smart dust slides

8/3/2019 Smart Dust Slides

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SMART DUST: A SMARTERWAY TO COMMUNICATE


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WHAT IS SMART DUST ? Device around the size of a grain of

sand. A self-contained, millimeter-scale

sensing and communicationplatform for a massively distributedsensor network.

Each wireless sensor node, or dustmote, contains one or moresensors, hardware for computationand communication, and a powersupply.

Motes -autonomous, programmable

Adapted from: http://www-

bsac.eecs.berkeley.edu/arc

hive/users/warneke-

brett/SmartDust/


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SMART DUST-Components AND

Operation Sensors

To Interface to the environment Light, Temperature, Vibration, Magnetic field, Acoustic

Power Survive for extended amount of time Thick-film battery, Solar cell with capacitor, or both

Computation

Process sensor data and Communicate using IC Communication

To glue the pieces of information Transmission: Optical-Passive and Active Reception: Photodiode


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SMART DUST-Structure

Conceptual Diagram

Adapted from: http://www-bsac.eecs.berkeley.edu/archive/users/warneke-brett/SmartDust/index.html


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COMMUNICATION Acoustic

RF radio

Optical

Passive

Active


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Acoustic Communication

High Background Noise

Fast Attenuation Curve

Low communication baud rate

Antenna size cant be reduced


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RF Communication Pros

Does not require line of sight

Not much affected by the environment Cons

Antenna size (has to be at least of thewavelength)

Complex circuitry (modulation/demodulation,band pass filters, etc.)

Energy consumption (approx. 100nJ/bit)


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OPTICAL Communication Types Passive Active

Pros Low energy consumption (


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RF vs. OPTICAL

RF radio frequency MHz hundreds of GHz 1mm 100s meters

wavelength

Omni directional Technologies:

Bluetooth Cell phones

RFID Optical

100THz 1PHz 0.3 - 1.6 wavelength Extremely Directional-peer to peer Lasers and LEDs


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PASSIVE REFLECTIVE SYSTEMS

Dust mote does not require anonboard light source.

Passive reflective device, called

Corner Cube Reflector, caneither reflect or not reflect lightto a remote source.

CCR consists of three mutuallyorthogonal mirrors.

Light enters the CCR, bouncesoff each of the three mirrors, andis reflected back parallel to thedirection it entered.

Adapted from: http://www-

bsac.eecs.berkeley.edu/archive/users/

warneke-brett/SmartDust/


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0-1 TRANSITION

One mirror mounted on a spring atan angle slightly askew fromperpendicularity to the other mirrors.

In this position, because the lightentering the CCR does not returnalong the same entry path, little lightreturns to the sourceDIGITAL 0.

Applying voltage between this mirrorand an electrode beneath it causesthe mirror to shift to a positionperpendicular to other mirrors,causing the light entering the CCR to

return to its sourceDIGITAL 1.

Adapted from:

http://www-

bsac.eecs.berkeley.e

du/archive/users/war

neke-

brett/SmartDust/


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1-0 TRANSITION

Practically free

Dumping the charge storedon the electrode to the

ground requires almost noenergy.

Adapted from: http://www-bsac.eecs.berkeley.edu/archive/users/warneke-brett/SmartDust/


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PASSIVE REFLECTIVE SYSTEMS -

Limitations

Unable to communicate with each other, motes relyon a central station equipped with a light source

Mote may be isolated from the network

Systems range cannot easily extend beyond 1kilometer


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ACTIVE-STEERED LASER

SYSTEMS

Dust motes active; they have theirown onboard light source

For mote-to-mote communicationsystem, onboard light source sendstightly collimated light beam towardintended receiver.

The steered agile laser transmitter

(SALT) consists of a semiconductordiode laser coupled with acollimating lens and a steeringmirror.

Adapted from:

http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~p

ister/SmartDust/


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ACTIVE-STEERED LASER

SYSTEMS-Advantages

Direct communication with othermotes possible

Long distance communication

High power density

Minimization of motes duty cycle

Better utilization of its energyreserves Adapted from: http://www-

bsac.eecs.berkeley.edu/archive/users/warneke-brett/SmartDust/

SALT-structure


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APPLICATIONS

Military

Environmental

Energy conservation Medical applications

Structure maintenance

Security and safety

Inventory Control Technology: Virtual keyboard

Adapted from: http://www- bsac.eecs.berkeley.e d u/ ~ pister/SmartDust


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What we have today

Different markets Airborne systems Marine Land vehicles Environment

Mote price ~100$

Kit price (8-12 motes) ~ 2000$

Building management

Industrial monitoring Security

Adapted from:

http://www.xbow.com/

http://www.dust-inc.com/
http://www.dust-inc.com/http://www.dust-inc.com/


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Would like to have

Privacy issues

Miniaturization: Possible nanoscale motes

More useful to people in developing countries: enablesmaller and cheaper motes

Safety and security benefits

Incorporate the concept of smart dust societiesintegration of different types of smart dust


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REFERENCES

[1] B. Warneke, M. Last, B. Liebowitz, and K. S. J. Pister, SmartDust: Communicating with a cubic-millimeter computer, Computer,vol. 34, pp. 4451, 2001.

[2] Brett Warneke, Smart dust, Berkeley User Archive, April 30,

2004. [Online].Available:http://wwwbsac.eecs.berkeley.edu/archive/users/warneke-brett/SmartDust/ index.html

[3] P. B. Chu et al., Optical communication using micro corner cubereflectors, Proc. IEEE MEMS Workshop, Nagoya, Japan, Jan.1997, pp. 350355.

[4] Ben W. Cook, S. Lanzisera, and K. S. J. Pister, SoC Issues forRF Smart Dust, Proc. IEEE, vol. 94, no. 6, pp. 1177-1196, June2006.

[5] J. M. Kahn , R. H. Katz , K. S. J. Pister, Emerging challenges:mobile networking for Smart Dust, Proc. IEEE, pp. 271-278,

August 1999.


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THANK YOU

QUERIES???

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