small remote sensing satellites for operational applications in … · 2007-12-19 · limitations...
TRANSCRIPT
Faculty of Geoinform
ationScience and Engineering
UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai
http://www.fksg.utm
.my
Small Remote Sensing Satellites for
Small Remote Sensing Satellites for
Operational Applications in Malaysia:
Operational Applications in Malaysia:
Opportunities and Challenges
Opportunities and Challenges
Mazlan
MazlanHashim
Hashim, , Ab.Latif
Ab.LatifIbrahim
Ibrahim,,
Maged
MagedMarghany
Marghanyand Arthur,
and Arthur, P.Cracknell
P.Cracknell
Universiti
UniversitiTeknologi
TeknologiMalaysia
Malaysia
Faculty of Geoinform
ationScience and Engineering
UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai
http://www.fksg.utm
.my
CO
NTE
NT
CO
NTE
NT
Introduction
Background
�Remote Sensing in M
alaysia
Small Satellite for EOS
�Opportunities
�Lim
itations
�Future O
utlook
Summary
Faculty of Geoinform
ationScience and Engineering
UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai
http://www.fksg.utm
.my
IN
TR
OD
UC
TIO
NIN
TR
OD
UC
TIO
N
The user-driven requirements for remote sensing data are
difficult to define, especially details on geometric, spectral
and radiometric parameters.
�Even m
ore difficult is a decent assessment of the required
degrees of processing and corresponding data quality.
It is therefore a real challe
nge to appropriately assess data
cost and services to be provided.
�Such cost benefit of remote sensing is yet to be determ
ined
Viewpoints on opportunities and challenges of small remote
sensing satellites for operational applications
Faculty of Geoinform
ationScience and Engineering
UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai
http://www.fksg.utm
.my
BA
CK
GR
OU
ND
BA
CK
GR
OU
ND
Remote Sensing in M
alaysia
Remote Sensing in M
alaysia
��National Rem
ote Sensing Committee (NRSC) established
National Rem
ote Sensing Committee (NRSC) established
early 1980
early 1980’’ s. s.
��Late 1980
Late 1980’’ s s ––National Rem
ote Sensing
National Rem
ote Sensing programme
programme
(NRSP) form
ulated under M
OSTE (now M
OSTI)
(NRSP) form
ulated under M
OSTE (now M
OSTI)
��comprises government agencies, universities and state planning
comprises government agencies, universities and state planning
agencies.
agencies.
��MACRES established in 1988 and operational in 1990
MACRES established in 1988 and operational in 1990 ––secretariat of
secretariat of
NRSC.
NRSC.
��Objective NRSP
Objective NRSP --to strengthen national capacity to
to strengthen national capacity to operationalize
operationalize
remote sensing and related technologies in the main stream of na
remote sensing and related technologies in the main stream of national
tional
development planning.
development planning.
Faculty of Geoinform
ationScience and Engineering
UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai
http://www.fksg.utm
.my
BA
CK
GR
OU
ND
(co
nt
BA
CK
GR
OU
ND
(co
nt’’ d
)d
)
�Malaysian G
round Receiving Station (MGRS) –
established 2002.
�TiungSat-1 -first Malaysian m
icro-satellite for
meteorology, earth observation, digital communication
and space experimentation in late 2000.
�RazakSatexpected launch in early 2008 w
ill carry high
resolution M
edium Aperture Camera (MAC) for earth
observations (2.5 & 5 m
)
�Near Equatorial Orbit
Faculty of Geoinform
ationScience and Engineering
UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai
http://www.fksg.utm
.my
BA
CK
GR
OU
ND
(co
nt
BA
CK
GR
OU
ND
(co
nt’’ d
)d
)
Applications of Remote Sensing has found relatively
Applications of Remote Sensing has found relatively
wide users with wide variation of operational status,
wide users with wide variation of operational status,
much depend on:
much depend on:
�spatial, spectral, radiometric and temporal resolutions of
availability of good quality data set
Temporal resolution (revisit capabilities) is seen the
most important requirement for operational
applications in Malaysia, as the probability of cloud-
free for this region <20% (optical system) !
Faculty of Geoinform
ationScience and Engineering
UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai
http://www.fksg.utm
.my
Gen
eral tr
en
d o
f te
mp
oral d
ata
req
uir
em
en
ts b
y d
iscip
lin
e
Gen
eral tr
en
d o
f te
mp
oral d
ata
req
uir
em
en
ts b
y d
iscip
lin
e
Yearly
Yearly
Yearly
Monthly
Weekly to bi-weekly
Weekly
Weekly to m
onthly
Hourly to daily
Hourly to daily
Hourly to daily
Hourly to daily
Archaeology
Cartography
Infrastructure m
apping
Forestry-G
eology
Agriculture
Hydrology
Oceanography
Marine pollution
Natural Disasters
Environmental monitoring
Meteorology
Average Temporal Revisit
Discipline
Faculty of Geoinform
ationScience and Engineering
UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai
http://www.fksg.utm
.my
Cu
rren
t S
tatu
sC
urren
t S
tatu
s
Tem
poral resolutions of
satellite data on commercial
EOS:
�real-time and near real-time
for extracting “dynamic”
inform
ation that changes
quickly with time.
�Inform
ation that do not
change fast such as landuse,
geological mapping, etc on the
other hand, requires non real-
timedata.
Special requirements of data for
studies /applications involving
dynamic phenomena
Ls
Sea
Surface
In-situ sampling:
Position,
Biophysical properties,
Biochemical properties,
IFOV
Faculty of Geoinform
ationScience and Engineering
UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai
http://www.fksg.utm
.my
Cu
rren
t S
tatu
sC
urren
t S
tatu
s
Rem
ote Sensing has been used widely in many operational
applications, in natural resource managem
ent, environmental
protection & conservation managem
ent and national strategic
planning.
�These include the use of all types of remote sensing data (imaging and
non-imaging) acquired using sensing system
s from low, medium to
high spatial, spectral and tem
poral resolutions producing regional to
farm
level range of inform
ation.
�In M
alaysia, these applications are confined to only a few
agencies
mainly focus in natural resource programmes(e.g. NAREM, Precision
Farm
ing, etc) only but very minimal in environmental protection and
conservation managem
ent.
Faculty of Geoinform
ationScience and Engineering
UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai
http://www.fksg.utm
.my
Tem
poral, spatial and spectral resolutions requirem
ents
for some remote sensing applications in M
alaysia (2004-2006)
Faculty of Geoinform
ationScience and Engineering
UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai
http://www.fksg.utm
.my
Faculty of Geoinform
ationScience and Engineering
UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai
http://www.fksg.utm
.my
Faculty of Geoinform
ationScience and Engineering
UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai
http://www.fksg.utm
.my
Rem
ote
Sen
sin
g w
ith
Sm
all
Sate
llit
es
Rem
ote
Sen
sin
g w
ith
Sm
all
Sate
llit
es
Advantages of sm
all satellites (inclusive of
microsat) have long been realized for
Malaysia
�Initiated satellite program for EOS on m
icro-sat collab
oration w
ith
SSTL, launch
ed Tiungsatin Sep
t 2000
�Customized
mission to address national application needs; eg
Razak
satin N
eQoorbit
�Initiated national satellite programme(yet to be im
plemen
ted)
�Complimen
t of the operational satellite programmes
Faculty of Geoinform
ationScience and Engineering
UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai
http://www.fksg.utm
.my
Op
po
rtu
nit
ies
Op
po
rtu
nit
ies
Customized m
ission to specific applications, prioritized to
needs
�See 2004-2006 users needs (next slid
e)
Mission analysis (inclcost benefit analysis)
�Comprehensive inputs for users requirement
�Most critical requirement (design, economy)
Untapped intangibles from RS applications
GLC to ‘reduce gap’between agencies and industries to
expedite operational applications
Faculty of Geoinform
ationScience and Engineering
UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai
http://www.fksg.utm
.my
Rem
ote sensing applications in M
alaysia (2004-2006)
Faculty of Geoinform
ationScience and Engineering
UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai
http://www.fksg.utm
.my
Faculty of Geoinform
ationScience and Engineering
UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai
http://www.fksg.utm
.my
Faculty of Geoinform
ationScience and Engineering
UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai
http://www.fksg.utm
.my
Op
po
rtu
nit
ies
Op
po
rtu
nit
ies
Full extraction of inform
ation from
RS data -both tangible and
intangible inform
ation:
1)
Tangibles-Understanding remote
sensing as tool and not as
technology,
2)
Intangibles(majority of RS
applications) -extraction requires
the understanding of interaction of
EMR on the selected
targets/applications and the
technology.
target
incoming
backscatter
incoming
reflectance
target
emissions
Faculty of Geoinform
ationScience and Engineering
UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai
http://www.fksg.utm
.my
Applications
Tangibles
In tangibles
1.
Agriculture
1.
Land coverLand use
2.
Crop type mapping
1.
Precision Farm
ing
2.
Crop monitoring and
damage assessment
3.
Remote Sensing of
vegetation change
4.
Biomass mapping
5.
VegetationIndicies
6.
Forest Canopy Density
2.
Forestry
1.
Forest land use
2.
Clear-cut mapping and
deforestation
3.
Forest type mapping
1.
Species identification
2.
Burnt mapping
3.
Forest ecology change
detection
4.
Forest biomass
5.
Rehabilitation
3.
Urban
1.
Urban image maps
2.
Fine scale Land use/cover
3.
Residential
4.
Commercial & Services Land
use
5.
Industrial land use
6.
Transportation infrastructure
7.
Communication & Utilities
8.
Disaster emergency response
…./continue
RS
Ap
pli
cati
on
s i
n M
ala
ysia
R
S A
pp
licati
on
s i
n M
ala
ysia
––Tan
gib
les
Tan
gib
les
an
d U
nta
pp
ed
In
tan
gib
les
an
d U
nta
pp
ed
In
tan
gib
les
Faculty of Geoinform
ationScience and Engineering
UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai
http://www.fksg.utm
.my
Applications
Tangibles
In tangibles
4.
Marine &
Oceanography
1.
Visible coastal
features:
Shoreline
Coastal vegetation
1.
Coastal and ocean features
(digital)
2.
Ocean colour& phytoplankton
3.
Water quality & suspended
sediment concentration (SSC)
4.
Shallow bathymetry
5.
Sea surface temperature (SST)
6.
Satellite oceanography –
derivation of selected physical
Ocean parameters such as wave,
current, etc
5.
Soils, mineral,
geomorphology
1.
Soil characteristics
and taxonomy
(limited to few
parameters in non-
vegetated land)
2.
Visual analysis of
rocks and mineral
(non-vegetated in
temperate)
3.
Interpretative geology
and geomorphology
1.
Soil characteristics and
taxonomy
2.
Soil properties (emissivity,
moisture, acidity, particles, etc.)
3.
Rock and minerals analysis
using digital image analysis
4.
Geology and geomorphology
5.
Land slides risk mapping. etc
…./continue
Faculty of Geoinform
ationScience and Engineering
UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai
http://www.fksg.utm
.my
Applications
Tangibles
In tangibles
7.
Hydrology
1.
Delineation of flooded areas
2.
Landslides areas
3.
Surface water
1.
Flood susceptibility
studies
2.
Soil moisture
3.
Water yield (derived with
evaporation, and known
corresponding
precipitation and ground
water) for water resource
management
4.
Landslide risks
8.
Terrain
Mapping &
DEM
1.
Planimetric
base-mapping
2.
Ortho-rectified image map
3.
DEM generation
4.
Laser mapping
1.
DEM generation using
SAR data (radargrammetry,
Interferometry)
2.
Laser signatures for terrain
features
9.
Environment
1.
Haze detection & monitoring
2.
Natural disaster management
3.
SI mapping
4.
Aerosols and clouds
(Visible?)
5.
Oil spill detection &
monitoring
6.
Forest fire, hot spots
1.
Ecology studies due
landscape development
2.
Risk assessments
3.
TSP mappings
4.
Atm
ospheric chemistry
Faculty of Geoinform
ationScience and Engineering
UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai
http://www.fksg.utm
.my
Sele
cte
d B
iop
hysic
al V
aria
ble
s f
or O
perati
on
al
Sele
cte
d B
iop
hysic
al V
aria
ble
s f
or O
perati
on
al
Ap
plicati
on
sA
pp
licati
on
s
Evapotranspiration
7.
Soil moisture
6.
Surface roughness
5.
Surface temperature
4.
Vegetation
-Chlorophyll concentration
-Biomass (green and dead)
-Foliar water content
-APAR (absorbed photosynthetically
active radiation)
-Foliar selected content
3.
Topographic / bathymetric
2.
X,Y, Z (selective) geographic location
1.
BIOPHYSICAL VARIABLES
…/continue
Faculty of Geoinform
ationScience and Engineering
UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai
http://www.fksg.utm
.my
Co
nt
Co
nt’’ d
/ S
ele
cte
d B
iop
hysic
al V
aria
ble
s f
or O
perati
on
al
d/
Sele
cte
d B
iop
hysic
al V
aria
ble
s f
or O
perati
on
al
Ap
plicati
on
sA
pp
licati
on
s
Snow and sea ice
-extent and characteristics
11
Ocean
-colour, phytoplankton, biochemistry, sea surface height, current
10
BRDF (bidirectional reflectance distribution function)
9
Upper atmosphere
-Chemistry
-Temperature
-Wind speed & direction
-Energy inputs
8
BIOPHYSICAL VARIABLES
Faculty of Geoinform
ationScience and Engineering
UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai
http://www.fksg.utm
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Mo
st
crit
ical
req
uir
em
en
tsM
ost
crit
ical
req
uir
em
en
ts
Altitude, w
eight, power, co
mponen
t selection, design of
spac
e an
d ground system
, number of satellites, number
of ground stations, communications arch
itecture.
Survivab
ility
7.
Red
undan
cy, weight, power and propulsion budgets ,
componen
t selection
On-O
rbit lifetim
e6.
Pay
load
size an
d power, altitude
Transm
it Power
5.
attitude co
ntrol, orbital attitude knowledge, m
echan
ical
alignmen
ts, pay
load
precision, proce
ssing
Map
ping acc
uracy
4.
Pay
load
size, complexity, proce
ssing and thermal control,
altitude
Sen
sitivity
3.
Instrumen
t size, altitude, attitude co
ntrol
Resolution
2.
Numbers of satellites, inclinations, communication
Coverag
e / response
time
1.
What it affects
Req
uirem
ents
Faculty of Geoinform
ationScience and Engineering
UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai
http://www.fksg.utm
.my
Key R
eq
uir
em
en
ts o
f U
sers
Key R
eq
uir
em
en
ts o
f U
sers
Optimum for co
ntinuity
Survivab
ility
7.
Optimum for co
ntinuity
On-O
rbit lifetim
e6.
-Transm
it Power
5.
Operational req
uirem
ents
Map
ping accuracy
4.
High sen
sitivity and accuracy
Sen
sitivity
3.
High to low (large variation)
Resolution
2.
Near to real-time
Coverag
e / response
time
1.
Ideal needs
Req
uirem
ents
Faculty of Geoinform
ationScience and Engineering
UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai
http://www.fksg.utm
.my
Prio
rit
ize A
pp
licati
on
sP
rio
rit
ize A
pp
licati
on
s
1.
Natural Disaster Management
Rain-related disasters (flood,
landslides
Forest fires / smog from forest fires
and open burnings
2.
Environmental assessments /
monitoring of ESA
3.
Resource m
apping / m
onitoring
Illegal logging
Illegal forest exploration
Forest mapping
Application requirements
High-repeatability
High-resolution
Operational all weather
System requirements
Special constellation to
allow repeatability
Fine resolution
Active system
System ?
viable ?
Faculty of Geoinform
ationScience and Engineering
UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai
http://www.fksg.utm
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Prio
rit
ize A
pp
licati
on
sP
rio
rit
ize A
pp
licati
on
s
Comprehensive application
priorities vsapplication
requirements and system
requirements is needed,
Considering Economic and
political factors
Considering regional
benefits
Priotize
applica
tions
Appl
require
System
require
Faculty of Geoinform
ationScience and Engineering
UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai
http://www.fksg.utm
.my
LIM
IT
ATIO
NS
LIM
IT
ATIO
NS
Lack of “Comprehensive national policy”on
both satellite and remote sensing applications
�Yet to be ratified of “UN-led space laws and
policies”to cover both on the technology and
applications,
�Less coordinated interaction of related players and
industry -Satellite and Sensor Technology; Remote
Sensing Applications; and Private industry,
�Non-involvement of users into appropriate stages
of satellite development to ensure relevancy of
system –mission analysis, AO, calibration and
validation of products
Faculty of Geoinform
ationScience and Engineering
UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai
http://www.fksg.utm
.my
LIM
IT
ATIO
NS
LIM
IT
ATIO
NS
Operational remote sensing applications have
been restricted due to various factors, including:
1.lack of remote sensing expertise in various
organizations which reduce aspects related to
operational remote sensing –
only tangible
inform
ation, leaving large intangible inform
ation yet
to be extracted,
2.lack of timely data for operational use, and
3.lack of national standards and procedures for
extraction of inform
ation and its relia
bility.
Faculty of Geoinform
ationScience and Engineering
UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai
http://www.fksg.utm
.my
FU
TU
RE O
UT
LO
OK
FU
TU
RE O
UT
LO
OK
1.More active Industry Participations:
�space applications including services for extracting of
inform
ation for various applications will be shared
equally by both government and private agencies
�Based on m
arket trends in regional market
�In fact, value added products are continuously
generated by the private sector to ensure
marketability and w
ider usage by the user community.
Faculty of Geoinform
ationScience and Engineering
UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai
http://www.fksg.utm
.my
FU
TU
RE O
UT
LO
OK
FU
TU
RE O
UT
LO
OK
�More active outsourcing of sim
ilar projects from
government agencies to private sector, due to better
linkage between both government and private sector –
GLC could assist reduce this G
AP !
�encourage development of remote sensing technology
and its applications within the private sector.
�More than current role of the private sector in selling of
remote sensing system (hardware and software), system’s
maintenance services and satellite data reselle
rs.
Faculty of Geoinform
ationScience and Engineering
UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai
http://www.fksg.utm
.my
FU
TU
RE O
UT
LO
OK
FU
TU
RE O
UT
LO
OK
2.
Estab
lishmen
t of Policy
/
“Comprehen
sive Policy
”is yet to be RATIFIE
D for
operationalizationof rem
ote sen
sing technology and its
applications at various levels in governmen
t ag
encies and
private sector
�governmen
t,
�co
mmercial-private sector effort,
�governmen
t-private sector co
operative effort, an
d
�international consortium.
Fav
ourable
policy
considering data acquisition for operational applications,
i.e. Spatial, spectral and tem
poral resolutions for various ap
plications in
addressing issues of im
portan
ce to decision m
akers. Involvem
entof
interactions of users and system
builders from m
ission analysis to post-
launch
activities.
Faculty of Geoinform
ationScience and Engineering
UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai
http://www.fksg.utm
.my
FU
TU
RE O
UT
LO
OK
FU
TU
RE O
UT
LO
OK
3.Establishment of standards / procedures for data
inform
ation extraction for various remote sensing
applications so that their reliability, uniform
ity and
integrity can be known and hence can be used as
expert opinion in accordance with United Nations
Remote Sensing Principles (Principle I to XV) and
other related space principles and treaties.
�Comprehensive user requirement for various applications.
�Central agency to verify, compile and disseminate
standards/procedures (e.g. through a special committee).
Faculty of Geoinform
ationScience and Engineering
UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai
http://www.fksg.utm
.my
FU
TU
RE O
UT
LO
OK
FU
TU
RE O
UT
LO
OK
4.
Continuous remote sensing programmes/projects at
federal, state and local government to assist decision
making in natural resource m
anagement, environmental
protection & conservation m
anagement and national
strategic planning.
�Identify and implement relevant programmesto cater
national needs.
�Identify user/mission long-term
requirements.
�suitable sensor systems.
�series of national satellite programmes.
�research opportunity programmes.
Faculty of Geoinform
ationScience and Engineering
UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai
http://www.fksg.utm
.my
FU
TU
RE O
UT
LO
OK
FU
TU
RE O
UT
LO
OK
5.
Real-time or near real-time data transmission
infrastructure to users so that timely data can be received
by users to assist in decision m
aking for operational
needs. Comprehensive requirement analysis for receiving
timely data should be established for each user agencies.
�Assessment of existing infrastructure to transmit data from
receiving station to users.
�Identify agency that will implement the m
echanism to
develop suitable infrastructure (e.g. fibre
optics, VSAT,
etc.).
�Build
the necessary infrastructure.
�Decentraliseddata acquisition ?
Faculty of Geoinform
ationScience and Engineering
UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai
http://www.fksg.utm
.my
Fu
ture O
utl
oo
kFu
ture O
utl
oo
k
6.Airborne remote sensing programmesshould be
strengthened to complement satellite
programmes. Tim
ely data for localize sites can
best be acquired by airborne m
issions.
�Identify user requirements.
�Identify suitable airborne sensor systems.
�Airborne remote sensing system as part of calib
ration/valid
ationof
satellite image products
Faculty of Geoinform
ationScience and Engineering
UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai
http://www.fksg.utm
.my
Fu
ture O
utl
oo
kFu
ture O
utl
oo
k
7.
Involvement of users in development of Data Capture
�Mission analysis
�Algorithm development and oversight of the instrument calibration
and the processing
interactions between users and instrument builders
needed from early stage to enable:
�input to engineering team during the design and build
of the
instrument;
�users understanding of instrument capabilities for developing
algorithm and to assist data quality of the resultant products are
optimized;
�Access to the documentation of the instrument characterization
and calibration and the instrument perform
ance throughout the
building stages
Faculty of Geoinform
ationScience and Engineering
UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai
http://www.fksg.utm
.my
Development of Segment, subsystem of RS satellite of
Development of Segment, subsystem of RS satellite of
interest to R&D&C User Community
interest to R&D&C User Community
Mission of
Program
Launch
service
spacecraft
Ground
Operations
structure
Therm
al
control
TT&C
Payload
Attitude
control
Power
system
Computer
systems
IRPS
Faculty of Geoinform
ationScience and Engineering
UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai
http://www.fksg.utm
.my
Development stages
User
optimize
Mission Analysis
Building of Sensor
•Engineering model
•Flight model
IRPS
•Product generations
•Validation of products
•Dissemination of data products
Downstream Applications
•Business entities
•(turnkey & operational)
Input to m
issions
Prioritized program
Insight of instru
for designing
algor
Refined design as
mission requirement
Refine of algorfor
any instrand
prod variations
Continuous inforon
instr
perform
ance
and product
validations
Applied research
on operational
applications and
development of
new applications
Input for instr
worthiness, future
missions, etc
Faculty of Geoinform
ationScience and Engineering
UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai
http://www.fksg.utm
.my
SU
MM
AR
YS
UM
MA
RY
The current status of remote sensing technology
applications at selected relevant user agencies are
reported;
Some viewpoints on O
pportunities and lim
itations of
Remote Sensing Applications on Small satellite are given;
Future outlook as part of priority settings for the
advancement of remote sensing applications on small
satellites are also highlig
hted for R&D&C and users
communities;
It is hoped that this presentation w
ill provide some initial
inform
ation for further discussion.