Maya Miracle

1. Conditional

2. Conditional Irregulars

3. Present Perfect

4. Present Perfect Irregulars

5. Past Perfect

6. Subjunctive Perfect

7. Se Impersonal

8. Saber vs. Conocer

9. Formal Commands

10. Formal Irregulars

11. Informal Commands

12. Informal Irregulars

13. Nosotros Commands

14. Mono Verbs

15. DOP + IOP Placement

16. Subjunctive

17. Subjunctive Irregulars

18. Trigger Phrases

19. Demonstrative Adjectives + Pronouns

20. Tan/Tanto

the conditional tense

add endings to end

of infinitive

wonder conjecture

when "would" is used in the sense of a repeated action in

the past, the imperfect is used

possibility probability

would, should, could, must

have, or probably

ía

ía

ías

ían

íamos

íais

poder podrponer pondrquerer querrsaber sabr

salir saldrtener tendrvaler valdrvenir vendr

caber cabrdecir dirhaber habrhacer har

infinitive + ía, ías, ía, íamos, íais, ían

-ado-ar -ido-er -ido-ir

Es un tiempo compuesto (compound tense) formado con el presente de verbo“haber” y el pasado participio de otro verbo.

El pasado participio se forma cambiando la terminaciónIndicates a recently completed actionTells what you have/haven’t doneSpeaking about an action that was true in the past and is still true in the present

he hemos

has

ha

habéis

han

•abrir abierto

•cubrir cubierto

•decir dicho

•escribir escrito

•hacer hecho

•ir ido

•morirmuerto•ponerpuesto•resolver resuelto•romper roto

•ver visto•volvervuelto

two verbs required: the main verb and the auxiliary verb

haber + past participle

auxiliary verb and the past participle are never separated

object pronouns are placed immediately before the auxiliary verb

he hemos

has

ha

habéis

han

-ar -ado-er -ido-ir -ido

Present subjunctive of

haber

Past participle

-ar -ado

-er -ido

-ir -ido

Subjunctive Perfect

• used when a verb or expression requiring the subjunctive in the main clause is in the present, future, or present perfect

haya hayamos

hayas

haya

hayáis

hayan

avoid specifying a person doing the verb’s action

verb with “se” is

always in 3rd

person

can

be

used in

all tenses

can

replace the indirect object pronoun ("le +

lo--> se lo")

to know facts and informationto know

people, places, things, or literary works

• Conjugate to yo form

• Drop –o and add -e-ar• Conjugate to yo form

• Drop-o and add -a-er• Conjugate to yo form

• Drop –o and add -a-ir

T • tener

• Tenga(n)

V • Venir

• Venga(n)

D • Dar dé(n)•Decirdiga(n)

I • Ir

• Vaya(n)

S • Ser

• Sea(n)

H • Hacer

• Haga(n)

E • Estar

• Esté(n)

S • Saber

• Sepa(n)

IrregularFormal

Commands

• Conjugate to the túform

• Drop the “s”

Affirmative

• Put in yo form

• Change to opposite vowel

• Add an “s”

Negative

Di (decir)

Haz (hacer)

Ve (ir)

Pon (poner)

Sal (salir)

Sé (ser)

Ten (tener)

Ven (venir)

Tengas (tener)

Vengas (venir)

Dés, digas (dar, decir)

Vayas (ir)

Seas (ser)

Hagas (hacer)

Estés (estar)

Sepas (saber)

Opposite vowel

Add the “mos”

verb

Change to yo form

Nosotros Commands

equivalent of Let's plus a verb in English

if object pronouns are used, they must be attached to the

end of affirmative commands, and this will always require a written

accent in the nosotros forms

the first s of the affirmative reflexive

ending is lost, that is -mosnos becomes -

monos

Irregulars: vámonos, no

vayamos

DO

P: l

o, l

a, lo

s, &

las

• Attach to end of infinitive

• Place in front of conjugated verb

ir + infinitive phrases

• Attach to end of –ing verb and add accent to the 3rd to last syllable vowel

Estar + -ing verb phrases

• affirmative commands: it is attached to end of command with an accent on first syllable vowel

• negative commands: it comes after “no”, before the command

commands

IOP

: me, te, se, n

os, &

os

infinitive yo formchange vowel

•Es importante que•Es necesario que•Es urgente que

-a

-a -amos-as

-an-áis

-e -emos

-e-es

-en-éis-ar -er

T• tener tenga

V•venir venga

D

•decir diga

•dar dé

I• ir vaya

S•ser sea

H•hacer haga

E•estar esté

S•saber sepa

-que-car -gue-gar -cé-zar

stem changers

• -er and –ar have the same stem changes

• nosotros/vosotros stem change with pedir (e>i), sentir (e>i), and dormir (o>u)

•Es bueno que

•Es mejor que

•Es malo que

•Es importante que

•Es necesario que

•Es urgente que

Impersonal Expressions

•Alegrarse (de) to be happy

•Esperar to hope, wish

•Sentir (e:ie) to be sorry/regret

•Sorprender to surprise

•Temer to fear

•Es triste it’s sad

•Ojalá (que) I hope (that), I wish

•Main clause: hope, fear, joy, pity, surprise + subordinate clause: subjunctive

Expressions of Emotion

•Precedes subjunctive after the subordinate clause is habitual or in the past

•Asi que

•Cuando

•Despues de que

•En cuanto

•Hasta que

•Luego que

•Tan pronto como

Conjunctions of Time

Como (as…as)

Used with adjectives and

adverbs

Como (as much/as

many…as)

Used with nouns and verbs

Tan Tanto

este/ estathis

ese/esathat

aquel/ aquella

that over there

estos/estasthese

esos/esasthose

aquellos/ aquellas

those over there

when used as a pronoun, add an accent (ex: esté)