Space Exploration Vision““This cause of exploration and discovery is not an option we choose; This cause of exploration and discovery is not an option we choose;

it is a desire written in the human heart.” – President Bushit is a desire written in the human heart.” – President Bush

January 14, 2004

The Vision for Space Exploration

NASA is charting a bold new course into the cosmos, a journey that will take humans back to the Moon, and eventually to Mars and beyond. The Vision for Space Exploration calls for a "building block" strategy of human and robotic missions to achieve new exploration goals.

One Step at a Time

NASA has the talent, experience and leadership to fulfill our destiny as Explorers

Affordable, Sustainable, Focused, Achievable

“As for the future, your task is not to foresee it, but to enable it.“ Antoine de-Saint-Exupery

International Space Station The Partnership

America’s Space Shuttle

Europe’s Ariane 5 Japan’s H2

An international fleet of space vehicles will

• Rotate crews (Shuttle and Soyuz)

• Deliver propellant and supplies

• Replenish science experiments

Russia’s Proton, Soyuz, and Progress vehicles

THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION

COMING SOON TO A CITY NEAR YOU!

http://spaceflight.nasa.gov+realtime data+sighting + city

Preparing for Mars Exploration:

Next Stop - Our Moon

Our Moon as a test bed

Future Lunar Base?

•Carbon Dioxide (CO2): 95.32%

•Nitrogen (N2): 2.7%

•Argon (Ar): 1.6%

•Oxygen (O2): 0.13%

•Water (H2O): 0.03%

•Neon (Ne): 0.00025 %

Martian air contains only about 1/1,000 as much water as our air, but even this small amount can condense out, forming clouds that ride high in the atmosphere or swirl around the slopes of towering volcanoes.Moon Radius(km) Mass(kg) Distance (km)

PHOBOS 13.5x10.8x9.4 1.08e+16 9,380

DEMOS 7.5x6.1x5.5 1.80e+15 23,460

Mars Exploration ProgramMars Exploration ProgramLaunch YearLaunch Year

Key Technology Challenges

• Space Transportation– Safe, fast, and efficient

• Affordable, Abundant Power– Solar and nuclear

• Crew Health and Safety– Counter measures and

medical autonomy, environmental monitoring and control

• Optimized Robotic and Human Operations– Dramatically higher

productivity; on-site intelligence

• Space Systems Performance– Advanced materials, low-

mass, self-healing, self-assembly, self-sufficiency…

Nanotube Space Elevator

Space Solar Power

M2P2

L1 Outpost

Invariant Manifolds

Gossamer Telescopes

Artificial Gravity

Robonaut

Aerobraking

RLV NEP

Employing Human and Robotic Capabilities

NASA will send human and robotic explorers as partners, leveraging the capabilities of each where most useful.

Now 15-25 yrs5-10 yrs

First Aid Space ClinicDigital Human Cybermedicine

Candidate Technologies:

Leading Candidates with potential high payoff• Digital Human

• Micro-nano instruments

• Haptic interfaces

• Molecular sensors

• Smart materials and systems

• Biotechnology/bioinformatics

• Artificial G therapy

• Gene function research

Comments & RecommendationsBio-info-miniaturization revolutions of the mid ‘90s need to be incorporated into Space Medicine R&D.

• Develop next generation research instruments• Correlate gene function with metabolic effects• Leverage external partnerships• Conduct high fidelity mission sims

“Breakthroughs” for Medical Autonomy

Biomass Production Description

Production of Fresh Food Supplements for Transit

Production of Fresh Food Supplements for Planetary Surface

provide fresh crop foods for 10% of crew’s diet. The unit would also provide 20% of the crew’s O2 needs and 20% of the CO2 removal.

Bioregenerative Life Support

Expanded or multiple CPS units to provide 25% of the diet and 50% of atmospheric regeneration.

Waste ManagementCurrent State-of-the-Art

Waste Collection System Hand Compacted Waste - ShuttleDisposableFeces container.Untreated