solar mppt algo

7/27/2019 Solar MPPT Algo

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RFOR MAXIM

tract: A simpleposed for MPatic condition

er proposes ah battery bactricity in rurang to its simper also discusrage irradiancermine, how ochanges in svering powerkup. The rolckly, maximunterrupted poformance is aure in solarhout battery

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s, Lithium-io

INTRO

Solar power ig photovolta

rent using theatorial sun biant energy f

artment maiions, whichation of sunsather is expeual global raich is compar

sub-tropicalut 6,000 milli

solar energyagriculture

ventional enusts and distrid and systemcharge and dit of the solar tery controltrollers.

ar Power Sup-DC Voltagetery banks. U

ANCE EM POW

D.V.N.

and cost effecT from the phs (Irradiance

n energy systekup as a sml areas. The plicity, ease of ses about the

cases are pretput power an

olar irradiancto both ACof MPPT al

m utilizationer supply whe

alyzed with aower how thbackup were

photovoltaic,point tracking,battery.

DUCTION:

s the conversic (PV), whic photoelectriclt of the eartom the sun [

tains a natioeasure solar

ine [5]. In moienced 250 tiation varies

able with radiegions. The

on GWh of en

s available aand low

rgy is scare butes the pow

equipment, escharge of the power systeof the solar

ly System is-stabilization.sing MPPT fu

ALUATER TRA

ANANTH,

ive control tecotovoltaic arra/m 2 of the ph

m combing soll-scale alternoposed systemcontrol andin detail resuented and anald other quantie. In this, thand DC load

gorithm is toof solar po

n solar powerd without MPe system resp

evaluated us

buck-boost dsolar irradian

on of sunlightconverts lig

effect. India i; thereby rece3].The India

nwide networadiation, andst parts of In

300 days afrom 1600 toation receivedquivalent ene

ergy per year [

undant in nat power applis. Solar PVer to ensure t pecially the battery. Contr s. The efficie power syste

ontrolled byIt is not b

nction the sys

ON OFKING A

ITAM Colle

nique has beeunder varyin

tovoltaic). Thi

ar photovoltaitive source ois an attractiveliability. Thts for low anyzed in order ties are affectee solar cell is with battercharge batterwer and alsails. The systeT algorithm,

onds with aning MATLA

-dc convertece, AC and D

into electricitht into electri

located in thiving abundaMeteorologica

k of radiatioalso the dail

ia, clear sunnyear [4]. Th

2200 kWh/m 2

in the tropicargy potential i2,3].

re, be utilizeations wher

power systee safety of thanagement oller is the cor cy, reliabilits are up t

sing MPPT found with thtem can freel

OLAR PLGORIT

e of Engine

s

cf ee

s

f

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e,ls

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ef e,

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r e

searchoutput

temper intelligused wiPWMeasier,former float c

banks.convertcapacitfluctuator 12k

In thissource

back-upload an

power used to

2.

The PV34KWseriesRL (seThe bat

power adoptedconvert

photovarray, awhichdesignein the fi

Fig 1: Bl and DC

In anysolar c

OTOVM WIT

ering, Visakh

he max powevoltages and

ture compensnt selection oth appropriatontrol to opt

and has abouhas 60-80%arge and teThe electricaled into storagr system (

ions [6-9]. Sebattery back

paper a PVof power to th

energy sour d DC motor.oint trackingextract maxi

PROPOSE

module withs designed toL load of 10sitive) load otery bank is Lackup whenin this pap

er which funcltaic (PV) celnd converts tis more suitd to drive. Thgure 1.

ck diagram reoads

pplications warge controll

LTAICBATT

apatnam, In

r point of solaconduct bul

ation to the bf energies so proportion i

imize the po95% operati

efficiency, an perature com

energy delive energy usinCS) which

veral batteriesup systems.

array generatie DC load whce. The DC lA simple and(MPPT) contr um power fro

SYSTEM

280Vdc undesupply constaW and 100Va

f 16KW and 8ithium-Ion of solar cell failer is a highions as an optl, most comme power to a

ble to whateblock diagra

resentation of

ith PV moduleer is used to

YSTEMRY BAC

ia

r array. It cank & float c

ttery banks. Ihat the batter due time. C

er utilization,onal efficiencd cant cond pensation toered by the battery bank meets thecan be stacke

ng system isile the batteryoad encompascost effectivel with dc-dc c

the PV arra

normal condt AC and DC

r at 220Vdc,00Var at 400150V 8000ms. The MPPT

efficiencyimal electricalonly for a solvoltage or c

ver load theof the syste

PV-battery syst

is energy soucorrect for de

SINGKUP

set up theharge and

can makeenergy ismpared toMPPT is

, whereasct bulk &he batteryV is easyor energyaily load

d for 6kW

the major is used as

ses of RLmaximumonverter is.

itions withloads, DCC parallel ph-ph ac.h, used asalgorithm

C to DCload for a

ar panel or rrent levelsystem is

is shown

em with AC

rce, MPPTtecting the

978-1-4673-1935-5/12/$31.00 2012 IEEE


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Fig

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VoThex

Id=WQAK

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Pin

W

Pmp

iations in theshown by Pdiode allow

rce to load.vide smoothrovided to opcase if there

PV cell issists of a bat

tery from beinull charge. Aer is still avai

ar cell wither technolo

erally severald-state physica p-n diodeface. The celctricity. Numerate requirepv instal- Msolar power PV module

se to maximuer.

2. Equivalent

e and ground

open circuiten by the equ

=V+I R shdiode curren

ression:

ID 1 ere I d = the saelectron char curve- ttingBoltzmann c

temperatureload current

L-ID

V in vo

VI= V 0 = V

ere P pv= in

pt= I2R= 2

current-voltag-V and I-V cu

only unidireThe inductor irect current,erate the systis no load or sed to chargeery charger;

g charged whdump loadlable after full

MPPT algorigy uses se

square centis point of vieith the junctio

converts therous cells ar power. Unli

PT solar char systems need

; it forces PV power poin

electrical circu

eakage current

oltage of thetion

-----(1) is given by t

in amps -----(turation currege = 1.6 10 constantonstant = 1.38

n absolute scs therefore gi

- in am

lts

P pv in watts

watts

= P pv2R in w

e characteristive (Fig 3a &tional currentnear the sou

IGBT with dem as per thelesser load, tthe battery.

iode which is

n the charger ay be requirey charging the

thm: The phiconductor eters in size, the cell is b

n positionedsunlight intoassembled i

e the dynamige controller i

to extract mmodule to opto draw maxi

it of pv modu

s.

equivalent pv

e classical dio

)t of the diode

19 Coulombs

1023 Joule

le K en by the exp

s ----(3)

-----(4)

-----(5)

-----(6)

atts --(7)

cs of solar cel b).flow from P

rce is used tired gate pulsequirement. Ihe total powehe batter banto prevent th

is opened afted, if excessivbattery.

tovoltaic (PVells (wafers)[1]. From th

asically a larglose to the todirect currena module t

wind turbins necessary foximum powerate at voltagmum availabl

e, showing th

odule is

de current

K

ession:

l

e

r

e

r e

),ee

to,r r ee

Pmppt iand Ppdependexpressas the i(Ppv asame d The phPV cell

=

Obviou power

MPPTwith a

battery

Traditioas a whinverter differenthis ar

below t

NormalvoltageVoltagePower:

Solar Pvoltage.chargin

The pooutput P/ PsAs a resolar illefficien

power i

3.

The phdiodeWhen

photonmateria

junctio potentiand cir cell is tabout 1cell are

s output powv gives outp

on outpution qAkTanrradiance chad Pmpp) presty cycle valu

oto conversiois de ned as t

sly, the highee get under a

olar charge chigher volta

system.

nal Solar Invole. In such s, flows thougt panels havehitecture me

heir MPPT, re

Solar Char is a little high: Uch=280V,Pch=34*KW.

anel working. Battery Chg and 8000m

er solar cell (Pb)=12.07kW= Ps Pbult of differeumination intcy of solar chncrease rate is

SIMULATI

sical of PV cith a pn juncthe junctionis transferred

l, creating ch. The chargel gradient, gulate as curree basic buildiW of power.connected in

r (watts) outpt power fro

current (I) anideality factoges, it can beent the sames.

efficiency ohe following [

h*100%

r the efficiencgiven illumin

ntroller allowge output th

rters performstems the sam

all panels idifferent IV cns some pa

sulting in the l

ge Controller er than batteryCharge Curre

voltage is aarge VoltageH.

Ps) is more thunder normal/ Ps 64.5%t manufactureensity, differerge controller 64.5%.

ON ANALYS

ll is very simiion formed by bsorbs light,

to the electr rge carriers tcarriers in thet acceleratedt through an

ng of the PVTo obtain higseries and pa

t from MPPsolar cell

d duty cyclemost likely i

seen that botmaximum poi

r effective po1]:

---(8)

y, the higher tion.

s users to usen operating

MPPT for ane current, dict

the string. Brves, i.e. diff els will be

oss of energy.

: Solar Panevoltage. If Sot Ich= 60A, t

uch higher t: Ub=150V

n power of baconditions.

of solar panelnt temperatur and so on. T

IS:

lar to that of tsemiconductthe energy o

on-proton sysat are separ junction regiunder the elexternal circuitower system

h power, numrallel circuits

algorithmand which

(D). Thes a change

functionsnts for the

wer of the

the output

V modulevoltage of

ntire arrayated by theut becauserent MPPserforming

l workinglar Chargeen Charge

an batterywith 50%

ttery

s, different, differente effective

e classicalr material.

f absorbedem of theated at then create a

ctric field,. The solar t produceserous suchon a panel


3/8

(mmocoThrepvs.V)dif

Figirr

Fig irr ThwitMFigof supres

phcaalr thedisasSol2.513.incsoltheusiout

Fig var

dule), The sdules electr bination toelectrical ch

resented by t power (P-V)

characteristierent solar ill

a: Shows P-V diation

3b: Shows I-V diation

variation inh time variaTLAB. The

.4, is stronglysolar irradia

plied to theonse of thtovoltaic systbe troubles

ady schedulecase of unpr ribution netwescribed in [1

ar irradiation3] and magni

75] is shownreasing and dar rays inten

solar cell oug MPPT al

put voltage an

4: Shows solar ing solar irrad

lar array or cally conneenerate the r racteristics of e current vs.curves. Figs.s of the usmination inte

haracteristics

characteristics

electric poweion in solar

power producdependent once lead to f distribution

e system, aems connecteme for the

the load for edictable variorks predictio5].aries with ti

ude as [13.75in figure 4.creasing canity from mor tput also chaorithm and cd/ or power ne

output power,iation consider

anel is a grocted inequired currethe PV moduloltage (I-V)

nd show theed photovoltsities.

f solar cell with

of solar cell wit

and voltageirradiance is

ed by the syssolar irradianuctuations of network. Thesuming highto the distrib

roducer of ethe time of ptions of pow

algorithms

e in seconds a27.5 41.25 55.he variation

be considereding to eveninges accordingapacitor at loarly constant.

urrent and volt d in this paper

p of a severaseries-paralle

t and voltage are generallnd the curre(I- V) and (Pic module a

constant

constant

from solar celstudied usin

tem, shown ie. Fluctuationactive poweunpredictabldensities o

ution networ ergy that haak demand. Ir quantities iust be utilize

s [0 0.5 1 1.500 41.25 27.5in the form oas disparity og. Due to thily, but we ar ad, makes th

age with

ll.

t-t

lg

sr ef ,s

d

20f f ,ee

With thcurrentfigure4.The pr implemvoltagereferentechniq

predete

currentobtain

Fig5a: c

Fig5b:

The PV34Kw iload o(sensitienergy

pollutiocurrent,Fig 4. Iincreasiafter mconstruFig 6.In thisabove

with coptimizusingwill imextracti(watts)

e changes in(middle) and

oposed MPPent is as shooutput from Pe saw toothe proposedmined relatio

and the openPPT at any o

ontrol algorith

PPT algorithm

module withs designed to

10Kw ande) load of 16is never conn and manythereby powenitially the song and decreintained cons

ction of the s

method, dc/dontrol metho

anges in soed to get maPPT algorith

prove the outon from solar to duty cycle (

he irradiationvoltage (bott

algorithmn in fig5b.

V cell. This vaveform voltin this w

nship between

circuit voltag perating condi

for the syste

proposed in th

280Vdc undesupply a cons100Var at 2w and 800V

stant in a dfactors. Therer is varying wlar irradiation

ased to sametant for remaistem using

converter is, where the

lar irradiatioimum efficie. Thus optim

ut power, thucell. The rela%) is in Fig 5

, the output pm) are as sh

is simple anhe multimeteltage is compge of 250V.rk makesthe operating

e/short circuittions.

under conside

paper

normal condant loads, D0Vdc, AC pr at 400Vph-py, varies witfore PV sour ith irradiationis 13.75kWh

value at 3 seing simulatioATLAB is a

controlled byuty cycle will

, so outputcy comparedal selection of s maximizingionship of ou.

wer (top),wn in the

d easy toreads the

ared with ahe MPPTse of avoltage or

current to

ration

itions withseries RL

arallel RLh ac. Solar h climate,e voltage,of sunlight/m2 and isonds thentime. Theshown in

using the be varied

power isto withoutduty cyclethe power

tput power


4/8

Fig

Fig Capthointsa

Fig to

c: duty cycle v

6: PV module

se 1a: In tlying MPPTugh the circurvals, due toe way, thereb

7: shows the cisparity in sola

s. output powe

ith battery bac

is case influalgorithm isit is increasithe fact that sy, the output p

rrent throughirradiation wi

of solar cell

kup for AC an

ence of the studied. Theg and decreaolar irradianceower is also v

he solar power,hout MPPT alg

DC load

ystem withourrent flowin

sing at regulais varying thrying.

variation is duorithm .

tgr e

Fig 8: calgorith In thissupply.diminutTherefoconstan

Fig 9a:algorit

The waon the16Kwvariatiowavefotaken at

Fig 9b: MPPT a The A400Vp

rrent and volt

the DC loadThe variatio

ive impact ore power tot.

current and m

veform for Aop and voltagase values

n in input.ms of Fig 9a3.9 seconds ti

oomed view olgorithm

load wave-ph at 50Hz s

ge near DC loa

is getting nein solar irr

both DC an both DC an

oltage at AC l

load was shoe (pu) on botthich are almThe zoomeat AC load

ll 8 cycles, is

current and vo

orm is maint pply.

d without MPP

arly 45A witadiation is h

AC loads ad AC loads

oad without

wn in Fig 9, com with 400ost constant,

current anithout MPPThown in Fig 9

ltage at AC loa

ained nearly

T

230V dcving veryin Fig 8.

are nearly

PPT

urrent (pu) ph-ph andeven withd voltagealgorithm

b.

without

onstant of


5/8

Fig Ththifroharap

Alutil

Fig alg

ThindM

slocur anan

Cothcir Fig

Fig Wichcur

10: Battery cu

Lithium-Ioncase, we di

battery var ing both positid charging an

o we can sayized, battery i

11: Battery SOrithm

output of bicates charginPT algorithm,

e) to supplyrent (middle)

vice-versa avoltage (bott

se 1b: In theer parametersuit power flo5.

12: current ou

th MPPT technged from 56rent extractio

rent without

battery currennot apply

ies from -90ive and negatid discharging.

that the solar also deliveri

C %, current a

attery is shog and dischar battery is als

constant powis decreasingter 2s and nem) is nearly c

system considwere as is tais constraine

put from solar

ique, the cur (Fig 7) to 2

from solar ce

PPT algorithm

t flow is shoPPT algorith

to 50A. Thve waveforms,

cell output isg supply.

d voltage with

n in Fig 11,ing rate, In thgetting disch

er to DC andas solar currearly constantonstant at 230

ered, the solar ken as in pred with MPPT

cell with MPP

ent through th0A (Fig 12).l has improve

n in Fig 10. I. The curren

e waveform iwhich implie

not effectivel

ut MPPT

% SOC (topis case withoarged (negativ

AC load. Tht is increasinurrent after 3dc.

irradiation anious case, b

algorithm as i

algorithm

e solar cell hahis shows tha

d 5times.

tss

)te

egs

t

st

Fig 13:conditio The solsamevoltageincreasicurrent

Fig 14:conditio The ouMPPTvoltage

solar ce

Fig 15:normal

The clvoltage

Fig 16:

olar cell outpuns with MPPT

ar irradiationay as is sho(volts) is i

ng. As load(amps) is decr

urrent and vol ns with MPPT

tput AC loadalgorithm is sand current fr

ll power.

oomed view oonditions with

se-up view oin pu. With M

urrent and vol

t power, currenlgorithm

is increasingn in the Figcreasing, outis a constan

easing in steps

tage near AC lolgorithm

current(top)own in Fig 1

om 1.05 to 1.1

current and vo MPPT algorith

f output ACPPT algorith

tage at DC load

and voltage u

insteps and r 13 with MPP put power (

power load,.

ad under norm

nd voltage i4. The small5 pu is due to

ltage near AC l m

loads currentis shown in

with MPPT al

der normal

educed the. So solar atts) alsotherefore

l

pu. Withincrease inincrease in

oad under

(top) andig 15.

orithm


6/8

Thalgvolin i

Fig alg In

Coin%SdisalgPV(sotoobtim

but0A

Fig 3.5

ThFigcir

pro

output DC lorithm is shotage (V) artenput supply.

17: Battery SOrithm

this paper, th

paring Fig 1former figure,OC reveals tcharging (negorithm, the bcell. This im

lar power) andeliver parterve that thee. The currenin Fig 11. t

mps axis.

18: voltage T seconds

voltage har 18. In this

uits to reduc posed scheme

oad current (n in Fig 16. I

constant, eve

C %, current a

e battery is

1 to Fig 17, twhereas inc

e fact aboutative slope) r ttery is charg

plies better utbattery as bar full power

battery chargiwaveform ise current is

D with MPPT

onics are lessscheme we de lower or hitself will red

op) and voltacan seen thatthough there

d voltage with

aving 50% c

e %SOC (topeasing in latharging (posite. So with ping with exceilization of nakup when thito the loads.g rate is also

also below 0oscillating ab

algorithm for

than 5% THDid not evenigher order hce the harmo

ge with MPPcurrent(A) anis discrepanc

PPT

harge initiall

) is decreasinr figures. Thive slope) anoposed MPPss power frotural resourcesolar cell failWe can als

changing witmps in Fig 1ve and belo

cycles taken

as is shown ised any filte

armonics. Thics naturally.

d

.

ged

sso

,

t

r e

Fig 19:3.5 seco The cuthan 5deliverischeme,

Case 2circuitsecondsloads fr as sho

Fig 20:to 4 sec

The PVthe DCflows t

Fig 21:

interrup The Dmade z

breaker place.load Fi

urrent THD wds

rent harmonicTHD as is

ng power as, both voltage

: In this case,reaker is use

. During thisom PV cell, thn in Fig 20.

urrent throug nds without ba

cell currentcircuit breakethe loads.

urrent and vol

tion between 3

load currenro, as solar cas in Fig 21he same curr 22.

ith MPPT algor

s taken fromshown in Fig per IEEE staand current ha

PV module ad which openime, as there ie current from

solar cell withttery backup

hich is aboutoperation, be

tage near DC lo

o 4 seconds wit

amps (top)ll output was. So a complnt and voltag

ithm for 3 cycle

3.5s till 3 cycl19 which is

ndards. In thrmonics are v

lone is delives the circuit f s no power suthe PV cell b

its interruption

00A becamecause of whic

ad with PV cell

hout battery ba

nd voltage (nterrupted byete load shede zero also ho

s taken at

es are lesssaid to be proposed

ry less.

ing load, aom 3 to 4

pply to thecame zero

between 3

ero due tono power

kup

olts) wereDC circuithas taken

lds for AC


7/8

Fig int AssoHe

Ca

Fig to

Thtowit

nechcur wit

Fig int Th

batocur

bethi

22: current anrruption betwe

there is norces DG setce complete l

se 2b: PV cell

23: current thr seconds with b

PV cell curr the DC circuih battery bac

rly 220A harging. After rent is diverteh MPPT algor

24: current anrruption betwe

DC currentkup when PVseconds was

rent from 44.ause the batttime interval.

voltage near n 3 to 4 secon

ackup power tc, there is noad shed has t

with battery b

ough solar cell attery backup

ent which is nt breaker opeup. In Fig 20,

s risen to 2delivering lod for batteryithm better ho

voltage near n 3 to 4 secon

and voltagecell was inte

shown in Fig6 to 44A andry is supplyi

C load with P s without batte

like batteryway we can

aken place.

ackup

with its interru

early 280A bation is as shthe PV cell o

80A is becaad requiredcharging. So,ds good.

C load with P s without batte

of the systerupted by DC4. There is vvoltage fromg power to t

cell y backup.

r other powedeliver powe

tion between 3

came zero duown in Fig 2tput current i

se of batter urrent, exces

battery backu

cell

y backup

with batter CB betweenry small dip i216 to 212

he load durin

r .

e3s

s

3

,g

Fig 25:interrup The A

backupto 4sec

per unitof PVload.

Fig 26: Zcell inte The zo

shown i

Fig 27:between

The Li3seconsolar ceaction,(negatiUnder

urrent and vol tion between 3

current anwhen PV cellnds was shovoltage were

cell is becaus

oomed view of rruption betwe

med picture

n Fig 25.

%SOC, Curren3 to 4 seconds

ion batterys, as solar celll failed to del

battery is delie slope) tillormal condit

tage near AC loo 4 seconds wit

voltage of was interruptn in Fig 25.almost consta

of battery p

current and volen 3 to 4 secon

f AC current

and Voltage o

s getting chal is deliveringiver load becaering load, ths, then again

ions, the exce

ad with PV cell h battery backu

he system wed by DC CBhe p.u. curren

nt even after iwer deliveri

tage near AC los without batt

and voltage fo

battery when

ged (positive power to the luse of the circereby gettingincreasing asss current fro

p

ith battery between 3t (top) andterruption

g required

ad with PVry backup

r Fig 24 is

V cell fails

slope) tillads, when

uit breaker dischargedin Fig 27.m PV cell


8/8

flo batWrev%S

4

Maisa r

batrelianThutilirr (fichV

Hoduuniref cothechallsyseffisys

5

[1]LL[2]Ene[3]

Ne[4][5]genchal[6]

Ne[7]Stat

Car [8]VR fail[9]FanAdaIEE201[10][11]froma

s to battery,tery power is

can observeersed (-ve toOC is decreas

C

ximum Poweetter way to eenewable enetery backup iable (fig 21where (fig 6)

output powized as an isdiation (inpu

13 & 16).rging can beand I harmo

wever, the bing a PV cellnterrupted baigerators, ligtinues to proday. When thrged to their f DC and AC ltem returnsciency, reliabtem.

M. R. Patel, "Wi, 1999.alogirou, S., Sol

rgy and CombustiDuffie J.A., Bec

York: Wiley; 19ttp//en.wikipedia.Shirish Garud, Feration in India alenges, The Ene

. M. Ehrlich, LYork: McGraw-

Giovanni Fiengo,e Of Charge

elo Speltino seA. Tenno, R. TeA batteries: more detection, J.ongwen He; R

; State-of-Charg ptive Extended K E Trans. Vehicul1http://www.leoniM.S. Keshner, R super-large-scal

ufacturing of PV

but when tdischarged tofrom the fi+ve) and ba

ing during this

ONCLUSIO

Point Trackixtract maximrgy source (tn rural areas24), easily cofor small sc

er can be diolated load.), output poecause of th

mproved (figics less tha

ttery energyoutage. The

ck-up power ts, pumps, anuce power an

e PV output isull state of choads. Once thto normalility was int

REFERENC

d and Solar Pow

ar Thermal Colleon Science, Vol.man W.A. Sola

91.org/wiki/Solar_Tllow and Ishan PrealityOvervie

gy and Resourcesthium ion batterie

ill, 2002, pp. 35.Anna StefanopoEstimation and

inar nno, and T. Suntel calibration anower Sources, voui Xiong; Xiaoe Estimation of alman Filter Baser Technology, v

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