Presented by-PARDEEP DAHIYA

13001504023M.TECH. MECHANICAL 1

Mater ia l that can change one or more o f i t s propert ies in response to an externa l s t imu lus .

For examp le , the shape o f the mater ia l w i l l change in response to d i f fe rent temperature or app l i cat ion o f e lect r i ca l charge or p resence o f magnet i c f ie ld .

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In a 'nutshe l l ' smart mater ia l s can change the i r s tate, and there fo re the i r p ropert ie s , in response to an externa l st imu lus .

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Most o f smar t mater i a l s ha ve been d i s co ve red a round 50 yea r s ago , but they were not exp lo i ted to get the bene f i t s wh i ch they pos ses s .

There i s now a huge var ie ty o f smart mater i a l s w i th d i f fe rent spec ia l p ropert ie s that make a part i cu la r mater i a l we l l su i ted to a part i cu la r spec i f i c use .

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PIEZEOELECTRIC MATERIALSSHAPE MEMORY ALLOYMAGNETOSTERICTIVE MATERIALSPH-SENSITIVE POLYMERSHALOCHROMIC MATERIALSPHOTO MECHANICAL MATERIALSSELF-HEALING MARETIALS

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Pizeoe lect r i c mater i a l s a re ab le to convert mechan ica l energy into e lect r i c energy and v i ce versa .

Some popu la r ly known p iezoe lect r i c mater ia l s a re :- Quartz; Alumin ium Nit r ide ; Bar iunm T i tanate; Ga l l i um Phosphate; Lead Zi rconate .

6Piezoelectric Generator.MP4

A shape-memory a l l oy (SMA,) i s an a l l oy that " remembers" i t s o r ig ina l shape and that when de fo rmed returns to i t s pre-de fo rmed shape when heated.

Super e last i c behav io r in h igh temperature.

Good temperature sensor .

7Shape Memory Alloy.MP4

These mater i a l s exh ib i t change in shape under the in f luence o f magnet i c f ie ld and a l so exh ib i t change in the i r magnet izat ion under the in f luence o f mechan ica l s t ress .

Examp les : Coba l t ; Ter feno l-D 8

pH-sens i t i ve po lymers are mater ia l s that change in vo lume when the pH o f the sur round ing med ium changes.

There are two k inds o f pH sens i t i ve mater i a l s :

ac id i c g roup (-COOH, -SO 3H). Ex: Po lyacry l i c ac id

bas i c g roups (-NH 2). Ex: Ch i to san

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These mater i a l s a re common ly used mater ia l s that changes the i r co lour as a resu l t o f chang ing pH or say ac id i ty .

Ha lochrom ic substances may be used as ind icato rs to determ ine the pH o f so lut i ons o f unknown pH

Examp le :- cor ros i on in the meta l

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These mater i a l s change the i r shape when tyey are exposed to l ight .

The photomechan ica l e f fect was f i r s t documented by ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL in 1880. 11

Some mater i a l s have ab i l i ty to hea l a f te r be ing wounded.

Se l f-hea l ing mater i a l s have the natura l ab i l i ty to repa i r damage due to abnorma l usage and so increase the mater i a l ' s use fu l l i f e t ime.

Examp le :- po lymers, ceram ics12Terminator polymer Scientists create self healing plastic.MP4

SMART MATERIALS IN AEROSPACE

SMART MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

MECHATRONICS

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Repeated abso rpt ion o f l a rge amount s o f s t r a in energy under load ing w i thout permanent de fo rmat ion.

Usab le s t ra in range o f 70%.Ext rao rd ina ry fa t i gue res i s t ance under l a rge s t ra in cyc le s .

The i r g reat du rab i l i ty and re l i ab i l i ty in the l ong run. 14

An a i rc ra f t const ructed f rom a sensua l s t ructure has an advantage o f se l f-check ing i t s per fo rmance to a greater le ve l than that o f cur rent data record ing, and prov ide ground crews w i th improved hea l th and usage mon i to r ing.

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Inc lude sensua l s t ructu res conta in ing opt i ca l f i b re senso r s f o r mon i to r ing load h i s to ry and damage accumu la t i on in b r idges , dams and a i r c r a f t and adapt i ve s t ructu res conta in ing nove l p iezoceram ic , e lect ro s t r i c t i ve , magnetos t r i c t i ve and shape memory actuato r s , fo r rea l t ime v ib r at i on and shape cont ro l .

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The deve lopment o f t rue smar t mater i a l s a t the atom ic sca le i s s t i l l s ome way o f f , a l though the enab l i ng techno l og ies a re under deve lopment .

These requ i re nove l aspect s o f nanotechno logy (techno log ies as soc i a ted w i th mater i a l s and p roces ses at the nanomet re sca le , 10 - 9m) and the new ly deve l op ing sc ience o f shape chem i s t ry.

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Wor ldw ide , cons ide rab le e f f o r t i s be ing dep loyed to deve lop smar t mate r i a l s and st ructu res .

The techno log i ca l bene f i t s o f such systems have begun to be ident i f i ed and, demonst ra to r s a re under const ruct ion fo r a w ide range o f app l i ca t i ons f rom space and aerospace, to c i v i l eng ineer ing and domest i c p roducts . In many o f these app l i c a t i ons , the cost bene f i t ana lyses o f such systems have yet to be fu l ly demonst r ated

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Kumar Dr . Rakesh and Kumar Dr . Ram: ICI journa l ; pp . 15-18; Apr i l- June 2005.

http://dbt ind i a .n i c . i nSource : Abst racted f rom Mater i a l s Wor ld ,

vo l . 4, pp. 16-18, 1996 “Smart mate r i a l s : the emerg ing techno logy”.

http://ampt i a l . a l i on sc ience.com/products and ser v i ce s/product .html

http://smart-mater i a l . com 19

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