LLNL-PRES-669100 This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC

SHE2015 held at Texas A&M University March 31-April 2, 2015

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§ Synthesis of the heaviest elements at DGFRS

§ Summary of even-Z data § Summary of odd-Z data § Future work

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§  Most facilities use heavy ion accelerators to bombard targets and produce fusion/evaporation residues for further study, although transfer reactions are sometimes possible •  “Cold Fusion” reactions (e.g. 70Zn + 208Pb) •  “Hot Fusion” reactions (e.g. 48Ca + 243Am)

§  Separation of “Goodies” from unwanted products •  Gas-filled separators like DGFS, BGS •  Velocity filter separators like VASSALISSA, SHIP •  Advanced separators (MASHA …) •  Fast and/or automated chemistry

§  Detection and identification of “Goodies”

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48Ca beam is moving at about 10% the speed of light!

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The Dubna gas-filled separator uses a combinationof chemistry and physics to suppress unwantedreaction products.

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The addition of the top, bottom, and side detectors increased the geometry for counting α particles from 50% to 87%.

Veto detectors mounted behind the focal plane were used to identify and reject light charged particles passing through the separator.

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Note the presence of long-lived Fl, Cn, Ds, Sg and Rf isotopes!

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e-o e-e

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Note production of 294118 from 249Cf in-growth in target! At the time of production, the

target was 28% 249Cf

PRL 104 (2010) 142502

Bold events detected when beam was off

PRL 109 (2012) 162501

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Note production of 294118 from 249Cf in-growth in target! At the time of production, the

target was 28% 249Cf

PRL 104 (2010) 142502

Bold events detected when beam was off

PRL 109 (2012) 162501

Excitation functions for these reactions have been measured

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Odd-­‐Z    Nuclei  

+ 46 LBNL

+ 3

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239Pu target 240Pu target

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•  Bolometers (low temperature calorimetric detectors) offer an order of magnitude better energy resolution

•  Limited to ~1 KHz counting rates per pixel due to slow recovery times

•  Windowless bolometer is biggest technical challenge

•  Dr. P. Egelhof (GSI/Univ. of Mainz) and Dr. S. Kraft-Bermuth (Gießen) who have prototype detectors that can be tested at CAMS

Operated at 1-2 K temperature

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§  Significant progress has been made in the synthesis and study of the nuclear and chemical properties of the heaviest elements

§  Even-Z data match theoretical expectations fairly well

§  Odd-Z data provide opportunity to study nuclear structure of these heavy nuclei and their decay progeny

§  Still work to do – produce lighter isotopes, heavier elements, and more neutron-rich isotopes

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§  LLNL (Heavy Elements Group) – Ken Moody, John Wild, Ron Lougheed, Mark Stoyer, Nancy Stoyer, Carola Laue, Dawn Shaughnessy, Jerry Landrum, Joshua Patin, Philip Wilk, Roger Henderson, Sarah Nelson

§  JINR, Dubna, Russia – Yu. Ts. Oganessian, V.K. Utyonkov, Yu. V. Lobanov, F.Sh. Abdullin, A.N. Polykov, I.V. Shirokovsky, Yu.S. Tsyganov, G.G. Gulbekian, S.L. Bogomolov, B.N. Gikal, A.N. Mezentsev, S. Iliev, V.G. Subbotin, A.M. Sukhov, G.V. Buklanov, K. Subotic, M.G. Itkis, R.N. Sagaidak, S. Shishkin, A.A. Voinov, V.I. Zagrebaev, and S.N. Dmitriev

§  ORNL – C. Alexander, J. Binder, R. A. Boll, J. Ezold, K. Felker, R. K. Grzywacz, K. Miernik, J. B. Roberto, K. P. Rykaczewski

§  Vanderbilt University – J.H. Hamilton, A.V. Ramayya

§  RIAR, Dimitrovgrad, Russia – M. A. Ryabinin

§  UNLV, ANL, TAMU more recent additions to the collaboration

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LLNL LLNL

JINR JINR

26 года совместной работы

26 years of teamwork and great science

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June 24, 2013 celebration

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This has been a very fruitful collaboration Here’s to another 25 years of teamwork and friendship

Spasibo for your attention!