solid waste management plan - ncdenr - nc dept. of
TRANSCRIPT
June 2009June 2009
Apex • Fuquay-Varina • Garner • Holly SpringsKnightdale • Morrisville • Raleigh • Rolesville
Wake County • Wake Forest • Wendell • Zebulon
Cary •
WAKE COUNTYSOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN
Printed on 100% Post-Consumer Recycled PaperPrinted on 100% Post-Consumer Recycled Paper
A ES-1
ex sum draft.docx
Executive Summary
Pursuant to NC General Statute 130A-309A(b), each unit of local government is required to develop a Ten Year Solid Waste Management Plan and update the Plan every three years. In Wake County, the original plan was adopted in 1997 and had been updated every third year since. This 2009 Plan Update, completed in cooperation with all 12 local municipal governments, was prepared in accordance with the latest Ten Year Solid Waste Management Plan Guide. The Plan presents a progressive vision for managing solid waste in Wake County through the development of intended actions for solid waste planning elements which include: reduction; collection; recycling and reuse; composting and mulching; incineration; transfer; disposal; education; special wastes; illegal disposal/litter; purchasing of recycled products; disaster response; collection of discarded electronics; and management of abandoned manufactured homes.
Accomplishments Over the past three years, the jurisdictions of Wake County have individually and collectively made improvements to elements of their own solid waste programs and the County’s shared solid waste system. The most notable accomplishments born from previous intended actions include the following:
In 2008, Wake County and its municipal partners opened the South Wake Landfill (SWLF), marking the culmination of an 18 year development process which included a collaborative evaluation of several alternative disposal options. The County and 11 participating municipal jurisdictions have established the “South Wake Landfill Partnership”, solidifying the landfill
development, operation, and use as a joint undertaking. By pooling their residential MSW waste streams for disposal at the SWLF, the partners can expect improved economy and predictability in waste disposal costs. As evidence of this, the tipping fees at the SWLF are currently among the lowest 25 percent in the State.
To facilitate delivery of waste from the northern and eastern parts of Wake County, the City of Raleigh constructed the East Wake Transfer Station (EWTS), which became operational
shortly after the opening of the SWLF.
Residential recycling rates have increased by 4 percent county-wide when compared to 2005 rates. Overall, ten municipalities reported increased residential recycling rates. Expanding the types of
materials collected curbside and providing more public education have contributed to this increase. Also, several municipalities, including Holly Springs, Knightdale, Wendell, Zebulon, and Wake Forest, have switched to using larger 48 gallon carts in place of the 18 gallon bin.
The City of Raleigh began a curbside recycling pilot program in the Central Business District to capture more waste from businesses. Collection service is offered four times a week via 64-gallon carts. Over 100 businesses had joined the program as of the end of FY 2008.
Wake County’s Feed the Bin recycling and environmental education program resulted in approximately 1.6 million pounds of mixed paper (12.4 lbs/student) being recycled from Wake County Public Schools in the 2007-2008 school year.
Participating Jurisdictions
Apex • Cary • Fuquay‐Varina Garner • Holly Springs • Knightdale Morrisville • Raleigh • Rolesville Wake Forest • Wendell • Zebulon
Wake County
Executive Summary
ES-2 A
ex sum draft.docx
Wake County completed waste characterization studies for waste streams from Wake County public schools and government buildings. The County is using this information to gauge the effectiveness of the Feed the Bin program and identify actions to increase waste diversion.
In an effort to improve collection efficiency and control costs, most municipal and private fleets have either fully switched or begun transitioning to semi- or fully-automated refuse collection using 96 gallon roll-out carts.
In FY 2008, several eastern Wake County towns simultaneously and cooperatively negotiated with their contracted waste collection services provider during renewal of their residential solid waste collection contracts as a means to control costs.
Wake County and other local jurisdictions continue to provide collection and drop-off opportunities for special wastes that are not appropriate for landfill disposal, or may be beneficially reused or recycled. During FY 2008, Wake County collected 471 tons of household hazardous waste; 1,130 tons of white goods; 13,180 tons of tires; 25,223 gallons of used oil; 500 gallons of antifreeze; 1,752 lead-acid batteries; and 603 tons of electronic equipment from the two multi-material recycling facilities.
In FY 2008, Wake County completed a construction and demolition (C&D) waste assessment that examined quantities generated, processing and disposal capacities, and recycling market attributes. The results of this assessment have been used to develop new intended actions for the next planning period.
Future Actions Over the last three years, Wake County and the municipal governments have taken actions to secure long-term disposal, facilitate waste transfer, increase residential recycling rates, expand commercial recycling opportunities, and improve upon many other elements. Nevertheless, the local
jurisdictions recognize that additional effort is needed in virtually all areas in order to achieve their established vision and goals. In this regard, the 13 local governments have developed over 125 intended actions that may result in additional improvements to the jurisdictions solid waste programs and the County’s overall system. The intended actions support a shared vision for the 2009-2019 planning period that:
Provides the maximum opportunity practicable for waste reduction, reuse, and recycling using appropriate incentives, disincentives, and policies to motivate residents, institutions, and businesses;
Ensures the availability of economical, long-term municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal capacity;
Maintains an efficient system for collection, processing, recovery, diversion, transfer and delivery of all solid waste streams;
Offers a convenient method for residents to recycle a wide range of marketable materials including special wastes and yard wastes;
Communicates easily understood information regarding opportunities for all residents on how to reduce and recycle waste;
Employs effective methods to reduce illegal dumping and littering, and to monitor and enforce regulations prohibiting such behavior;
Provides a plan and adequate facilities for the proper management of disaster debris;
Is supported by a secure, transparent, and equitable funding system to cover the cost of the current and future solid waste management programs, as outlined in this Plan; and
Realizes increased efficiencies and cost savings through inter-governmental partnerships and the most appropriate mix of public and private sector services and facilities.
Executive Summary
A ES-3
ex sum draft.docx
Solid Waste ContactsThe solid waste representatives and contacts for the local governments in Wake County are:
Town of Apex Town of Cary Michael Deaton 919‐249‐3427 Scott Hecht 919‐469‐4388 Environmental Program Manager Solid Waste Division Manager
Town of Fuquay‐Varina Town of Garner Arthur Mouberry 919‐552‐1402 Paul Cox 919‐772‐7600 Director of Public Works Director of Public Works
Town of Holly Springs Town of Knightdale Luncie McNeil 919‐552‐5920 Tracy Pedigo 919‐217‐‐2290 Director of Public Works Director of Public Works Town of Morrisville City of Raleigh Blake Mills 919‐462‐7071 Frederick Battle 919‐831‐6073 Director of Public Works Solid Waste Services Director Town of Rolesville Town of Wake Forest Matthew Livingston 919‐556‐3506 Mike Barton 919‐554‐6123 Town Manager Director of Public Works Town of Wendell Town of Zebulon Alton Bryant 919‐365‐3616 Chris Ray 919‐269‐5285 Director of Public Works Director of Public Works Wake County Tommy Esqueda 919‐856‐7444 Environmental Services Director
A i Document Code
Contents
Executive Summary
Table of Contents
Section 1 – Introduction 1.1 Organization .............................................................................................................. 1-1 1.2 Participants ................................................................................................................ 1-1
Section 2 – Waste Reduction and Management Goals 2.1 Solid Waste Management Goals ............................................................................. 2-1 2.2 Waste Reduction Rate and Goals ........................................................................... 2-3
Section 3 – Solid Waste Generation, Composition, and Disposition 3.1 Waste Generation ..................................................................................................... 3-1
3.1.1 Municipal Solid Waste .............................................................................. 3-1 3.1.2 C&D Waste ................................................................................................. 3-1 3.1.3 LCID ............................................................................................................ 3-1
3.2 Solid Waste Disposition ........................................................................................... 3-2 3.3 Solid Waste Composition ........................................................................................ 3-2 3.3.1 Public School System Waste Composition Study ................................. 3-3 3.3.2 County Government Facilities Waste Composition Study.................. 3-5 3.4 Solid Waste Materials Flow ..................................................................................... 3-6 3.4.1 Residential Waste Flow ............................................................................ 3-6 3.4.2 Non-Residential Waste Flow ................................................................... 3-7
Section 4 – Waste Management and Reduction Programs 4.1 Reduction ................................................................................................................... 4-1
4.1.1 Current Activities ...................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.2 Intended Actions ....................................................................................... 4-2
4.2 Collection ................................................................................................................... 4-2 4.2.1 Current Activities ...................................................................................... 4-2 4.2.2 Intended Actions ....................................................................................... 4-5
4.3 Recycling and Reuse ................................................................................................ 4-5 4.3.1 Residential Recycling ................................................................................ 4-5 4.3.2 CII Recycling and Reuse Programs ......................................................... 4-9 4.3.3 In-House Recycling Programs ............................................................... 4-10 4.3.4 C&D Recycling and Reuse ..................................................................... 4-11 4.3.5 Intended Action ....................................................................................... 4-11 4.4 Composting and Mulching ................................................................................... 4-13
4.4.1 Current Activities .................................................................................... 4-13 4.4.2 Intended Actions ..................................................................................... 4-14
Table of Contents
A ii Table of Contents
4.5 Incineration .............................................................................................................. 4-14 4.5.1 Current Activities .................................................................................... 4-14 4.5.2 Intended Actions ..................................................................................... 4-15
4.6 Waste Transfer ........................................................................................................ 4-15 4.6.1 Current Activities .................................................................................... 4-15 4.6.2 Intended Actions ..................................................................................... 4-16
4.7 Disposal .................................................................................................................... 4-16 4.7.1 MSW Disposal .......................................................................................... 4-16 4.7.2 C&D Disposal .......................................................................................... 4-17 4.7.3 LCID Disposal .......................................................................................... 4-18 4.7.4 Intended Actions ..................................................................................... 4-18 4.8 Education ................................................................................................................. 4-18
4.8.1 Current Activities .................................................................................... 4-18 4.8.2 Intended Actions ..................................................................................... 4-21
4.9 Special Wastes ......................................................................................................... 4-21 4.9.1 Current Activities .................................................................................... 4-21 4.9.2 Intended Actions ..................................................................................... 4-23
4.10 Illegal Disposal/Litter ............................................................................................ 4-23 4.10.1 Current Activities .................................................................................... 4-23 4.10.2 Intended Actions ..................................................................................... 4-25 4.11 Purchasing Recycled Products .............................................................................. 4-25
4.11.1 Current Activities .................................................................................... 4-25 4.11.2 Intended Actions ..................................................................................... 4-26
4.12 Disaster Response ................................................................................................... 4-26 4.12.1 Current Activities .................................................................................... 4-27 4.12.2 Intended Actions ..................................................................................... 4-27
4.13 Collection of Discarded Electronics ..................................................................... 4-27 4.13.1 Current Activities .................................................................................... 4-27 4.13.2 Intended Actions ..................................................................................... 4-28
4.14 Management of Abandoned Manufactured Homes .......................................... 4-28
Section 5 – Program Costs and Financing 5.1 Description and Assessment of Costs and Funding Mechanisms ..................... 5-1
5.1.1 Program Costs and Residential User Fees ............................................. 5-1 5.1.2 Comparison of Contract Services Costs ................................................. 5-1
5.2 Intended Actions....................................................................................................... 5-3
Section 6 – Program Management and Administration
Appendices Appendix A – Local Govt. Resolutions (NOT INCLUDED IN DRAFT) Appendix B – Notices of Opportunity for Public Comment and Meetings Appendix C – South Wake Landfill Interlocal Agreement Appendix D – Progress Summary – Intended Actions
Table of Contents
A iii Table of Contents
Appendix E –Map of TDSRs Appendix F – Waste Reduction Goal Sheet Appendix G – Buy Recycled Policies and Ordinances Appendix H – Public Comments on 2009 Plan (NOT INCLUDED IN DRAFT)
List of Tables 3-1 Estimated Populations by Jurisdiction .................................................................. 3-2 3-2 MSW Managed by Jurisdictions in Wake County ............................................... 3-3 3-3 Management of Solid Waste Generated in Wake County (FY 2005-2006) ....... 3-4 3-4 Waste Characterization Field Sorts of Disposed Solid Waste at North Wake Landfill – Overall Composition (1998) ....................................................... 3-6 3-5 Composition of Waste Disposed by the WCPSS .................................................. 3-7 3-6 Composition of Waste Disposed by County Government Facilities ................. 3-7 4-1 Waste Reduction Intended Actions........................................................................ 4-3 4-2 Curbside Collection Services Provided in Wake County Jurisdictions ............ 4-4 4-3 Collection Intended Actions .................................................................................... 4-6 4-4 Waste Disposed and Recycled by Wake County Jurisdictions, FY 2008 .......... 4-7 4-5 Recyclables Collected through Residential Curbside Recycling Programs ..... 4-8 4-6 Recyclables Collected through Local Govt. Sponsored Drop-Off Sites ............ 4-8 4-7 C&D Waste Landfilled and Recycled .................................................................. 4-11 4-8 Recycling and Reuse Intended Actions ............................................................... 4-12 4-9 Municipal Yard Waste Program Summary, FY 2008 ......................................... 4-13 4-10 Composting and Mulching Intended Actions .................................................... 4-14 4-11 Incineration Intended Actions .............................................................................. 4-15 4-12 Waste Transfer Intended Actions ......................................................................... 4-16 4-13 Permitted Active Disposal Facilities in Wake County ...................................... 4-17 4-14 Waste Disposal Intended Actions ........................................................................ 4-19 4-15 Education Efforts Undertaken by Wake County Jurisdictions ........................ 4-19 4-16 Education and Outreach Intended Actions ........................................................ 4-21 4-17 Special Wastes Intended Actions ......................................................................... 4-23 4-18 Illegal Disposal/Litter Intended Actions ............................................................ 4-25 4-19 Purchasing Recycled Products Intended Actions .............................................. 4-26 4-20 Disaster Response Intended Actions ................................................................... 4-27 5-1 Wake County Plan Jurisdictions’ Solid Waste Management Per- Household Program Costs and user Fees (FY 2007-2008) .................................. 5-2 5-2 Comparison of Solid Waste Contracted Services Costs ...................................... 5-3 5-3 Program Costs and Financing Intended Actions ................................................. 5-4 6-1 Program Management and Administration ......................................................... 6-2
List of Figures 3-1 Transfer and Waste Disposal Sites Wake County, NC ........................................ 3-5 3-2 Residential Waste Flow ............................................................................................ 3-8 3-3 CII Waste Flow .......................................................................................................... 3-8 4-1 Materials Recovered from Curbside and Drop-off Recycling Programs .......... 4-9
Table of Contents
A iv Table of Contents
4-2 Recyclables and Yard Waste Recovered ................................................................ 4-9 4-3 Tons of Wake County-Generated MSW Disposed ............................................ 4-17 4-4 Wake County C&D Waste Disposed ................................................................... 4-18 5-1 North Carolina MSW Landfill Tipping Fees at End of FY 2006 ......................... 5-4
A 1-1
sec_1 draft.doc
Section 1 Introduction
ursuant to NC General Statute 130A-309A(b), each unit of local government is required to develop a Ten Year Solid Waste
Management Plan and update the Plan every three years. In Wake County, the original plan was adopted in 1997 and was updated in 2000, 2003, and 2006. This 2009 Update, completed in cooperation with all 12 local municipal governments, was prepared in accordance with the latest Ten Year Solid Waste Management Plan Guide. The Plan presents a progressive vision for managing solid waste in Wake County through the development of intended actions within various solid waste planning elements.
1.1 Organization The 2009 Update is organized into six sections as noted below:
Section 2 presents a summary of waste reduction and management goals;
Section 3 characterizes the County’s solid waste stream and provides a description of the flow of solid waste;
Section 4 presents a summary of each jurisdictions program with regard to the twelve planning elements and provides current intended actions;
Section 5 provides information about the current cost of solid waste programs; and
Section 6 provides an update on Wake County’s solid waste management program and partnership with the local governments.
Appendices to this Plan provide supporting information used in developing the Plan.
1.2 Participants This Plan addresses the waste management planning needs and requirements of Wake County and all 12 municipal governments which include:
Apex
Cary
Fuquay-Varina
Garner
Holly Springs
Knightdale
Morrisville
Raleigh
Rolesville
Wake Forest
Wendell
Zebulon
The municipal governments participated in the Plan preparation by meeting individually with the County’s consultants to review their solid waste programs, provide updates on previous intended actions, and develop new intended actions. The Solid Waste Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) and Solid Waste Advisory Committee (SWAC) oversaw and participated in the Plan’s development, and recommended the plan for adoption by the elected officials of each local government. The TAC and SWAC are comprised of representatives from each local government.
P
Section 1 Introduction
1-2 A
sec_1 draft.doc
A draft of the Plan was placed in all Wake County Public Libraries and Chambers of Commerce for public review and comment. The draft Plan was also posted on Wake County’s web site. Paid advertising notices of the opportunity to review the plan were placed in the following papers (see notice in Appendix B):
Apex Herald (March 26)
Fuquay-Varina Independent (March 25)
Garner News (March 25)
Holly Springs Sun (March 26)
News and Observer (March 30)
Wake Weekly (March 26)
A public comment period spanned March 30th to April 10th, 2009. Additional opportunities for public input in the planning process were provided at each meeting of elected municipal officials when the draft plan was presented for review and consideration. The draft Plan was adopted by each local government by resolution. Copies of the resolutions are provided in Appendix A.
A 2-1
sec_2 draft.doc
Section 2 Waste Reduction and Management Goals
ake County and its municipal partners continue to support and refine the vision and goals for managing solid
waste that were established during the previous Plan Updates. Their shared vision for the 2009-2019 planning period supports a solid waste management system serving residents, institutions, and businesses that:
Provides the maximum opportunity practicable for waste reduction, reuse, and recycling using appropriate incentives, disincentives, and policies to motivate residents, institutions, and businesses;
Ensures the availability of economical, long-term municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal capacity;
Maintains an efficient system for collection, processing, recovery, diversion, transfer and delivery of all solid waste streams;
Offers a convenient method for residents to recycle a wide range of marketable materials including special wastes and yard wastes;
Communicates easily understood information regarding opportunities for all residents to reduce and recycle waste;
Employs effective methods to reduce illegal dumping and littering, and to monitor and enforce regulations prohibiting such behavior;
Provides a plan and adequate facilities for the proper management of disaster debris;
Is supported by a secure, transparent, and equitable funding system to cover the cost of the current and future solid waste management programs, as outlined in this Plan; and
Realizes increased efficiencies and cost savings through inter-governmental partnerships and the most appropriate mix of public and private sector services and facilities.
2.1 Solid Waste Management Goals Solid waste reduction and management goals that have been established to achieve the shared vision and which are supported by an updated set of intended actions listed in subsequent sections of this Plan are presented below:
Collection Provide cost-effective means of collecting MSW, recyclables, bulky waste, and yard waste, at approved service levels, from residential customers served by the participating jurisdictions.
Ensure that solid waste management and recycling collection services are made available to all solid waste generators, including businesses and institutions.
Transfer and Disposal Operate the South Wake Landfill (SWLF) in an efficient and environmentally sound manner using appropriate and innovative methods to ensure maximum use of airspace while considering beneficial reuse of methane gas.
Continually evaluate SWLF and East Wake Transfer Station (EWTS) tip fees to encourage in-county disposal and optimize the efficient use of both facilities.
Waste Reduction, Recycling, and Reuse Reduce, reuse, and recycle MSW to the maximum extent practicable in all participating jurisdictions, with the overall objective of achieving the State’s waste reduction goal of 40
W
Section 2 Waste Reduction and Management Goals
2-2 A
sec_2 draft.doc
percent as measured against the baseline year of FY 1988-89.
Provide incentives, disincentives, and policies to motivate Wake County residents, businesses, and institutions to reduce, reuse, compost, and recycle solid waste.
Support economic development efforts aimed at enhancing existing and developing “sustainable” businesses, including those that can utilize local secondary material feedstocks.
Composting/Mulching Continue to provide convenient opportunities for Wake County residents to learn about the benefits and techniques for backyard composting of yard debris, food scraps, and other suitable organic wastes.
Investigate and pursue appropriate opportunities for food waste composting.
Consider initiatives to work with surrounding counties and states on larger projects such as organic waste composting and regional disposal alternatives.
Management of Special Wastes Continue to provide opportunities and the necessary services and facilities for Wake County to properly manage waste requiring special handling.
Education Continue to supply all residents with information on how to reduce, reuse, and recycle waste in their homes, places of work, and throughout the community.
Develop public awareness regarding the implications of over-consumption on solid waste generation and the environment, and inform residents about consumption practices that result in less waste generation as well as more efficient, environmentally sound use of resources.
Continue to provide a consistent and coordinated message of proper solid waste management and environmental stewardship for students, local government employees, and the general public.
Provide environmental education and recycling services to every public school in the Wake County Public School System (WCPSS).
Prevention of Illegal Dumping and Litter Make measurable and steady progress toward reducing illegal dumping and littering, including increased enforcement of the N.C. covered truck requirements.
Purchasing Promote business, institutional, and consumer involvement in buying products made from recycled materials.
Expand County and municipal recycled products purchasing programs via establishment of formal policies on procurement of recycled content and other “green” products and supplies by Wake County local governments.
Disaster Response Institute an effective disaster debris management system consisting of facilities and services reflecting coordination among County, municipal, state, and federal agencies.
Management and Financing Utilize full cost accounting practices for identifying and monitoring all solid waste management program costs.
Institute a balanced, secure, and equitable funding system to cover current and future costs associated with the programs and services needed to meet the County’s solid waste reduction and management goals.
Identify opportunities to reduce or control costs and increase revenue opportunities associated
Section 2 Waste Reduction and Management Goals
A 2-3
sec_2 draft.doc
with solid waste disposal and recycling services for County and municipal buildings.
Work collectively to integrate and coordinate services and programs, and to realize increased efficiencies and cost savings that result from these joint efforts.
Strengthen partnerships with private sector service providers, to ensure appropriate and effective use of both public and private sector services and facilities in the most environmentally sound and cost-effective manner practicable.
Participate in regional planning and decision-making activities to address regional opportunities for enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of recycling and sold waste management operations.
Establish program measures and an evaluation system to monitor progress toward attaining local solid waste management goals.
Ensure that there is a process and a place for public input into solid waste management plans and facility siting decisions.
Comply with all state and federal solid waste management regulations.
2.2 Waste Reduction Rate and Goals The 1991 amendment to the Solid Waste Management Act of 1989 established a statewide goal to reduce the amount of landfilled material 40 percent by 2001 (on a per capita basis). Statewide, the goal was not met, and per capita disposal rates continue to remain above the baseline fiscal year (FY) rate of 1.07 tons per person per year established in 1991-1992. The statewide per capita waste disposal rate in FY 2008 was 1.24 tons per
person per year – more than 15 percent above the baseline rate.
In Wake County, the per capita waste disposal rate continues to fluctuate. Between FY 2005 and FY 2007, waste disposal in Wake County increased from 1.23 to 1.42 to 1.44 tons per person per year (see inset). Comparing these rates to Wake County’s approved baseline year rate of 1.40, waste disposal fluctuated between a 12.5 percent decrease to a 2.9 percent increase. In FY 2008, per capita waste disposal dropped slightly below the baseline rate at 1.38 tons per person (a 1.5 percent reduction over baseline). The jurisdictions in Wake County have previously established a collective goal of 20 percent waste reduction for all solid waste. They continue to support that goal to be achieved by the end of the 2009-2019 planning period.
The jurisdictions of Wake County continue to take actions to increase waste reduction rates on a per capita basis. For example, in 2008 several municipalities, including Wendell, Zebulon, and Knightdale, switched from 18-gallon bins to larger 48-gallon carts for recyclables to facilitate increased residential recycling and reduce the amount of waste landfilled. Nevertheless, many factors continue to impact per capita waste generation rates that bear little relationship to the extent to which residents, businesses, and institutions make progress in implementing waste reduction
Wake County Waste Disposal and Waste Reduction Rates
Total Wake County Tons Disposed ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ = Tons per Person per Year
Population
MSW Tons Wake Co. Waste Disposal Percent Change FY Disposed Population Rate from Baseline* 04‐05 914,252 / 746,336 = 1.23 ‐12.5% 05‐06 1,071,973 / 755,034 = 1.42 +1.4% 06‐07 1,140,479 / 790,007 = 1.44 +2.9% 07‐08 1,151,050 / 832,590 = 1.38 ‐1.5% * Wake County baseline (FY 1988‐1989) rate was 1.40 tons per person per year
Section 2 Waste Reduction and Management Goals
2-4 A
sec_2 draft.doc
programs and reducing the amount of landfilled material. Natural disasters, construction starts, industrial output, and the health of the economy all influence waste generation rates. The relatively moderate cost of disposal is also recognized as a disincentive to waste reduction. These factors have impacted waste generation in other communities such Mecklenburg County, which has long been recognized as a State leader in waste reduction and recycling. Mecklenburg County, like Wake County, experienced a similar increase in per capita waste generation rates between FY 2005 and FY 2007, followed by a decrease in FY 2008. Their reported per capita disposal rate increased from 1.67 tons in FY 2005 to 1.87 tons in FY 2007, then back to 1.67 tons in FY 2008.
Through effective planning and commitments from its municipal partners, Wake County has recently developed the SWLF, which provides long-term disposal capacity at low cost, compared to other available options. While it is the County’s primary goal to implement measures that will reduce waste generation and preserve landfill airspace (thus extending the life of the landfill), it is also a goal to provide for cost-effective solid waste disposal to citizens, businesses, and institutions. The cost of solid waste disposal generally increases, on a per ton basis, as disposal rates decrease. As such, there is a continual balancing of priorities (disposal cost vs. waste reduction) that must occur.
A 3-1
sec_3 draft.doc
Section 3 Solid Waste Generation, Composition, and
Disposition
n order for the County and local jurisdictions to reach the goals defined in Section 2, it is important to understand the types, quantities,
sources, and current disposition of waste materials generated in the County. To facilitate this understanding, the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources (NC DENR) Division of Waste Management (DWM) requires all jurisdictions and certain types of facilities that manage waste to report annual solid waste statistics. The statistics are compiled and made available on the DWM web site. These databases provide valuable insight into waste generation and disposal amounts and trends throughout the County. In addition, Wake County has performed several studies of waste composition on a county-wide level and for certain elements of their organization. The following sections summarize the most recent information available for the County regarding waste generation, disposition, and composition.
3.1 Waste Generation Residential dwelling units, businesses, industries, government entities and institutions all generate waste that is ultimately collected, processed and disposed through solid waste service providers (both public and private). The following sections summarize available data for MSW, C&D debris, and LCID.
3.1.1 Municipal Solid Waste The distribution of MSW is primarily driven by population and growth patterns throughout the County and plays an important role in how efficiently the solid waste services can be provided. Therefore, an important element of any management plan is an evaluation of the population and growth patterns in the service area. Table 3-1 shows current and projected population
estimates for each of the local jurisdictions and the County. The State Office of Management and Budget projects Wake County’s population to grow from approximately 868,000 to over 1.2 million by the year 2020, which is a 40 percent increase in just over a decade. Despite efforts to reduce waste generation, this projected rapid growth of both residents and businesses will significantly increase waste generation throughout the County and its’ jurisdictions.
Table 3-2 shows the tons of MSW managed by each municipality for FY 2008. As a comparison to the last Plan Update, the County generated an additional 20,700 tons of waste in 2008 when compared to 2005 data. However, a positive note is that per capita waste generation dropped for eight of the local jurisdictions for a county-wide average reduction of almost 90 lbs per person managed. This reflects the County and municipalities’ continued efforts at recycling and waste reduction.
3.1.2 C&D Waste Based on the most recent information available from the DWM annual disposal reports (FY 05-06), 462,405 tons of C&D waste were generated in Wake County. There are currently four permitted and active C&D landfills in Wake County and one mixed waste procession (MWP) center. Most of the C&D waste generated in Wake County is either disposed in one of the four in-County C&D landfills or is recycled. Approximately 5 to 7 percent of Wake County-generated C&D waste is disposed in one of three out-of-County C&D landfills. Wake County no longer operates facilities to handle C&D waste.
3.1.3 LCID Land clearing operations produce such waste as trees, tree parts, stumps, rock, soil stone and other
I
Section 3 Solid Waste Generation, Composition, and Disposition
3-2 A
sec_3 draft.doc
materials which are not permitted by the State for disposal in MSW landfills. There are currently three permitted and active LCID landfills in Wake County.
The municipalities reported collection of 67,940 tons of yard waste in FY 2008. Less than 20 percent of the residential yard waste was landfilled. It is unclear how much yard waste and vegetative matter from site clearing ended up in Wake County LCID landfills since the State does not track this information.
3.2 Solid Waste Disposition Based on a review of facility reports provided to the DWM and reports provided by the local jurisdictions, approximately 1.2 million tons of
MSW was generated in Wake County in FY 2005-2006. This includes both MSW and C&D sent to disposal facilities or transferred. It also includes recyclables recovered by local jurisdiction programs, which totaled just over 116,000 tons. It should be noted, however, that the amount of waste recovered and recycled is greater since business and institutional recycling in Wake County is not monitored or controlled by local jurisdictions. A summary of solid waste generation and recycling is shown in Table 3-3. The locations of Wake County disposal and recycling facilities are shown in Figure 3-1.
3.3 Solid Waste Composition The previous update to the Solid Waste Management Plan included a summary of a 1998
Table 3‐1Estimated Populations by Jurisdiction
JurisdictionPopulation
20051Population
20082Population
20103Population
20153Population
20203
Apex 29,739 34,463 38,659 48,408 60,614
Cary 110,000 132,647 149,735 181,318 212,902
Fuquay‐Varina 10,000 15,000 17,702 23,323 30,729
Garner 22,589 25,429 30,360 37,043 42,943
Holly Springs 14,500 22,362 24,693 31,189 39,394
Knightdale 7,325 10,000 12,315 14,983 17,369
Morrisville 12,500 15,003 17,750 20,800 23,900
Raleigh 294,843 380,173 399,419 451,906 511,290
Rolesville 953 2,800 2,999 3,562 4,231
Wake Forest 15,022 26,150 28,013 33,270 39,514
Wendell 4,451 5,742 8,778 16,495 23,705
Zebulon 4,232 4,781 7,292 8,872 10,283
Total Incorporated Area4 526,154 674,550 737,715 871,170 1,016,875
Unincorporated Area5 154,417 193,571 182,583 209,248 213,507
Wake County Total6 680,571 868,121 920,298 1,080,418 1,230,382
Notes:
1. The 2005 population estimates were provided by each jurisdiction as part of the previous Solid Waste Management Plan Update in 2006.
2. The 2008 population estimates were provided by each jurisdiction during the development of this plan.
3. The population projections were provided by municipal staff or developed from demographic data found on a jurisdiction's website. Apex, Fuquay‐Varina, Holly Springs
were shown on the jurisdiction websites. Cary, Garner, Morrisville, and Zebulon were adapted from the County's Water and Sewer Plan. Knightdale, Raleigh,
Rolesville, and Wake Forest were developed from average annual growth rates.Wendell projections were provided by their Planning Department.
4. Calculated by adding the total of all 12 municipal estimates
5. Calculated by subtracting the sum of municipalities' populations from the Wake County total population.
6. From the State's Office of State Budget and Management ( http://www.osbm.state.nc.us/ncosbm/facts_and_figures/socioeconomic_data/population_estimates.shtm )
Section 3 Solid Waste Generation, Composition, and Disposition
A 3-3
sec_3 draft.doc
Waste Characterization Study performed for Wake County. The study provided statistical information to characterize and quantify the County’s solid waste stream. Table 3-4 presents a summary of the information contained in the 1998 study. An update to this information has not been performed since the last evaluation; however, waste composition studies have recently been completed for the Wake County Public School System (WCPSS) and for the County’s government facilities, as discussed below.
3.3.1 Public School System Waste Composition Study In 2008, Wake County completed a waste composition study for the WCPSS. The study was intended to determine the types and relative
amounts of recyclable materials being disposed of by the students, faculty, and staff of the school system. The Wake County Solid Waste Division planned to use the information to gauge the effectiveness of the County school recycling program and identify actions to increase waste diversion from disposal.
Table 3-5 depicts the composition of the waste disposed by the WCPSS as a whole. Approximately 22 percent of the waste disposed consists of materials that could have been recycled in the system’s existing recycling program. This includes recyclable paper (mixed paper, newspaper, corrugated cardboard, catalogs and magazines, telephone books, and text books totaling 15.9
Table 3‐2MSW Managed by Jurisdictions in Wake County
(includes Landfilled Tonnage, White Goods, Recyclables, and Yard Waste)
Jurisdiction Population 2008 1Tons of Waste
Managed 2008 2Pounds per Person Managed 2008
Pounds per Person
Managed 2005 3
Apex 34,463 19,998 1,161 1,337
Cary 132,647 53,503 807 938
Fuquay‐Varina 15,000 6,438 858 1,080
Garner 25,429 9,674 761 861
Holly Springs 22,362 9,849 881 732
Knightdale 10,000 2,844 569 649
Morrisville 15,003 3,612 482 406
Raleigh 380,173 181,761 956 1,083
Rolesville 2,800 1,076 769 1,800
Wake Forest 26,150 18,183 1,391 1,074
Wendell 5,742 3,502 1,220 1,345
Zebulon 4,781 4,954 2,072 1,605
Unincorporated Area 4 193,571 56,296 582 664
Total County 868,121 371,690 856 n/a
Notes:
1. Estimates provided by jurisdictions.
2. Tonnage estimates from Solid Waste Management Annual Report for each jurisdiction, reporting period July 1, 2007 ‐ June 30, 2008.
3. Source: Solid Waste Management Plan Update ‐ Final Report, Planning Period July 1, 2006 ‐ June 30, 2016, R.W. Beck, July 7, 2006.
4. Tons of MSW delivered to Wake County convenience centers.
Section 3 Solid Waste Generation, Composition, and Disposition
3-4 A
sec_3 draft.doc
Table 3‐3Management of Solid Waste Generated in Wake County (FY 2005‐2006)
Management Practice Facility LocationTons Disposed (FY 2005‐2006)
Percent of Category
Percent of All MSW Waste
Wake County (North Wake) Landfill Raleigh, NC 434,566 68.7%WI‐Sampson County Disposal Inc. Roseboro, NC 162,310 25.6%Brunswick Landfill Lawrenceville, VA 19,926 3.1%Upper Piedmont Reg. Landfill Rougemont, NC 12,797 2.0%Lee County Landfill Bishopville, SC 2,732 0.4%BFI‐Charlotte Motor Speedway Landfill Concord, NC 416 0.1%Palmetto Landfill Wellford, SC 193 0.0%Uwharrie Env. Reg. Landfill Mt. Gilead, NC 46 0.0%Total Tons MSW Landfilled 632,986 100% 51.7%
Red Rock Disposal, LLC Raleigh, NC 153,532 33.2%Material Recovery/Brownfield Rd. C&D Landfill Raleigh, NC 148,244 32.1%Hwy 55 C&D Landfill Apex, NC 69,182 15.0%BFI‐Holly Springs Disposal Holly Springs, NC 54,372 11.8%Shotwell Landfill Wendell, NC 36,600 7.9%Cobles C&D Landfill Liberty, NC 409 0.1%WI‐Sampson County C&D Unit Roseboro, NC 45 0.0%Granville County C&D Landfill Oxford, NC 21 0.0%Total Tons C&D Waste Landfilled and/or Recovered 462,405 100% 37.7%
Household Recyclables (glass, metal and plastic containers, household grades of paper)
47,298 40.7%
White Goods2 1,068 0.9%
Yard Waste3 67,940 58.4%Total Tons Recycled 116,306 100% 9.5%
Central Carolina Tire Monofill Cameron, NC 13,180 100.0%Total Tons Tires Landfilled 13,180 100% 1.1%
Wake County HHW Facility Raleigh, NC 471 100.0%Total Tons HHW 471 100% 0.04%TOTAL MSW GENERATED 1,225,348 100.0%
Notes:
Primary Source: County Waste Disposal Report, NC DENR, Solid Waste Program
Additional materials are recovered by the private sector; however records are not kept regarding these materials.
2. White Goods data provided by Wake County staff for FY 2007‐2008 data
3. Yard Waste data provided by local jurisdiction staff for FY 2007‐2008 data
4. Landfilled Tires data provided by Wake County staff for FY 2007‐2008 data
5. HHW data provided by Wake County staff for FY 2007‐2008 data. While some HHW is recycled, this analysis includes all as disposed.
1. Recyclables tonnage includes program recyclables, white goods, and yard waste recovered through jurisdictions' programs.
Landfilled MSW
C&D Landfilled and/or Recovered
Recyclables Recovered 1
Landfilled Tires4
HHW5
Section 3 Solid Waste Generation, Composition, and Disposition
A 3-5
sec_3 draft.doc
percent), containers (HDPE and PET containers, aluminum cans, and tin/steel cans totaling 3.9 percent), and expanded polystyrene foam (not necessarily cafeteria trays, totaling 1.5 percent).
Based on the study results, a number of opportunities were identified to help maximize waste diversion and increase the effectiveness of the WCPSS recycling program. The following is a list of primary recommendations from the study:
Provide education targeted for teenage/high-school students;
Expand materials recovery to include chipboard/paperboard, cardboard and organics; and
Consider modifications to existing contracts to obtain more cost effective services.
3.3.2 County Government Facilities Waste Composition Study In 2008, the County also completed a composition study of the County’s Government Facility waste stream. Similar to the Public School Study, the Solid Waste Division planned to use the information to gauge the effectiveness of the County government facility recycling program and identify actions to increase the recovery of recycled materials.
Table 3-6 presents the results of the 2008 County government facilities waste composition study. The table includes the weighted average of each material category. Results of the 2008 waste composition study
reveal that more than 22 percent of the waste stream generated in the Wake County government facilities is comprised of recyclable materials that are accepted in the County’s existing recycling program, which includes recyclable paper (18.5 percent) and recyclable containers (3.7 percent).
Based on the results of this study, a number of opportunities exist to maximize waste diversion and increase the effectiveness of the County’s government facilities recycling program. The following is a list of primary recommendations from the study:
Section 3 Solid Waste Generation, Composition, and Disposition
3-6 A
sec_3 draft.doc
Implement a dual-stream recovery system to ease the burden on employees;
Consider expanding the list of recyclables;
Consider modifications to existing service contracts; and
Collect more information from vendors for future tracking of materials.
3.4 Solid Waste Materials Flow Once the waste is collected, the materials within the County and its jurisdictions flow through
several channels and may be disposed at a number of facilities. Many factors influence the flow of solid waste materials from the point of generation to the point of disposition. These factors may include the following:
Material type;
Collection service cost;
Facility tipping fees;
Value of recovered materials;
Proximity of disposal facilities and the time associated with disposal;
Relationship of each facility owner/operator to the hauling entity;
Existing service agreement terms; and
Hauler preferences
The sections below summarize the material flow for residential solid waste and non-residential waste.
3.4.1 Residential Waste Flow Residents of Wake County and its jurisdictions have multiple options for disposing of MSW, recyclables, yard waste and C&D waste. Figure 3-2 depicts these
options and general process flows for waste generated by the residents of Wake County.
In order to support development of the SWLF and create the most cost-effective MSW disposal option for the citizens of Wake County, 12 of the 13 local jurisdictions entered into an inter-local agreement (ILA) prior to completion of the SWLF. By creating the ILA, the jurisdictions agreed to pool their residential MSW waste streams for disposal at the SWLF in return for improved economy and predictability in waste disposal costs. As a result, all residential waste that is collected by the participating local jurisdictions or from Wake
Table 3‐4Waste Characterization Field Sorts of Disposed Solid Waste
at North Wake Landfill ‐ Overall Composition (1998)
CategoryMSW Composition1
(Mean Percentage)Solid Waste Composition2
(Mean Percentage)
Paper 34.1% 28.2%
Plastic 12.9% 10.6%
Metal 5.9% 4.9%
Glass 3.2% 2.6%
HHW 0.5% 0.4%
Yard Waste 1.8% 1.5%
Food Waste 12.1% 10.0%
Wood 10.3% 8.5%
C&D Debris 6.3% 22.5%
Durables 4.1% 3.4%
Textiles 2.9% 2.4%
Diapers 2.2% 1.9%
Rubber 0.3% 0.2%
Sharps 0.0% 0.0%
Other Organics 1.5% 1.3%
Other Inorganics 1.7% 1.4%
Other 0.2% 0.1%
TOTALS 100.0% 100.0%
Notes:Source: 1998 Waste Sort as included in 2006 Solid Waste Management Plan Update1. Includes only the residential, CII and mixed generator type results
2. Includes the C&D was well as the MSW, excluding the results of the visual characterization of C&D
Section 3 Solid Waste Generation, Composition, and Disposition
A 3-7
sec_3 draft.doc
County’s convenience centers is directed to the SWLF.
3.4.2 Non-Residential Waste Flow Non-residential waste is generated primarily from commercial, industrial, and institutional sources. This waste may include MSW, recyclables, and yard waste. The flow for non-residential waste often differs from residential waste, which is true for Wake County and its jurisdictions. Non-residential waste that is not collected by the municipalities does not necessarily flow to the SWLF. Figure 3-3 provides a flow chart of the non-residential waste flow process.
Table 3‐5 Table 3‐6Composition of Waste Disposed by the Composition of Waste Disposed by
Wake County Public School System (% by weight) County Government Facilities (% by weight)
Material Categories Percentage Material Categories Percentage
Other Non‐Recyclable Trash 49.1% Other Non‐Recyclable Trash 50.4%
Food Waste 13.9% Mixed Recyclable Paper 8.8%
Mixed Recyclable Paper 9.2% Plastic Film 7.7%
Aseptic Containers 6.7% Food Waste 5.9%
Plastic Film 6.1% Corrugated Cardboard 3.7%
PET Containers 2.5% Polystyrene 3.6%
Catalogs and Magazines 2.4% Newspaper 2.7%
Corrugated Cardboard 2.3% C&D Debris 2.7%
Newspaper 1.7% Aseptic Containers 2.4%
Polystyrene 1.5% PET Containers 2.2%
C&D Debris 1.2% Catalogs and Magazines 2.1%
Scrap Metals 0.6% Electronics 1.7%
HDPE Containers 0.6% Telephone Books 1.2%
Glass Containers 0.5% HDPE Containers 1.0%
Aluminum Cans 0.4% Tin/Steel Cans 0.9%
Yard Waste 0.3% Scrap Metals 0.9%
Tin/Steel Cans 0.3% Glass Containers 0.8%
Electronics 0.3% Text Books 0.5%
Telephone Books 0.2% Aluminum Cans 0.5%
Text Books 0.1% Yard Waste 0.4%
TOTALS 100.0% TOTALS 100.0%
Section 3 Solid Waste Generation, Composition, and Disposition
3-8 A
sec_3 draft.doc
Figure 3‐2. Residential Waste Flow
Figure 3‐3. CII Waste Flow
A 4-1
sec_4 draft.docx
Section 4 Waste Management and Reduction Programs
s part of the Plan Update process, the State requires local governments to assess the adequacy of solid waste management
programs and services, identify impediments, and consider solutions to minimize the impediments and achieve goals. To facilitate this process, the State has specified that current programs be inventoried and analyzed with regard to the following planning elements:
Reduction;
Collection;
Recycling and Reuse;
Composting and Mulching;
Incineration;
Transfer Outside of Geographic Area;
Disposal;
Education;
Special Wastes;
Illegal Disposal/Litter;
Purchasing of Recycled Products;
Disaster Response;
Collection of Discarded Electronics; and
Management of Abandoned Manufactured Homes
In addressing this planning requirement, the local jurisdictions of Wake County have provided (through survey) summaries of their current programs and the status of intended actions from the previous Plan Update. New intended actions aimed at achieving the solid waste goals presented in Section 2 are also discussed in the following pages.
4.1 Reduction After achieving a 12.5 percent waste reduction rate in FY 2005, waste disposal in Wake County trended upward for two years, reaching a high of 1.44 tons per person in FY 2007. In FY 2008, waste disposal declined to 1.38 tons per person. The strong local economic conditions of 2006 and 2007 are one expected cause of the increase in waste generation rates on a per capita basis. A decline in C&D recycling rates is another factor. According to the 2008 C&D waste assessment study completed by Wake County, the amount of C&D materials recycled has decreased since 2005 while overall C&D waste generation rates have increased. The result is a three percent decline in the C&D recycling rate over that time.
The number of residential source reduction programs offered and promoted by the local governments has also declined from 11, as reported in the last Plan Update, to only 5 during FY 2008. However, several of the local governments have focused more on waste reduction programs (which includes recycling) than on source reduction. For example, several jurisdictions have increased the number of recyclable materials accepted curbside and improved the collection methods.
4.1.1 Current Activities Residential Source Reduction Wake County and the municipal governments continue to provide a variety of source reduction programs to the residents of Wake County. Six municipalities offer backyard composting programs. Four of the six offer composting bins for distribution or sale and reported giving out 505 composting bins during FY 2008.
Other source reduction programs offered include grasscycling, junk mail reduction, xeriscaping, enviroshopping, and non-toxics use. The City of
A
Section 4 Waste Management and Reduction Programs
4-2 A
sec_4 draft.docx
Raleigh is the only local government currently operating a waste exchange (swap shop).
Wake County supports and promotes waste reduction activities for residents through a variety of means. In addition to providing information on their web site, several programs are in place to reduce the amount of waste landfilled. These include:
The on-line “Trash Takers” database listing numerous reuse and recycling options for various types of waste;
The Holiday Wrap-up Recycling Program which provides opportunities for residents to recycle Christmas trees, corrugated cardboard, chip board, holiday cards, magazines/catalogs, solid-bleached sulfate (SBS) board, and wrapping paper. The program also provides tips on source reduction around the holidays (Raleigh also provides an 8-page guide listing tips for reducing holiday waste); and
The Master Gardeners’ Program which offers backyard composting education through promotions and demonstrations.
Commercial, Institutional, and Industrial (CII) and C&D Waste Reduction Nearly all jurisdictions have taken steps to reduce in-house waste generation through increased use of electronic communication, promoting recycling in government offices, and other means. Wake County offers technical assistance to CII establishments in the following ways:
Identify recycling haulers;
Provide recommendations on self-waste assessments;
Assist with the design of a collection system; and
Award Commercial Waste Reduction Grants for businesses to start or expand their waste reduction and/or recycling program.
Since the last Plan Update, Raleigh has begun offering curbside recycling service within Raleigh’s Central Business District (CBD). More than 100 organizations have joined the “Downtown Raleigh Recycles” program.
In 2008, Wake County completed a C&D waste assessment that included a review of quantities generated, processing and disposal capacities, and recycling market attributes. The County intends to use this information to develop future intended actions and support management decisions related to C&D waste reduction.
4.1.2 Intended Actions Table 4-1 lists the intended actions established by the jurisdictions of Wake County to meet their goals pertaining to waste reduction. A summary of progress made toward actions specified in the previous Plan Update is included in Appendix D.
4.2 Collection 4.2.1 Current Activities Table 4-2 provides a summary of curbside collection services offered in Wake County for residential and commercial solid waste, recyclables, yard waste, and bulky waste.
Solid Waste Collection Collection frequencies, providers, and methods vary among the municipal jurisdictions, but there are many similarities. Three municipalities operate their own fleet of solid waste collection vehicles (Raleigh, Cary, and Fuquay-Varina). Two private firms, Waste Industries and Republic Services are under contract with the other nine municipalities to collect solid waste. In the unincorporated portions of Wake County, residents contract directly with private haulers if they desire curbside service. Alternatively, they can use one of the County’s 11 convenience centers or the South Wake Landfill (SWLF).
A survey of residential solid waste collection costs for Towns that use private firms was completed in 2008. Monthly solid waste collection costs range between $8.01 and $10.11 per residence (see Section
Section 4 Waste Management Reduction Programs
A 4-3
Document Code
5). In an effort to improve collection efficiency and control costs, most municipal and private fleets have either fully switched or begun transitioning to semi- or fully-automated collection using 96 gallon roll-out carts. Another method recently used to control costs is cooperative contracting. In FY 2008, several eastern Wake County towns began simultaneously and cooperatively negotiating with Waste Industries during renewal of their residential solid waste collection contracts as a means to control costs.
Franchising remains a viable option to consider in Wake County to provide a uniform service for residential recycling and trash collection in the unincorporated areas. Other benefits include the elimination of duplicate collection routes along County roads and in subdivisions (resulting in less
truck traffic and associated wear and tear on County roads and decreased air emissions) and reductions in the cost of collection. Other southeastern communities such as Montgomery, Baltimore, Howard, and Frederick Counties in Maryland and Gwinnett County, Georgia already established franchise areas or are making efforts to franchise collection services (see inset on page 4-5). One potential concern related to franchising is that some courts have ruled that once a local government establishes a franchise area, they can no longer specify the disposal destination of the waste collected in that area. In Wake County, this would open up the possibility of less waste being delivered to the County-owned SWLF, thereby potentially increasing the annual cost of disposal to the County and its’ municipal partners.
Table 4‐1. Waste Reduction ‐ Intended Actions Jurisdiction Intended Action
Cary 1. Begin to accept chipboard, junk mail, and phone books in curbside recycling program.
2. Investigate porcelain recycling.
3. Review expansion of recycling activities at Citizens Convenience Center.
4. Update comprehensive recycling plan to include parks and greenways.
5. Place the piloted Used Waste Cooking Oil Collection Program on the FY 2010 budget for Council approval.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Holly Springs 6. Continue dissemination of educational literature to residents regarding the new 48 gallon recycling containers.
7. Expand wood chipping program to reduce yard waste going into the landfill.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Knightdale 8. Increase use of electronic communication within Town to reduce paperwork; implement an electronic work order system that is field accessible.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Wake Forest 9. Pass a C&D ordinance.
10. Advertise "bottle law" for restaurants to increase participation.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Wake County 11. Continue to provide waste reduction information on County web site and encourage municipalities to establish links.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
All Jurisdictions 12. Work collectively to inform and encourage C&D contractors and land developers to reduce the generation of C&D debris and build incentives/disincentives into the permit application requirements.
Section 4 Waste Management and Reduction Programs
4-4 A
sec_4 draft.docx
Commercial W
aste
Jurisdiction
Freq
uency
Provider
Provider
Freq
uency
Provider
Freq
uency
Provider
Freq
uency
Provider
Apex
Weekly
Waste Ind.
Ope
n Market
Weekly
Waste Ind.
Weekly
Town
By Req
uest
Town
Cary
Weekly
Town
Ope
n Market
Weekly
Town
Weekly
Town
By Req
uest
Town
Fuqu
ay‐Varina
Weekly
Town
Waste Ind. & Tow
nEvery othe
r wk
Town
Weekly
Town
By Req
uest
Town
Garne
rWeekly
Repu
blic W
aste
Ope
n Market
Bi‐w
eekly
Repu
blic W
aste
Weekly
Repu
blic W
aste
Weekly & By Re
quest
Repu
blic W
aste
Holly Springs
Weekly
Waste Ind.
Repu
blic W
aste
Weekly
Waste Ind.
Weekly
Town
By Req
uest
Town
Knightdale
Weekly
Waste Ind.
Waste Ind.
Weekly
Waste Ind.
Weekly
Waste In
d.By
Req
uest
Town
Morrisville
Weekly
Waste Ind.
Waste Ind.
Weekly
Waste Ind.
Every othe
r wk
Waste In
d.By
Req
uest
Waste Ind.
Raleigh
Weekly
City
Ope
n Market
Weekly
City
Weekly
City
By Req
uest
City
City in CB D
Rolesville
Weekly
Waste Ind.
Waste Ind.
Weekly
Waste Ind.
Every othe
r wk
Wake Forest
By Req
uest
Waste Ind.
Wake Forest
Weekly
Repu
blic W
aste
Waste Ind.
Weekly
Repu
blic W
aste
Weekly
Town
Weekly
Repu
blic W
aste
Wende
llWeekly
Waste Ind.
Ope
n Market
Weekly
Waste Ind.
Every othe
r wk
Town
Weekly
Town
Zebu
lon
Weekly
Waste Ind.
Ope
n Market
Weekly
Waste Ind.
Every othe
r wk
Town
Weekly
Self
Wake Co
unty
Notes:
1 No adde
d fee for items up
to a certain size and/or weight.
2 Tow
n offers spe
cial bi‐ann
ual collection of bulky waste at n
o fee.
semi‐a
utom
ated/96‐ga
l cart
fully‐autom
ated
& m
anua
l
semi‐a
utom
ated/96‐ga
l cart
semi‐a
utom
ated/96‐ga
l cart
Curbside
Collection Services Provide
d in W
ake Co
unty Ju
risdiction
s
48‐gal cart
leaves collected
in season
fee‐ba
sed
2
fully‐autom
ated/96‐ga
l cart
18‐gal bin (swith
to 65‐ga
l in 20
09)
leaves collected
in season
fee‐ba
sed
35‐gal cart
leaves collected
in season
No ad
ded fee
semi‐a
utom
ated/72‐ga
l cart
96‐gal cart
fully‐autom
ated/96‐ga
l cart
fully & sem
i‐autom
ated/96‐ga
l cart
semi‐a
utom
ated/96‐ga
l cart
48‐gal cart
leaves collected
in season
No ad
ded fee1
Open Market
Ope
n Market
Ope
n Market
Open Market
Ope
n Market
semi‐a
utom
ated/96‐ga
l cart
48‐gal cart
leaves collected
in season
No ad
ded fee
48‐gal cart
leaves collected
in season
No ad
ded fee1
18‐gal bin
leaves collected
in season
No ad
ded fee1
18‐gal bin
leaves collected
in season
No ad
ded fee
18‐gal bin
leaves collected
in season
fee‐ba
sed
2
18‐gal bin
leaves collected
in season
No ad
ded fee1
48‐gal cart
leaves collected
in season
fee‐ba
sed
Reside
ntial W
aste
Recyclab
les
Yard W
aste
Bulky Waste
semi‐a
utom
ated/96‐ga
l cart
18‐gal bin
leaves collected
in season
fee‐ba
sed
Section 4 Waste Management Reduction Programs
A 4-5
Document Code
The majority of CII generated solid waste is collected by private haulers on the open market. In some instances, Town staff collect from small businesses or CII establishments self-haul to a disposal or transfer facility. The City of Raleigh collects solid waste in the CBD.
Wake County's Solid Waste Ordinance requires all persons, firms and corporations engaged in the collection of garbage, refuse, solid waste or recyclables in Wake County to obtain a Solid Waste Hauler's Privilege License. Currently, 65 companies are licensed haulers. The program helps to ensure a
certain levels and quality of service are provided to customers in Wake County. The County is in the process of updating its’ Solid Waste Ordinance as it relates to the licensing program with the goal of requiring an inspection of every hauler vehicle.
Recyclables Collection As noted in Table 4-2, many Wake County jurisdictions now use larger, 48-gallon recyclables carts and have switched to single-stream recycling. By moving from 18 gallon bins to the larger roll-out carts and offering single-stream collection, improvements in both collection efficiency and recycling rates are anticipated since more materials can be easily stored, brought to the curb, and emptied into an automated or semi-automated collection vehicle.
Yard Waste and Bulky Waste Collection Curbside yard waste collection service is offered in all municipalities on a weekly or every-other-week basis. Leaves are collected in season, and most offer curbside Christmas tree collection during the holidays. Two thirds of the municipalities use their own staff and equipment or contract with another municipality to collect their yard waste. Private firms maintain yard waste collection contracts in three towns. Bulky waste collection is offered in all municipalities on a weekly or by-request basis. Several municipalities also offer special collection events throughout the year.
4.2.2 Intended Actions Table 4-3 lists the intended actions established by
the jurisdictions of Wake County to meet their goals pertaining to collection. Consistent with what several municipalities have already done, many intended actions propose a move to semi- or fully-automated collection methods and the use of larger, roll-out carts for recycling. A summary of progress made toward actions specified in the previous Plan Update is included in Appendix D.
4.3 Recycling and Reuse 4.3.1 Residential Recycling The total tons of material recycled and waste
Franchising Solid Waste Collection Franchising solid waste collection services in unincorporated areas has received increased attention across the country in recent years. County governments have recognized a number of potential benefits to this approach for both the community and the service providers. Some of the community benefits include:
Improved customer service Uniform standards of service Flexibility to tailor services to meet needs Increased accountability of providers Reduced truck traffic Reduced wear and tear on roads Less noise and air pollution Less illegal dumping Cleaner neighborhoods Increased recycling participation Lower costs to citizens
Benefits to the service providers include:
Long term contracts (5‐10 years) provide guaranteed stable revenue
Reduced overhead (no sales staff needed and reduced/dense routes saves fuel and vehicle wear)
No bad debt to collect County contract can be used as collateral to finance new equipment
Wake County will continue to consider both the benefits and drawbacks of franchising solid waste collection in the unincorporated areas.
Section 4 Waste Management and Reduction Programs
4-6 A
sec_4 draft.docx
disposed by each jurisdiction’s residential sector during FY 2008 is shown in Table 4-4. Most jurisdictions have seen increases in both the amount and the percentage of waste recycled versus landfilled over the last three years. Countywide, 4,110 more tons were recycled in
2008. Almost 20 percent of waste was recycled (not including yard waste) – an increase of just over 4 percent compared to 2005.
The almost across-the-board increases in recycling can be attributed to several factors:
Table 4‐3. Collection ‐ Intended Actions
Jurisdiction Intended Action
Apex 1. Consider changing recycling collection service to include use of larger roll‐out carts.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Cary 2. Start automated recyclable collection every other week using a 65‐gal cart.
3. Initiate the Used Waste Cooking Oil Program (which includes curbside collection).
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Fuquay‐Varina 4. Consider changing recycling collection service to include use of larger roll‐out carts.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Garner 5. Re‐bid garbage and recyclables collection contract and consider semi‐ or fully‐automated methods for collection (including larger roll‐out carts for recycling).
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Holly Springs 6. Work with multi‐family residential complexes to maximize recycling potential with roll‐out containers.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Morrisville 7. Consider changing recycling collection service to include use of larger roll‐out carts.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Raleigh 8. Consider changing recycling collection service to include use of larger roll‐out carts.
9. Purchase and implement routing software and automatic vehicle locator system to optimize efficiency, control costs and reduce fuel consumption.
10. Pilot use of solar‐powered trash compactors to increase fuel efficiency in downtown garbage collection.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Rolesville 11. Use Town Staff to collect yard waste (service is currently provided by Wake Forest).
12. Consider changing recycling collection service to include use of larger roll‐out carts.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Zebulon 13. Rewrite ordinance for complexes to offer/improve collection at multi‐family and apartment complexes.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Wake County 14. Consider franchising residential solid waste and recyclables collection in unincorporated areas and providing both services to unincorporated households on automatic/fee basis.
15. Re‐assess the number, location, and services to be provided by convenience centers and multi‐material facilities based on the outcome of franchising investigations and revise operations accordingly.
16. In cooperation with municipalities, review and upgrade hauler licensing provisions and perform regular inspections.
Section 4 Waste Management Reduction Programs
A 4-7
Document Code
An increase in the types of materials collected curbside. One-half of the municipalities began accepting materials that were previously not accepted curbside, including cardboard, chipboard, junk mail, and certain types ofplastic. Table 4-5 lists the materials collected curbside by each jurisdiction.
Larger bins/carts. Several municipalities have switched to larger, roll-out carts which facilitate household recycling.
Increased public awareness. The “green” movement continues to raise public awareness of sustainability – one component of which is recycling. Many municipal web sites provide more information related to recycling now compared to three years ago.
In addition to curbside programs, seven jurisdictions operate drop-off centers that accept recyclable materials, as shown in Table 4-6. Over 22 percent of the residential recycling tonnage during
FY 2008 came from Wake County’s 11 convenience centers and two multi-material recycling facilities.
Annual totals of the type of materials recycled through the curbside and drop-off programs are shown in Figure 4-1. In the last three years, several jurisdictions have reported only total comingled tons of recyclables on their Solid Waste Management Annual Reports; therefore, the totals shown do not reflect the true actual material amounts. However, one trend that is apparent is the significant increase in cardboard. Several municipalities have recently added cardboard to their curbside recycling collection service.
Figure 4-2 shows the amount of recyclables and yard waste recovered annually in Wake County since FY 1995. As with the previous tables and figures, these amounts reflect materials recovered through residential programs only and do not account for materials recycled through commercial establishments or yard waste generated and recovered by commercial landscapers. While the
Apex 34,463 13,319 2,093 15.7% 2%
Cary 132,647 32,495 9,305 28.6% 8%
Fuquay‐Varina 15,000 5,586 853 15.3% 4%
Garner 25,429 7,205 908 12.6% 2%
Holly Springs 22,362 6,471 1,119 17.3% ‐3%
Knightdale 10,000 2,357 434 18.4% 3%
Morrisville 15,003 2,729 695 25.5% 13%
Raleigh 380,173 128,831 21,006 16.3% 5%
Rolesville 2,800 903 173 19.2% not available
Wake Forest 26,150 9,503 2,767 29.1% 15%
Wendell 5,742 2,093 262 12.5% 6%
Zebulon 4,781 3,602 153 4.2% 1%Wake County (unincorporated) 190,000 43,589 11,640 26.7% ‐1%
Overall 864,550 258,683 51,408 19.9% 4%
Source: FY2008 Solid Waste Management Annual Reports.
Waste disposed and tons recycled shown in the table reflects residential waste, and a small amount of commercial waste collected by municipalities.
Jurisdiction
Table 4‐4Waste Disposed and Recycled by Wake County Jurisdictions, FY 2008
2008 PopulationTons of Waste
DisposedTons Recycled
Percentage of Waste Recycled 2008
Change in Percent from 2005
Section 4 Waste Management and Reduction Programs
4-8 A
sec_4 draft.docx
JurisdictionONP OCC Chip OMG
Junk Mail/ OP
AL Steel Glass PB# 1‐2 PB# 3‐7Other
Apex
Cary6‐pack rings, drink boxes gable‐
top cartons; foil, computers (upon request)
Fuquay‐Varina6‐pack rings, drink boxes gable‐
top cartons; foil
Garnerdrink boxes gable‐top cartons; foil
Holly Springs
Knightdale
Morrisville
Raleigh
6‐pack rings, drink boxes gable‐top cartons; foil; computers (upon request); scrap metal; and corded
items with bulky materials.
Rolesville
Wake Forest6‐pack rings, drink boxes gable‐
top cartons; foilWendell
Zebulon
Wake County
Key:
ONP = Newspaper OCC = Cardboard Chip = Chipboard OMG = Magazines Glass = Glass containers
Junk Mail/OP = Junk mail/office paper Al = Aluminum cans Steel = Steel cans PB#1‐2 = Plastic bottles/jugs #1 and #2
PB#3‐7 = Plastic bottles #3‐7 = Not collected in 2005 but now collected
Service is available through private contractors
Table 4‐5Recyclables Collected through Residential Curbside Recycling Programs
Jurisdiction ONP OCC Chip OMGJunk Mail/
OPAL Steel Glass PB# 1‐2 PB# 3‐7 Other
Number of Sites
Apex Motor oil & electronics 1
CaryAppliances, flower pots, & yard
waste1
Garner 1
RaleighInk/toner cartridges & cell
phones1
Wake Forest 1
Wendell 2
Wake County
Appliances, batteries, computers/electronics, motor oil, & tires at multi material
facilities
13
Key:
ONP = Newspaper OCC = Cardboard Chip = Chipboard OMG = Magazines Glass = Glass containers
Junk Mail/OP = Junk mail/office paper Al = Aluminum cans Steel = Steel cans PB#1‐2 = Plastic bottles/jugs #1 and #2
PB#3‐7 = Plastic bottles #3‐7
Table 4‐6Recyclables Collected through Local Government Sponsored Drop‐Off Sites
Section 4 Waste Management Reduction Programs
A 4-9
Document Code
amount of recyclables recovered continues to rise on an annual basis, yard waste generation and recovery shows more variability due to storm events. Overall, approximately 120,000 tons of recyclables and yard waste were diverted from the landfill in each of the past two years through residential programs.
4.3.2 CII Recycling and Reuse Programs Jurisdictional-sponsored recycling programs that serve the CII sector include:
Wake County’s two multi-material recycling facilities accept several types of materials from business, including cardboard, computers, electronics, and scrap metal. The City of Raleigh allows businesses to use its’
seven recycling drop off centers.
The City of Raleigh currently offers free curbside recycling in the CBD. Paper, cardboard, chipboard, glass, and plastic are all accepted. The City has distributed 64-gallon carts and offers collection service four times a week. Over 100 businesses had joined the program as of the end of FY 2008.
Several municipalities allow certain small businesses to
participate in their residential curbside collection program.
Wake County’s “Feed the Bin” program offers recycling and environmental education opportunities to students of the WCPSS at over 150 school sites. The program focuses on paper recycling. During the 2007-2008 school year approximately 1.6 million pounds of mixed
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Tons of Re
cyclables
Figure 4‐1Materials Recovered from Curbside and Drop‐off Recycling Programs
Metals Plastics Glass ONP OCC
Other Paper Electronics Wood Waste White Goods
Some jurisdictions reported only comingled tonnages beginning in 2006, therefore material trends do not reflect actual totals.
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Tons
Figure 4‐2Recyclables and Yard Waste Recovered
Yard Waste Residential Recyclables Total Diverted from Landfill
Recyclables and yard waste amounts are primarily from residential sources.Yard waste does not include that recycled by commercial landscapers.
Section 4 Waste Management and Reduction Programs
4-10 A
sec_4 draft.docx
paper (12.4 lbs/student) were recycled.
Wake County offers free on-site waste assessments to businesses and assistance in establishing recycling programs. The County also awards Commercial Waste Reduction Grants and Recycling Container Grants for businesses to start or expand their waste reduction and/or recycling program.
CII establishments may participate in recycling by using one or more local haulers or recycling processors. Collection services for conventional recyclables are relatively available for both large and small establishments; however, small establishments are less likely to participate due to cost factors.
North Carolina State University, one of the largest institutions in Wake County, offers a comprehensive group of recycling programs aimed at faculty, staff, students, and visitors. These programs include:
A stadium recycling program called “WE Recycle” which recycled 22.6 tons of beverage containers disposed during 2007 home football games;
A GREEN environmental education program (Generating Residential Environmental Education Now) which encourages recycling by students living in residence hall;
An annual Pack-n-Go Sale and an office supplies giveway which divert recyclable and unwanted
materials from the trash. Proceeds from the sale of this materials supports the campus GREEN program;
North Carolina House Bill (HB) 1518, which became effective January 1, 2008, requires establishments with Alcoholic Beverage Control (ABC) permits to separate, store, and recycle all
recyclable beverage containers. HB 1465, which becomes effective October 1, 2009, prohibits the disposal of motor oil filters, rigid plastic containers, wooden pallets, and oyster shells in landfills. Businesses that generate these items will need to identify disposal alternatives, or in the case of
wooden pallets, they can place them in a C&D landfill in addition to recycling.
To discourage disposal of corrugated cardboard, waste loads that have more than 10 percent cardboard are required to pay a surcharge bringing the total tipping fee to $60 per ton at the SWLF and ETWS.
A significant opportunity exists to enhance county-wide recycling by increasing participation in the CII sector. Counties that have established mandatory recycling ordinances for businesses, including Mecklenburg, Durham, and Fairfax (Virginia), have reported gains in recycling (see inset on next page).
4.3.3 In-House Recycling Programs In 2008, a consultant hired by Wake County completed a waste composition for County-owned
Since its inception in 2004, more than 4 million pounds of paper have been recycled through the Feed the Bin program.
Raleigh offers curbside recycling collection four days a week for businesses in the CBD. (Photo ‐ City of Raleigh website)
Section 4 Waste Management Reduction Programs
A 4-11
Document Code
facilities. The study results indicated that Wake County has an effective government facility recycling program in place, but also revealed opportunities for improvement. Recommendations to improve recycling included: implementing a dual-stream recovery system; providing more education and technical assistance; expanding the materials accepted; right-sizing disposal containers; using competitive procurement for recycling services; and program tracking. Wake County will continue to evaluate recycling options with the goal of enhancing waste reduction from its facilities.
4.3.4 C&D Recycling and Reuse Wake County contracted with Gershman, Brickner, and Brattor (GBB) to assess C&D waste disposal and recycling in Wake County. The assessment, completed in 2008, found that the lack of landfill space is currently not a motivating factor to achieve
increases in C&D recycling. Many local options exist for C&D waste haulers to dispose their material. There is nearly 26 million tons of permitted capacity for C&D available in the area providing more than 50 years of disposal life. The study also noted that any regulatory action by Wake County regarding C&D recycling would lead to increased C&D waste management costs. Due to the variety of different C&D collection systems, transfer/processing plants, and newly licensed disposal sites, the current marketplace is highly competitive with several alternatives, which keeps disposal costs relatively low.
The amount of C&D waste recycled and landfilled is shown in Table 4-7. The amount of C&D waste landfilled has increased steadily in the past four years; however, C&D recycling in Wake County has dropped slightly since 2005.
4.3.5 Intended Actions Table 4-8 lists the intended actions established by the jurisdictions of Wake County to meet their goals pertaining to recycling and reuse. The list of intended actions includes increasing recycling opportunities for under-served sectors (such as multi-family housing units), increasing the types of materials collected, and continuing to evaluate the need for mandatory recycling. A summary of progress made toward actions specified in the previous Plan Update is included in Appendix D.
2003 53,755 316,122
2004 91,374 328,753
2005 99,833 431,615
2006 93,864 467,594
2007 89,403 486,571
Source: 2008 GB&B Wake County C&D Waste Assessment
Table 4‐7C&D Waste Landfilled and Recycled
Fiscal Year Recycled Landfilled
Mandatory Recycling Programs Some counties have improved waste reduction rates by establishing recycling ordinances. Some examples include:
Durham County, NC: In 1997 Durham passed an ordinance making it unlawful to place target recyclables in the garbage. The ordinance applies to all waste generators ‐ residential, commercial, and industrial. Target recyclables currently include: aluminum and steel cans, glass bottles and jars, newspaper, and corrugated cardboard.
Mecklenburg County, NC: Effective in 2002, Mecklenburg County established an ordinance that requires businesses that generate 16 cubic yards or greater of trash per week (with some exceptions) to recycle corrugated cardboard and office paper.
Fairfax County, VA: All non‐residential establish‐ments must recycle mixed paper and cardboard. Establishments that meet certain criteria (e.g., having an annual total waste stream of 100 tons or more) must also recycle metal, used motor oil, glass, aluminum/tin cans, cloth, plastic, clean wood, and yard waste.
Section 4 Waste Management and Reduction Programs
4-12 A
sec_4 draft.docx
Table 4‐8. Recycling and Reuse ‐ Intended Actions
Jurisdiction Intended Action
Apex 1. Consider scrap metal recycling for Town.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Cary 2. Begin to accept chipboard, junk mail, and phone books in curbside program.
3. Consider establishing a porcelain recycling program.
4. Initiate Used Waste Oil Cooking Program (curbside recycling of waste cooking oil).
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Fuquay‐Varina 5. Run an education campaign to recycle, with participation from Recycle America.
6. Consider establishing a mandatory recycling program.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Garner 7.Evaluate use of 65 gallon rollout carts for recycling instead of 18 gallon bins.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Holly Springs 8. Market wood chipping program product as cheap and easy landscaping material.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Morrisville 9. Strengthen ordinance for multi‐family recycling program and requirements.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Raleigh 10. Study feasibility of collecting cardboard from businesses.
11. Pilot pedestrian recycling containers in portions of Raleigh’s downtown.
12. Expand Recycling in the Parks program to all city parks.
13. Incorporate reused and recycled material into construction of new SWS facility.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Wake Forest 14. Implement a "swap shop" recycling program.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Wake County 15. Partner with municipalities to implement recycling at special events. The State Fair can be used as a guide to demonstrate large event recycling.
16. Continue to evaluate market conditions and demand for C&D materials and reevaluate benefit of C&D recycling ordinance if conditions warrant.
17. Explore recycling alternatives for wooden pallets in lieu of ban 10‐1‐2009 on landfill disposal.
18. Work with WCPSS to institutionalize collection of mixed paper in local schools and to obtain greater involvement of WCPSS schools in recycling.
19. Update the County’s website to increase information available discussing CII recycling options.
20. Re‐assess the number, location, and services to be provided by convenience centers, material recycling facilities, and other current or proposed waste management facilities.
21. Initiate advertisement and promotional programs to capture a greater market share of recyclable materials at convenience centers and multi‐material recycling centers and continue to evaluate recycling market development opportunities.
22. Working with Cary and Fuquay‐Varina, evaluate consolidation of their single stream recycling at the South Wake Transfer Station.
23. Evaluate cardboard scavenging from loads dumped at the East Wake Transfer Station.
Section 4 Waste Management Reduction Programs
A 4-13
Document Code
4.4 Composting and Mulching 4.4.1 Current Activities As shown in Table 4-2, all jurisdictions offer curbside yard waste collection on a weekly or every-other-week basis. The amounts collected and processed, the end-use, and the destination of the yard waste is shown in Table 4-9.
Three municipal programs currently process yard waste and offer it back to citizens. Zebulon and Knightdale offer it back free of charge to Town residents. The City of Raleigh offers mulch,
compost, and wood chips for sale to the general public and businesses. Nearly one-half of the total amount of yard waste collected in Wake County is processed by the City of Raleigh and sold back for beneficial reuse.
Wake County continues to consider alternatives for food waste disposal. The 1999 solid waste characterization study indicated that food waste comprised over 12 percent of the total waste stream. Fats, oils, and greases (FOG) are a component of food waste that, when improperly
Table 4‐8 (continued). Recycling and Reuse ‐ Intended Actions
Jurisdiction Intended Action
Wake County 24. Evaluate feasibility of re‐directing dry loads (paper, cardboard, plastics) arriving at the South Wake Landfill to the South Wake Transfer Station for recycling.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
All Jurisdictions 25. Consider offering recycling collection services to multi‐family units. Raleigh’s existing multi‐family program can be used as a guide.
Apex 3,952 Landfilled Hwy 55 LCID
Cary 11,703 Composted/Mulched McGill Environmental/Novozymes
Fuquay‐Varina 11,064 Landfilled or to Farmer Bryant Landfill and Farmer
Garner 1,561 Mulched and/or Landfilled Shotwell: Buffaloe
Holly Springs 2,259 Mulched and/or Landfilled Private facility
Knightdale 103 Mulched* and/or Landfilled JD&L and Landfill
Morrisville 189 Landfilled Fogleman Landfill (Durham)
Raleigh 31,924 Composted/Mulched* City Compost Facility
Rolesville not available Composted and/or Landfilled Rowland Landfill/Novozymes
Wake Forest 2,838 Composted and/or Landfilled Rowland Landfill/Novozymes
Wendell 1,147 Farmer 450 Lake Glade Rd
Zebulon 1,200 Mulched* Town Yard Waste Facility
Total 67,940
Source: FY2008 Solid Waste Management Annual Reports
* Mulch is sold (Raleigh) or given to Town residents free of charge (Knightdale and Zebulon).
Table 4‐9Municipal Yard Waste Program Summary, FY 2008
DestinationEnd UseTons ProcessedJurisdiction
Section 4 Waste Management and Reduction Programs
4-14 A
sec_4 draft.docx
disposed down drains clog sewer lines and cause backups. The Town of Cary recently launched a pilot program that provides curbside pickup of used cooking oil and grease. Residents were given the opportunity to dispose of grease by scheduling a pickup. A minimum half-gallon of oils and grease were required prior to collection. The Town intends to produce bio-fuel from the collected cooking oil and will be used locally as an alternative to petroleum fuels.
Through grants, Wake County has funded several food waste composting programs and will continue to do so to promote food waste composting and reduce the impacts FOG. In 2007, Wake County provided grant funding to Whole Foods to start a food waste collection program and the Inter-Faith Food Shuttle to support a reusable food products program.
4.4.2 Intended Actions Table 4-10 lists the intended actions established by the jurisdictions of Wake County to meet their goals pertaining to composting and mulching. A summary of progress made toward actions specified in the previous Plan Update is included in Appendix D.
4.5 Incineration 4.5.1 Current Activities In 2002 Wake County evaluated the feasibility of waste-to-energy (WTE) incineration. The assessment determined that while WTE was technically feasible, it would result in significantly higher costs compared to all other existing alternatives. It was also determined that regional cooperation would be necessary to establish a sufficient waste stream.
Table 4‐10. Composting and Mulching ‐ Intended Actions
Jurisdiction Intended Action
Cary 1. Continue to ID compost/mulch end‐users and facilities to accept yard waste.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Garner 2. Evaluate the use of Town crews to collect yard waste.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Holly Springs 3. Complete construction of Town mulching facility.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Morrisville 4. Purchase vac‐truck to use for in‐house yard waste program.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Raleigh 5. Begin offering painted/decorative woodchips for sale at Yard Waste Center.
6. Explore feasibility of offering delivery of yard waste products.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Rolesville 7. Provide more education on composting/mulching opportunities.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Wake Forest 8. Provide drop‐off facility for composting.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Wake County 9. Evaluate locating a biomass facility at the South Wake Landfill or a yard waste transfer and/or processing facility at the South Wake Multi‐Material Recycling Facility or potential “Supercenter” site.
10. Partner with the municipal jurisdictions to educate the public about fats, oils, and greases (FOG) causing sewer blockages and restrictions and promote alternatives to placing the material down the drain.
Section 4 Waste Management Reduction Programs
A 4-15
Document Code
In 2004, Wake County further opened the door for the possibility of alternative disposal options, including incineration, when they released a Request for Expressions of Interest for MSW Waste Disposal. No interest from the private sector was identified as only firms interested in managing Wake County’s waste stream through landfilling options responded.
Nevertheless, Wake County continues to consider WTE as a potential method of waste disposal once the SWLF reaches capacity. Because of the potentially long lead time associated with identifying a sufficient waste stream, siting, designing, permitting, negotiating an energy contract, procurement, financing, constructing, and startup testing of a WTE facility, this option deserves thorough consideration well in advance of when it’s actually needed. Current estimates are in the range of five to seven years – and potentially greater, depending a variety of factors. While a WTE plant would most likely not be needed during the next ten year planning period, continued consideration is warranted.
4.5.2 Intended Actions Table 4-11 lists the intended actions established by the jurisdictions of Wake County to meet their goals pertaining to incineration. A summary of progress made toward actions specified in the
previous Plan Update is included in Appendix D.
4.6 Waste Transfer 4.6.1 Current Activities In FY 2006, approximately 32 percent (340,295 tons) of the MSW disposed in a landfill was first delivered to one of five state-permitted transfer stations operating in Wake County. With the closing of the North Wake Landfill (NWLF) and the opening of the SWLF in 2008, the movement of waste within and out of Wake County has shifted, and the amount of waste transferred has changed.
To facilitate delivery of waste from the northern and eastern parts of Wake County, the City of Raleigh constructed the East Wake Transfer Station (EWTS), which became operational shortly after the opening of the SWLF. Wake County has entered into an inter-local agreement with the City to manage the facility. Calendar year 2008 tonnage reports at the EWTS and SWLF indicate that 50 percent of the waste disposed at the landfill was routed through the ETWS. It is anticipated that fewer tons of municipal waste will be transferred out of the County since Cary’s waste is now sent to the SWLF and not Waste Industries’ regional landfill in Sampson County.
As noted in Table 4-8, Wake County is intending to work with Cary and Fuquay-Varina to evaluate the consolidation of their single stream recycling at the South Wake Transfer Station (SWTS). At the EWTS,
Table 4‐11. Incineration ‐ Intended Actions
Jurisdiction Intended Action
Wake County 1. Continue to monitor regional discussions regarding use of waste‐to‐energy and other processing and disposal methods to serve the Triangle region in future years.
2. Investigate lead‐time, permitting issues, economics, and other factors of constructing a waste‐to‐energy facility as a means of disposal after the South Wake Landfill reaches capacity.
Approximately 50 percent of the waste delivered to the SWLF is hauled from the new EWTS located in Raleigh’s east side. (Photo ‐ City of Raleigh website)
Section 4 Waste Management and Reduction Programs
4-16 A
sec_4 draft.docx
Wake County and the City of Raleigh have received permission from the State to scavenge corrugated cardboard from dry waste loads for recycling.
4.6.2 Intended Actions Table 4-12 lists the intended actions established by the jurisdictions of Wake County to meet their goals pertaining to waste transfer. A summary of progress made toward actions specified in the previous Plan Update is included in Appendix D.
4.7 Disposal As of January 2008, there were eight permitted and active disposal facilities in Wake County including one MSW landfill, four C&D landfills, and three LCID landfills. Table 4-13 lists these disposal facilities and their locations.
4.7.1 MSW Disposal 2008 marked a transition for in-County MSW waste disposal. The NWLF reached capacity and stopped accepting waste in May of 2008. On February 7, 2008, the SWLF began accepting waste. The SWLF is projected to provide between 20 and 25 years of disposal capacity. It is permitted to only accept waste that is generated from inside Wake County.
The opening of the SWLF marked the culmination of 18 years of siting, planning, designing, permitting, and constructing – interrupted by a thorough re-evaluation of whether development of a new in-county landfill was the best waste disposal alternative for the citizens of Wake County. During the planning and development process, the County partnered with the local
municipal jurisdictions, eventually developing an inter-local agreement (the ILA) establishing the “South Wake Landfill Partnership” and solidifying the landfill development, operation, and use as a joint undertaking. By creating the ILA, the jurisdictions agreed to pool their residential MSW waste streams for disposal at the SWLF in return for improved economy and predictability in waste disposal costs. Eleven of the twelve jurisdictions and Wake County are partners in the ILA. The ILA was later amended to include the EWTS. A copy of the ILA is included in Appendix C.
Figure 4-3 shows the amount of Wake County-generated MSW disposed at in-County, out-of-County, and out-of-State facilities for FY 2000 through 2006, based on County disposal reports provided by the State. At the end of calendar year 2008, Wake County reported 140,762 tons were disposed at the NWLF and 331,073 tons were
Table 4‐12. Waste Transfer ‐ Intended Actions
Jurisdiction Intended Action
Cary 1. Test direct hauls to South Wake Landfill and evaluate the possibility of closing the transfer station.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Wake County 2. In cooperation with municipalities, evaluate the need for additional transfer stations (or modifications to existing ones) based on waste flow and the location of future waste management sites.
With the opening of the SWLF in 2008, Wake County has secured a long‐term and affordable disposal option for the citizens of Wake County.
Section 4 Waste Management Reduction Programs
A 4-17
Document Code
disposed at the SWLF during the year. The total in-County MSW disposal for calendar year 2008 was therefore 471,835 tons.
4.7.2 C&D Disposal There are currently four permitted and active C&D landfills in Wake County and one mixed waste processing (MWP) center. Most of the C&D waste generated in Wake County is either disposed in one of the four in-County C&D landfills or is recycled. Approximately 5 to 7 percent of Wake County-generated C&D waste is disposed in one of three out-of-County C&D landfills.
According to the GBB study completed in early 2008, the annual C&D disposal capacity requirement is estimated to be 470,000 tons per year, assuming the current 16 to 17 percent reuse/recycling rates remain constant. Based on this, the study offered the following conclusions regarding C&D disposal capacity:
If the total In-County C&D capacity was assumed used entirely by Wake County, the 32.2 million tons of projected C&D landfill capacity would last more than 68 years;
If total in-County capacity is used at a 75 percent level by Wake County, the useful life would be 51 years; and
If Wake County C&D recycling increased to 30 percent and Wake County used 75 percent of projected capacity, the useful life, at a nominal 400,000 tons per year of disposal requirement, would be 60 years.
Figure 4-4 shows the amount of C&D waste from Wake County sources that was distinguished from
Waste Permit # Facility Address City
MSW 9222‐MSWLF‐2008 South Wake MSW Landfill 6300 Old Smithfield Road Apex
CD 9226‐CDLF‐2001 Shotwell Landfill, Inc. 4724 Smithfield Road Wendell
CD 9228‐CDLF‐2001 Red Rock Disposal, LLC 7130 New Landfill Drive Holly Springs
CD 9230‐CDLF‐ Hwy 55 C&D Landfill, LLC 5940 Old Smithfield Road Apex
CD 9231‐CDLF‐ Material Recovery/Brownfield Rd 2600 Brownfield Road Raleigh
LCID 92M‐LCID‐ Rowland Demo Landfill 3000 Gresham Lake Road Raleigh
LCID 92N‐LCID‐1986 Currin Brothers Landfill SUNSET LAKE / S.R. 1301 Fuquay‐Varina
LCID 9223TP‐TP‐ Buffalo Wood Recycling Facility 5525 Wake Academy Drive Raleigh
Source: NCDENR facility list by County at http://wastenot.enr.state.nc.us/sw/swfacilitylist.asp
Table 4‐13Permitted Active Disposal Facilities in Wake County
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Tons
Figure 4‐3Tons of Wake County‐Generated MSW Disposed
Wake County LF Out of County Out of State Total
Section 4 Waste Management and Reduction Programs
4-18 A
sec_4 draft.docx
other MSW and disposed or recycled for FY 2003 through 2007.
4.7.3 LCID Disposal North Carolina solid waste regulations preclude disposal of LCID, including yard waste, in sanitary landfills. Management and disposal options for LCID include processing at compost/yard waste facilities or placement in LCID or C&D landfills. There are currently three permitted and active LCID landfills in Wake County.
As shown in Table 4-9, the municipalities reported collection of 67,940 tons of yard waste in FY 2008. Less than 20 percent of the residential yard waste was landfilled. It is unclear how much yard waste and vegetative matter from site clearing ended up in Wake County LCID landfills since the State does not track this information.
4.7.4 Intended Actions Most of the goals established in the previous Plan Update pertained to partnering to identify and secure a long-term disposal option for the citizens of Wake County. With the opening of the SWLF, these goals have largely been met. A summary of progress made toward actions specified in the previous Plan Update is included in Appendix D.
Table 4-14 lists the new intended actions established by the jurisdictions of Wake County to meet their goals pertaining to waste disposal. Since sufficient disposal capacity has been secured for at least the next ten years (barring any unforeseen circumstances), the new goals pertain to other facets of disposal such as using new methods and technologies to maximize airspace usage and generating new revenue streams from landfill operations to help control disposal costs.
4.8 Education 4.8.1 Current Activities The Wake County jurisdictions have long understood the importance and impact of solid waste-related education and outreach activities. Recycling, in particular, requires frequent, clear, and concise instructions to effect long-term participation and build familiarity with the ever increasing types of recyclable materials. Table 4-15 depicts the current education activities of the Wake County jurisdictions.
Education for Residents All Wake County jurisdictions use their web sites to convey information regarding basic solid waste services including pickup schedules, procedures, acceptable materials, special waste pickups, fees, and contact information. Approximately half of the jurisdictions offer a more comprehensive selection such as information on reuse, tips on generating less waste, and the location of public and privately operated sites to recycle or dispose special waste items.Wake County has tailored its recycling and solid waste web site to inform residents, businesses, and schools about a variety of solid waste issues. For residents, the County provides information on seasonal recycling opportunities such as the Holiday Wrap-up Recycling Program
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Tons
Figure 4‐4Wake County C&D Waste Disposed
Disposal in‐County Disposal Out‐of‐CountyRecycled Total
Section 4 Waste Management Reduction Programs
A 4-19
Document Code
Table 4‐14. Waste Disposal ‐ Intended Actions
Jurisdiction Intended Action
Morrisville 1. Develop alternatives for yard waste disposal.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Wake County 2. Continue to evaluate long‐term disposal capacity and alternatives in light of variations in waste generation rates.
3. Renegotiate gas rights contract with gas developer at North Wake Landfill.
4. Consider applying for a permit modification to implement leachate recirculation at the NWLF.
5. Evaluate the feasibility of selling credits associated with greenhouse gas destruction at the Feltonsville Landfill.
6. Implement beneficial reuse of methane gas at the SWLF.
7. Consider applying for a permit modification to allow disposal of municipal sludge at the SWLF to increase methane gas production.
8. Consider applying for a permit modification to allow implementation of leachate recirculation and bio‐reactor technology at the SWLF.
9. Evaluate the use of shredder technology at the EWTS and/or SWLF to improve methane gas production and increase the solid waste compaction rate.
10. Consider applying for a permit modification to increase side slopes at the SWLF, thereby increasing disposal capacity.
11. Consider petitioning the State to allow for food waste and yard waste to be added to the closed Feltonsville Landfill to create methane gas and a marketable compost material.
Basic Comprehensive
Apex
Cary
Fuquay‐Varina
Garner
Holly Springs
Knightdale
Morrisville
Raleigh
Rolesville
Wake Forest
Wendell
Zebulon
Wake County
Source: 2008 Annual Reports submitted to NC DENR and information from municipal web sites.
Table 4‐15Education Efforts Undertaken By Wake County Jurisdictions
Recycle Guys
Workshops EventsWebsite
Jurisdiction SchoolRadio/ TV
NewspaperMail/News‐
letter
Take‐Home Items
Hotline
Section 4 Waste Management and Reduction Programs
4-20 A
sec_4 draft.docx
and the Telephone Book Recycling Program. Through both a print brochure and web site table, the County offers a recycling guide offering facility locations and acceptable material lists. Most municipal jurisdictions have established links to Wake County’s web site as a means of providing a consistent and clear message for disposal and recycling opportunities available to all citizens of the County.
The City of Raleigh has developed a very comprehensive web site offering information to residents about all facets of its solid waste services and programs. In addition to the web site, the City uses a variety of other forms of education. Solid Waste Services staff are available to speak to schools, civic groups, neighborhood associations or Scout troops about solid waste issues. Presentations on recycling, backyard composting and vermicomposting are available. Staff members welcome the opportunity to participate in school science fairs, career days and Earth Day events. In addition, the specialists provide literature or advice to Girl and Boy Scouts working on environmental badges. Eleven of the thirteen jurisdiction mail newsletters or periodically include information on solid waste disposal and recycling in utility bills and seven of thirteen prepare newspaper inserts or advertisements to inform the public about collection schedules and other events.
Education for CII Establishments As discussed under the recycling planning element, Wake County offers free on-site waste assessments to businesses and provides assistance in establishing recycling programs. The County also provides information specifically tailored to businesses on its web site. Some examples of the other CII sector outreach activities conducted by Wake County and/or the municipalities have included:
Formation of special task groups, including the Food Waste Task Group and C&D Task Group, which have helped generators of these specific
wastes become aware of waste reduction methods and alternatives to disposal;
Sponsoring the “Go Green. Save Green” business recycling workshop for local businesses to network and learn how to cut waste and costs;
Educating target groups generating large amounts of old newspapers about recycling opportunities; and
Distributing flyers in Spanish and English on used motor oil recycling to repair shops.
As Wake County does not have an ordinance requiring recycling of certain materials by the CII sector, education and outreach activities geared toward this sector are critical to improve on the overall recycling rate in Wake County.
Education for Schools Education for schools has been delivered through Wake County’s school recycling program, Feed the Bin (FTB). The program includes an environmental stewardship education component to promote waste reduction, recycling, and other desired behaviors. The approach is to use the practical experience of recycling at schools to reinforce the learning of environmental topics, including those that are reflected in Wake County’s Environmental Stewardship Agenda.
The FTB program is executed and promoted through newsletters geared to different grade levels; curriculum workshops held for teachers and administrators; lesson plans, games, and activities offered via the County web site; and a FTB poster as well as other means.
The municipalities of Wake County also recognize the importance of rewarding positive behaviors with regard to recycling, littering, and other aspects at an early age. Several, including Raleigh, Cary, Apex, and Zebulon have also participated in or supported school education programs.
Section 4 Waste Management Reduction Programs
A 4-21
Document Code
4.8.2 Intended Actions Table 4-16 lists the intended actions established by the jurisdictions of Wake County to meet their goals pertaining to education and outreach. A summary of progress made toward actions specified in the previous Plan Update is included in Appendix D.
4.9 Special Wastes 4.9.1 Current Activities Special waste management focuses on items that are problematic to dispose and or not suitable for landfill disposal. They include household hazardous waste (HHW), white goods, tires, used motor oil, antifreeze, lead acid batteries, and electronics (e-waste).
Table 4‐16. Education and Outreach ‐ Intended Actions
Jurisdiction Intended Action
Apex 1.Establish a designated person to manage and implement education and outreach.
2. Develop a Green Zone area to be integrated with the annual PeakFest.
3. Provide nature park expansion and class.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Cary 4. Improve and expand information available on the Town’s web site.
5. Focus education efforts on low participation areas (for recycling).
6. Conduct a waste characterization and provide results to Town residents.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Fuquay‐Varina 7. Run a recycling education campaign with participation from Recycle America.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Garner 8. Educate public about waste reduction on the planned local access channel.
9. Educate public about automated collection, should the Town switch to that method.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Holly Springs 10. Work with Waste Industries to create insert fliers for resident utility bills in an effort to remind citizens what types of materials can be recycled and the benefits of participating.
11. Post website announcements of upcoming events like household hazardous waste collection days at the SWLF.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Morrisville 12. Participate with League of Municipalities Green Program.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Raleigh 13. Work with Curbside Value Partnership, local colleges and other partners to target recycling education to low‐participation areas.
14. Produce quarterly programming for local public‐access station, beginning January 2009.
15. Redesign website as part of citywide shift to web portal.
16. Update all print publications.
17. Design exhibits and programming for the new Solid Waste Services facility.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Wake County 18. Use various means to educate the public about Wake County facilities that can be used to dispose or recycle special wastes (including household hazardous waste), recyclable materials, and other waste types.
Section 4 Waste Management and Reduction Programs
4-22 A
sec_4 draft.docx
Household Hazardous Waste HHW is currently accepted at the County’s two multi-materials recycling facilities twice a month (one Saturday per month, per facility). Ecoflow, Inc., a hazardous waste management firm, is under contract to accept, remove, and dispose of the HHW. During FY 2008, Wake County collected 471 tons of HHW at a cost of $444,540. Materials accepted include: acids/bases, batteries, cooking oil, drain openers, dry chemical fire extinguishers, fluorescent bulbs, paints, solvents, pesticides/herbicides, mercury thermometers, and others.
In 2008, Wake County conducted a pilot study to determine if extending the number of days per month for HHW collection would increase participation and the amount of HHW collected. Each Saturday during November and December, HHW was accepted at both the multi-material recycling facilities. Following completion of the pilot, the data revealed a 117 percent increase in participation of customers at both facilities, when compared to the same period of the prior year. More significantly, the amount of HHW collected during the pilot program increased by 142 percent and the pounds collected per participant increased by 11 percent. Wake County will weigh this data with the associated cost to increase HHW collection services prior to making a decision regarding expansion of the HHW collection program.
White Goods All of Wake County’s municipalities offer white goods collection either directly or through their contracted hauler. Four provide this service on a weekly basis while the rest offer by-request service
and/or special seasonal collection events. Five of seven charge a special fee for by-request collection.
During FY 2008, Wake County was able to recover 1,130 tons of white goods that were brought to its multi-material recycling facilities by the jurisdictions, their contract haulers, and others.
Tires Wake County accepts waste tires from all County residents at the multi-material recycling facilities. There is no fee for passenger car or lightweight truck tires generated in-state. CII-generators can deliver up to five waste tires to the facilities if they provide a tire identification number and certification form. During FY 2008, 13,180 tons of tires were collected at a cost of $885,962. Most of this amount was reimbursed by the State. Tires delivered to the multi-material recycling facility were disposed at the Central Carolina Tire Monofill in Cameron, North Carolina.
Several municipalities offer curbside collection of a limited number of tires during special cleanup events.
Used Motor Oil and Antifreeze Used motor oil and antifreeze are accepted at the multi-material recycling facilities and during the HHW collection events. During FY 2008, 25,223 gallons of used oil and 500 gallons of antifreeze were accepted by Wake County. Several municipalities also offer used oil drop-off or special collection services. Apex residents may dispose of up to 2 gallons of used oil per week at the Apex Public Works Department. Cary residents may request curbside pickup for up to five gallons. Both services are offered free of charge. During FY 2008,
Wake County’s two multi‐material recycling facilities offer residents and businesses the opportunity to safely dispose of a variety of special wastes including electronics, used motor oil, lead‐acid batteries, tires, and household hazardous waste.
Section 4 Waste Management Reduction Programs
A 4-23
Document Code
Apex collected 2,115 gallons of oil from residents and Cary collected 1,820 gallons.
Batteries Lead-acid batteries are accepted at the multi-material recycling facilities and during the HHW collection events. During FY 2008, 1,752 lead-acid batteries were accepted by Wake County. The City of Raleigh’s "Charge Up to Recycle" program allows residents to drop off rechargeable batteries for recycling at any of the City’s twenty-seven fire stations and several administrative offices.
e-Waste Collection, disposal, and recycling of electronics such as computers and televisions is discussed in
Section 4.13.
4.9.2 Intended Actions Table 4-17 lists the intended actions established by the jurisdictions of Wake County to meet their goals pertaining to management of special wastes. A summary of progress made toward actions specified in the previous Plan Update is included in Appendix D.
4.10 Illegal Disposal/Litter 4.10.1 Current Activities Curbside solid waste services are available to 78 percent of Wake County’s residents. The other 22 percent have access to the 11 convenience centers and 2 multi-material recycling facilities to drop-off
Table 4‐17. Special Wastes ‐ Intended Actions
Jurisdiction Intended Action
Cary 1. Offer a twice a year HHW/special waste drop‐off event.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Holly Springs 2. Post website announcements of upcoming events like HHW collection days at the SWLF.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Knightdale 3. Expand the HHW services offered to citizens.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Morrisville 4. Considering a program to pickup HHW (oil specifically).
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Raleigh 5. Support Wake County‐led effort to educate residents about proper disposal of pharmaceuticals.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Rolesville 6. Promote special waste management options.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Wake Forest 7. Provide a drop‐off site for oil.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Wake County 8. Reevaluate services to be provided by convenience centers, including collection of additional types of special wastes.
9. Evaluate alternative recycle and disposal options for used tires.
10. Collect anti‐freeze and used oil from General Services Administration (GSA) fleet.
11. Collect surplus computers and monitors from GSA and Information Services Department.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
All Jurisdictions 12. Consider feasibility of adding curbside collection of additional special wastes, either directly or through contract negotiations.
13. Promote and maximize special wastes that are already collected.
Section 4 Waste Management and Reduction Programs
4-24 A
sec_4 draft.docx
refuse, recyclables, and special wastes. Together, the curbside and drop-off opportunities help reduce the amount of illegal dumping and littering in the County.
Unfortunately, litter and illegal dumping still occurs and in response, the local jurisdictions have taken actions to better understand and prevent these activities from recurring and have initiated efforts to clean-up after they occur. Some the current programs addressing litter and illegal dumping include:
NC DOT Adopt-A-Highway
NC DOT Litter Sweep
NC DOC Inmate Crews
NC DOC Maintenance Crews
Neuse River Cleanup
North Carolina Big Sweep
Wake County Solid Waste Facility Contracts
Within Wake County, NC DOT collects litter from 811 miles of roads and NC DOC collects from 183 miles (with 91 overlapping miles).
Wake County recently reassessed it’s Roadside Litter Program and developed recommendations covering potential (1) evaluation, (2) outreach, (3) infrastructure, (4) enforcement, and (4) clean-up activities. Some of these recommendations are listed below.
Evaluation. Tracking clean-up program tonnages, conducting a community attitude survey, and establishing a litter index to track how quickly litter accumulates and overall progress toward reducing litter.
Outreach. Developing a social marketing campaign targeting roadside litter and expanding anti-litter education in the public schools.
Infrastructure. Placing anti-litter signs along highways and heavily littered roads and installing disposal containers in parking lots, drive through restaurants and designated smoking areas.
Enforcement. Conduct workshops for law enforcement officers to review litter statutes and discuss successful enforcement cases; develop an incentive based enforcement program similar to the “Click it or Ticket” program utilized by the State Highway Patrol; increase enforcement by Environment Services Staff working at the SWLF scalehouse and conduct annual inspections of hauler vehicles; and create an environmental court to address non-compliance with general environmental codes
Clean-up. Improve the Adopt-A-Highway Program; Launch a public school volunteer cleanup program; and utilize the community services work program to establish litter pickup events.
Wake County intends to review and implement many of these recommendations as part of its’ “Don’t Leave Litter in Your Wake!” anti-littering campaign.
The City of Raleigh and certain other municipalities also support and offer litter prevention, reduction, and clean-up programs. The City’s “Don’t Trash Raleigh” program encourages members of civic clubs, churches, businesses, schools or any group or individual to collect litter along the City’s rights-of-way and parks. By registering their litter collection effort with the City, groups are presented with a “Raleigh Good Guys” certificate at a city council meeting. The anti-litter campaign also is the city’s effort to remind or re-educate citizens to be personal “good guys” by disposing of their trash properly, discouraging others from littering and picking-up and properly disposing of others’ litter, either as a part of an organizational effort or as an individual.
Section 4 Waste Management Reduction Programs
A 4-25
Document Code
Many municipalities, including Cary and Morrisville, support, promote and organize groups to participate in the North Carolina Big Sweep events and other seasonal or annual events. Committees, such as Morrisville’s Community Appearance Committee routinely tackle litter issues.
4.10.2 Intended Actions Table 4-18 lists the intended actions established by the jurisdictions of Wake County to meet their goals pertaining to illegal disposal and litter. A summary of progress made toward actions specified in the previous Plan Update is included in Appendix D.
4.11 Purchasing Recycled Products 4.11.1 Current Activities As the Town of Cary web site suggests, “If you
aren’t buying recycled, you really aren’t recycling”. Many of the local governments in Wake County adopted this philosophy and have established programs or policies encouraging or requiring government agencies to purchase recycled products. Jurisdictions with programs or policies in place include Cary, Garner, Morrisville, Raleigh, Wendell, Zebulon, and Wake County. Several examples include:
The Town of Cary has developed a web page promoting recycled products purchasing. The web page discusses the important of buying recycled products, dispels common myths about the quality and cost of recycled products, and provides links to lists of companies that offer recycled products for sale.
In 2003, the City of Raleigh established a management policy emphasizing the purchase
Table 4‐18. Illegal Disposal/Litter ‐ Intended Actions
Jurisdiction Intended Action
Apex 1. Participate in Gov's State‐wide Litter Sweep (bi‐annual).
2. Support the Adopt‐a‐Site Program (a Town Council Initiative).
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Garner 3. Hold two bi‐annual litter sweeps in conjunction with Governor’s Litter Proclamation and Big Sweep waterway clean‐up.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Holly Springs 4. Continue promoting a twice a year litter clean‐up day.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Knightdale 5. Offer more education about litter and enhancing the community appearance.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Morrisville 6. Offer public education for the Adopt‐A‐Road program.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Raleigh 7. Work with Community Services Department to implement a volunteer‐based Adopt‐a‐Street program for high‐litter areas.
8. Work with city‐wide enterprise resource‐planning process to try and recover costs associated with illegal dumping cleanup.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Wake Forest 9. Continue to expand education; use bill stuffers. ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Wake County 10. Implement the “Don’t Leave Litter in Your Wake!” anti‐littering campaign.
Section 4 Waste Management and Reduction Programs
4-26 A
sec_4 draft.docx
of recycled products by City departments and their staff. More recently, they have proposed in the latest Comprehensive Plan Update to “enact a Sustainable Purchasing Policy for the City of Raleigh and its contractors; expand on current policy by including specific goals for toxic pollution reduction, recycled content products, energy and water savings, green building construction and renovation, landscaping, forest conservation, and agricultural bio-based products.”
As far back as 1992, the Board of County Commissioners developed a resolution establishing a recycled materials procurement policy.
4.11.2 Intended Actions Table 4-19 lists the intended actions established by the jurisdictions of Wake County to meet their goals pertaining to purchasing recycled products. A summary of progress made toward actions specified in the previous Plan Update is included in Appendix D.
4.12 Disaster Response 4.12.1 Current Activities Most of the jurisdictions in Wake County have developed disaster response plans which include provisions for dealing with disaster-generated debris. A summary of the local governments planning efforts is provided in Appendix E.
Wake County is in the process of updating its’ disaster response plan to take advantage of a Federal Emergency Management Administration (FEMA) pilot program that enhances the normal reimbursement allowed under the Public Assistance (PA) Program. The enhancements include:
Grants can be provided on the basis of estimates;
The federal cost-share of 75 percent can be increased to 80 percent to those agencies having a FEMA-approved debris management plan and at least two pre-qualified debris and wreckage removal contractors identified prior to a disaster.
Applicants may retain any revenue from the sale of disaster debris for recycling; and
Regular time salaries can be reimbursed as well as overtime salaries for debris-related activities. Under the regular PA program, regular salaries are not allowed for reimbursement.
To comply with this pilot program Wake County is finalizing its revised disaster response/debris management plan and will seek FEMA approval of the plan. The County has established pre-positioning contracts with an engineering firm for monitoring debris management and three debris management contractors for debris collection, hauling, and processing. The contracts are currently re-bid every three years.
Wake County has also selected six temporary debris reduction and storage (TDSR) sites for use should the need arise. The County has received NC DENRs approval to use five of the sites, and has received conditional approval on the sixth site, which is the NWLF borrow area. Should a disaster generating event occur, Wake County will use these sites to manage debris collected from non-State roads in the unincorporated areas of the County. NC DOT has also indicated their desire to use these sites for debris collected from State maintained roads.
Table 4‐19. Purchasing Recycled Products ‐ Intended Actions
Jurisdiction Intended Action
Wake Forest 1. Add information on Town website to promote recycled products purchasing.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Raleigh 2. Incorporate buy‐recycled principles into new city‐wide Sustainability Policy.
Section 4 Waste Management Reduction Programs
A 4-27
Document Code
Several of the municipalities have identified locations within their City/Town limits that can serve as TDSR sites. Several municipalities have also made arrangements with private haulers and/or partnerships (mutual-aid contracts) with other Towns to help manage disaster debris.
Four municipalities indicated that they have received FEMA-approval for their disaster response plans. Two municipalities have recently updated their plans and are in the process of receiving FEMA approval.
4.12.2 Intended Actions Table 4-20 lists the intended actions established by the jurisdictions of Wake County to meet their goals pertaining to disaster response. A summary of progress made toward actions specified in the previous Plan Update is included in Appendix D.
4.13 Collection of Discarded Electronics 4.13.1 Current Activities Wake County will accept nearly any piece of electronics equipment with a cord at the two multi-material recycling facilities. During FY 2008, 603 tons of e-waste were dropped off by residents and businesses. The City of Raleigh, in partnership with Wake County, collects old computers from Raleigh residents for recycling. There is no fee for the service.
House Bill 819 amends the requirements governing management of discarded computer equipment to include management for discarded televisions and makes other changes. The bill becomes effective January 1, 2010. It stipulates that each discarded computer equipment and television collector shall ensure that discarded equipment is properly stored, and either held for pickup by a manufacturer or delivered to a facility designated
Table 4‐20. Disaster Response ‐ Intended Actions
Jurisdiction Intended Action
Apex 1. Finalize Debris Management Plan and obtain approval from FEMA.
2. Locate addition debris management sites.
3. Evaluate properties for consideration as temporary debris storage and reduction sites for compliance with the Debris Management Plan.
4. Finalize standby contracts with debris management and monitoring firms.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Garner 5. Develop a Disaster Debris Disposal Plan.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Holly Springs 6. Finalize the Town's Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan Update and receive approval from FEMA.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Knightdale 7. Finalize standby contract with debris management firm.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Morrisville 8. Run real‐time simulations of following the Disaster Response Plan.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Raleigh 9. Update disaster response/debris management plan as necessary.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Rolesville and 10. Locate addition debris management sites. Wake Forest
Section 4 Waste Management and Reduction Programs
4-28 A
sec_4 draft.docx
by a manufacturer. Wake County’s drop-off area for electronics meets this requirement.
4.13.2 Intended Actions There are no specific intended actions established by Wake County governments that are specific to the collection of discarded electronics.
4.14 Management of Abandoned Manufactured Homes House Bill 1134, which becomes effective July 1, 2009, encourages counties to develop plans that provide for the deconstruction of abandoned manufactured homes and the removal of reusable or recyclable components. The bill requires that each county consider whether to implement a program for the management of abandoned manufactured homes. Counties that decide not to implement a program must state in their Solid Waste Management Plan Update that they considered a program but decided against implementing one. Wake County has determined that abandoned manufactured homes are currently not a significant threat to public health and the environment in Wake County, and therefore has chosen not to develop a plan at this time. The County will continue to evaluate this decision, and if conditions warrant, develop a written plan and include it as a component of the next Solid Waste Management Plan Update.
A 5-1
sec_5 draft.doc
Section 5 Program Costs and Financing
he stated goals of the previous Solid Waste Management Plan Update included utilization of full cost accounting practices
for identifying program costs and formalizing agreements for long-term disposal costs at the new SWLF. While the goals related to the SWLF have been achieved, the utilization of full cost accounting is still evolving.
5.1 Description and Assessment of Costs and Funding Mechanisms As described in Section 4, each jurisdiction provides a variety of solid waste services, some of which are self performed while others are contracted to private haulers. The following paragraphs and tables provide a comparison of costs per household for each program and residential user fees. In addition, a cost comparison of current residential collection services contracts is provided.
5.1.1 Program Costs and Residential User Fees Table 5-1 describes annual costs per household of solid waste collection and disposal, reduction, reuse and recycling, and mulch/compost programs where they exist. The primary source of data was the FY 2007-08 Solid Waste Management Annual Reports in addition to input from local jurisdiction staff.
It should be noted that each program’s operation practices and costs are unique depending on the types of services they provide, how the service is delivered, and how costs are grouped/reported on the State’s forms. Also, collection contract costs may include limited service to commercial entities which may artificially raise unit costs. Therefore, caution should be exercised when comparing these costs.
Table 5-1 shows that the program cost and fees are widely variable across the jurisdictions. The overall program cost per household ranges from $132.68 (for Knightdale) to $242.20 (for Wendell). Evaluating the data further, there also does not appear to be any clear economies of scale to be achieved by the current service delivery model. Ten of the twelve local jurisdictions charge a user fee for service (excluding Wake County), while half of these jurisdictions charge a fee equal to or greater than the household cost of service. Two of the jurisdictions fund the program through property taxes while Wake County charges an availability charge to its residents for use of the convenience centers.
5.1.2 Comparison of Contract Services Costs In addition to program costs per household, a comparison of local contract services costs was also prepared for this Plan Update. Table 5-2 provides a summary of the data collected for all municipalities that contract their solid waste services. Per household charges are provided for garbage collection, recycling, and yard waste where applicable.
Of the 12 municipal jurisdictions, only three self-perform all of their solid waste services. The remaining nine jurisdictions contract service to either Waste Industries (seven) or Republic (two). In general, monthly per residence charges for weekly garbage collection is uniform, with a range of approximately $8 to $10 per month and an average of approximately $9. Recycling charges have more variability, ranging from approximately $2 to a high of nearly $5 per residence per month. The average charge is $3.23.
Disposal costs (i.e. tipping fees), are a significant component of the overall cost of solid waste services. Disposal costs remain low in Wake County, compared to other areas of the State, as a
T
Section 5 Program Costs and Financing
5-2 A
sec_5 draft.doc
Table 5‐1
Wake Co
unty Plan Jurisdiction
s' Solid W
aste M
anagem
ent Pe
r‐Hou
seho
ld Program
Costs and
User Fees
(Rep
orted for FY
200
7‐08
)
Summary Prog
ram Cost
User Fees
Mun
icipality
Collection an
d Dispo
sal
($/H
H/YR)
Redu
ction, Reu
se and
Re
cycling
($/H
H/YR)
Mulching, Com
posting
and Other Program
s($/H
H/YR)
Overall Program
Cost
($)
Num
ber of
Hou
seho
lds
Overall Program Cost
per Hou
seho
ld($/H
H/YR)
Regu
lar Re
side
ntial
User Fees
($/H
H/YR)
Ape
x$132.18
$24.43
$40.94
$2,168,428
10,898
$198.97
$167.64
Cary
$104.24
$28.58
$28.63
$6,216,106
38,500
$161.46
$168.00
Fuqu
ay Varina
$139
.20
$31.80
‐‐‐
$926,132
5,72
8$161.69
$171.00
Garne
r3$109.82
$22.76
$56.79
$1,578,944
8,40
3$187.90
‐‐‐
Holly Springs
1$97.80
$39.00
$12.00
$1,060,646
7,12
8$148.80
$153.60
Knightdale
$105.70
$26.93
‐‐‐
$421,925
3,18
0$132.68
$132.63
Morrisville3
$103.53
$53.25
$38.50
$736,604
3,77
4$195.18
‐‐‐
Raleigh
$92.37
$36.01
$9.34
$22,317,646
162,040
$137.73
$123.60
Rolesville1
,2$153.27
‐‐‐
‐‐‐
$173,353
1,13
1$153.27
$165.00
Wake Forest
2$105.00
$39.00
$31.20
$1,185,408
8,23
2$144.00
$175.20
Wen
dell
$103.53
$27.12
$109.32
$446,369
1,84
3$242.20
$240.00
Zebu
lon2
$124.17
$27.26
$18.92
$274,098
1,60
9$170.35
$186.00
Wake Co
unty
4$11.04
$8.69
‐‐‐
$6,728,111
347,137
$19.38
$20.00
Notes:
1. Rep
resents total hou
seho
ld cost for all services. Co
st breakdo
wn was not provide
d on
Ann
ual Report
2. The
Tow
ns of R
olesville, Zeb
ulon
and
Wake Forest also provide services to
som
e commercial entities und
er th
eir con
tracts.
3. All solid waste services are paid th
rough prop
erty ta
xes. Thu
s, no reside
ntial user fee
is provided.
4. W
ake Co
unty charges a $20
availability charge to
reside
ntial customers for u
se of the
con
venien
ce cen
ters.
Service Co
st per Hou
seho
ld
Section 5 Program Costs and Financing
A 5-3
sec_5 draft.doc
result of a SWLF tipping fee that is among the lowest 25 percent in the State (see Figure 5-1).
The jurisdictions that joined the SWLF Partnership share excess revenue that is generated from tipping fees at the SWLF. The current SWLF financial model predicts excess revenue when annual tonnage is in excess of approximately 350,000 (this threshold increases annually). The excess revenue is returned to the partners and used to fund existing and future solid waste programs.
5.2 Intended Actions The intended actions established by the jurisdictions of Wake County to meet their goals pertaining to program costs and financing are provided in Table 5-3. A summary of progress made toward actions specified in the previous Plan Update is included in Appendix D.
Municipality
Weekly Garbage Collection
Weekly Recycling Collection
Bi‐Weekly Recycling Collection
Weekly Yard Waste Collection
Bi‐Weekly Yard Waste
Collection Service Provider
Apex $9.13 $2.16 ‐ Self Perform ‐ Waste Industries
Garner $8.01 ‐ $1.90 $4.62 ‐ Republic
Holly Springs $8.15 $3.25 ‐ Self Perform ‐ Waste Industries
Knightdale $9.95 $3.54 ‐ Self Perform ‐ Waste Industries
Morrisville $10.11 $4.80 ‐ ‐ $1.29 Waste Industries
Rolesville $8.66 $3.27 ‐ Wake Forest ‐ Waste Industries
Wake Forest $9.97 $3.25 ‐ Self Perform ‐ Republic
Wendell $8.63 $2.26 ‐ ‐ Self Perform Waste Industries
Zebulon $9.29 $3.54 ‐ Self Perform ‐ Waste Industries
Cary ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ All Self Performed
Fuquay‐Varina ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ All Self Performed
Raleigh ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ All Self Performed
Average: $9.10 $3.26Low: $8.01 $2.16High: $10.11 $4.80
Monthly Charge per Residence:
Comparison of Solid Waste Contracted Services Costs ‐ Wake County Local GovernmentsTable 5‐2
Section 5 Program Costs and Financing
5-4 A
sec_5 draft.doc
Table 5‐3. Program Costs and Financing ‐ Intended Actions
Jurisdiction Intended Action
Cary 1. Annually review Solid Waste rate to ensure a 75 percent cost recovery.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Fuquay‐Varina 2. Purchase new equipment to help provide efficient service.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Raleigh 3. Seek grant funding to support existing and new initiatives.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Wake County 4. Revise SWLF schedule of rates, fees, and charges that reflect the actual cost of service associated with management of special wastes received such as mattresses, bulky wastes, and non‐organic materials.
5. Identify potential opportunities to reduce or control costs and increase revenue associated with solid waste disposal and recycling services for Wake County buildings.
6. Evaluate establishment of a C&D charge at the convenience centers to discourage C&D drop‐off and reduce the amount of C&D waste sent to the SWLF (while promoting private C&D landfills as the preferred disposal option).
$0
$5
$10
$15
$20
$25
$30
$35
$40
$45
$50
Uwharrie Regional
Wayne
Co.
Gaston Co
.
Rowan
Co.
City of A
lbem
arle
Cleveland Co
.
South Wake LF
Catawba
Co.
Cumberland Co
.
Mecklenburg Co.
Davidson Co
.
Lincoln Co
.
WI ‐Sampson
Co.
Robeson Co
.
Iredell Co.
Upper Piedm
ont Re
gional
Johnston
Co.
Hanes M
ill Rd.
Foothills Environmental
CRSW
MA Re
gional
Lenoir Co.
City of H
igh Point
Austin Quarter
Wilkes Co.
Rockingham
Co.
Buncom
be Co.
Cherokee
Co.
City of G
reensboro
Surry Co
.
Haywood Co
.
East Carolina Re
gional
Onslow Co.
BFI‐C
harlotte M
otor Sp.
Cham
bers Development
Transylvania Co.
New
Hanover Co.
Orange Co
.
Macon
Co.
Ashe
Co.
Figure 5‐1North Carolina MSW Landfill Tipping Fees at End of FY 2006* ($/ton)
* Tip fee for the SWLF was $30/ton at the end of FY 2008.
A 6-1
sec_6 draft.docx
Section 6 Program Management and Administration
ince the last Plan Update was prepared, Wake County and the municipal jurisdictions have worked collaboratively to
identify, evaluate, and develop a long-term waste disposal solution to exclusively serve the residents and businesses of Wake County. Through this effort, the South Wake Landfill Partnership was developed. By joining the Partnership, the participating local governments have agreed to share in the responsibilities and benefits of maintaining the SWLF as the primary long-term MSW disposal option. The partnership has effectively strengthened the cooperation among municipalities with regard to solid waste management and planning.
In making the decision to develop a publicly-owned solid waste disposal facility, the partners have assumed greater control and flexibility in creating and using revenue from tipping fees to fund their solid waste programs. The partners will continually need to evaluate SWLF tipping fees to ensure adequate waste amounts (which lower overall costs) while at the same time, preserving landfill airspace and the duration for which the facility can accept waste. As noted in the disposal element, Wake County is evaluating innovative approaches that would allow for acceptance of more waste while maintaining the long-term viability of the landfill.
The Solid Waste Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) comprised of solid waste program managers from all 13 jurisdictions continues to meet on a routine basis to share information about their programs, address needs, discuss changes in markets and regulations, and identify opportunities. The Managers Committee and its’ supporting TAC, which collectively form the Solid Waste Advisory Committee (SWAC), have established a strong track record of collaboration and consensus building with regard to solid waste management in Wake County. At the same time, it
is understood that the various jurisdictions do not share all of the same goals and expectations. Individual effort by each jurisdiction is necessary to achieve both the shared and uncommon goals. It is up to each jurisdiction participating in this planning process to undertake work to realize these goals.
Each jurisdiction also has the responsibility of building and maintaining institutional capacity of their solid waste program and supporting the development of staff knowledge and understanding. This can be accomplished by encouraging and funding staff participation in local, State, regional, and national conferences, seminars, and training opportunities such as those offered by the Solid Waste Association of North America (SWANA).
The intended actions collectively established by the jurisdictions of Wake County to meet their goals pertaining to program management and administration are listed in Table 6-1. A summary of progress made toward actions specified in the previous Plan Update is included in Appendix D.
S
Section 6 Program Management and Administration
6-2 A
sec_6 draft.docx
Table 6‐1. Program Management and Administration ‐ Intended Actions
Jurisdiction Intended Action
Holly Springs 1.Consider hiring a part‐time recycling specialist.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Knightdale 2. Implement more electronic systems for work orders
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Raleigh 3. Develop and implement an apprenticeship program.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Wake Forest 4. Consider implementing a solid waste (or similar) advisory committee.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Wake County 5.When establishing new service contracts for Wake County buildings and WCPSS, require waste to be delivered to Wake County solid waste facilities and include quantities in rebate calculations for the SWLF partnership.
6. Modify service delivery for the convenience centers and multi‐material recycling facilities by executing separate contracts for facility operation, material hauling, and recycling material processing.
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
All Jurisdictions 7. Periodically evaluate costs versus benefits of the activities and services provided under each solid waste management program element.
8. Evaluate existing private sector relationships and explore opportunities for cooperative contracting, as well as additional public/private partnership opportunities.
9. Provide for employee training and education, as needed, to keep pace with job requirements and improvements in solid waste management systems.
Appendix D
Progress Summary – Intended Actions
This Progress Summary was prepared in lieu of completion of the Intended Actions sheets. It provides a concise summary of progress made toward previous intended actions. Refer to Sections 4, 5, and 6 for information regarding intended actions for the next ten year planning period.
App
endi
x D
Pro
gres
s S
umm
ary
of In
tend
ed A
ctio
ns
App
endi
xD
App
endi
x D
Prog
ress
Sum
mar
yof
Inte
nded
Act
ions
Prog
ress
Sum
mar
y of
Inte
nded
Act
ions
The
NC
solid
was
tem
anag
emen
tpla
nnin
ggu
idel
ines
spec
ifyth
atea
chju
risdi
ctio
nin
the
Cou
nty
isto
supp
lyin
form
atio
non
the
stat
usof
impl
emen
ting
"Int
ende
dA
ctio
ns"
liste
din
the
The
NC
sol
id w
aste
man
agem
ent p
lann
ing
guid
elin
es s
peci
fy th
at e
ach
juris
dict
ion
in th
e C
ount
y is
to s
uppl
y in
form
atio
n on
the
stat
us o
f im
plem
entin
g "I
nten
ded
Act
ions
" lis
ted
in th
e i
lb
ittd
PlTh
it
bli
tht
tfi
td
dti
fth
2006
PlU
dt
prev
ious
ly s
ubm
itted
Pla
n. T
his
tabl
e su
mm
ariz
es th
e st
atus
of i
nten
ded
actio
ns fr
om th
e 20
06 P
lan
Upd
ate.
Juris
dict
ion
Com
men
tsIn
tend
ed A
ctio
n - C
olle
ctio
nIm
plem
enta
tion
Sta
tus
Mun
icip
aliti
esth
at
p
Mun
icip
aliti
es th
at
Ct
tfIn
vest
igat
e co
oper
ativ
e co
ntra
ctin
g op
portu
nitie
s to
redu
ce c
osts
and
S
ever
al e
aste
rn ju
risdi
ctio
ns c
oope
rativ
ely
cont
ract
ed fo
r sol
id w
aste
col
lect
ion
and
Con
tract
for
Inve
stig
ate
coop
erat
ive
cont
ract
ing
oppo
rtuni
ties
to re
duce
cos
ts a
nd
impr
ove
serv
ice
effic
ienc
yS
ever
al e
aste
rn ju
risdi
ctio
ns c
oope
rativ
ely
cont
ract
ed fo
r sol
id w
aste
col
lect
ion
and
recy
clin
gse
rvic
esw
hile
othe
rsin
vest
igat
edth
epo
ssib
ility
Col
lect
ion
impr
ove
serv
ice
effic
ienc
y.re
cycl
ing
serv
ices
whi
le o
ther
s in
vest
igat
ed th
e po
ssib
ility
.
Wak
e C
ount
yC
onsi
der f
ranc
hisi
ng re
side
ntia
l sol
id w
aste
and
recy
clab
les
colle
ctio
n in
Th
isac
tion
item
was
dela
yed
due
tola
ckof
staf
ftim
ean
dot
herp
riorit
ies
Ita
eC
outy
Co
sde
ac
sg
esde
taso
das
tea
dec
ycab
esco
ecto
unin
corp
orat
ed a
reas
and
pro
vidi
ng b
oth
serv
ices
to u
ninc
orpo
rate
d N
ot y
et im
plem
ente
dTh
is a
ctio
n ite
m w
as d
elay
ed d
ue to
lack
of s
taff
time
and
othe
r prio
ritie
s. It
i
tti
ith
tPl
unin
corp
orat
ed a
reas
and
pro
vidi
ng b
oth
serv
ices
to u
ninc
orpo
rate
d ho
useh
olds
onau
tom
atic
/fee
basi
s.N
ot y
et im
plem
ente
dre
mai
ns a
nea
r-te
rm a
ctio
n in
the
curr
ent P
lan.
hous
ehol
ds o
n au
tom
atic
/fee
basi
s.W
ake
Cou
nty
Wak
e C
ount
yR
e-as
sess
the
num
ber,
loca
tion,
and
ser
vice
s to
be
prov
ided
by
The
Cou
nty
iscu
rren
tlyco
nsid
erin
gco
nsol
idat
ing
serv
ices
into
larg
e"s
uper
,,
py
conv
enie
nce
cent
ers
and
mul
ti-m
ater
ial f
acili
ties
base
d on
the
outc
ome
In p
rogr
ess
The
Cou
nty
is c
urre
ntly
con
side
ring
cons
olid
atin
g se
rvic
es in
to la
rge
"sup
er
cent
ers"
Wor
kon
this
actio
nill
cont
ine
thro
ghFY
2010
conv
enie
nce
cent
ers
and
mul
tim
ater
ial f
acili
ties
base
d on
the
outc
ome
offra
nchi
sing
inve
stig
atio
nsan
dre
vise
oper
atio
nsac
cord
ingl
y.In
pro
gres
sce
nter
s". W
ork
on th
is a
ctio
n w
ill c
ontin
ue th
roug
h FY
2010
.of
fran
chis
ing
inve
stig
atio
ns a
nd re
vise
ope
ratio
ns a
ccor
ding
ly.
Wak
e C
ount
yIn
coop
erat
ion
with
mun
icip
aliti
esre
view
and
upgr
ade
haul
erlic
ensi
ngTh
eC
ount
yis
inth
epr
oces
sof
upda
ting
itsS
olid
Was
teO
rdin
ance
asit
rela
tes
toy
In c
oope
ratio
n w
ith m
unic
ipal
ities
, rev
iew
and
upg
rade
hau
ler l
icen
sing
pr
ovis
ions
and
perfo
rmre
gula
rins
pect
ions
In p
rogr
ess
The
Cou
nty
is in
the
proc
ess
of u
pdat
ing
its S
olid
Was
te O
rdin
ance
as
it re
late
s to
ha
uler
slic
ensi
ngpr
ovis
ions
The
Cou
nty
inte
nds
toin
spec
teve
ryha
uler
vehi
cle
prov
isio
ns a
nd p
erfo
rm re
gula
r ins
pect
ions
.In
pro
gres
sha
uler
s lic
ensi
ng p
rovi
sion
s. T
he C
ount
y in
tend
s to
insp
ect e
very
hau
ler v
ehic
le.
Juris
dict
ion
Inte
nded
Act
ion
- Was
te T
rans
fer
Impl
emen
ted
Act
ions
Com
men
ts
C(
dth
El
tt
itif
il
df
lbl
p
Car
y (a
nd o
ther
E
valu
ate
oppo
rtuni
ties
for r
egio
nal u
se a
nd re
cove
ry o
f sal
vage
able
f
The
Cou
nty
and
oper
ator
ofth
eE
WTS
are
eval
uatin
gth
epo
ssib
ility
toco
llect
juris
dict
ions
as
good
s an
d re
cycl
able
s w
hen
desi
gnin
g ne
w tr
ansf
er s
tatio
ns o
r In
pro
gres
sTh
e C
ount
y an
d op
erat
or o
f the
EW
TS a
re e
valu
atin
g th
e po
ssib
ility
to c
olle
ct
recy
clab
leca
rdbo
ard
j appl
icab
le)
gy
gg
upgr
adin
g ex
istin
g on
es.
pg
recy
clab
le c
ardb
oard
.pp
)pg
gg
Wak
e C
ount
yIn
coo
pera
tion
with
Wak
e m
unic
ipal
ities
, eva
luat
e th
e ne
ed fo
r add
ition
al
Thi
tiit
lih
dth
hth
bild
ift
hE
tWk
Tf
Wak
e C
ount
yIn
coo
pera
tion
with
Wak
e m
unic
ipal
ities
, eva
luat
e th
e ne
ed fo
r add
ition
al
trans
fers
tatio
nsba
sed
onw
aste
flow
and
the
loca
tion
offu
ture
was
teTh
is a
ctio
n ite
m w
as a
ccom
plis
hed
thro
ugh
the
build
ing
of th
e E
ast W
ake
Tran
sfer
S
tti
Thd
fdd
itilt
ft
titi
tb
lt
dtra
nsfe
r sta
tions
bas
ed o
n w
aste
flow
and
the
loca
tion
of fu
ture
was
te
disp
osal
site
sC
onsi
derp
rivat
izat
ion
optio
nsS
tatio
n. T
he n
eed
for a
dditi
onal
tran
sfer
sta
tions
con
tinue
s to
be
eval
uate
d.di
spos
al s
ites.
Con
side
r priv
atiz
atio
n op
tions
.
Juris
dict
ion
Inte
nded
Act
ion
- Inc
iner
atio
nIm
plem
ente
d A
ctio
nsC
omm
ents
Juris
dict
ion
Inte
nded
Act
ion
Inci
nera
tion
Impl
emen
ted
Act
ions
Com
men
ts
Wak
e C
ount
yC
ontin
ue to
mon
itor r
egio
nal d
iscu
ssio
ns re
gard
ing
use
of w
aste
-to-
Long
-Ter
min
-Cou
nty
disp
osal
capa
city
has
been
secu
red;
how
ever
Cou
nty
will
yg
gg
ener
gy (W
TE) a
nd o
ther
pro
cess
ing
and
disp
osal
met
hods
to s
erve
the
In p
rogr
ess
Long
-Ter
m in
-Cou
nty
disp
osal
cap
acity
has
bee
n se
cure
d; h
owev
er, C
ount
y w
ill
cont
inue
topa
rtici
pate
inre
gion
aldi
scus
sion
sof
WTE
viab
ility
ener
gy (W
TE) a
nd o
ther
pro
cess
ing
and
disp
osal
met
hods
to s
erve
the
Tria
ngle
regi
on in
futu
re y
ears
.In
pro
gres
sco
ntin
ue to
par
ticip
ate
in re
gion
al d
iscu
ssio
ns o
f WTE
via
bilit
y.Tr
iang
le re
gion
in fu
ture
yea
rs.
Wak
eC
ount
yC
onsi
dere
cono
mic
ally
viab
leop
portu
nitie
sev
ery
thre
eye
ars
for
CC
Wak
e C
ount
yC
onsi
der e
cono
mic
ally
via
ble
oppo
rtuni
ties
ever
y th
ree
year
s fo
r in
cine
ratio
nas
wel
las
othe
rdis
posa
lalte
rnat
ives
that
aris
ein
the
futu
reIn
prog
ress
Long
-Ter
m in
-Cou
nty
disp
osal
cap
acity
has
bee
n se
cure
d; h
owev
er, C
ount
y w
ill
inci
nera
tion
as w
ell a
s ot
her d
ispo
sal a
ltern
ativ
es th
at a
rise
in th
e fu
ture
, in
clud
ing
oppo
rtuni
ties
invo
lvin
gre
gion
alco
oper
atio
nIn
pro
gres
sg
yp
py
yco
ntin
ue to
par
ticip
ate
in re
gion
al d
iscu
ssio
ns o
f WTE
via
bilit
y.in
clud
ing
oppo
rtuni
ties
invo
lvin
g re
gion
al c
oope
ratio
n.p
pg
y
App
endi
x D
Pro
gres
s S
umm
ary
of In
tend
ed A
ctio
ns
Juris
dict
ion
Inte
nded
Act
ion
Was
teD
ispo
sal
Impl
emen
ted
Act
ions
Com
men
tsJu
risdi
ctio
nIn
tend
ed A
ctio
n - W
aste
Dis
posa
lIm
plem
ente
d A
ctio
nsC
omm
ents
All
Juris
dict
ions
Dev
elop
prim
ary
asw
ella
sba
ckup
was
tedi
spos
alpl
ans
toen
sure
long
-O
peni
ngof
the
SW
LFha
sen
sure
dlo
ng-te
rmca
paci
tyne
eds
will
bem
etB
ack-
upA
ll Ju
risdi
ctio
nsD
evel
op p
rimar
y as
wel
l as
back
up
was
te d
ispo
sal p
lans
to e
nsur
e lo
ng-
term
capa
city
need
sw
illbe
met
Ope
ning
of t
he S
WLF
has
ens
ured
long
-term
cap
acity
nee
ds w
ill b
e m
et. B
ack-
up
disp
osal
plan
sco
ntin
ueto
evol
vete
rm c
apac
ity n
eeds
will
be
met
.di
spos
al p
lans
con
tinue
to e
volv
e.A
llJu
risdi
ctio
nsA
ll Ju
risdi
ctio
nsP
artic
ipat
e in
dis
cuss
ions
with
Cou
nty
staf
f aim
ed a
t dev
elop
ing
Par
ticip
ate
in d
iscu
ssio
ns w
ith C
ount
y st
aff a
imed
at d
evel
opin
g m
utua
llyag
reea
ble
long
term
cont
ract
/par
tner
ship
term
spe
rtain
ing
toTh
isac
tion
was
acco
mpl
ishe
d.m
utua
lly a
gree
able
long
term
con
tract
/par
tner
ship
term
s pe
rtain
ing
to
was
tedi
spos
alan
dpo
tent
ially
othe
rser
vice
spr
ovid
edby
the
Cou
nty
This
act
ion
was
acc
ompl
ishe
d.w
aste
dis
posa
l and
pot
entia
lly o
ther
ser
vice
s pr
ovid
ed b
y th
e C
ount
y.
All
Juris
dict
ions
Dev
elop
und
erst
andi
ng o
f was
te to
nnag
e co
mm
itmen
ts fo
r Sou
th W
ake
This
actio
nw
asac
com
plis
hed
All
Juris
dict
ions
Dev
elop
und
erst
andi
ng o
f was
te to
nnag
e co
mm
itmen
ts fo
r Sou
th W
ake
land
fill,
tode
term
ine
itsfe
asib
ility
.Th
is a
ctio
n w
as a
ccom
plis
hed.
land
fill,
to d
eter
min
e its
feas
ibili
ty.
All
Juris
dict
ions
Upd
ate
proj
ectio
ns re
gard
ing
long
term
dis
posa
l cap
acity
requ
irem
ents
Th
isac
tion
was
acco
mpl
ishe
dA
ll Ju
risdi
ctio
nsp
pj
gg
gp
py
qan
d ad
just
pla
ns a
s ne
eded
to m
aint
ain
secu
re lo
ng-te
rm c
apac
ity.
This
act
ion
was
acc
ompl
ishe
d.an
d ad
just
pla
ns a
s ne
eded
to m
aint
ain
secu
re lo
ngte
rm c
apac
ity.
All
Ji
diti
Ct
tl
dfill
iS
thW
kC
tdi
ffii
tS
WLF
tt
dith
tfth
llj
idi
tiA
ll Ju
risdi
ctio
nsC
onst
ruct
a la
ndfil
l in
Sou
th W
ake
Cou
nty,
pen
ding
suf
ficie
nt
SW
LF w
as c
onst
ruct
ed w
ith s
uppo
rt fro
m th
e lo
cal j
uris
dict
ions
.co
mm
itmen
ts o
f was
te a
nd o
ther
sup
port
from
the
mun
icip
aliti
es.
ppp
Wak
e C
ount
yId
entif
y lo
ng-te
rm a
gree
men
t/par
tner
ship
opp
ortu
nitie
s an
d te
rms,
and
Th
isac
tion
was
acco
mpl
ishe
da
eC
ouy
dey
og
eag
eee
/pa
es
pop
pou
esa
de
s,a
dpr
esen
t to
mun
icip
aliti
es fo
r con
side
ratio
n.Th
is a
ctio
n w
as a
ccom
plis
hed.
pres
ent t
o m
unic
ipal
ities
for c
onsi
dera
tion.
Wak
eC
ount
yId
entif
yan
dm
onito
rold
Wak
eC
ount
ysa
nita
ryla
ndfil
lsite
s.Th
iti
lih
dW
ake
Cou
nty
Iden
tify
and
mon
itor o
ld W
ake
Cou
nty
sani
tary
land
fill s
ites.
This
act
ion
was
acc
ompl
ishe
d.
Wak
eC
ount
yD
evel
oppo
st-c
losu
reus
epl
anfo
rNor
thW
ake
Land
fill.
Thi
tili
hd
Wak
e C
ount
yD
evel
op p
ost-c
losu
re u
se p
lan
for N
orth
Wak
e La
ndfil
l.Th
is a
ctio
n w
as a
ccom
plis
hed.
Juris
dict
ion
Inte
nded
Act
ion
- Was
te R
educ
tion
Impl
emen
ted
Act
ions
Com
men
ts
All
Juris
dict
ions
Edu
cate
resi
dent
san
dco
mm
erci
alen
titie
sab
outw
aste
redu
ctio
nvi
a
p
All
Juris
dict
ions
Edu
cate
resi
dent
s an
d co
mm
erci
al e
ntiti
es a
bout
was
te re
duct
ion
via
t/
tb
itTh
isac
tion
was
acco
mpl
ishe
dby
am
ajor
ityof
juris
dict
ions
.to
wn/
coun
ty w
eb s
ites.
This
act
ion
was
acc
ompl
ishe
d by
a m
ajor
ity o
f jur
isdi
ctio
ns.
All
Juris
dict
ions
Dis
tribu
te J
unk
Mai
l Ter
min
ator
kits
/Cur
tail
Junk
Mai
l kits
to re
side
nts.
S
ixju
risdi
ctio
nsre
porte
ddi
strib
utin
gth
ese
kits
The
rem
aind
erch
ose
focu
son
Incl
ude
Junk
Mai
l Ter
min
ator
info
rmat
ion
on to
wn/
coun
ty w
eb s
ites.
(par
tial)
Six
juris
dict
ions
repo
rted
dist
ribut
ing
thes
e ki
ts. T
he re
mai
nder
cho
se fo
cus
on
othe
rwas
tere
duct
ion
effo
rtsIn
clud
e Ju
nk M
ail T
erm
inat
or in
form
atio
n on
tow
n/co
unty
web
site
s.(p
artia
l)ot
her w
aste
redu
ctio
n ef
forts
.
All
Juris
dict
ions
Con
side
rim
plem
entin
gco
mpr
ehen
sive
user
fee
syst
ems
fors
olid
was
teA
ll Ju
risdi
ctio
nsC
onsi
der i
mpl
emen
ting
com
preh
ensi
ve u
ser f
ee s
yste
ms
for s
olid
was
te
and
recy
clab
les
colle
ctio
nth
atar
eba
sed
onth
equ
antit
yof
mat
eria
ls(p
artia
l)O
nly
a fe
w W
ake
juris
dict
ions
con
side
red
impl
emen
ting
a us
er fe
e sy
stem
. Mos
t an
d re
cycl
able
s co
llect
ion
that
are
bas
ed o
n th
e qu
antit
y of
mat
eria
ls
gene
rate
d(p
artia
l)y
jp
gy
juris
dict
ions
do
not c
urre
ntly
sup
port
switc
hing
to s
uch
a sy
stem
.ge
nera
ted.
jy
ppg
y
All
Ji
diti
Pf
tid
di
tif
td
thd
tith
iA
ll Ju
risdi
ctio
nsP
erfo
rm tw
o si
ded
prin
ting
of re
ports
and
oth
er d
ocum
ents
with
in
T/C
DTh
isac
tion
was
acco
mpl
ishe
d.To
wn/
Cou
nty
Dep
artm
ents
.Th
is a
ctio
n w
as a
ccom
plis
hed.
yA
ll Ju
risdi
ctio
nsU
tiliz
e in
trane
t and
dat
a tra
nsfe
r cap
abili
ty a
mon
g go
vern
men
tal o
ffice
s Th
isac
tion
was
acco
mpl
ishe
dp
yg
gto
redu
ce o
ffice
pap
er u
sage
/dis
posa
l.Th
is a
ctio
n w
as a
ccom
plis
hed.
to re
duce
offi
ce p
aper
usa
ge/d
ispo
sal.
All
Juris
dict
ions
Wor
kco
llect
ivel
yto
info
rman
den
cour
age
C&
Dco
ntra
ctor
san
dla
ndC
ount
ydr
afto
rdin
ance
tabl
edby
Com
mis
sion
ers;
Ral
eigh
draf
tord
inan
ceta
bled
;A
ll Ju
risdi
ctio
nsW
ork
colle
ctiv
ely
to in
form
and
enc
oura
ge C
& D
con
tract
ors
and
land
de
velo
pers
tore
duce
the
gene
ratio
nof
C&
Dde
bris
;bui
ld(p
artia
l)C
ount
y dr
aft o
rdin
ance
tabl
ed b
y C
omm
issi
oner
s; R
alei
gh d
raft
ordi
nanc
e ta
bled
; pi
lots
tudy
;Wak
eC
o&
Ral
eigh
requ
irew
aste
plan
forb
uild
ing
perm
itde
velo
pers
to re
duce
the
gene
ratio
n of
C&
D d
ebris
; bui
ld
ince
ntiv
es/d
isin
cent
ives
into
the
perm
itap
plic
atio
nre
quire
men
ts(p
artia
l)pi
lot s
tudy
; Wak
e C
o. &
Ral
eigh
requ
ire w
aste
pla
n fo
r bui
ldin
g pe
rmit.
ince
ntiv
es/d
isin
cent
ives
into
the
perm
it ap
plic
atio
n re
quire
men
ts.
Ral
eigh
Est
ablis
hci
tyem
ploy
eew
aste
redu
ctio
nte
amR
alei
ghE
stab
lish
city
em
ploy
ee w
aste
redu
ctio
n te
am"S
usta
inab
ility
Tea
m" w
as c
reat
edS
usta
inab
ility
Tea
m w
as c
reat
ed
Wak
eC
ount
y(C
ary
Ral
eigh
and
Wak
eC
ount
y)D
istri
bute
info
rmat
iona
lpac
kets
onW
ake
Cou
nty
(Car
y, R
alei
gh a
nd W
ake
Cou
nty)
Dis
tribu
te in
form
atio
nal p
acke
ts o
n t
dti
id
ti
l(p
artia
l)Th
is a
ctio
n w
as c
ompl
eted
by
Wak
e C
ount
y.w
aste
redu
ctio
n ai
med
at c
omm
erci
al u
sers
.(p
artia
l)Th
is a
ctio
n w
as c
ompl
eted
by
Wak
e C
ount
y.
App
endi
x D
Pro
gres
s S
umm
ary
of In
tend
ed A
ctio
ns
Juris
dict
ion
Inte
nded
Act
ion
Rec
yclin
gan
dR
euse
Impl
emen
ted
Act
ions
Com
men
tsJu
risdi
ctio
nIn
tend
ed A
ctio
n - R
ecyc
ling
and
Reu
seIm
plem
ente
d A
ctio
nsC
omm
ents
All
Juris
dict
ions
Eva
luat
eop
portu
nitie
sto
stan
dard
ize
targ
etre
cycl
able
san
dre
cycl
ing
All
Juris
dict
ions
Eva
luat
e op
portu
nitie
s to
sta
ndar
dize
targ
et re
cycl
able
s an
d re
cycl
ing
proc
edur
esfo
rall
mun
icip
alan
dC
ount
yco
llect
ion
prog
ram
s(p
artia
l)Th
is a
ctio
n w
as c
ompl
eted
by
mos
t loc
al g
over
nmen
ts. F
ive
Tow
ns s
witc
hed
to
proc
edur
es fo
r all
mun
icip
al a
nd C
ount
y co
llect
ion
prog
ram
s.(p
artia
l)p
yg
larg
er 4
8-ga
l car
ts; M
any
adde
d m
ater
ials
that
are
acc
epte
d cu
rbsi
de.
gg
;y
p
All
Ji
diti
El
tl
blt
il
iti
tid
fffi
it
All
Juris
dict
ions
Eva
luat
e re
cycl
able
mat
eria
ls p
roce
ssin
g op
tions
to p
rovi
de fo
r effi
cien
t d
ffi
if
il
d/d
li
ld
Thi
il
dJ
idi
i'
il
hf
blan
d co
st-e
ffect
ive
proc
essi
ng o
f sin
gle
and/
or d
ual s
tream
mat
eria
ls a
nd
This
act
ion
was
com
plet
ed. J
uris
dict
ions
' con
tinue
to e
xplo
re th
e m
ost f
avor
able
g
gto
incr
ease
mat
eria
ls m
arke
tabi
lity.
Con
side
r priv
atiz
atio
n as
wel
l as
mar
ket f
or th
eir r
ecyc
labl
es.
yp
publ
ic o
wne
rshi
p op
tions
.y
publ
ic o
wne
rshi
p op
tions
.A
llJu
risdi
ctio
nsE
valu
ate
feas
ibili
tyof
prov
idin
gre
cycl
ing
colle
ctio
nse
rvic
eto
mul
ti-M
orris
ville
esta
blis
hed
mul
ti-fa
mily
recy
clin
gor
dina
nce;
Ral
eigh
prov
ides
drop
offs
.A
ll Ju
risdi
ctio
nsE
valu
ate
feas
ibili
ty o
f pro
vidi
ng re
cycl
ing
colle
ctio
n se
rvic
e to
mul
ti-fa
mily
com
plex
esan
dex
tend
toco
mpl
exes
dete
rmin
edfe
asib
leto
(par
tial)
Mor
risvi
lle e
stab
lishe
d m
ulti-
fam
ily re
cycl
ing
ordi
nanc
e; R
alei
gh p
rovi
des
drop
offs
.fa
mily
com
plex
es a
nd e
xten
d to
com
plex
es d
eter
min
ed fe
asib
le to
se
rve
(par
tial)
serv
e.A
llJu
risdi
ctio
nsE
xplo
refe
asib
ility
ofho
ldin
gpe
riodi
ccu
rbsi
desw
apda
ys(w
here
Ral
eigh
cons
ider
edan
dde
cide
dno
tto
doth
is;T
his
beha
vior
occu
rsin
form
ally
inA
ll Ju
risdi
ctio
nsE
xplo
re fe
asib
ility
of h
oldi
ng p
erio
dic
curb
side
sw
ap d
ays
(whe
re
idt
tit
bf
tht
tk
itht
dii
fR
alei
gh c
onsi
dere
d an
d de
cide
d no
t to
do th
is; T
his
beha
vior
occ
urs
info
rmal
ly in
T
resi
dent
s se
t ite
ms
on c
urb
for o
ther
s to
take
, with
tow
ns d
ispo
sing
of
(par
tial)
man
y To
wns
.th
e re
mai
nder
.(p
)
All
Juris
dict
ions
Re-
writ
e de
velo
pmen
t sta
ndar
ds fo
r apa
rtmen
t com
plex
es to
requ
ire a
(
til)
Ral
eigh
pro
vide
s dr
op-o
ffs; F
our T
owns
eva
luat
ed th
is w
ith s
ever
al d
ecid
ing
to re
-Ju
sdc
os
ee
dee
ope
sa
dads
oap
ae
cop
ees
oeq
ue
asu
itabl
e de
sign
ated
site
for r
ecyc
labl
es s
tora
ge a
nd c
olle
ctio
n.(p
artia
l)a
eg
po
des
dop
os;
ouo
se
aua
eds
see
ade
cd
go
ew
rite
deve
lopm
ent s
tand
ards
.su
itabl
e de
sign
ated
site
for r
ecyc
labl
es s
tora
ge a
nd c
olle
ctio
n.w
rite
deve
lopm
ent s
tand
ards
.A
llJu
risdi
ctio
nsA
sap
prop
riate
,use
old
bric
k,co
ncre
te,a
ndas
phal
tin
plac
eof
ripra
pTh
ii
ld
bi
ji
dii
All
Juris
dict
ions
As
appr
opria
te, u
se o
ld b
rick,
con
cret
e, a
nd a
spha
lt in
pla
ce o
f rip
rap
ston
ein
eros
ion
cont
rol
This
act
ion
was
com
plet
ed b
y ce
rtain
juris
dict
ions
.st
one
in e
rosi
on c
ontro
l.y
j
All
Juris
dict
ions
Pro
mot
elo
calb
usin
ess
site
sth
atac
cept
used
mot
oroi
lfor
recy
clin
gA
ll Ju
risdi
ctio
nsP
rom
ote
loca
l bus
ines
s si
tes
that
acc
ept u
sed
mot
or o
il fo
r rec
yclin
g.
Pro
mot
elo
calt
hrift
and
cons
ignm
ents
tore
sas
ella
sm
ater
ials
rese
This
actio
nas
com
plet
edb
certa
inj
risdi
ctio
nsP
rom
ote
loca
l thr
ift a
nd c
onsi
gnm
ent s
tore
s as
wel
l as
mat
eria
ls re
use
tTh
is a
ctio
n w
as c
ompl
eted
by
certa
in ju
risdi
ctio
ns.
cent
ers.
All
Juris
dict
ions
Con
side
r est
ablis
hing
and
enf
orci
ng a
man
dato
ry re
cycl
ing
polic
y fo
r (
til)
Ral
eigh
eva
luat
ed th
is a
ctio
n; M
anda
tory
recy
clin
g is
not
bei
ng c
onsi
dere
d by
the
gg
yy
gp
yre
side
nces
and
bus
ines
ses.
(par
tial)
g;
yy
gg
yTo
wns
at t
his
time.
resi
denc
es a
nd b
usin
esse
s.To
wns
at t
his
time.
Car
yIm
plem
ent u
sed
cook
ing
oil d
rop-
off p
rogr
am fo
r res
iden
ts a
t A
ilt
jt
lt
dF
lill
bi
lt
di
2009
Car
yIm
plem
ent u
sed
cook
ing
oil d
rop
off p
rogr
am fo
r res
iden
ts a
t co
nven
ienc
ece
nter
inC
ary
A p
ilot p
roje
ct w
as c
ompl
eted
. For
mal
pro
gram
will
be
impl
emen
ted
in 2
009.
conv
enie
nce
cent
er in
Car
y.C
ary
Con
vert
tosi
ngle
ordu
alst
ream
curb
side
recy
clin
gC
ary
Con
vert
to s
ingl
e or
dua
l stre
am c
urbs
ide
recy
clin
gS
ingl
e st
ream
impl
emen
ted
in S
prin
g of
200
7.g
pp
g
Gar
ner
Inco
rpor
ate
recy
clin
gof
beve
rage
cont
aine
rsat
larg
epu
blic
even
tsG
arne
rIn
corp
orat
e re
cycl
ing
of b
ever
age
cont
aine
rs a
t lar
ge p
ublic
eve
nts,
pr
imar
ilyin
depe
nden
ceda
yce
lebr
atio
nTh
is a
ctio
n w
as c
ompl
eted
.pr
imar
ily in
depe
nden
ce d
ay c
eleb
ratio
ns
aco
asco
pe
ed
Rl
ih
Cid
ddi
td
dbd
dhi
bd
tb
idR
alei
ghC
onsi
der a
ddin
g co
rrug
ated
car
dboa
rd a
nd c
hipb
oard
to c
urbs
ide
lill
iTh
isac
tion
was
com
plet
ed.
recy
clin
g co
llect
ion
prog
ram
This
act
ion
was
com
plet
ed.
yg
pg
Ral
eigh
Inst
itute
pap
er a
nd c
ardb
oard
recy
clin
g pi
lot i
n C
BD
This
actio
nw
asco
mpl
eted
gp
py
gp
This
act
ion
was
com
plet
ed.
Wak
e C
ount
yC
onsi
der f
ranc
hisi
ng re
side
ntia
l sol
id w
aste
and
recy
clab
les
colle
ctio
n in
y
gy
unin
corp
orat
ed a
reas
and
pro
vidi
ng b
oth
serv
ices
to u
ninc
orpo
rate
d N
ot y
et im
plem
ente
dTh
is a
ctio
n ite
m w
as n
ot a
ccom
plis
hed
due
to la
ck o
f sta
ff tim
e an
d ot
her p
riorit
ies.
un
inco
rpor
ated
are
as a
nd p
rovi
ding
bot
h se
rvic
es to
uni
ncor
pora
ted
hous
ehol
dson
auto
mat
ic/f
eeba
sis.
Not
yet
impl
emen
ted
This
act
ion
item
was
not
acc
ompl
ishe
d du
e to
lack
of s
taff
time
and
othe
r prio
ritie
s.
hous
ehol
ds o
n au
tom
atic
/ fee
bas
is.
Wak
eC
ount
yP
artn
erw
ithm
unic
ipal
ities
toim
plem
entr
ecyc
ling
atsp
ecia
leve
nts
and
Wak
e C
ount
yP
artn
er w
ith m
unic
ipal
ities
to im
plem
ent r
ecyc
ling
at s
peci
al e
vent
s an
d to
cond
ucts
peci
aldr
ives
such
asH
olid
ayW
rap
Up
prog
ram
(par
tial)
HH
W d
rives
and
oth
er e
vent
s w
ere
offe
red.
to
con
duct
spe
cial
driv
es s
uch
as H
olid
ay W
rap
Up
prog
ram
.(p
artia
l)W
kC
tE
lt
il
dit
bli
ht
fi
th
Thi
tiit
lt
dth
hth
flt
it
ith
Nth
Wk
Wak
e C
ount
yE
valu
ate
reus
e pr
ogra
ms,
incl
udin
g es
tabl
ishm
ent o
f a p
aint
exc
hang
e d
SS
hh
ldf
illd
ld
iTh
is a
ctio
n ite
m w
as c
ompl
eted
thro
ugh
the
use
of la
tex
pain
t via
the
Nor
th W
ake
Ldf
illi
hll
lii
dbd
li
hE
WTS
il
dce
nter
and
Sw
ap S
hop
at th
e la
ndfil
l and
sel
ecte
d co
nven
ienc
e ce
nter
La
ndfil
l pos
i-she
ll ap
plic
atio
n; c
ardb
oard
sal
vagi
ng a
t the
EW
TS w
as im
plem
ente
d;
site
s, a
s w
ell a
s ac
tive
salv
age
of re
usab
le g
oods
at t
rans
fer s
tatio
ns
gg
othe
r sal
vage
opp
ortu
nitie
s ar
e st
ill u
nder
inve
stig
atio
n.,
gg
and
the
land
fill.
gpp
gan
d th
e la
ndfil
l.W
ake
Cou
nty
(Wak
eC
ount
yan
dTo
wn
ofC
ary)
Fina
lize
and
inst
itute
C&
Dre
cycl
ing
Nt
til
td
This
actio
nite
mw
asno
tacc
ompl
ishe
d.Th
em
easu
rew
aspu
ton
hold
byth
eW
ake
Cou
nty
(Wak
e C
ount
y an
d To
wn
of C
ary)
Fin
aliz
e an
d in
stitu
te C
&D
recy
clin
g or
dina
nce
inco
oper
atio
nw
ithR
alei
ghN
ot y
et im
plem
ente
dTh
is a
ctio
n ite
m w
as n
ot a
ccom
plis
hed.
The
mea
sure
was
put
on
hold
by
the
Cou
nty
Boa
rdor
dina
nce
in c
oope
ratio
n w
ith R
alei
gh.
Cou
nty
Boa
rd.
Wak
eC
ount
yW
ork
with
Con
stru
ctio
nan
dD
emol
ition
Task
Forc
eto
asse
ssfu
rther
This
actio
nite
mw
asno
tacc
ompl
ishe
ddu
eto
lack
ofst
afft
ime
and
othe
rprio
ritie
sW
ake
Cou
nty
Wor
k w
ith C
onst
ruct
ion
and
Dem
oliti
on T
ask
Forc
e to
ass
ess
furth
er
mea
nsof
redu
cing
and
recy
clin
gC
&D
was
teN
ot y
et im
plem
ente
dTh
is a
ctio
n ite
m w
as n
ot a
ccom
plis
hed
due
to la
ck o
f sta
ff tim
e an
d ot
her p
riorit
ies.
Ta
skfo
rce
iscu
rren
tlyin
activ
em
eans
of r
educ
ing
and
recy
clin
g C
&D
was
te.
Not
yet
impl
emen
ted
Task
forc
e is
cur
rent
ly in
activ
e.W
kC
tE
lfi
lti
St
tll
tb(S
tt
dH
BW
ake
Cou
nty
Exp
lore
mea
ns o
f im
plem
entin
g S
tate
pal
let b
an. (
Sta
te p
asse
d H
B
This
actio
nw
asco
mpl
eted
1465
ban
ning
woo
den
palle
ts in
land
fills
-effe
ctiv
e 10
-1-0
9.)
This
act
ion
was
com
plet
ed.
gp
)
App
endi
x D
Pro
gres
s S
umm
ary
of In
tend
ed A
ctio
ns
Juris
dict
ion
Inte
nded
Act
ion
Rec
yclin
gan
dR
euse
Impl
emen
ted
Act
ions
Com
men
tsJu
risdi
ctio
nIn
tend
ed A
ctio
n - R
ecyc
ling
and
Reu
seIm
plem
ente
d A
ctio
nsC
omm
ents
Wak
eC
ount
yC
ondu
ctC
IIw
aste
stre
amch
arac
teriz
atio
nst
udy
This
item
was
acco
mpl
ishe
dth
roug
ha
smal
lwas
tech
arac
teriz
atio
nst
udy
ofW
ake
Wak
e C
ount
yC
ondu
ct C
II w
aste
stre
am c
hara
cter
izat
ion
stud
y.Th
is it
em w
as a
ccom
plis
hed
thro
ugh
a sm
all w
aste
cha
ract
eriz
atio
n st
udy
of W
ake
Cou
nty
offic
esC
ount
y of
fices
. W
ake
Cou
nty
Use
focu
sgr
oups
toid
entif
ycu
rren
tCII
recy
clin
gac
tiviti
esba
rrie
rsW
ake
Cou
nty
Use
focu
s gr
oups
to id
entif
y cu
rren
t CII
recy
clin
g ac
tiviti
es, b
arrie
rs,
bfit
if
td
lN
ot y
et im
plem
ente
dTh
is a
ctio
n ite
m w
as n
ot a
ccom
plis
hed
due
to la
ck o
f sta
ff tim
e an
d ot
her p
riorit
ies.
bene
fits;
use
info
to d
evel
op u
ser s
urve
y.N
ot y
et im
plem
ente
dTh
is a
ctio
n ite
m w
as n
ot a
ccom
plis
hed
due
to la
ck o
f sta
ff tim
e an
d ot
her p
riorit
ies.
Wk
CC
dfb
ii
li
CII
bi
Wak
e C
ount
yC
ondu
ct s
urve
y of
bus
ines
s co
mm
unity
– u
se re
sults
in C
II bu
sine
ss
Not
yeti
mpl
emen
ted
This
actio
nite
mw
asno
tacc
ompl
ishe
ddu
eto
lack
ofst
afft
ime
and
othe
rprio
ritie
sy
yy
plan
ning
pro
cess
.N
ot y
et im
plem
ente
dTh
is a
ctio
n ite
m w
as n
ot a
ccom
plis
hed
due
to la
ck o
f sta
ff tim
e an
d ot
her p
riorit
ies.
pg
pW
ake
Cou
nty
(Wak
e C
ount
y an
d m
unic
ipal
ities
) Dev
elop
bus
ines
s pl
an fo
r CII
Not
yeti
mpl
emen
ted
This
actio
nite
mw
asno
tacc
ompl
ishe
ddu
eto
lack
ofst
afft
ime
and
othe
rprio
ritie
sW
ake
Cou
nty
(Wak
e C
ount
y an
d m
unic
ipal
ities
) Dev
elop
bus
ines
s pl
an fo
r CII
recy
clin
gin
coop
erat
ion
with
stak
ehol
ders
.N
ot y
et im
plem
ente
dTh
is a
ctio
n ite
m w
as n
ot a
ccom
plis
hed
due
to la
ck o
f sta
ff tim
e an
d ot
her p
riorit
ies.
recy
clin
g in
coo
pera
tion
with
sta
keho
lder
s.W
ake
Cou
nty
(Wak
eC
ount
yan
dm
unic
ipal
ities
)Im
plem
entC
IIre
cycl
ing
optio
nsW
ake
Cou
nty
(Wak
e C
ount
y an
d m
unic
ipal
ities
) Im
plem
ent C
II re
cycl
ing
optio
ns.
Not
yet
impl
emen
ted
This
act
ion
item
was
not
acc
ompl
ishe
d du
e to
lack
of s
taff
time
and
othe
r prio
ritie
s.y
pp
p
Wak
eC
ount
yC
lose
scho
olig
loo
drop
offc
ente
rsan
dpr
omot
eal
tern
ativ
esi
tes
and
Wak
e C
ount
yC
lose
sch
ool i
gloo
dro
p-of
f cen
ters
and
pro
mot
e al
tern
ativ
e si
tes
and
This
act
ion
item
was
acc
ompl
ishe
d (c
losu
re o
f Rol
esvi
lle E
S re
cycl
ing
site
).pr
ogra
ms.
This
act
ion
item
was
acc
ompl
ishe
d (c
losu
re o
f Rol
esvi
lle E
S re
cycl
ing
site
).
Wak
e C
ount
yR
e-as
sess
the
num
ber,
loca
tion,
and
ser
vice
s to
be
prov
ided
by
yp
yco
nven
ienc
e ce
nter
s ba
sed
on th
e ou
tcom
e of
fran
chis
ing
inve
stig
atio
nsIn
pro
gres
sTh
is a
ctio
n ite
m is
stil
l und
erw
ay.
coe
ece
cee
sba
sed
oe
ouco
eo
ac
sg
esga
os
pog
ess
sac
oe
ss
ude
ay
Wak
eC
ount
yE
valu
ate
recy
clin
gm
arke
tdev
elop
men
topp
ortu
nitie
sfo
rrec
over
edW
ake
Cou
nty
Eva
luat
e re
cycl
ing
mar
ket d
evel
opm
ent o
ppor
tuni
ties
for r
ecov
ered
m
ater
ials
inne
edof
enha
nced
mar
kets
and
inst
itute
prog
ram
(s)t
oN
otye
tim
plem
ente
dTh
isac
tion
item
was
nota
ccom
plis
hed
due
tola
ckof
staf
ftim
ean
dot
herp
riorit
ies
mat
eria
ls in
nee
d of
enh
ance
d m
arke
ts a
nd in
stitu
te p
rogr
am(s
) to
addr
ess
iden
tifie
dop
portu
nitie
sN
ot y
et im
plem
ente
dTh
is a
ctio
n ite
m w
as n
ot a
ccom
plis
hed
due
to la
ck o
f sta
ff tim
e an
d ot
her p
riorit
ies.
addr
ess
iden
tifie
d op
portu
nitie
s.
Juris
dict
ion
Inte
nded
Act
ion
-Com
post
ing
and
Mul
chin
gIm
plem
ente
dA
ctio
nsC
omm
ents
Juris
dict
ion
Inte
nded
Act
ion
- Com
post
ing
and
Mul
chin
gIm
plem
ente
d A
ctio
nsC
omm
ents
All
Juris
dict
ions
Enc
oura
ge re
side
nts
to g
rass
cycl
e an
d pe
rform
bac
kyar
d co
mpo
stin
g A
ll Ju
risdi
ctio
nsE
ncou
rage
resi
dent
s to
gra
sscy
cle
and
perfo
rm b
acky
ard
com
post
ing
via
dist
ribut
ion
of b
roch
ures
, com
post
bin
s, w
ebsi
te in
form
atio
n,
This
act
ion
was
com
plet
ed.
via
dist
ribut
ion
of b
roch
ures
, com
post
bin
s, w
ebsi
te in
form
atio
n,
wor
ksho
pset
cTh
is a
ctio
n w
as c
ompl
eted
.w
orks
hops
, etc
.A
llJu
risdi
ctio
nsP
rovi
dean
nual
Chr
istm
asTr
eeco
llect
ion
eith
ercu
rbsi
deor
via
drop
off
All
Juris
dict
ions
Pro
vide
ann
ual C
hris
tmas
Tre
e co
llect
ion,
eith
er c
urbs
ide
or v
ia d
rop
off
site
sTh
is a
ctio
n w
as c
ompl
eted
.si
tes.
sac
toas
cop
eted
All
Ji
diti
Pt
fCt
Cti
Et
iM
tG
dA
ll Ju
risdi
ctio
nsP
rom
ote
use
of C
ount
y C
oope
rativ
e E
xten
sion
Mas
ter G
arde
ner
This
actio
nw
asco
mpl
eted
.P
rogr
am.
This
act
ion
was
com
plet
ed.
gA
ll Ju
risdi
ctio
nsP
artn
er to
edu
cate
the
publ
ic a
bout
FO
G c
ausi
ng s
ewer
blo
ckag
e p
gg
prob
lem
s an
d pr
omot
e co
mpo
stin
g as
an
alte
rnat
ive
to p
laci
ng th
e Th
is a
ctio
n w
as c
ompl
eted
.pr
oble
ms
and
prom
ote
com
post
ing
as a
n al
tern
ativ
e to
pla
cing
the
mat
eria
ldow
nth
edr
ain.
This
act
ion
was
com
plet
ed.
mat
eria
l dow
n th
e dr
ain.
Mor
risvi
lleE
xam
ine
the
poss
ibili
tyof
prov
idin
gse
ason
alle
afva
cuum
ing
byM
orris
ville
Exa
min
e th
e po
ssib
ility
of p
rovi
ding
sea
sona
l lea
f vac
uum
ing
by
cont
ract
In p
rogr
ess
This
act
ion
item
is s
till u
nder
way
.co
ntra
ct.
pg
y
Ral
eigh
Est
ablis
ha
Mas
terC
ompo
ster
prog
ram
totra
invo
lunt
eers
topr
omot
eR
alei
ghE
stab
lish
a M
aste
r Com
post
er p
rogr
am to
trai
n vo
lunt
eers
to p
rom
ote
tii
thit
This
act
ion
was
com
plet
ed.
com
post
ing
in th
e co
mm
unity
This
act
ion
was
com
plet
ed.
Wak
e C
ount
yC
onsi
der c
onst
ruct
ing
a ya
rd w
aste
tran
sfer
sta
tion
at th
e Fe
ltons
ville
N
otye
tim
plem
ente
dTh
isac
tion
item
was
nota
ccom
plis
hed
due
toch
ange
inop
erat
iona
ldire
ctio
ny
gy
mul
timat
eria
l rec
yclin
g fa
cilit
y.N
ot y
et im
plem
ente
dTh
is a
ctio
n ite
m w
as n
ot a
ccom
plis
hed
due
to c
hang
e in
ope
ratio
nal d
irect
ion.
mul
timat
eria
l rec
yclin
g fa
cilit
y.W
ake
Cou
nty
Exp
lore
feas
ibili
ty o
f one
or m
ore
food
com
post
ing
prog
ram
s th
at m
ight
W
ake
Cou
nty
Exp
lore
feas
ibili
ty o
f one
or m
ore
food
com
post
ing
prog
ram
s th
at m
ight
in
volv
eC
IIfo
odw
aste
gene
rato
rsan
dco
ntin
uepr
omot
ing
food
was
teTh
isac
tion
was
com
plet
ed.
invo
lve
CII
food
was
te g
ener
ator
s an
d co
ntin
ue p
rom
otin
g fo
od w
aste
re
duct
ion
dive
rsio
nan
dco
mpo
stin
gby
CII
esta
blis
hmen
tsTh
is a
ctio
n w
as c
ompl
eted
.re
duct
ion,
div
ersi
on a
nd c
ompo
stin
g by
CII
esta
blis
hmen
tsW
ake
Cou
nty
Fund
pilo
tpro
ject
sth
athe
lppr
omot
efo
odw
aste
com
post
ing
asa
viab
leW
ake
Cou
nty
Fund
pilo
t pro
ject
s th
at h
elp
prom
ote
food
was
te c
ompo
stin
g as
a v
iabl
e ti
tdi
ld
td
blk
Nt
til
td
Thi
tiit
tli
hd
dt
lk
ft
ffti
dth
iiti
optio
n to
dis
posa
l, an
d as
a m
eans
to d
ecre
ase
sew
er b
lock
ages
.N
ot y
et im
plem
ente
dTh
is a
ctio
n ite
m w
as n
ot a
ccom
plis
hed
due
to la
ck o
f sta
ff tim
e an
d ot
her p
riorit
ies.
Wak
e C
ount
yR
ecog
nize
bus
ines
ses
and
inst
itutio
ns th
at im
plem
ent t
he fo
od w
aste
N
otye
tim
plem
ente
dTh
isac
tion
item
was
nota
ccom
plis
hed
due
tola
ckof
staf
ftim
ean
dot
herp
riorit
ies
yg
phi
erar
chy.
Not
yet
impl
emen
ted
This
act
ion
item
was
not
acc
ompl
ishe
d du
e to
lack
of s
taff
time
and
othe
r prio
ritie
s.hi
erar
chy.
Wak
eC
ount
yR
esea
rch
viab
leco
mpo
stin
gte
chno
logi
es,f
ood
was
teor
dina
nces
,and
Nt
til
td
Thi
tiit
tli
hd
dt
lk
ft
ffti
dth
iiti
Wak
e C
ount
yR
esea
rch
viab
le c
ompo
stin
g te
chno
logi
es, f
ood
was
te o
rdin
ance
s, a
nd
benc
hmar
ksfo
rfoo
dw
aste
man
agem
ents
yste
ms
natio
nwid
eN
ot y
et im
plem
ente
dTh
is a
ctio
n ite
m w
as n
ot a
ccom
plis
hed
due
to la
ck o
f sta
ff tim
e an
d ot
her p
riorit
ies.
benc
hmar
ks fo
r foo
d w
aste
man
agem
ent s
yste
ms
natio
nwid
e.
App
endi
x D
Pro
gres
s S
umm
ary
of In
tend
ed A
ctio
ns
Juris
dict
ion
Impl
emen
ted
Act
ions
Com
men
tsIn
tend
edA
ctio
nEd
ucat
ion
Juris
dict
ion
Impl
emen
ted
Act
ions
Com
men
tsIn
tend
ed A
ctio
n - E
duca
tion
All
Juris
dict
ions
Exp
and
use
ofju
risdi
ctio
nw
ebsi
tes
topr
ovid
ein
form
atio
nab
outt
heA
ll Ju
risdi
ctio
nsE
xpan
d us
e of
juris
dict
ion
web
site
s to
pro
vide
info
rmat
ion
abou
t the
be
nefit
sof
was
tere
duct
ion
and
recy
clin
gan
dth
elin
kbe
twee
n(p
artia
l)Th
is a
ctio
n ite
m w
as a
ccom
plis
hed
by W
ake
Cou
nty
and
seve
ral o
ther
be
nefit
s of
was
te re
duct
ion
and
recy
clin
g, a
nd th
e lin
k be
twee
n co
nsum
ptio
nan
dw
aste
gene
ratio
n/re
sour
cede
plet
ion
(par
tial)
py
yju
risdi
ctio
ns.
cons
umpt
ion
and
was
te g
ener
atio
n/ re
sour
ce d
eple
tion.
j
All
Ji
diti
Udi
lb
thd
kt
itt
All
Juris
dict
ions
Use
dis
play
boo
ths
and
spea
kers
at c
omm
unity
eve
nts.
Th
is a
ctio
n w
as c
ompl
eted
.Th
is a
ctio
n w
as c
ompl
eted
.
All
Ji
diti
Itit
tC
tid
td
tid
lii
Thi
tih
bi
lt
dd
tit
bi
itd
bt
iA
ll Ju
risdi
ctio
nsIn
stitu
te a
Cou
ntyw
ide
was
te re
duct
ion
and
recy
clin
g ca
mpa
ign.
(ong
oing
)Th
is a
ctio
n ha
s be
en im
plem
ente
d an
d co
ntin
ues
to b
e re
visi
ted
by c
erta
in
ji
diti
(ong
oing
)ju
risdi
ctio
ns.
All
Juris
dict
ions
Impl
emen
t pro
cedu
res
to e
nsur
e th
at n
ew re
side
nts
rece
ive
pp
com
preh
ensi
ve in
form
atio
n ab
out r
ecyc
ling
prog
ram
mat
eria
ls a
nd
This
act
ion
was
com
plet
ed.
com
preh
ensi
ve in
form
atio
n ab
out r
ecyc
ling
prog
ram
mat
eria
ls a
nd
man
agem
ento
fspe
cial
was
tes.
This
act
ion
was
com
plet
ed.
man
agem
ent o
f spe
cial
was
tes.
All
Juris
dict
ions
Ens
ure
that
resi
dent
sar
em
ade
awar
eof
illeg
aldi
spos
al/li
tter
All
Juris
dict
ions
Ens
ure
that
resi
dent
s ar
e m
ade
awar
e of
ille
gal d
ispo
sal/l
itter
or
dina
nces
and
the
cons
eque
nces
ofill
egal
disp
osal
/litte
rth
roug
hw
ebTh
isac
tion
was
com
plet
edor
dina
nces
and
the
cons
eque
nces
of i
llega
l dis
posa
l/litt
er, t
hrou
gh w
eb
site
and
othe
rmed
iaou
tlets
This
act
ion
was
com
plet
ed.
site
and
oth
er m
edia
out
lets
.A
llJ
idi
tiW
kith
thC
tt
iiti
CII
tth
ti
dti
dC
td
ld
Th
Tk
bit
Rl
ih
tit
kith
thA
ll Ju
risdi
ctio
nsW
ork
with
the
Cou
nty
to p
riorit
ize
CII
sect
ors
that
requ
ire e
duca
tion,
and
C
ount
y de
velo
ped
Tras
h Ta
kers
on
web
site
. Ral
eigh
con
tinue
s to
wor
k w
ith th
e de
velo
p/im
plem
ent e
duca
tion
prog
ram
s. In
par
ticul
ar, e
nhan
ce
(ong
oing
)C
BD
on
the
recy
clin
g pr
ogra
m.
pp
pg
ped
ucat
ion
to C
&D
gen
erat
ors.
(ong
oing
)y
gp
g&
gA
ll Ju
risdi
ctio
nsE
duca
te c
itize
ns a
bout
Wak
e C
ount
y H
HW
faci
litie
s an
d co
nven
ienc
e Th
iti
lt
dA
ll Ju
risdi
ctio
nsE
duca
te c
itize
ns a
bout
Wak
e C
ount
y H
HW
faci
litie
s an
d co
nven
ienc
e ce
nter
sfo
rdis
posa
lofs
peci
alw
aste
sTh
is a
ctio
n w
as c
ompl
eted
.ce
nter
s fo
r dis
posa
l of s
peci
al w
aste
sA
llJu
risdi
ctio
nsE
duca
teci
tizen
sab
outt
heim
porta
nce
ofpr
oper
lydi
spos
ing
HH
Wan
dC
ount
ypr
epar
edne
wsp
aper
inse
rt;ot
hers
post
info
rmat
ion
onw
ebsi
tes
All
Juris
dict
ions
Edu
cate
citi
zens
abo
ut th
e im
porta
nce
of p
rope
rly d
ispo
sing
HH
W a
nd
othe
rspe
cial
was
teC
ount
y pr
epar
ed n
ewsp
aper
inse
rt; o
ther
s po
st in
form
atio
n on
web
site
s.ot
her s
peci
al w
aste
.A
llJu
risdi
ctio
nsE
nsur
eth
atal
lstu
dent
sha
veth
eop
portu
nity
tole
arn
thro
ugh
All
Juris
dict
ions
Ens
ure
that
all
stud
ents
hav
e th
e op
portu
nity
to le
arn
thro
ugh
tii
tii
lii
thh
lTh
isac
tion
was
com
plet
ed.
parti
cipa
tion
in re
cycl
ing
prog
ram
s in
the
scho
ol.
This
act
ion
was
com
plet
ed.
Ape
xE
xpan
d S
choo
l Res
ourc
e O
ffice
Pro
gram
from
the
high
sch
ool t
o bo
th
pp
gg
mid
dle
scho
ols,
with
env
ironm
enta
l iss
ues
feat
ured
as
an im
porta
nt p
art
(par
tial)
Pro
gram
in p
lace
; stil
l wor
king
to fu
lly im
plem
ent i
t.m
iddl
e sc
hool
s, w
ith e
nviro
nmen
tal i
ssue
s fe
atur
ed a
s an
impo
rtant
par
t of
the
curr
icul
um.
(par
tial)
Pro
gram
in p
lace
; stil
l wor
king
to fu
lly im
plem
ent i
t.of
the
curr
icul
um.
Car
yIn
crea
seco
nsum
ered
ucat
ion
abou
topt
ions
fors
peci
alw
aste
Thi
til
td
Car
yIn
crea
se c
onsu
mer
edu
catio
n ab
out o
ptio
ns fo
r spe
cial
was
teTh
is a
ctio
n w
as c
ompl
eted
.
Car
y(C
ary
and
Wak
eC
ount
y)P
rom
ote
used
oilr
ecyc
ling
prog
ram
Thi
til
td
Car
y(C
ary
and
Wak
e C
ount
y) P
rom
ote
used
oil
recy
clin
g pr
ogra
m.
This
act
ion
was
com
plet
ed.
Car
yTr
ansl
ate
som
eco
nsum
ered
ucat
ion
docu
men
tsin
toS
pani
shC
ary
Tran
slat
e so
me
cons
umer
edu
catio
n do
cum
ents
into
Spa
nish
Not
yet
impl
emen
ted
This
act
ion
item
was
not
acc
ompl
ishe
d du
e to
lack
of s
taff
time
and
othe
r prio
ritie
s.y
pp
p
Car
yD
istri
bute
educ
atio
nalp
acke
tsto
CII
esta
blis
hmen
tson
good
was
teC
ary
Dis
tribu
te e
duca
tiona
l pac
kets
to C
II es
tabl
ishm
ents
on
good
was
te
td
liti
Not
yet
impl
emen
ted
This
act
ion
item
was
not
acc
ompl
ishe
d du
e to
lack
of s
taff
time
and
othe
r prio
ritie
s.m
anag
emen
t and
recy
clin
g pr
actic
es.
Not
yet
impl
emen
ted
This
act
ion
item
was
not
acc
ompl
ishe
d du
e to
lack
of s
taff
time
and
othe
r prio
ritie
s.
Rl
ih
Cid
il
idi
iii
lb
df
Rd
di
iC
/Sl
Ch
hii
Ral
eigh
Con
side
r im
plem
entin
g or
dina
nce
requ
iring
mat
eria
ls b
anne
d fro
m
Not
yeti
mpl
emen
ted
Red
unda
nt to
exi
stin
g C
ount
y/S
tate
rule
s; C
hose
not
to p
ursu
e at
this
tim
e.g
gg
disp
osal
be
recy
cled
(e.g
.,. c
ans,
pla
stic
bot
tles)
Not
yet
impl
emen
ted
gy
py
(g
,,p
)R
alei
ghC
onsi
der i
mpl
emen
ting
ordi
nanc
e re
quiri
ng m
ulti-
fam
ily c
ompl
exes
to
Not
yeti
mpl
emen
ted
This
actio
nite
mw
asno
tacc
ompl
ishe
ddu
eto
lack
ofst
afft
ime
and
othe
rprio
ritie
sR
alei
ghC
onsi
der i
mpl
emen
ting
ordi
nanc
e re
quiri
ng m
ulti
fam
ily c
ompl
exes
to
recy
cle
inor
dert
oge
tdis
coun
ted
garb
age
rate
s.N
ot y
et im
plem
ente
dTh
is a
ctio
n ite
m w
as n
ot a
ccom
plis
hed
due
to la
ck o
f sta
ff tim
e an
d ot
her p
riorit
ies.
recy
cle
in o
rder
to g
et d
isco
unte
d ga
rbag
e ra
tes.
Ral
eigh
Est
ablis
hpo
licy
forr
ecyc
ling
atsp
ecia
leve
nts
such
asco
ncer
tsor
Ral
eigh
Est
ablis
h po
licy
for r
ecyc
ling
at s
peci
al e
vent
s su
ch a
s co
ncer
ts o
r sp
ortin
gac
tiviti
esTh
is a
ctio
n w
as c
ompl
eted
.sp
ortin
g ac
tiviti
es.
p
Ral
eigh
Sen
dm
aile
rsto
M/F
com
plex
esan
dsm
allb
usin
esse
spr
omot
ing
Ral
eigh
Sen
d m
aile
rs to
M/F
com
plex
es a
nd s
mal
l bus
ines
ses
prom
otin
g ti
iti
ili
dti
flC
lY
Fil
CB
D a
nd G
lenw
ood
Sou
th g
arba
ge c
usto
mer
s w
ere
info
rmed
of n
ew A
BC
law
.pa
rtici
patio
n in
recy
clin
g; e
xpan
d pr
omot
ion
of a
nnua
l Cle
an Y
our F
iles
CB
D a
nd G
lenw
ood
Sou
th g
arba
ge c
usto
mer
s w
ere
info
rmed
of n
ew A
BC
law
.
Day
eve
nt.
yW
ake
Cou
nty
Dev
elop
a s
erie
s of
inse
rts ta
ken
from
the
Cou
nty’
s S
W O
rdin
ance
to
Not
yeti
mpl
emen
ted
This
actio
nite
mw
asno
tacc
ompl
ishe
ddu
eto
lack
ofst
afft
ime
and
othe
rprio
ritie
sa
eC
ouy
ee
opa
sees
ose
sa
eo
eC
ouy
sS
Od
ace
opr
ovid
e to
the
publ
ic w
hen
cite
d fo
r ille
gal d
umpi
ng v
iola
tions
.N
ot y
et im
plem
ente
dTh
is a
ctio
n ite
m w
as n
ot a
ccom
plis
hed
due
to la
ck o
f sta
ff tim
e an
d ot
her p
riorit
ies.
prov
ide
to th
e pu
blic
whe
n ci
ted
for i
llega
l dum
ping
vio
latio
ns.
Wak
eC
ount
yD
evel
opm
arke
ting
prog
ram
usin
gbe
nefit
sgl
eane
dfro
mC
IIfo
cus
Ni
ld
Thi
ii
lih
dd
lk
fff
id
hi
iiW
ake
Cou
nty
Dev
elop
mar
ketin
g pr
ogra
m u
sing
ben
efits
gle
aned
from
CII
focu
s gr
oups
and
surv
ey(a
ppro
pria
tech
anne
lsan
def
fect
ive
mes
sage
s)N
ot y
et im
plem
ente
dTh
is a
ctio
n ite
m w
as n
ot a
ccom
plis
hed
due
to la
ck o
f sta
ff tim
e an
d ot
her p
riorit
ies.
grou
ps a
nd s
urve
y (a
ppro
pria
te c
hann
els
and
effe
ctiv
e m
essa
ges)
y
Wak
eC
ount
yC
olla
bora
tew
ithth
eW
ake
Cou
nty
Pub
licS
choo
lSys
tem
(WC
PS
S)a
ndW
ake
Cou
nty
Col
labo
rate
with
the
Wak
e C
ount
y P
ublic
Sch
ool S
yste
m (W
CP
SS
) and
ot
hera
ppro
pria
teC
ount
yag
enci
esto
deve
lop
spec
ific
educ
atio
nal
othe
r app
ropr
iate
Cou
nty
agen
cies
to d
evel
op s
peci
fic e
duca
tiona
l th
tid
it
td
dit
df
prog
ram
s th
at p
rovi
de a
con
sist
ent a
nd c
oord
inat
ed m
essa
ge o
f pro
per
This
actio
nw
asco
mpl
eted
solid
was
te m
anag
emen
t and
env
ironm
enta
l ste
war
dshi
p fo
r stu
dent
s,
This
act
ion
was
com
plet
ed.
gp
,C
ount
y em
ploy
ees,
and
the
gene
ral p
ublic
.C
ount
y em
ploy
ees,
and
the
gene
ral p
ublic
.
Wen
dell
App
lyfo
rgra
ntto
prom
ote
phon
ebo
okre
cycl
ing
insc
hool
sN
otim
plem
ente
dC
hose
nott
opu
rsue
this
actio
nW
ende
llA
pply
for g
rant
to p
rom
ote
phon
e bo
ok re
cycl
ing
in s
choo
ls.
Not
impl
emen
ted
Cho
se n
ot to
pur
sue
this
act
ion.
Zebu
lon
(and
Mor
risvi
lleG
arne
rW
ake
Fore
st)S
eek
assi
stan
cefro
mC
ount
yto
Zebu
lon
(and
Mor
risvi
lle, G
arne
r, W
ake
Fore
st) S
eek
assi
stan
ce fr
om C
ount
y to
en
hanc
eed
ucat
ion/
prom
otio
nm
ater
ials
(par
tial)
Cou
nty
has
prov
ided
som
e as
sist
ance
. Lin
ks to
Cou
nty
web
site
est
ablis
hed.
enha
nce
educ
atio
n/pr
omot
ion
mat
eria
ls.
(par
tial)
Cou
tyas
po
ded
soe
ass
sta
ces
toC
outy
ebs
tees
tab
sed
App
endi
x D
Pro
gres
s S
umm
ary
of In
tend
ed A
ctio
ns
Juris
dict
ion
Inte
nded
Act
ion
Spec
ialW
aste
Impl
emen
ted
Act
ions
Com
men
tsJu
risdi
ctio
nIn
tend
ed A
ctio
n - S
peci
al W
aste
Impl
emen
ted
Act
ions
Com
men
ts
All
Juris
dict
ions
Con
side
rfea
sibi
lity
ofad
ding
curb
side
colle
ctio
nof
addi
tiona
lspe
cial
Cer
tain
mun
icip
aliti
esev
alua
ted
this
and/
orbe
gan
offe
ring
spec
ialw
aste
colle
ctio
nA
ll Ju
risdi
ctio
nsC
onsi
der f
easi
bilit
y of
add
ing
curb
side
col
lect
ion
of a
dditi
onal
spe
cial
w
aste
sei
ther
dire
ctly
orth
roug
hco
ntra
ctne
gotia
tions
(par
tial)
Cer
tain
mun
icip
aliti
es e
valu
ated
this
and
/or b
egan
offe
ring
spec
ial w
aste
col
lect
ion
(eg
Car
yw
ithus
edco
okin
goi
lpro
gram
)w
aste
s, e
ither
dire
ctly
or t
hrou
gh c
ontra
ct n
egot
iatio
ns.
(par
tial)
(e.g
. Car
y w
ith u
sed
cook
ing
oil p
rogr
am).
All
Juris
dict
ions
Pro
mot
eus
eof
alla
vaila
ble
spec
ialw
aste
man
agem
ento
ptio
nsbo
thA
llav
aila
ble
spec
ialw
aste
man
agem
ento
ptio
nsof
fere
dby
loca
lgov
ernm
ents
are
All
Juris
dict
ions
Pro
mot
e us
e of
all
avai
labl
e sp
ecia
l was
te m
anag
emen
t opt
ions
bot
h bl
id
it
(b
tti
dil
lt
ill
tiit
)A
ll av
aila
ble
spec
ial w
aste
man
agem
ent o
ptio
ns o
ffere
d by
loca
l gov
ernm
ents
are
t
di
it
fP
it
tit
db
ti
publ
ic a
nd p
rivat
e (e
.g.,
batte
ries,
use
d oi
l, el
ectro
nics
col
lect
ion
site
s)(p
artia
l)pr
omot
ed u
sing
a v
arie
ty o
f mea
ns; P
rivat
e op
tions
are
pro
mot
ed b
y ce
rtain
j
idi
i(p
)ju
risdi
ctio
ns.
jA
ll Ju
risdi
ctio
nsP
artn
er w
ith R
echa
rgea
ble
Bat
tery
Rec
yclin
g C
orpo
ratio
n to
acc
ept
(ti
l)R
alei
ghan
dC
ary
have
com
plet
edth
isac
tion
gy
yg
pp
rech
arge
able
bat
terie
s fro
m re
side
nts
at d
rop
off l
ocat
ions
.(p
artia
l)R
alei
gh a
nd C
ary
have
com
plet
ed th
is a
ctio
n.re
char
geab
le b
atte
ries
from
resi
dent
s at
dro
p of
f loc
atio
ns.
All
Juris
dict
ions
Pro
vide
curb
side
colle
ctio
nof
whi
tego
ods
ona
sche
dule
dor
requ
est
Thi
til
td
All
Juris
dict
ions
Pro
vide
cur
bsid
e co
llect
ion
of w
hite
goo
ds o
n a
sche
dule
d or
requ
est
basi
sei
ther
dire
ctly
orth
roug
ha
cont
ract
edha
uler
This
act
ion
was
com
plet
ed.
basi
s ei
ther
dire
ctly
or t
hrou
gh a
con
tract
ed h
aule
r.G
arne
rE
valu
ate
was
teoi
lcol
lect
ion
ordr
opof
ffac
ilitie
sfo
rpos
sibl
epr
ogra
mG
arne
rE
valu
ate
was
te o
il co
llect
ion
or d
rop-
off f
acili
ties
for p
ossi
ble
prog
ram
ex
pans
ion
Not
yet
impl
emen
ted
This
act
ion
item
was
not
acc
ompl
ishe
d du
e to
lack
of s
taff
time
and
othe
r prio
ritie
s.ex
pans
ion.
Not
yet
impl
emen
ted
This
act
ion
item
was
not
acc
ompl
ishe
d du
e to
lack
of s
taff
time
and
othe
r prio
ritie
s.
GH
HH
Wll
tit
Gar
ner
Hav
e a
HH
W c
olle
ctio
n ev
ent.
Not
yeti
mpl
emen
ted
This
actio
nite
mw
asno
tacc
ompl
ishe
ddu
eto
lack
ofst
afft
ime
and
othe
rprio
ritie
sN
ot y
et im
plem
ente
dTh
is a
ctio
n ite
m w
as n
ot a
ccom
plis
hed
due
to la
ck o
f sta
ff tim
e an
d ot
her p
riorit
ies.
Hol
ly S
prin
gsIn
coo
pera
tion
with
Wak
e C
ount
y, e
xplo
re m
eans
to fu
rther
div
ert f
rom
o
yS
pgs
coop
ea
oa
eC
ouy,
ep
oe
eas
ou
ed
eo
disp
osal
of u
sed
mot
or o
il, in
dust
rial w
aste
and
med
ical
was
te.
(ong
oing
)To
wn
recy
cles
its
own
mot
or o
ildi
spos
al o
f use
d m
otor
oil,
indu
stria
l was
te a
nd m
edic
al w
aste
.(o
ngoi
ng)
Tow
n re
cycl
es it
s ow
n m
otor
oil
Mor
risvi
lleE
xplo
reop
portu
nitie
sfo
rper
iodi
cco
llect
ion
ofsp
ecia
lwas
tes
Mor
risvi
lleE
xplo
re o
ppor
tuni
ties
for p
erio
dic
colle
ctio
n of
spe
cial
was
tes.
Not
yet
impl
emen
ted
This
act
ion
item
was
not
acc
ompl
ishe
d du
e to
lack
of s
taff
time
and
othe
r prio
ritie
s.y
pp
p
Wak
eC
ont
Re
asse
ssse
ric
esto
bepr
oid
edb
con
enie
nce
cent
ers
base
don
Wak
e C
ount
yR
e-as
sess
ser
vice
s to
be
prov
ided
by
conv
enie
nce
cent
ers,
bas
ed o
n th
tff
hii
iti
tii
ldi
llti
fN
tti
lt
dTh
iti
itt
lih
dTh
jti
hld
the
outc
ome
of fr
anch
isin
g in
vest
igat
ions
, inc
ludi
ng c
olle
ctio
n of
N
ot y
et im
plem
ente
dTh
is a
ctio
n ite
m w
as n
ot a
ccom
plis
hed.
The
pro
ject
is o
n ho
ld.
addi
tiona
l typ
es o
f spe
cial
was
tes.
ypp
Wak
e C
ount
yE
stab
lish
whi
te g
oods
gra
nts
prog
ram
.Th
isac
tion
was
com
plet
edW
ake
Cou
nty
Est
ablis
h w
hite
goo
ds g
rant
s pr
ogra
m.
This
act
ion
was
com
plet
ed.
Juris
dict
ion
Inte
nded
Act
ion
Litte
rMan
agem
ent
Impl
emen
ted
Act
ions
Com
men
tsJu
risdi
ctio
nIn
tend
ed A
ctio
n - L
itter
Man
agem
ent
Impl
emen
ted
Act
ions
Com
men
ts
All
Juris
dict
ions
Est
ablis
hm
eans
toqu
antit
ativ
ely
asse
ssdi
spos
alan
dlit
terin
gin
cide
nts
All
Juris
dict
ions
Est
ablis
h m
eans
to q
uant
itativ
ely
asse
ss d
ispo
sal a
nd li
tterin
g in
cide
nts.
(par
tial)
Ral
eigh
and
Wak
e C
ount
y ha
ve c
ompl
eted
this
act
ion.
(par
tial)
gy
p
All
Juris
dict
ions
Enf
orce
illeg
aldu
mpi
ngan
dlit
tero
rdin
ance
sm
ore
aggr
essi
vely
All
Juris
dict
ions
Enf
orce
ille
gal d
umpi
ng a
nd li
tter o
rdin
ance
s m
ore
aggr
essi
vely
.(p
artia
l)Th
is a
ctio
n w
as c
ompl
eted
by
certa
in ju
risdi
ctio
ns.
(par
tial)
This
act
ion
was
com
plet
ed b
y ce
rtain
juris
dict
ions
.
All
Juris
dict
ions
Offe
rbul
kyw
aste
colle
ctio
non
aw
eekl
yby
requ
est
orsp
ecia
leve
ntA
ll Ju
risdi
ctio
nsO
ffer b
ulky
was
te c
olle
ctio
n on
a w
eekl
y, b
y re
ques
t, or
spe
cial
eve
nt
bi
ddi
li
tTh
isac
tion
was
com
plet
ed.
basi
s, a
nd d
ispo
se o
r rec
ycle
as
appr
opria
te.
This
act
ion
was
com
plet
ed.
All
Juris
dict
ions
Info
rm re
side
nts
of c
onse
quen
ces
for i
llega
l dis
posa
l, an
d pr
oper
was
te
qg
p,
pp
disp
osal
met
hods
, via
Tow
n an
d C
ount
y w
eb s
ites
and
othe
r med
ia,
This
act
ion
was
com
plet
ed.
disp
osal
met
hods
, via
Tow
n an
d C
ount
y w
eb s
ites
and
othe
r med
ia,
such
as
new
spap
ers.
This
act
ion
was
com
plet
ed.
such
as
new
spap
ers.
All
Juris
dict
ions
Col
lect
illeg
ally
disp
osed
litte
rand
was
teTh
iti
lt
dA
ll Ju
risdi
ctio
nsC
olle
ct il
lega
lly d
ispo
sed
litte
r and
was
te.
This
act
ion
was
com
plet
ed.
All
Juris
dict
ions
Sup
port
Ado
pt-A
Hig
hway
Pro
gram
.Th
iti
lt
db
ti
ji
diti
All
Juris
dict
ions
Sup
port
Ado
pt-A
Hig
hway
Pro
gram
.Th
is a
ctio
n w
as c
ompl
eted
by
certa
in ju
risdi
ctio
ns.
Ral
eigh
Add
Litte
rCon
trolS
peci
alis
tto
SW
SS
taff
forp
ublic
educ
atio
n/re
latio
nsR
alei
ghA
dd L
itter
Con
trol S
peci
alis
t to
SW
S S
taff
for p
ublic
edu
catio
n/ re
latio
ns
&en
forc
emen
tofl
itter
cont
rolo
rdin
ance
sTh
is a
ctio
n w
as c
ompl
eted
.&
enf
orce
men
t of l
itter
con
trol o
rdin
ance
s.p
Wak
eC
ount
yC
reat
een
viro
nmen
tal/w
aste
man
agem
ente
nfor
cem
ento
ffice
rpos
ition
Wak
e C
ount
yC
reat
e en
viro
nmen
tal/w
aste
man
agem
ent e
nfor
cem
ent o
ffice
r pos
ition
an
dhi
rest
aff
This
act
ion
was
com
plet
ed.
and
hire
sta
ff.Th
is a
ctio
n w
as c
ompl
eted
.
Wk
Ct
Cid
fhi
iid
til
lidt
dl
blll
tii
Wak
e C
ount
yC
onsi
der f
ranc
hisi
ng re
side
ntia
l sol
id w
aste
and
recy
clab
les
colle
ctio
n in
un
inco
rpor
ated
are
as a
nd p
rovi
ding
bot
h se
rvic
es to
uni
ncor
pora
ted
Not
yeti
mpl
emen
ted
This
actio
nite
mw
asno
tacc
ompl
ishe
ddu
eto
lack
ofst
afft
ime
and
othe
rprio
ritie
sp
pg
pho
useh
olds
on
auto
mat
ic/fe
e ba
sis,
as
a m
eans
of r
educ
ing
litte
r and
N
ot y
et im
plem
ente
dTh
is a
ctio
n ite
m w
as n
ot a
ccom
plis
hed
due
to la
ck o
f sta
ff tim
e an
d ot
her p
riorit
ies.
hous
ehol
ds o
n au
tom
atic
/fee
basi
s, a
s a
mea
ns o
f red
ucin
g lit
ter a
nd
illeg
aldu
mpi
ng.
illeg
al d
umpi
ng.
App
endi
x D
Pro
gres
s S
umm
ary
of In
tend
ed A
ctio
ns
Juris
dict
ion
Inte
nded
Act
ion
Buy
Rec
ycle
dIm
plem
ente
dA
ctio
nsC
omm
ents
Juris
dict
ion
Inte
nded
Act
ion
- Buy
Rec
ycle
dIm
plem
ente
d A
ctio
nsC
omm
ents
All
Juris
dict
ions
Impl
emen
tafo
rmal
buy
recy
cled
polic
yfo
rgov
ernm
ento
ffice
san
dA
ll Ju
risdi
ctio
nsIm
plem
ent a
form
al b
uy re
cycl
ed p
olic
y fo
r gov
ernm
ent o
ffice
s an
d fa
cilit
ies
incl
udin
gpr
ovis
ions
forp
urch
ase
ofre
cycl
edco
nten
tbui
ldin
gIn
form
alpo
licie
sar
efo
llow
edin
man
yju
risdi
ctio
nsO
nly
two
have
form
alpo
licie
sfa
cilit
ies,
incl
udin
g pr
ovis
ions
for p
urch
ase
of re
cycl
ed c
onte
nt b
uild
ing
mat
eria
lsas
aco
mpo
nent
ofen
viro
nmen
tally
pref
erab
lepu
rcha
sing
(par
tial)
Info
rmal
pol
icie
s ar
e fo
llow
ed in
man
y ju
risdi
ctio
ns. O
nly
two
have
form
al p
olic
ies
inpl
ace
mat
eria
ls a
s a
com
pone
nt o
f env
ironm
enta
lly p
refe
rabl
e pu
rcha
sing
(E
PP
)(p
artia
l)in
pla
ce.
(EP
P) p
rogr
ams.
All
Ji
dii
Dl
ddi
ii
fi
hid
il
llA
ll Ju
risdi
ctio
nsD
evel
op a
nd d
isse
min
ate
info
rmat
ion
to th
e re
side
ntia
l sec
tor,
as w
ell a
s th
e C
II se
ctor
rega
rdin
g th
e im
porta
nce
of p
urch
asin
g re
cycl
ed c
onte
nt
Not
yet
impl
emen
ted
This
act
ion
item
was
not
acc
ompl
ishe
d du
e to
lack
of s
taff
time
and
othe
r prio
ritie
s.g
gp
pg
ypr
oduc
ts, p
artic
ular
ly b
uild
ing
mat
eria
ls.
yp
pp
prod
ucts
, par
ticul
arly
bui
ldin
g m
ater
ials
.R
alei
ghC
onsi
dere
xpan
ding
buy
recy
cled
polic
yto
incl
ude
goal
san
dm
inim
umN
tti
lt
dTh
iti
itt
lih
dd
tl
kf
tff
tid
thi
itiR
alei
ghC
onsi
der e
xpan
ding
buy
recy
cled
pol
icy
to in
clud
e go
als
and
min
imum
re
quire
men
tsN
ot y
et im
plem
ente
dTh
is a
ctio
n ite
m w
as n
ot a
ccom
plis
hed
due
to la
ck o
f sta
ff tim
e an
d ot
her p
riorit
ies.
requ
irem
ents
Wak
eC
ount
y(w
ithas
sist
ance
from
othe
rjur
isdi
ctio
ns)D
evel
opan
dm
ake
avai
labl
eto
Wak
e C
ount
y(w
ith a
ssis
tanc
e fro
m o
ther
juris
dict
ions
) Dev
elop
and
mak
e av
aila
ble
to
the
resi
dent
san
dth
eC
IIse
ctor
adi
rect
ory
ofre
cycl
edco
nten
tpro
duct
sN
otye
tim
plem
ente
dTh
isac
tion
item
was
nota
ccom
plis
hed
due
tola
ckof
staf
ftim
ean
dot
herp
riorit
ies
the
resi
dent
s an
d th
e C
II se
ctor
, a d
irect
ory
of re
cycl
ed c
onte
nt p
rodu
cts
dth
ili
Not
yet
impl
emen
ted
This
act
ion
item
was
not
acc
ompl
ishe
d du
e to
lack
of s
taff
time
and
othe
r prio
ritie
s.an
d th
eir s
uppl
iers
.
Juris
dict
ion
Com
men
tsIn
tend
edA
ctio
nD
isas
terR
espo
nse
Impl
emen
ted
Act
ions
Juris
dict
ion
Com
men
tsIn
tend
ed A
ctio
n - D
isas
ter R
espo
nse
Impl
emen
ted
Act
ions
All
Juris
dict
ions
Dev
elop
afo
rmal
disa
ster
resp
onse
plan
that
fully
expl
ains
how
debr
isA
ll Ju
risdi
ctio
nsD
evel
op a
form
al d
isas
ter r
espo
nse
plan
that
fully
exp
lain
s ho
w d
ebris
fro
mdi
sast
erev
ents
will
bem
anag
edA
ppro
pria
tedi
spos
alof
solid
from
dis
aste
r eve
nts
will
be
man
aged
. App
ropr
iate
dis
posa
l of s
olid
w
aste
sw
illbe
coor
dina
ted
with
Cou
nty
Sta
tean
dFe
dera
lage
ncie
s(p
artia
l)Th
is a
ctio
n w
as c
ompl
eted
by
certa
in ju
risdi
ctio
ns.
was
tes
will
be
coor
dina
ted
with
Cou
nty,
Sta
te, a
nd F
eder
al a
genc
ies.
(par
tial)
py
j
All
Ji
diti
Dl
di
ti
lit
ft
til
blt
idi
dit
All
Juris
dict
ions
Dev
elop
and
mai
ntai
n a
list o
f con
tact
s av
aila
ble
to a
id in
dis
aste
r re
spon
se c
lean
up. C
onta
cts
coul
d in
clud
e ot
her j
uris
dict
ions
, priv
ate
(ti
l)Th
isac
tion
was
com
plet
edby
certa
inju
risdi
ctio
nsp
pj
,pco
ntra
ctor
s, a
nd s
houl
d in
clud
e ot
her S
tate
, Fed
eral
, and
regi
onal
(p
artia
l)Th
is a
ctio
n w
as c
ompl
eted
by
certa
in ju
risdi
ctio
ns.
cont
ract
ors,
and
sho
uld
incl
ude
othe
r Sta
te, F
eder
al, a
nd re
gion
al
agen
cies
.ag
enci
es.
Con
side
rest
ablis
hing
emer
genc
yM
gmtD
irect
orpo
sitio
nTh
iti
lt
dR
alei
ghC
onsi
der e
stab
lishi
ng e
mer
genc
y M
gmt D
irect
or p
ositi
onTh
is a
ctio
n w
as c
ompl
eted
.R
alei
ghW
ake
Cou
nty
Fina
lize
Cou
ntyw
ide
disa
ster
resp
onse
plan
that
inte
grat
esal
lmun
icip
alW
ake
Cou
nty
Fina
lize
Cou
ntyw
ide
disa
ster
resp
onse
pla
n th
at in
tegr
ates
all
mun
icip
al
plan
sTh
is a
ctio
n w
as c
ompl
eted
.pl
ans
p
Wak
eC
ount
yId
entif
yan
dob
tain
perm
itsfo
rdes
igna
ted
disa
ster
debr
ism
anag
emen
tW
ake
Cou
nty
Iden
tify
and
obta
in p
erm
its fo
r des
igna
ted
disa
ster
deb
ris m
anag
emen
t it
This
act
ion
was
com
plet
ed.
site
s.Th
is a
ctio
n w
as c
ompl
eted
.
Wk
CF
llid
lii
FEM
A’
Db
iM
Gid
dN
CW
ake
Cou
nty
Follo
w g
uide
lines
in F
EM
A’s
Deb
ris M
anag
emen
t Gui
de, a
nd N
C
yg
gD
ivis
ion
of E
mer
genc
y M
anag
emen
t Gui
de, a
nd N
C D
epar
tmen
t of
This
act
ion
was
com
plet
ed.
gy
g,
pE
nviro
nmen
tal N
atur
al D
isas
ter R
espo
nse
Doc
umen
ts.
pE
nviro
nmen
tal N
atur
al D
isas
ter R
espo
nse
Doc
umen
ts.
Juris
dict
ion
Inte
nded
Act
ion
- Pro
gram
Cos
ts a
nd F
inan
cing
Impl
emen
ted
Act
ions
Com
men
ts
All
Juris
dict
ions
Sta
ndar
dize
and
impl
emen
tful
lcos
tacc
ount
ing
proc
edur
esfo
rsol
id
gg
p
All
Juris
dict
ions
Sta
ndar
dize
and
impl
emen
t ful
l-cos
t acc
ount
ing
proc
edur
es fo
r sol
id
tt
(par
tial)
This
act
ion
was
larg
ely
com
plet
ed b
y m
ost j
uris
dict
ions
.w
aste
man
agem
ent p
rogr
ams.
(par
tial)
This
act
ion
was
larg
ely
com
plet
ed b
y m
ost j
uris
dict
ions
.
All
Juris
dict
ions
Con
duct
a b
ench
mar
king
ana
lysi
s to
und
erst
and
how
the
juris
dict
ions
’ g
yj
solid
was
te m
anag
emen
t cos
ts o
f ser
vice
and
rate
s co
mpa
re to
thos
e of
Th
isac
tion
was
com
plet
edby
Wak
eC
ount
yon
beha
lfof
alll
ocal
juris
dict
ions
solid
was
te m
anag
emen
t cos
ts o
f ser
vice
and
rate
s co
mpa
re to
thos
e of
ot
her c
omm
uniti
es in
the
regi
on o
r with
sim
ilar c
hara
cter
istic
s in
oth
er
This
act
ion
was
com
plet
ed b
y W
ake
Cou
nty,
on
beha
lf of
all
loca
l jur
isdi
ctio
ns.
othe
r com
mun
ities
in th
e re
gion
or w
ith s
imila
r cha
ract
eris
tics
in o
ther
re
gion
s.re
gion
s.A
llJu
risdi
ctio
nsC
onsi
deri
mpl
emen
ting
com
preh
ensi
veus
erfe
esy
stem
sfo
rsol
idw
aste
All
Juris
dict
ions
Con
side
r im
plem
entin
g co
mpr
ehen
sive
use
r fee
sys
tem
s fo
r sol
id w
aste
an
dre
cycl
able
sco
llect
ion
base
don
the
quan
tity
ofm
ater
ials
gene
rate
dan
d re
cycl
able
s co
llect
ion
base
d on
the
quan
tity
of m
ater
ials
gen
erat
ed,
toin
cent
ies
aste
red
ctio
nre
sean
dre
ccl
ing
asel
las
reco
erN
ot y
et im
plem
ente
dTh
is a
ctio
n ite
m w
as n
ot a
ccom
plis
hed
due
to la
ck o
f sta
ff tim
e an
d ot
her p
riorit
ies.
to in
cent
ives
was
te re
duct
ion,
reus
e, a
nd re
cycl
ing
as w
ell a
s re
cove
r t
Not
yet
impl
emen
ted
This
act
ion
item
was
not
acc
ompl
ishe
d du
e to
lack
of s
taff
time
and
othe
r prio
ritie
s.
cost
s.A
ll Ju
risdi
ctio
nsC
onsi
der i
mpl
emen
ting
ente
rpris
e fu
nds
to c
over
the
cost
s of
resi
dent
ial
(ti
l)W
ake
Cou
nty
is th
e on
ly ju
risdi
ctio
n to
use
ent
erpr
ise
fund
s. M
unic
ipal
p
gp
solid
was
te m
anag
emen
t ser
vice
s.(p
artia
l)y
yj
pp
gove
rnm
ents
hav
e la
rgel
y no
t nee
ded
to c
onsi
der t
his
appr
oach
.so
lid w
aste
man
agem
ent s
ervi
ces.
gove
rnm
ents
hav
e la
rgel
y no
t nee
ded
to c
onsi
der t
his
appr
oach
.A
llJu
risdi
ctio
nsE
xplo
reop
portu
nitie
sfo
rcoo
pera
tive
bidd
ing
and
cont
ract
ing
toob
tain
Sl
tT
til
bid
lidt
ii
2008
All
Juris
dict
ions
Exp
lore
opp
ortu
nitie
s fo
r coo
pera
tive
bidd
ing
and
cont
ract
ing
to o
btai
n se
rvic
eat
mor
eco
st-e
ffect
ive
cont
ract
rate
s(p
artia
l)S
ever
al e
aste
rn T
owns
coo
pera
tivel
y bi
d so
lid w
aste
ser
vice
s in
200
8.se
rvic
e at
mor
e co
st-e
ffect
ive
cont
ract
rate
s.(p
)W
ake
Cou
nty
Acc
urat
ely
alig
npr
ogra
mco
sts
with
reve
nues
and
deve
lop
sust
aina
ble
This
actio
nw
asco
mpl
eted
Add
ition
alre
venu
est
ream
sha
vean
dco
ntin
ueto
beW
ake
Cou
nty
Acc
urat
ely
alig
n pr
ogra
m c
osts
with
reve
nues
and
dev
elop
sus
tain
able
al
tern
ativ
efu
ndin
gst
rate
gies
This
act
ion
was
com
plet
ed. A
dditi
onal
reve
nue
stre
ams
have
and
con
tinue
to b
e ev
alua
ted
alte
rnat
ive
fund
ing
stra
tegi
es.
eval
uate
d.
App
endi
x D
Pro
gres
s S
umm
ary
of In
tend
ed A
ctio
ns
Juris
dict
ion
Inte
nded
Act
ion
Man
agem
enta
ndA
dmin
istr
atio
nIm
plem
ente
dA
ctio
nsC
omm
ents
Juris
dict
ion
Inte
nded
Act
ion
- Man
agem
ent a
nd A
dmin
istr
atio
nIm
plem
ente
d A
ctio
nsC
omm
ents
All
Juris
dict
ions
All
Juris
dict
ions
–P
rovi
defo
rem
ploy
eetra
inin
gan
ded
ucat
ion
asA
ll Ju
risdi
ctio
nsA
ll Ju
risdi
ctio
ns –
Pro
vide
for e
mpl
oyee
trai
ning
and
edu
catio
n, a
s ne
eded
toke
eppa
cew
ithjo
bre
quire
men
tsTh
is a
ctio
n w
as c
ompl
eted
.ne
eded
, to
keep
pac
e w
ith jo
b re
quire
men
ts.
p
All
Juris
dict
ions
All
Juris
dict
ions
Dev
elop
and
inst
itute
asy
stem
tope
riodi
cally
All
Juris
dict
ions
All
Juris
dict
ions
– D
evel
op a
nd in
stitu
te a
sys
tem
to p
erio
dica
lly
lt
tht
bfit
fth
tiiti
di
idd
Thl
lt
tit
lt
td
iev
alua
te th
e co
sts
vers
us b
enef
its o
f the
act
iviti
es a
nd s
ervi
ces
prov
ided
d
hlid
l(p
artia
l)Th
e lo
cal g
over
nmen
ts c
ontin
ue to
eva
luat
e pr
ogra
m c
osts
and
ser
vice
s.un
der e
ach
solid
was
te m
anag
emen
t pro
gram
ele
men
t(p
)g
gA
ll Ju
risdi
ctio
nsA
ll Ju
risdi
ctio
ns –
Eva
luat
e ex
istin
g pr
ivat
e se
ctor
rela
tions
hips
and
g
pp
expl
ore
oppo
rtuni
ties
for c
oope
rativ
e co
ntra
ctin
g, a
s w
ell a
s ad
ditio
nal
This
act
ion
was
com
plet
ed.
expl
ore
oppo
rtuni
ties
for c
oope
rativ
e co
ntra
ctin
g, a
s w
ell a
s ad
ditio
nal
publ
ic/p
rivat
epa
rtner
ship
oppo
rtuni
ties.
This
act
ion
was
com
plet
ed.
publ
ic/p
rivat
e pa
rtner
ship
opp
ortu
nitie
s.A
llJu
risdi
ctio
nsA
llJu
risdi
ctio
ns–
Par
ticip
ate
inre
gion
aldi
scus
sion
san
dex
plor
ing
All
Juris
dict
ions
All
Juris
dict
ions
– P
artic
ipat
e in
regi
onal
dis
cuss
ions
and
exp
lorin
g re
gion
alop
portu
nitie
sfo
renh
anci
ngso
lidw
aste
man
agem
enti
nth
eTh
is a
ctio
n w
as c
ompl
eted
. Wak
e C
ount
y co
ntin
ues
to e
valu
ate
regi
onal
re
gion
al o
ppor
tuni
ties
for e
nhan
cing
sol
id w
aste
man
agem
ent i
n th
e Tr
iang
lear
ea
py
gop
portu
nitie
s.Tr
iang
le a
rea.
oppo
rtuni
ties.
All
Ji
diti
All
Ji
diti
Pti
it
til
ili
dl
ttt
hS
tt
Thi
til
td
ti
ji
diti
hi
td
thC
tith
All
Juris
dict
ions
All
Juris
dict
ions
– P
artic
ipat
e ac
tivel
y in
pol
icy
deve
lopm
ent a
t the
Sta
te
(par
tial)
This
act
ion
was
com
plet
ed; c
erta
in ju
risdi
ctio
ns h
ave
assi
sted
the
Cou
nty
with
le
vel a
s it
affe
cts
oppo
rtuni
ties
for W
ake
Cou
nty.
(par
tial)
issu
es a
t the
Sta
te le
vel.
ppy
All
Juris
dict
ions
All
Juris
dict
ions
– D
evel
op a
nd in
stitu
te a
sys
tem
for o
ngoi
ng p
ublic
Ju
sdc
os
Jusd
co
se
eop
ad
su
ea
sys
eo
ogo
gpu
bc
invo
lvem
ent i
n so
lid w
aste
man
agem
ent p
lann
ing
and
deci
sion
mak
ing,
A
li
ld
thS
WLF
Citi
Citt
invo
lvem
ent i
n so
lid w
aste
man
agem
ent p
lann
ing
and
deci
sion
mak
ing,
in
clud
ing
esta
blis
hmen
tofa
dditi
onal
com
mitt
ees
com
pris
edof
loca
lA
n ex
ampl
e in
clud
es th
e S
WLF
Citi
zens
Com
mitt
ee.
incl
udin
g es
tabl
ishm
ent o
f add
ition
al c
omm
ittee
s co
mpr
ised
of l
ocal
ci
tizen
san
dbu
sine
ssre
pres
enta
tives
citiz
ens
and
busi
ness
repr
esen
tativ
es.
Wak
eC
ount
yW
ake
Cou
nty
Inco
oper
atio
nw
ithal
lWak
eju
risdi
ctio
nscr
eate
aso
lidW
ake
Cou
nty
Wak
e C
ount
y –
In c
oope
ratio
n w
ith a
ll W
ake
juris
dict
ions
, cre
ate
a so
lid
aste
man
agem
entp
lan
impl
emen
tatio
ns
bcom
mitt
eeof
the
SW
AC
tow
aste
man
agem
ent p
lan
impl
emen
tatio
n su
bcom
mitt
ee o
f the
SW
AC
to
ittt
it
flid
tl
ld
ii
dt
Thi
til
td
TAC
fth
if
tim
onito
r atta
inm
ent o
f sol
id w
aste
pla
n go
als
and
visi
on, a
nd to
Th
is a
ctio
n w
as c
ompl
eted
. TA
C p
erfo
rms
this
func
tion.
reco
mm
end
revi
sion
s to
the
goal
s an
d pl
an a
s ne
eded
in fu
ture
yea
rs.
gp
y
Appendix E
Map of Temporary Debris Storage and Reduction Sites (TDSRS)
Disaster Debris Management Plans for the local governments that maintain them have not been included in this document due to size. They can be obtained by request. Please refer to the solid waste
contacts in the Executive Summary with questions regarding disaster debris management.
40
64
1
540
42
HARNET
T
LEE
HARNETT
JOHNSTON
HARNET
T
CHATH
AM
HARNETTWAKE
JOHNSTONWAKE
CHAT
HAM
WAKE
JO HNSTON NASH
CHATHAMDURHAM
WAKE
DURH
AM
DURH
A MOR
A NGE
WAKE
FRANKLIN
WAKE
GRANVILLE
DURHAM
GRANVILLE FRAN
KLIN
GRAN
VILLE
HOLLYSPRINGS
FUQUAY-VARINA
KNIGHTDALE
WENDELL
GARNER
WAKEFOREST
ROLESVILLE
ZEBULON
ANGIER
CARY
APEX
RALEIGH
MORRISVILLE
16
15
14
13
1211
10
9
8
6
1
LegendRoadsIncorporated AreaApproved TDSR Sites
0 5 10 152.5Miles
Temporary Storage andReduction Sites
Wake County, NC
Figure x
1/2009
WASTE REDUCTION GOAL SHEET NC LOCAL GOVERNMENT TEN YEAR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN Local Government Name: Wake County Previously established waste reduction goal: 10 % After considering your government’s current and projected solid waste activities, resources, population, and economic growth have you reached your previously established goal? Yes No Establish a new waste reduction goal: 10 % WASTE REDUCTION CALCULATION To provide 10 years of solid waste management planning, as per G.S. 130A-309.09A(b), waste reduction goals need to be updated. Use the following chart to determine the tonnage needed to be diverted from landfills in order to reach the new waste reduction goal. CALCULATION FY 2019 1. Baseline year per capita disposal rate (FY 1991-1992 unless alternate approved by Section)
1.40
2. Percent waste reduction goal 10 % 3. Targeted per capita disposal rate (Subtract line 2 from 1.0 and multiply result by line 1)
1.26
4. Estimated population in the new waste reduction goal year (Available at Office of State Budget and Management website: Projected Annual County Population Totals 2010-2019)
1,206,703 5. Projected tonnage for disposal at baseline disposal rate (Multiply line 1 by line 4)
1,689,384
6. Targeted annual tonnage for disposal (Multiply line 3 by line 4)
1,520,446
7. Targeted annual tonnage to reduce (Subtract line 6 from line 5)
168,938 Population Link: http://www.osbm.state.nc.us/ncosbm/facts_and_figures/socioeconomic_data/population_estimates/demog/cpa2010p.html WASTE REDUCTION PLAN Given the targeted annual tonnage amount to be reduced, explain how you plan to reach the goal:
Efforts to achieve the above waste reduction goal will focus primarily on increasing recycling rates and source reduction. Approximately 60 percent (101,363) of the targeted reduction is expected to come from increases in recycling and 40 percent (67,575) through source reduction.
Appendix H
Public Comments on 2009 Plan
A draft of the Plan was placed in all Wake County Public Libraries and Chambers of Commerce for public review and comment. The draft Plan was also posted on Wake County’s web site. Paid advertising notices of the opportunity to review the plan were placed in the following papers (see notice in Appendix B):
Apex Herald (March 26)
Fuquay‐Varina Independent (March 25)
Garner News (March 25)
Holly Springs Sun (March 26)
News and Observer (March 30)
Wake Weekly (March 26)
The public comment period spanned March 30th to April 10th, 2009. No comments were received from the public. Additional opportunities for public comment were provided at each municipal government Board/Council meeting during May and June, when the Plan was adopted, and at the Board of County Commissioners meeting in June.
An advertised public meeting was held on June 10, 2009 from 7:00 to 9:00 at the Wake County Agriculture Services Building at 4001 Carya Drive in Raleigh. The public was invited to review the document and provide comments. No comments were received at the public meeting.