SENSIBLE AND LATENT HEAT FLUXES AND THE LOCATIONOF INITIAL CONVECTIVE STORM FORMATION ALONG THE DRYLINE. Todd M. Crawford, Univ.of Oklahoma, Norman, OK; and H. B. Bluestein

541 P20.6 SIMULATION OF AIR-SEA INTERACTION OVER A WARM-CORE RING USING A COUPLEDMESOSCALE ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN MODEL. Lian Xie, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC;and Y.-L. Lin, L. J. Pietrafesa, and S. Raman

542 P20.7 A MASS FLUX RATIO METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE LINEARITY OF BOUNDARY LAYERCONVECTION. David A. R. Kristovich, ISWS, Champaign, IL; and N. F. Laird

P20.8 LARGE-SCALE ESTIMATES OF TURBULENT SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX AT HETEROGENEOUSSURFACES AFTER MESOMETEOROLOGICAL MODELING. A. Y. Mikhailov, Russian Academy ofSciences, Moscow, Russia; and A. B. Shmakin

613 P20.9 MM5 SIMULATED RESPONSE OF LOW-LEVEL JET TO BOUNDARY-LAYER PROCESS ANDPRECIPITATION PARAMETERIZATION. Hao Wang, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA; and J. Shen

545 P20.10 HILLS AND HYDROLOGY-TOWARDS A MORE REALISTIC LAND SURFACE DESCRIPTION. C.Huntingford, Inst. of Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxon, United Kingdom; and E. M. Blyth

547 P20.11 COMPARISON OF CONVECTION INITIATION IN AN EDDY-RESOLVING MODEL AND IN AN EDDY-PARAMETERIZED MODEL. N. Andrew Crook, NCAR, Boulder, CO

550 P20.12 SENSITIVITY OF THE ARCTIC CLIMATE TO PLANETARY BOUNDARY LAYERPARAMETERIZATION. C. A. Abegg, Alfred Wegener Inst. For Polar and Marine Research , Potsdam,Germany, and K. Dethloff, A. Rinke, V. F. Romanov, and E. van Meijgaard

610 P20.13 ON THE EFFECT OF TURBULENT FRICTION. Sergey L. Vasilyev, GWP Limited, London, UnitedKingdom

552 P20.14 APPLICATION OF NON-LOCAL TURBULENCE CLOSURES TO A MESOSCALE MODEL FOR THEARCTIC CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER. Christof Lupkes, Alfred Wegener Inst. for Polar andMarine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany; and K. H. Schlunzen

POSTER SESSION P21: GRAVITY WAVES, ETC. I

554 P21.1 THE MOIST ANELASTIC EQUATIONS. Peter R. Bannon, Penn State Univ., University Park, PA

556 P21.2 AN EXPERIMENTAL/NUMERICAL STUDY OF INTERNAL WAVE TRANSMISSION ACROSS ANEVANESCENT LEVEL. Bruce R. Sutherland, Univ. of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; andP. F. Linden

559 P21.3 OBSERVATIONAL ANALYSIS OF A MESOSCALE GRAVITY WAVE DETECTED DURING STORM-FEST. C. Michael Trexler, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC; and S. E. Koch and F. M. Ralph

562 P21.4 LARGE-AMPLITUDE INERTIA-GRAVITY WAVE ENVIRONMENTS: VERTICAL STRUCTURE ANDEVOLUTION. Eric G. Hoffman, SUNY, Albany, NY; and L. F. Bosart and D. Keyser

565 P21.5 VORTEX ORGANISATION AND WAVE-VORTEX DYNAMICS IN MESOSCALE TURBULENCE. P.Bartello, AES, Dorval, PQ, Canada

P21.6 EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF MESOSCALE FIELD DATA BY SUCCESSIVE CORRECTIONS. M. A.Pedder, Univ. of Reading, Reading, Berks., United Kingdom

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566 P21.7 SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY IN THE SEA BREEZE FRONT AS REVEALED BY ATHREE-DIMENSIONAL CLOUD MODEL. Peter S. Dailey, Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA; andR. G. Fovell

P21.8 RING WAVE SPECTRA AND SCATTEROMETRY FOR NATURAL RAIN. Larry F. Bliven,NASA/GSFC, Wallops Island, VA; and P. Sobieski, C. Craeye, J. Burhans, and P. Cowall

569 P21.9 OBSERVATIONS OF SEA BREEZE FRONTS USING A LIGHT AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTED FORFAST RESPONSE TURBULENCE MEASUREMENTS. Robert Wood, Univ. of Manchester Inst. ofScience and Tech. (UMIST), Manchester, United Kingdom; and P. R. Jonas

571 P21.10 NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF WINTER BREEZE CIRCULATION OVER THE EASTERNMEDITERRANEAN COASTAL ZONE USING A MIXED-PHASE SPECTRAL MICROPHYSICS CLOUDMODEL. Alexander P. Khain, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; and I. L. Sednev

574 P21.11 AIRCRAFT MEASUREMENTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG EVENT.Elisabeth A. Donnell, Flinders Univ., Adelaide, Australia; and K. Finkele, S. D. Chambers, N. J. Clark,and J. M. Hacker

576 P21.12 DESCRIPTION AND VALIDATION OF A SIMPLE DYNAMIC MODEL FOR SEA BREEZE STUDIES.Sander B. C. Tijm, Utrecht Univ., Utrecht, The Netherlands; and A. A. M. Holtslag and A. J. van Delden

P21.13 ON THE PROBLEM OF AUTOMATIC REGISTRATION OF THE MESOSCALE STRUCTURE OFFRONTAL SECTION FROM SATELLITE DATA. Natalia Fedorova, Univ. Federal de Pelotas, RioGrande do Sul, Brazil; and L. Bakst

P21.14 LOCAL STRUCTURE OF BREAKING GRAVITY WAVES AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON MESOSCALEPROCESSES. Andreas Doernbrack, DLR, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany; and T. Gerz

579 P21.15 DUAL-DOPPLER STUDY OF A MESOSCALE GRAVITY WAVE. Robert M. Rauber, Univ. of Illinois,Urbana, IL; and M. Yang and M. K. Ramamurthy

582 P21.16 VERTICAL WAVENUMBER SPECTRA OF WINDS AND TEMPERATURES: COMPARISONS OFOBSERVATIONS AND THE SATURATED SPECTRUM MODEL. Gregory D. Nastrom, St. Cloud StateUniv., St. Cloud, MN; and T. E. VanZandt and J. M. Warnock

SESSION 22: BOUNDARY LAYER III

585 22.1 SCALING OF REGIONAL HEAT FLUXES. Huang Xinmei, Murdoch Univ., Murdoch, Australia; andT. J. Lyons

588 22.2 COMPARISON OF RESULTS FROM THE SOIL-CANOPY-ATMOSPHERE MODEL WITHEXPERIMENTAL DATA. Klara Finkele, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial ResearchOrganization (CSIRO), Canberra, Australia; and M. Raupach

22.3 MESOMETEOROLOGICAL FLOW PATTERNS IN A MEDITERRANEAN URBAN BASIN.P. Kassomenos, Inst. of Meteorology and Physics of the Atmospheric Environment, Athens, Greece;and S. Lykoudis, M. Petrakis, and H. Flocas

590 22.4 PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM A COUPLED AIR-SEA MESOSCALE MODELLING SYSTEM.Jordan G. Powers, NCAR, Boulder, CO

593 22.5 MIXED LAYER DEPTH OVER A COMPLEX TERRAIN. X.-M. Cai, Univ. of Birmingham, Birmingham,United Kingdom; and D. G. Steyn

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595 22.6 MICROCLIMATE EFFECTS OF A PLANNED ARTIFICIAL LAKE IN THE SEMIARID BRAZIL ASSEEN BY RAMS. Vicente de Paula Silva Filho, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), SanPaulo, Brazil; and R. R. da Silva and P. Satyamurty

SESSION 23: GRAVITY WAVES, ETC. II

23.1 THE ROLE OF GRAVITY WAVES IN SLOWLY VARYING IN TIME MESOSCALE MOTIONS. HeinzKreiss, NOAA/FSL, Boulder, CO; and G. Browning

597 23.2 OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE OF THE INERTIAL GRAVITY WAVE-LIKE CHARACTER OF THESEA BREEZE EFFECT. A. J. van Delden, Utrecht Univ., Utrecht, The Netherlands; and S. B. C. Tijmand A. A. M. Holtslag

599 23.3 NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE GENESIS OF A LARGE-AMPLITUDE GRAVITY WAVE. Brian F.Jewett, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL; and M. K. Ramamurthy and R. M. Rauber

23.4 THREE-DIMENSIONAL GRAVITY-WAVE CRITICAL LEVELS. Stephen D. Mobbs, Univ. of Leeds,Leeds, United Kingdom

601 23.5 DETECTION AND SIMULATION OF GRAVITY WAVE EVENTS DURING STORM-FEST. Yi Jin,North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC; and S. E. Koch and L. Siedlarz

23.6 THE MEASUREMENTS OF SMALL-SCALE GRAVITY WAVES USING A SURFACE-BASED ARRAYOF PRESSURE SENSORS. Thomas Hauf, DLR, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany; and U. Finke

604 23.7 SINGLE-DOPPLER VELOCITY RETRIEVAL WITH THE GALCHEN-LIOU METHOD ANDCOMPARISON WITH RETRIEVAL BY THE ADJOINT TECHNIQUE. N. Andrew Crook, NCAR,Boulder, CO; and J. Sun

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seventh conference on mesoscale …the wcfr was mainly due to mesoscale ascent within the outflow...

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