SHARES OF CHILDREN AND PARENTS IN LAW OF ISLAMIC INHERITANCE

Yeni Salma Barlinti

FHUI Depok

١١النساء :

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SHARES OF CHILDREN

QS An Nisa ayat 11:a. God (thus) directs you as regards your

children’s (estate): to the male, a portion equal to that of two females

b. If only daughters, two or more, their share is two-thirds of the estate

c. If only one (daughter), her share is a half

KHI (Compilation of Islamic Law): SHARES OF CHILDREN

Article 176 KHIAnak perempuan bila hanya seorang ia mendapat separoh bagian, bila dua orang atau lebih mereka bersama-sama mendapat dua pertiga bagian, dan apabila anak perempuan bersama-sama dengan anak laki-laki, maka bagian anak laki-laki adalah dua berbanding satu dengan anak perempuan.

Position of Children

Son Always be dzul qarabat (bilateral Hazairin)

or asabah binnafsihi (patrilineal Syafi’i) Daughter

As dzul faraid if there is no son As dzul qarabat (bilateral Hazairin) or

asabah bilghairi (patrilineal Syafi’i) if there is son

How to Distribute Estate

1. Determine the heirs2. Determine classification of the heirs3. Count shares for dzul faraid first4. Count shares for dzul qarabat/ashabah5. Check totaling of all shares is 16. If the shares are less than the estate

(residue) RADD (return) or If the shares are more than the estate ‘AWL

7. Recheck totaling of all shares include radd or ‘awl is 1

Exercise 1

A B C E GD F H

M OI J LK N

1

654

32

Exercise 2

CB F KH JGEDA I

7 8

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SHARES OF PARENTS

QS An Nisa ayat 11:

d. For parents, a sixth shares of the estate to each, if the deceased left children

e. If no children, and the parents are the (only) heirs, the mother has a third (and if no brothers or sisters)

f. If the deceased left brothers (or sisters) (and no children) the mother has a sixth

SHARES OF MOTHER

Fa-in kaana lahuu ikhwatun fali-ummihi-ssudusu = “If the deceased left brothers (or sisters) the mother has a sixth”

System of bilateral inheritance: Hazairin ikhwatun means plural (two or more

brothers/sisters) Sajuti Thalib ikhwatun means one, two or more

brothers/sisters System of patrilineal inheritance:

Ikhwatun means plural (two or more brothers/sisters) So, if the deceased left one brother or sister, mother has a

third KHI Article 178 paragraph (1)

KHI: SHARES OF PARENTS

Article 177 KHI

Ayah mendapat sepertiga bagian bila pewaris tidak meninggalkan anak, bila ada anak, ayah mendapat seperenam bagian.

(jo. SEMA No. II Year1994 concerning Definition of Article 177 KHI is father has a third if the deceased no left children but she left husband and mother. If the deceased left children, father has a sixth)

Article 178 KHI

(1) Ibu mendapat seperenam bagian bila ada anak atau dua saudara atau lebih. Bila tidak ada anak atau dua orang saudara atau lebih, maka ia mendapat sepertiga bagian.

(2) Ibu mendapat sepertiga bagian dari sisa sesudah diambil oleh janda atau duda bila bersama-sama dengan ayah.

Position of Father

If the deceased left children, father is dzul faraid

If the deceased left no children, father is dzul qarabat (bilateral Hazairin) or asabah binnafsihi (patrilineal Syafi’i)

Only on system of patrilineal inheritance: if the deceased left a daughter, father is dzul faraid and asabah binnafsihi (Hadis Ibn Abbas)

Position of Mother

Mother is always as dzul farai’d with or without children and/or brothers (sisters)

Exercise 3

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Exercise 4

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Exercise 5

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Exercise 6

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Exercise 7

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Tsulutsul Baqi or Garrawain or Umariyatain

Ijtihad Umar bin Khattab: Mother has a third of residue (after taking away the shares of wife or husband), if she is coming together only with father, wife or husband

Aim: father must get more shares than mother Aplication : SEMA No. II Year1994 only

determine shares of father if he is coming together only with mother and husband, and KHI Article 178 paragraph (2)

Ibn Abbas’s opinion is mother has a third of total estate, not residue

Terima Kasih

WASSALAM