Alar scare as an example of the availability cascade Definitions Definition of Availability - The availability heuristic as a process of judging frequency by the ease with which instances come to mind: Availability and effect A dramatic event that

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Click on right speaker for startwav1Film or Short StoryWhich is Better?OMNILORE SDGs/14c-FS@ Ronnie Lemmi Sept 2014

Short Story: The Killers, 1927 by Ernest Hemingway

Film(s): The Killers by Robert Siodmak, 1946 Burt Lancaster Ava Gardner

Andrai Tarkovsky, 1956 Students version - 19 min.The Killers by Don Siegel, 1964 Ronald Reagan Angie Dickson Lee Martin John Cassavettes

The KillersErnest Hemmingway

The danger is increasingly exaggerated as the media competes for attention grabbing headlines.

Scientists and others who try to dampen the increasing fear attract little attention, most of it hostile.Anyone how claims the danger is overstated is suspected of association with a cover up.The issue becomes political important because its on everybody's mind. And the response of the political system is guided by the intensity of the public sentiment.

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The KillersErnest Hemmingway

The danger is increasingly exaggerated as the media competes for attention grabbing headlines.

Scientists and others who try to dampen the increasing fear attract little attention, most of it hostile.Anyone how claims the danger is overstated is suspected of association with a cover up.The issue becomes political important because its on everybody's mind. And the response of the political system is guided by the intensity of the public sentiment.

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The KillersErnest HemmingwayHemmingway called his style the Iceberg Theory: the facts float above water, the supporting structure and symbolism operate out of sight. The concept is sometimes referred to as the theory of omission. He believed the writer could describe one thing though an entirely different thing occurs below the surface.

Intentional omissions allow the reader to fill the gap, as though responding to instructions from the author. He was criticized for not describing emotions. His intent was not to eliminate emotion, but to portray it more scientifically. He thought it would be easy and pointless to describe emotions. He described collages of images in order to let the reader to grasp the real thing Writing StyleThe danger is increasingly exaggerated as the media competes for attention grabbing headlines.

Scientists and others who try to dampen the increasing fear attract little attention, most of it hostile.Anyone how claims the danger is overstated is suspected of association with a cover up.The issue becomes political important because its on everybody's mind. And the response of the political system is guided by the intensity of the public sentiment.

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In high school Hemmingway worked on his school newspaper writing primarily about sports.

After graduating he worked for the Kansas City Star for a few months. This experience later influence his distinctively stripped down prose style.

He once said On the star you were forced to learn to write a simple declarative sentence. This is useful to anyone. Newspaper work will not harm a young writer and could help him if he gets out of it in time.The KillersErnest Hemmingway

In 1918, Hemmingway went overseas to serve in World War I as an ambulance driver in the Italian Army. For his service he was awarded the Italian Silver Medal of Bravery, but soon sustained injuries that landed him in a hospital in Milan.

The danger is increasingly exaggerated as the media competes for attention grabbing headlines.

Scientists and others who try to dampen the increasing fear attract little attention, most of it hostile.Anyone how claims the danger is overstated is suspected of association with a cover up.The issue becomes political important because its on everybody's mind. And the response of the political system is guided by the intensity of the public sentiment.

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In Milan, Italy, he met a nurse who soon accepted his proposal of marriage, but later left him for another man.

He was devastated but the experience provided ideas for his works A Farewell to Arms.

His biographer Jeffrey Meyers claims the Hemmingway was devastated by the rejection and he followed a pattern of abandoning a wife before she abandoned him in future relationships.

The KillersErnest HemmingwayThe danger is increasingly exaggerated as the media competes for attention grabbing headlines.

Scientists and others who try to dampen the increasing fear attract little attention, most of it hostile.Anyone how claims the danger is overstated is suspected of association with a cover up.The issue becomes political important because its on everybody's mind. And the response of the political system is guided by the intensity of the public sentiment.

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In Chicago he married his first wife Hadley Richardson and moved to Paris where he worked as a foreign correspondent.

When he wasnt writing, Hemmingway spent much of the 1930s chasing adventure: big game hunting in Africa, bullfighting in Spain, deep sea fishing in Florida.

The KillersErnest Hemmingway

The danger is increasingly exaggerated as the media competes for attention grabbing headlines.

Scientists and others who try to dampen the increasing fear attract little attention, most of it hostile.Anyone how claims the danger is overstated is suspected of association with a cover up.The issue becomes political important because its on everybody's mind. And the response of the political system is guided by the intensity of the public sentiment.

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In 1925 the couple joined a group of British and American expatriates and took a trip to the festival that would later provide the basis for Hemmingway's first novel, The Sun always Rises artfully examining the postwar disillusionment of his generation.

Shortly after the publication they divorced and Hemmingway married his second wife Pauline.

The KillersErnest Hemmingway

The danger is increasingly exaggerated as the media competes for attention grabbing headlines.

Scientists and others who try to dampen the increasing fear attract little attention, most of it hostile.Anyone how claims the danger is overstated is suspected of association with a cover up.The issue becomes political important because its on everybody's mind. And the response of the political system is guided by the intensity of the public sentiment.

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The KillersErnest HemmingwayWhile reporting on the Spanish Civil War in 1937, Hemmingway met a fellow war correspondent Martha Gellhorn, and gathered material for his next novel, For Whom the Bell Tolls, which would eventually be nominated for the Pulitzer Prize.

She became wife number three and they purchased a farm near Havana Cuba.

The danger is increasingly exaggerated as the media competes for attention grabbing headlines.

Scientists and others who try to dampen the increasing fear attract little attention, most of it hostile.Anyone how claims the danger is overstated is suspected of association with a cover up.The issue becomes political important because its on everybody's mind. And the response of the political system is guided by the intensity of the public sentiment.

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The KillersErnest HemmingwayWhen the United States entered World War II in 1941 Hemmingway served as a correspondent and was present at several of the wars key moments, including D-Day landing

Toward the end of the war, he met Mary Welsh who became his fourth wife.

In 1951, he wrote The Old Man and the Sea which became his most famous book, finally winning the Pulitzer prize

The danger is increasingly exaggerated as the media competes for attention grabbing headlines.

Scientists and others who try to dampen the increasing fear attract little attention, most of it hostile.Anyone how claims the danger is overstated is suspected of association with a cover up.The issue becomes political important because its on everybody's mind. And the response of the political system is guided by the intensity of the public sentiment.

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The KillersErnest HemmingwayIn 1954, he won the Nobel Prize in Literature. Even at this peak in his literary career his mind and body were deteriorating. He suffered depression and was treated for numerous conditions such as high blood pressure, liver disease and diabetes.

In 1960 he became worried about money & taxes. He became paranoid and thought the FBI was actively monitoring him. He was admitted to the Mayo clinic where he received electroconvulsive therapy. Three months later he shot himself with his favorite shotgun.The danger is increasingly exaggerated as the media competes for attention grabbing headlines.

Scientists and others who try to dampen the increasing fear attract little attention, most of it hostile.Anyone how claims the danger is overstated is suspected of association with a cover up.The issue becomes political important because its on everybody's mind. And the response of the political system is guided by the intensity of the public sentiment.

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The KillersErnest HemmingwayHis father, brother & sister also committed suicide. He and his father had hemochromatosis, a genetic disease, in which the inability to metabolize iron culminates in mental and physical deterioration. There were seven family members who died from suicide.

Hemingway Memorial above Trail Creek is inscribed: Best of all he loved the fall, the leaves yellow on cottonwoods, leaves floating on trout streams, and above the hills the high blue windless skies

The danger is increasingly exaggerated as the media competes for attention grabbing headlines.

Scientists and others who try to dampen the increasing fear attract little attention, most of it hostile.Anyone how claims the danger is overstated is suspected of association with a cover up.The issue becomes political important because its on everybody's mind. And the response of the political system is guided by the intensity of the public sentiment.

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The KillersErnest HemmingwayRunning from Crazy is a documentary film about the Hemmingway family through the eyes of his grand daughter Muriel Hemmingwaywho has spoken for American Foundation for Suicide Prevention.

It tells the story of 3 of the authors grandchildren and their struggles with the family history of substance abuse, mental illness and suicide.

The film focusing on mental health issues was promoted on the Oprah Winfrey net work which had its TV premiere of the film April 27, 2014.

In the documentary Muriel describes her own experience with depression and thoughts of suicide which she says she has overcome. The danger is increasingly exaggerated as the media competes for attention grabbing headlines.

Scientists and others who try to dampen the increasing fear attract little attention, most of it hostile.Anyone how claims the danger is overstated is suspected of association with a cover up.The issue becomes political important because its on everybody's mind. And the response of the political system is guided by the intensity of the public sentiment.

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The KillersShort StoryShort Movie1946 Movie1964 MovieTwo hit men come into Henrys lunch room looking for a big Swede named Ole Anderson.

They were planning to kill him for a friend. When the Swede didnt turn up for dinner at six oclock the 2 hit men walked out of the lunchroom.

The owner asked Nick, one of Swedes co-workers to go see Ole to warn him about the killers.

Oles response was there isnt anything I can do about it He had all of his clothes on lying on the bed facing the wall.

The danger is increasingly exaggerated as the media competes for attention grabbing headlines.

Scientists and others who try to dampen the increasing fear attract little attention, most of it hostile.Anyone how claims the danger is overstated is suspected of association with a cover up.The issue becomes political important because its on everybody's mind. And the response of the political system is guided by the intensity of the public sentiment.

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The KillersShort StoryShort Movie1946 Movie1964 MovieThis movie was produced by college students. The dialog was almost exactly the same as the short story.

16The Killers

Short StoryShort Movie1946 Movie1964 MovieNick went to see Ole to him warn him about 2 hit men who said they were going to kill him. He offered to call the police, suggested that he try to get away.

His response was: I know who they are. There is nothing I can do. He was fully dressed, lying on the bed facing the wall.

Nick went back to the lunch room and said he is leaving town. I cant stand to think about him waiting in the room and knowing he is going to get it.

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The KillersShort StoryShort Movie1946 Movie1964 MovieTwo hit men come to a small town to kill Ole, the swede. His coworker warns him but strangely he makes no attempt to flee and they kill him. A life insurance investigator is assigned to find and pay the beneficiary of his policy.

He was a professional boxer whose career was ended by an injury to is right hand

The danger is increasingly exaggerated as the media competes for attention grabbing headlines.

Scientists and others who try to dampen the increasing fear attract little attention, most of it hostile.Anyone how claims the danger is overstated is suspected of association with a cover up.The issue becomes political important because its on everybody's mind. And the response of the political system is guided by the intensity of the public sentiment.

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The KillersShort StoryShort Movie1946 Movie1964 MovieLife insurance investigator Reardon is assigned to find and pay the beneficiary of his policy. Police lieutenant, Lubinsky a long time friend of Swede is particularly helpful.Swede gets mixed up with a bad crowd including Big Jim. He drops his girlfriend Lily for the more glamorous Kitty.

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The KillersShort StoryShort Movie1946 Movie1964 MovieWhen he gets out of prison he and other gang members are recruited for a payroll robbery masterminded by Big Jim. Kitty is now Big Jims girl.The robbery nets $250,000. When Lubinsky catches Kitty wearing stolen jewelry, the Swede confesses to the crime and serves three years in prison.

The danger is increasingly exaggerated as the media competes for attention grabbing headlines.

Scientists and others who try to dampen the increasing fear attract little attention, most of it hostile.Anyone how claims the danger is overstated is suspected of association with a cover up.The issue becomes political important because its on everybody's mind. And the response of the political system is guided by the intensity of the public sentiment.

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The KillersShort StoryShort Movie1946 Movie1964 MovieWhen their rendezvous place burns down, all of the gang members but Swede are notified of where to meet. Kitty then informs him that he is being double crossed.

Swede takes all of the money at gun point and flees. Kitty meets him later in Atlantic City. When he was asleep, Kitty disappeared with the money. When he realized what happened he broke a window and tried to jump out but was stopped by the hotel maid.

The danger is increasingly exaggerated as the media competes for attention grabbing headlines.

Scientists and others who try to dampen the increasing fear attract little attention, most of it hostile.Anyone how claims the danger is overstated is suspected of association with a cover up.The issue becomes political important because its on everybody's mind. And the response of the political system is guided by the intensity of the public sentiment.

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The KillersShort StoryShort Movie1946 Movie1964 MovieReardon figured out what happened and went to see Big Jim telling him that he has enough evidence to convict Kitty and suggested that she contact him.

She agreed to meet him in a night club. Reardon and Lubinsky were ready and the two hit men are Killed and Big Jim seriously injured.

Kitty begs her husband Big Jim exonerate her in a deathbed confession, but he dies first.The danger is increasingly exaggerated as the media competes for attention grabbing headlines.

Scientists and others who try to dampen the increasing fear attract little attention, most of it hostile.Anyone how claims the danger is overstated is suspected of association with a cover up.The issue becomes political important because its on everybody's mind. And the response of the political system is guided by the intensity of the public sentiment.

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The KillersShort StoryShort Movie1946 Movie1964 Movie Two hit men Charlie & Lee enter a school for the blind and terrorize the principal until she reveals the whereabouts of a teacher, Johnny North. As the hit men walk toward Norths upstairs classroom, the teacher receives a call warning him of their arrival. Johnny responds Its okay, I know them.

He calmly waits at his desk the hit men enter and shoot him multiple times.

The danger is increasingly exaggerated as the media competes for attention grabbing headlines.

Scientists and others who try to dampen the increasing fear attract little attention, most of it hostile.Anyone how claims the danger is overstated is suspected of association with a cover up.The issue becomes political important because its on everybody's mind. And the response of the political system is guided by the intensity of the public sentiment.

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The KillersShort StoryShort Movie1946 Movie1964 MovieThe hit men were bothered that North refused to escape and why they were paid so much for such an easy job. They decided to find out about his past.

Johnny was once a champion race car driver whose career ended in a violent crash. He was at the top of his profession when he met the beautiful Sheila Farr. Johnny fell in love and planned to propose marriage after winning his next big race. His late nights with Sheila had left him disoriented and his career ended with a fiery crash.

The danger is increasingly exaggerated as the media competes for attention grabbing headlines.

Scientists and others who try to dampen the increasing fear attract little attention, most of it hostile.Anyone how claims the danger is overstated is suspected of association with a cover up.The issue becomes political important because its on everybody's mind. And the response of the political system is guided by the intensity of the public sentiment.

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The KillersShort StoryShort Movie1946 Movie1964 MovieSheila was the mistress of mob boss Jack Browning and had cheated on Browning with several other sports figures. Enraged and heartbroken Johnny refused to accept Sheilas attempt to explain and cut all ties to her.

Some time after the crash Sheila found Johnny and explained that Browning was in the process of planning the robbery of a U.S. postal truck. Johnny became the get away driver. Browning was enraged when he learned that Sheila had returned to Johnny and he brutally slapped her in front of Johnny.

The danger is increasingly exaggerated as the media competes for attention grabbing headlines.

Scientists and others who try to dampen the increasing fear attract little attention, most of it hostile.Anyone how claims the danger is overstated is suspected of association with a cover up.The issue becomes political important because its on everybody's mind. And the response of the political system is guided by the intensity of the public sentiment.

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The KillersShort StoryShort Movie1946 Movie1964 Movie

Charlie & Lee find Sheila and at first she denies all knowledge of Johnny or the money. However they beat her and dangle her by her ankles out of her seventh story window. She agrees to tell the truth.Charlie & Lee visit Browning who insists he is now an honest business man and does not know what happened to the money but told them that Sheila is staying in a hotel downtown.The danger is increasingly exaggerated as the media competes for attention grabbing headlines.

Scientists and others who try to dampen the increasing fear attract little attention, most of it hostile.Anyone how claims the danger is overstated is suspected of association with a cover up.The issue becomes political important because its on everybody's mind. And the response of the political system is guided by the intensity of the public sentiment.

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The KillersShort StoryShort Movie1946 Movie1964 MoviePlanning the robbery included Making the mail truck take a detour onto an isolated mountain road. When the truck stopped because of an obstruction on the road the gang held it up and loaded more than a million dollars into the get away car.

Johnny then forced Browning out of the moving car, and drove off alone with the money. Later that night he met with Sheila. As they quickly departed with the money to a nearby hotel room they were confronted by Browning. Sheila asked Browning to do it quickly and he shot Johnny in the torso. Although severely wounded Johnny escaped into the night.Browning hired Charlie & Lee to murder him.

The danger is increasingly exaggerated as the media competes for attention grabbing headlines.

Scientists and others who try to dampen the increasing fear attract little attention, most of it hostile.Anyone how claims the danger is overstated is suspected of association with a cover up.The issue becomes political important because its on everybody's mind. And the response of the political system is guided by the intensity of the public sentiment.

27The Killers.

Short StoryShort Movie1946 Movie1964 MovieCharlie, Lee and Sheila leave the hotel to confront Browning but he is waiting near by with a sniper rifle. He kills Lee and wounds Charlie.

Now Charlie understands why Johnny refused to flee. The only man who refuses to run is a man who considers himself to be already dead. Sheilas betrayal had already killed him long before the bullets ever touched him.

Browning & Sheila prepare to leave with the money, and Charlie, mortally wounded enters. Sheila denies any role in Johnnys death insisting that her husband alone was responsible. Charlie shoots browning dead and kills Sheila with a single bullet and staggers out the door. He falls dead while still gripping the money.28The End

The KillersShort StoryShort Movie1946 Movie1964 MovieThe two longer movies are just an extension of the short stories to explain why he didn't care.The 1946 movie repeats the short story and continues with a description of why he was wanted dead.The 1964 movie just starts with the description of ewhy he was wanted dead.

30The Killers.

Short StoryShort Movie1946 Movie1964 Movie31