shin eunji 587465 partc

Part C. Detalied Design

C1. Design concept

site analysis Design concept is to create an area that attracts people to come and have an entertainment with great view. The site is in the middle of industrial area so we need strong attractor that is not only alluring people to come but also, informing about carbon neutral energy generator. The site is in Copenhage, Refshaleøen, surrounded by industrial buildings and ocean. Weather of the site is including lots of wind coming as it is near sea because Denmark is very northern Europe, the sunlight exposes of winter and summer is long which is 4 hours differences. There are not many buildings and roads compared to other side of the Copenhagen and, main roads are from south of the site because there is not much land on the north side of the site as it is surrounded by the ocean. So, most of the people comes from south and east of the site and mainly by cars. So, attractor that appeals people to visit this industrial area and cur-rently, the statue of the Little Mermaid is inspiring people to symbolize this area as a historical context of shipyard.

Additionally, the site is surrounded by ocean and the weather of Copenhagen has lots of wind so we thought wind turbines are the best way for energy generating. Our construction is a pavilion of three layers to protect inner area and people from wind and put a screen on the wall of inner layer. Screen shows some visual interest through presenting short videos or galleries or can be represented as an exhibition.

grasshopper - elk

grasshopper - elk

SITE

Elk is a Grasshopper component that enables to visualize map of not only geographic but also, sur-rounding environments for a specific site. The map that is downloaded from website has vast informa-tion of that site. So, it is available to see only what you want to through writing on the panels such as main roads or industrial buildings and so on. As a result, it is necessary to show coastline as the site is surrounded by water that highly influence to weather of Copenhagen. The residential area is quite far away from the site and industrial areas are near the site. But there are heaps of buildings that

represent Copenhagen’s popularity, even though it is over the water; consequently, there can be many people who will visit the site. But Copenhagen has good traffic condition as it includes railways, plenty of major and minor roads and even ferry route that stop over at the construction site. So, the site re-quires strong attractor to bring people to come over the site which is in the middle of industrial area.

Solar park south

Solar Park South is a project the developed existing bridge with Solar Panels and wind turbines. Solar cells that is coated in clear plastic is on the road and producing 11.2 million kilowatt hours and 26 Wind turbines that are installed under the bridge generate 36 million kilowatt hour of electricity per year [5]. Additionally, the design of big wind tur-bines and woods and grass, which are added on the bridge, will educate people about environment

friendly and think of en ergy generation. It is neces-sary to generate with free environmental resources like sun, wind, water or geothermal energy. But also, to notify people to acknowledge about climate change and act to do not waste energy as we are heavily depend of fossil fuels which is limited.

form generation process

The basic form design is raised from wind load diagram of Copenhagen. Exploring of diagrams of each month is necessary to sort out the best outcome throughout the year not only to protect people from wind but also, to maximize the energy generation of wind turbines. The curves are emerged from circle and some changes are made for some parts, where there is strong wind, the curves are bends inward to enlarge the surface towards wind to put more wind turbines. According to data from ‘Observed Wind Speed’, most of the wind is coming from south-west for overall. But in sum-mer, most of the wind is coming from the west. So the initial curve design is dynamic as it is bended inward for south-west part of the façade. This is to maximize the area that receives wind. Then inner two layers are added for screen display and safety from wind and noise.

WINTER WIND LOAD

ANNUALWIND LOAD

OUTCOME

basic form

Curvy line is added for the up-per line.

Loft to make surfaces

Set layers in Grasshopper.

1.3 Rebuild the diamond sur-faces with the lines obtained in step 1.2.

1.2 Use the Weaverbird Mid-edge subdivision command to create lines of diamond pattern on the surface.

1.1 Mesh the surface with U value of 4 and V value of 80

1. create surface with diamond panels

2. steel frame

2.2 Use pipe component to create the steel frame.

2.1 Offset the lines obtained in step 1.2.

4. panels

1. Diamond shape as a basic pattern

4. Use the area centroid to scale the border

2. Use the area centroid as the centre to scale the boder of the surface

5. Use the centre point of the general shape to scale the scaled border obtained in step n

3. loft the original and the scaled border

6. loft the scaled border in step n and the scaled border in step n.

wind analysis

According to the research of the wind-load, it is able to estimate which part of the façades would receive higher wind than other parts of facades. It is important to divide variety of panels for façade to reflect wind-load and place vibro-piezoelectric wind turbines to gain the efficiency. It also provides an idea of placing five different kinds of panels into appropriate places. To analyses wind-load toward the pavilion, Grass-hopper is used to represent wind-load.

1. Divide the surface into desired number of pieces.2. Extract the normal vector of each pieces of the vector3. Determine the wind vector4. Project the wind vector into the normal vec-tors obtained in step 25. Visualize the pieces of the surface by the de-gree of fitness between the pieces normal vector and the wind vector.

As a result, the red represents higher wind speed to-wards the façade and blue represent lower wind speed towards the façade.

grasshopper definition:wind analysis

ATTACHING PANELS INTO THE SURFACE

For the paneling, we decide to combine the theory of Biomimicry which is mimicking techniques or structures from nature. The structure of organisms has been evolving to survive from the nature. For examples, the cells or patterns of the nature seem like repetition of one cell but some parts are duplicating and transforming to fit to the surrounding environ-ments. Our patterns of the design are emerged from diamond shape. It seems like repeating of diamond shape but some parts of the diamond holes are bigger and some parts are smaller than others. It is reflecting the surrounding environment which is wind loads.There are 5 different sorts of panels on the base of diamond shape to gain energy generating efficiency.Blue panel is a basic diamond panel so that we can put where there is not much wind or the area that is

close to users for safety reason.Green panel has smallest hole, yellow panel has sec-ond-smallest hole and orange is the next and red panel has biggest hole. Red panels are placed in the area with highest wind load and we attached more piezoelectric turbines on it to maximize energy generating. And panels with a hole are extruded to access more wind. Therefore, there are many hollow panels for outer layer but there is only blue panels for very inner layer because there is a place for relaxing like a park. So, the inner area is out of noise and wind. The material of façades is timber because it is eco-friendly material and we thought it harmonize with surrounding environments which is grass and ocean.

grasshopper definition

vibro-piezoelectric wind turbine

One of the criteria of this project is ‘Using eco-friendly energy generator for carbon neutrality. Vibro-piezoelectric wind turbines are eco-friendly tech-nique to generate energy.Vibro-piezoelectric wind turbines are ideal for this site because it is made with foam blocks which are light and require small spaces [4]. Additionally, the design of the vibro-piezoelectric wind turbines is simple square box that influence people to notify about generator and it is quite funny to watch it. The basic technology of vibro-piezoelectric is raised from moving/kinetic energy that is generated from [2] The blocks are connected to oscillators that comprises with a crystal sandwiched between two metal plates [4]. Kinetic motion from vibration/or sound wave by wind influences the crystal that translates into electri-cal energy which is AC voltage then it will be stored in capacitor or battery.

TURBINE

OSCILLATOR

BATTERY

KINETIC ENERGYINTO

ELECTRIC ENERGY

AC VOLATAGE

ENERGY FLOW

The flow of wind power P (W/m2) past an area (A) normal to the flow velocity (V) is proportional to the density of air (r) as given by Equation below: P = r V3 A/2 [3]With the density of air of 1.2kg/m3, the power den-sity of wind at V = 10m/s is 600W/m2. However, it might be possible to convert 30% of this power into structural vibration energy with a density of P (P/A) = 180W/m2 (V = 10m/s). If one were to scavenge 30% of the structural vibra-tion into electrical energy our figure of merit would be wind density power P = 54W/m2.As frontal area of blunt body = 0.05 x 0.07 = 0.0035 m2, approximately 8553 generatorsTotal wind crossing area is 8553 x 0.0035 = 30 m2P (electricity power) = 54 x 30 = 1620 WW = 1620 x 24 x 365 = 141941200 Wh = 14191.2 kWh AnnuallyEach household average annual electricity usage is 5000 kWh [1], hence generated power will support 14191.2/5000 = 3 households per year

connectors

Connectors are needed to stablize the materials to be more accurate and safe. For the Pavilion, there are a few connectors that are linking:

1. Wood facade + White Steel Frame2. White Steel Frame + Ground3. Among Wood Panels4. Wind Turbine + White Steel Frame5. Among White Steel Frame (Steel Frame Connector)

4. Energy generators 4.1 Create a group of parallel lines in the parallelogram 3.3 by dividing and lining

corresponding points on it. 4.2 Pipe 4.1.

4.3 Find the points that the cantilevers of the energy generators should be locat-ed on by dividing 4.1 by the spacing of each generators.

4.4 Move the points by the vector defined by the points of the centre of 3.3 and the centre of 3.1.

4.5 Line up the two groups of points obtained in 4.4. 4.6 Pipe 4.5.

4.7 Draw a rectangle at the end that is pointing outward of 4.5 and offset it to cre-ate a box.

Integrating wood panels and vibro-piezoelectric wind turbines

For the surrounding design, footpaths are added to direct people to explore the site along the shore and near the pavilion.Playground in inner area provides an entertainment and procrastina-tion with nature both for adults and children. There are some toys that is fixed on the ground for kids to play and benches to have relaxation in the middle of the nature, on the grass with view towards ocean.

C3. final model

v-ray render

render

inside view & Vibro-Piezoelectric wind turbines

detail panels

physical model

Site model, scaled with 1:1000, is made with box-board 1.0mm by laser cutting. Blue transparent sheet represents water and green paper represents as grass. This site model is to prove how the design of pavilion suits into the surrounding site. As the scale is small, the model of pavilion is created by 3D printer- powder without details like holes and patterns of the facades. Even the pavilion is quite tall as 10m for the highest part, it suits into surrounding environments as the site is so huge.

Ivory card 290GSM is used for 1:100 model of pavilion. This paper-like material is ideal to make a model with massive amount of panels. The materials is cut by laser cutting and then folded and glued to create dynamic surfaces of the façade. This model is detail enough to show the light and

peizoelectric wind turbine

- Light foam blocks made with foam boards covered for easy sway by wind- Bolt Plates connect cantilever and piezoelectric panels.

CONNECTORS

- Plywood to represent wood facade- Bolt and Bolt Plates to connect each panel

Metal L-shaped bracket to con-nect white steel frame and wood façade by bolts

Bigger bolts to placing White Steel frames into the ground

C4. additional lagi brief requirements

A written description of your project

The technology used in your design

‘A Mazing Pavilion’ is a maze-like pavilion in the vast area in Copenhagen with eco-friendly energy generators by wind. The site is in Copenhagen and surrounded by industrial building. The design concept of the project is not only alluring people to visit the site but also, inform-ing about energy use through attaching carbon neutral energy generator. The basic form of the facades is emerged from wind-load diagrams of Copenhagen. There layers are made not only to make a maze-like pavilion but also, to make the inner area to be more secure from wind and noise. There layers are divided into one outer layer which is biggest and tallest, two middle and inner layers to make an open-ing. For cladding, diamond panels are chosen because it is aesthetic and stable and simple plane. To gain more efficiency, five different kinds of panels are created with different size of diamonds hole to control wind moving. Then these basic shape and cladding panels are integrat-ed to make a design of ‘A mazing pavilion’. admire aesthetic views.

Vibro-piezoelectric wind turbines are attached into the holes of the façades. Vibro-piezoelectric wind turbine generates energy from kinetic motion of the foam boxes are moving left and right that eventually convert into AC voltage. The benefits of this turbine are not only it uses free resource which is wind and requires not much places but also, it operates for 24 hours that improve efficiency. Turbines are very visual to visitors so people would won-der about moving squares boxes.When Vibro-piezoelectric wind turbines sways, the piezoelectric panels, comprised with a crystal sand-wiched between two metals, transmit that kinetic energy into electric energy. Then the electricity, AC voltage, is connected through wire, goes into the battery to store energy. There are more or less 25 form blocks for one big hollow panel for cladding the outer layer, and the blocks are connected with white steel frame. The wire is placing inside of the hollow inside of white steel frame and con-nected into the battery in the ground.

Playground is in the middle of the inner façade and there could be a sculpture or LED screen or any decora-tions that visually attract people. There are some wood toys that look like and moves like piezoelectric turbines so it allures children to play with and educates how the generator works. As the south-west part of the area is a ferry station, people might relax themselves with view-ing nature and aesthetic pavilion and decorations that could be vary depends on what’s in the inner façade. As the inner area is covered with outer and middle lay-ers, it would prevent some noise and wind and make inner area to be procrastination with visual attractors. Additionally, it is a good chance for ferry users to have relaxation while exploring simple maze-like façade of the pavilion and admire aesthetic views.

Estimate of the annual kWh (kilowatt-hours) generated by your

Dimensions and list of the primary materials used in your design

The energy generated of our design is based on the equation which is:P = r V3 A/2The flow of wind power P (W/m2) past an area (A) normal to the flow velocity (V) is proportional to the density of air (r) With the density of air of 1.2kg/m3, the power density of wind at V = 10m/s is 600W/m2. However, it might be possible to convert 30% of this power into structural vibration energy with a density of P (P/A) = 180W/m2 (V = 10m/s). If one were to scavenge 30% of the structural vibration into electrical energy our figure of merit would be wind density power P = 54W/m2.As frontal area of blunt body = 0.05 x 0.07 = 0.0035 m2, approximately 8553 generatorsTotal wind crossing area is 8553 x 0.0035 = 30 m2P (electricity power) = 54 x 30 = 1620 WW = 1620 x 24 x 365 = 141941200 Wh = 14191.2 kWh

Total area – approx. 3000 square meterHighest point of the model – 10m highLowest point of the model – 3m highDiamond panel size – Largest diamond size 300cm (W) x 260cm (H)-- Smallest diamond size 200cm (W) x 180cm (H) Plywood thickness – 2cmSteel frame diameter – 10cm Bolts diameter [connects the steel frame to the ground] – 1.5cmSteel frame connector diameter – 13cm Plastic mount size –6cm (l) x 3cm (W) Blunt Body size – 5cm (L) x 5cm (W) x 7.5cm (H) [the amount of energy will be generate depends on the size of the generator, according to the diagram, the smaller the size of the generate the more energy will be gener-ated]

AnnuallyEach household average annual electricity usage is 5000 kWh, hence generated power will support 14191.2/5000 = 3 households per year.

Steel grid (to hold up structure) – 10cm (part of the steel frame)Feeler gage & steel bar -- 24cm (L) x 5cm (W) x 0.009cm (T) [2cm will be insert into the e rear face of Blunt Body ]PZT Bender (piezoelectricity bender) -- 18cm (L) x 5cm (W) x 0.55cm (T)DuraAct Patch transducer – 6.1cm (L) x 3.5cm (W) x 0.05cm (T)Bolts diameter [connects the steel bar and PZT bender] – 0.75cm

Environmental impact

The Pavilion carries little environmental impact once it constructed as it doesn’t require any energy to oper-ate and it is carbon neutral construction with aesthetic feature. The site is where not many people visit even though it is vast, because it is surrounded by industrial area. Placing the pavilion that attracts people through playground in inner layer and big and beautiful construc-tion of pavilion itself, will make the area to be vibrant and active. There is a ferry stop at the side of the site, so, ferry route and the pavilion helps each other to bring more people because people who got off from the ferry will be attracted by the pavilion and people who are walking around the shore and pavilion will be attracted by the ferry. Therefore, it implies positive affect to local econo-my. Additionally, it fulfills educational purpose to notify climate change and what we should do for our environ-ment through piezo-electric turbines that have visual allure. Unlike other forms of generator using nature such

as sun or geothermal and so on, piezo-electric turbines need smaller area and cheaper than normal generator. Wind that is blowing for 24 hours near oceanic area makes this turbine to be more efficient.

C5. learning objectives&

outcomes

The learning objective for the Studio Air is to understand about computerization for architectural design and use it to make a better outcome. The program that the subject wants me to play with is Grasshopper. Grasshop-per is hard to understand the concept of the program and adopt it as my skill, but it is good to make some variety of prototypes with changing some numbers of slider or some components to bring up with a better outcomes. It is better than Rhinoceros because it is not that simple to make a change because I had to go back to the stage that I desire or make another one. Addition-ally, the definition of Grasshopper can be shared with friends because, same definition doesn’t mean that the design would be exactly same. Therefore, a lot of time is required for this subject to adventure of unknown area to get the result that I imagine and consequently, more time with group members and friends who are doing this

subject of have an experience of Grasshopper. It raises not only design skills but also, responsibility of group works that we all going to do in the future. Moreover, I felt like I am making a something practical and realistic this time compare to what I did for last year. So, I had to think of more realistic systems of con-nectors to support the design and the way of thinking like this is really necessary to make the design to be real. And I think it is good opportunity to consider and preparing about future of students, who are in third year, which is last grade. Even though it is too hard to operate, it refreshes the way I think towards computa-tional design to understand rather than just concen-trate on how to use the program.

references

[1] “Compare household usage and bills”, Switch On, last modified 04 December 2013, http://www.switchon.vic.gov.au/how-can-i-take-charge-of-my-power-bill/compare-household-usage-and-bills

[2] F.C. Moon , J.M. Kluger, R.G. Rand, “Shape optimization of a blunt body Vibro-wind galloping oscillator”, Journal of Fluids and Structures, 40 (2013) 185-200

[3] “Vibro-Wind Energy Technology for Architectural Applications”, WindTech International, last modified 04 October 2010, http://www.windtech-international.com/articles/vibro-wind-energy-technology-for-architectural-applica-tions

[4] “VIWIP Transport 1”, Urban Gallery, last modified 19 January 2014, http://urban-gallery.net/scib/?page_id=4166 piezo electric diagram

[5] Wind Turbine Bridge Transforms Italian Viaduct Into Public Space, Inhabitat, last modified 02 May 2011, http://inhabitat.com/solar-wind-turbine-bridge-repurposes-viaduct-for-public-space/