space, people and design
TRANSCRIPT
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Space, People
and Design
DR. PAT WILLIAMS
UF/IFAS EXTENSION WAKULLA COUNTY
CED/HORTICULTURE AGENT
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Space
What is space?
What purpose does the space play in the overall design?
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Landscape Connection
Connecting space to landscape and architecture
Landscapes seldom have panoramic views
Windows from interior views and exterior created visual corridors
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Spatial Refinement
3-D outside rooms
Proportion of space defined
Outdoor floors, walls and ceilings
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Behavioral Assessment
Evolutionary adaptation and biological needs are major influencing factors
Habitat Theory
Prospect-Refuge Theory
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Habitat Theory
Proposes that humans prefer landscapes that provide ideal habitat for survival
Supplies basic needs
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Prospect-Refuge Theory
Hypothesizes that humans most prefer settings where they can see everything going on (prospect) without being seen (refuge)
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Humanistic Assessment
Coherence
Complexity
Legibility
Mystery
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Humanistic Assessment
Coherence: landscape can be visually organized and logically divided into physical units that viewers already understand
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Humanistic Assessment
Complexity: landscape holds viewer’s attention with a balance of texture, color, form and size variety
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Humanistic Assessment
Legibility: landscape is readable and safe. Visitors feel welcome to explore and confident they will not get lost
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Humanistic Assessment
Mystery: unusual landscape feature or the promise of something just around the corner
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Restorative Values of LandscapesFascination
Escape
Extent
Compatibility
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Restorative Value
Fascination: requires focused energy and contains a wealth of natural attributes that provide mental and visual diversion
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Restorative Value
Escape: Before restoration can be accomplished, one must escape the stressors in life. Escape can occur mentally (view) or physically (interacting with landscape)
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Restorative Value
Extent: a boundless destination will provide deeper restoration through a sense of design purpose
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Restorative Value
Compatibility: landscape setting must be compatible with personal needs and expectations
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Defined Spaces: Process
Client need begins to define space
Start by using large size and tall plantings
Follow sequence to small size and low plantings
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Visually Connect StructuresSoften edges
Create depth in planting beds
Larger trees in backyard to connect roofline
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Using Design Themes to Define SpacesRectilinear: straight lines and 90o
angles
Diagonal: straight lines with 45o and 90o angles
Angular: straight lines and variable angles
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Using Design Themes to Define Spaces
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Using Design Themes to Define SpacesArc-tangent: straight lines and
varying curved radii
Circular: complete circles and variable radii
Curvilinear: Variable curves and no straight lines
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Using Design Themes to Define Spaces
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Mass and Void
Plants have positive space
Void is absence of plants or structures
Designing for mass easier
Designing for void and maintaining negative space is difficult
Important for visual and functional success
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Earth Defined Space Topography
Slopes/grades
Retaining wall: cuts versus fills
Drainage
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Landscape Berms
Changes soil texture and structure
Tend to be overused
Direct drainage, traffic and visual line movement
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Landscape Berms
Gradual slopes easier to maintain and appear more natural
Should not be located in the narrow areas because base will be too small
Avoid locating in middle of landscape spaces
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Acknowledgement
Ann Marie VanDerZander
Iowa State University
Steven N. Rodie
University of Nebraska
Landscape Design: Theory and Application