Ritsumeikan University

Kazuyoshi Tateyama

Japan-DK-seminar, CopenhagenSeptember 13, 2019

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Theme 4. i-Construction and new technology

Sophistication of Construction with ICTPrecise Management in ConstructionIntroduction of Construction Robots

Growth of infrastructures in Japan （white paper on Japanese construction）

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Systematizing designSettling criteriaCompleting manuals

Efficient system to construct structures with a level of quality within a short period

Excess dependence on the specified rules or manners

Construction of infrastructure in Japan which has pursued efficiency

Unavoidable excess input of labors, materials, etc.

0

20

40

60

80

100

1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020

Leve

l of c

onst

ruct

ion

(%)

railwaywaterworks

expressway

urban parklevee

sewerage

Cons

truct

ion

Cond

ition

sEn

viron

men

t

Time

Planning with margins

Real Conditions

Construction jobs generally have to include some unexpected factor.

Flexible change of the original plan corresponding to the real conditions

Optimization: Saving labors and materials, etc.

Precise management in construction sites

3

Bad

Good

4

DGPS

Site office

4

Japan Coast Guard beacon station

GPS antenna

DGPS

Precise Management in Earthwork

Mining site

Hauling road

CCD camera

CCD camera

DGPS

Stockyard

CCD cameraCrusherLAN (optical cable)

Belt-conveyor

Ship loading

LAN (optical cable)

Soil hopperCrusher

Feedback to construction

Beacon receiver

Information for correcting location

Radio control terminal

Information on construction

Support systemfor engineers’

decision making

Monitors for CCD camerasDatabase for mining managementDatabase for machine operation

DGPSGPS satellite

Site office

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Example: Precise management in a large size earthwork

Effects of Precise Management in Earthwork

Conventionalmethod

PrecisionConstruction

(％）120100806040200

100126

(％）100

74Explosives

Fuel

Electricity

Production volume per day CO2 emission volume per cubic meter of production volumeConventional method : 100%

Increase of Productivity Reduction of Environmental Impact

120100806040200

Conventionalmethod

PrecisionConstruction

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Go together through Precise Management

Introduction of Construction Robots- Comparison with Factory Automation (FA) -

• Materials are soil and rocks and thus their properties are variable

• Outdoor working conditions are much affected by weather

• Machines must arrive at working objects in a huge field.

Construction

• Form and materials are clearly specified in design.

• Working environment is stable because of indoor jobs.

• Working objects come to robots by themselves on a conveyer.

Manufacturing

Construction robot should have a function to determine its own action flexibly according to the situation of each construction site. 6

Robots in Recovery from Natural Disaster

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Drain pipe inspection

Robots in Maintenance

Unmanned ConstructionChecking the bridge slabs

UAV

ConstructionMachines

ConstructionRobots

Awareness of position

Practical usePartially automatic machine

Manipulatorcontrol

Guidance Groupcontrol

Safety control

Estimation of objects

Practical usePartially automatic machine

Awareness of objects

Evolution of Construction Robots

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Construction Machines

Unmanned Construction

Advanced control function

Autonomous Robot

Judgement function

Gradual Evolution of Construction RobotsMachines evaluate conditions, environments

and determine the way of controlling machineMachines control itself automatically

Operators evaluate conditions, environments and determine the way of controlling machine

Operators control machines on vehicles9

Operators evaluate conditions, environments and determine the way of controlling machine

Operators control machines remotely from separated place

System consisting with plural different machines which do their jobs corroborating each other.Each machine can do its own jobs, while grasping the information on surrounding circumstance, the working object, the move of other machines and determining the optimum control way of itself.

Autonomous Construction Robot （Kajima Co. Ltd.）

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By Kajima Co. Ltd.

Achievement of Autonomous Construction Robots

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Next Generation Production System in Construction by Autonomous Machines

Development of A4CSEL System

Thank you for your kind attention

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