spearman etec 6253 paper

7/30/2019 Spearman ETEC 6253 Paper

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2/12

Pshhkhl dcef9 CVCN : C~~e{9 Vdc Khvbfsnvkbh vb Fklkvea Akvcen{ Nbs~c0

Fklkvea Akvcen{ Ennbmpak~dmchv~

Vdc v|b ennbmpak~dmchv~ kfchvkjkcf kh vdk~ pepc ec vdc Lcmeh Jch Shkzc~kvv ehf

vdc Bpch Shkzc~kv{ bj vdc Shkvcf Gkhlfbm( Vdc jk~v ennbmpak~dmchv k~ vdc Lcmeh Jch

Shkzc~kvv |e~ c~ve`ak~dcf kh 5;


3/12

Pshhkhl dcef9 CVCN : C~~e{9 Vdc Khvbfsnvkbh vb Fklkvea Akvcen{ Nbs~c>

Lcmeh{! Iepeh! ehf Nehefe( Vdc Bpch Shkzc~kv{ khnasfc~ hevkbhea ehf clkbhea nchvc~ kh vdc

Shkvcf Gkhlfbm ehf Kcaehf blehkycf vb pbzkfc ~sppbv jb vdck fk~vehnc-acehkhl ~vsfchv~(

Vdc ~kmkaekvkc~ ehf fkjjcchnc~ bj vdc v|b ~cacnvcf ennbmpak~dmchv~ fcakzc{ mcvdbf~

ec e~jbaab|~9 Vdc Jch Shkzc~kvv bhakhc nbs~c~ ec e~{hndbhbs~! ~vsfchv~ me{ zkc| vdck

nbs~c|bg kh e fkjjcchv vkmc ehf e fkjjcchv paenc! vdc{ neh zkc| ehf nbmpacvc nbs~c |bg kh

vdck vkmc( Kv ~peh~ enb~~ Lcmeh{! Es~vke! ^|kvycaehf! Nchvea ehf Ce~vch Csbpc( Kv de~

e ~vknv nbs~c pblem vdev khnasfc~ vdc s~c bj vdc Mbbfac nbs~c mehelcmchv ~{~vcm( Vdk~

pblem de~ e dkld fbpbsv evc `cnes~c kv k~ zc{ ~vknv ehf de~ ~vknv jbmea cuskcmchv~( Vdc

Bpch Shkzc~kv{ bhakhc nbs~c ec e~{hndbhbs~ ehf ~{hndbhbs~! vdck nbs~c~ bjjccf

bhakhc vdbbsld vdck fk~vehnc acehkhl pblem~ b ev vdck hevkbhea ehf clkbhea nchvc~( Vdc~c

nchvc~ bjjc ~vsfchv~ vdc bppbvshkv{ vb mccv |kvd vdck efzk~c~! necc nbsh~cab~! mchvb~!

vsvb~! ehf kh~vsnvb~( Vdc Bpch Shkzc~kv{ hevkbhea ehf clkbhea nchvc~ bjjc bh nemps~ ~vsf{

kh effkvkbh! nbs~c mevckea~ kh effkvkbh vb vdc bhakhc nbs~c ehf ~vsf{ mevckea~( Vdc nchvc~

bjjc fe{ ~ndbba! ~bnkea czchv~! ehf hcv|bgkhl jb nae~~c~ $Vdc Bpch Shkzc~kv{! 0?50+(

Hbhvefkvkbhea ~vsfchv~ |db isllac |bg! jemka{! ehf ~bnkea nbmmkvmchv~ me{ `chcjkv jbm vdc

bhakhc nbs~c~ bjjccf `{ vdc Bpch Shkzc~kv{ `cnes~c vdc{ ec hbv e~ klbbs~ e~ vdc Jch

Shkzc~kvv vb nbmpacvc vdck ~vsfkc~( Kj vdc{ hccf e nae~~bbm chzkbhmchv vdc Bpch Shkzc~kv{

bjjc~ vdev bpvkbh vbb $Vdc Bpch Shkzc~kv{! 0?50+(^pcemeh Fk~vehnc Cfsnevkbh Vdcb{

Fk~vehnc cfsnevkbh k~ eh cfsnevkbhea envkzkv{ vdev kh~vsnv~ vdc acehc vb `cnbmc ~caj-

fk~nkpakhcf! ~caj-fkcnvcf! ehf mbvkzevcf( Cfsnevkbhea envkzkvkc~ ~dbsaf ndeaachlc! kh~pkc! ehf

mbvkzevc vdc acehc( Vdc kh~vsnvb ~dbsaf nbhhcnv |kvd dk~ b dc acehc~ vdbsld

nbmmshknevkbh! nbaae`bevkbh! ehf kh~vsnvkbh vb pbmbvc efcusevc ehf cjjknkchv acehkhl( Jb

ctempac! eh kh~vsnvb ~dbsaf s~c mcfksm~ ~snd e~ cmeka! nbs~c ehhbshncmchv~! vdc fk~ns~~kbh

`bef! pdbhc! ehf bhakhc bjjknc zk~kv~ vb gccp nbmmshknevkbh bpch |kvd dk~ b dc ~vsfchv~( Kv k~


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kmpcevkzc jb vdc kh~vsnvb vb eaab| ~vsfchv~ vb ennc~~ nbs~c mevckea~ ev vdck nbhzchkchnc

`cnes~c mbc ~vsfchv~ dezc e zekbs~ |bg ~ndcfsac~ ehf kv pbmbvc~ e~{hndpbhbs~ fcakzcp{

|kvdkh fk~vehnc cfsnevkbh(^vsfchv~ |dbm pcjc eh kh-nae~~ fcakzc{ mcvdbf me{ `chcjkv jbm

|c` nbhjcchnkhl! fk~ns~~kbh `bef~! cmeka! ehf ndev( Jb ctempac! Caasmkhevc ehf Cndbnchvc

ec lcev mcvdbf~ vb pbmbvc ~{hndpbhbs~ fcakzcp{ |kvdkh fk~vehnc cfsnevkbh $^kmbh~bh!

^meafkhb! Ea`kldv! * Yzncg! 0?50! p( 3>+(

05~v

nchvs{ acehc~ hccf eh blehkycf! mbvkzevkhl! pb~kvkzc! ehf chnbselkhl bhakhc

nae~~ chzkbhmchv( Vdc{ |ehv nbhzchvkbhea ehf shnbhzchvkbhea mcvdbf~ s~cf kh vdck fk~vehnc

cfsnevkbh nbs~c~( Fk~vehnc cfsnevkbh k~ e jbm bj nbhzchvkbhea cfsnevkbh `sv kv ctpehf~ bsv~kfc

bj e jbs-|eaacf nae~~bbm( 05~v

nchvs{ acehc~ hccf cfsnevkbhea bppbvshkvkc~ vdev khnasfc

vefkvkbhea jbm~ ~snd e~ vdc s~c bj vctv`bbg~! kh~vsnvb-~vsfchv nbmmshknevkbh! ~vsfchv-~vsfchv

nbmmshknevkbh ehf kh~vsnvb-nae~~ nbmmshknevkbh( Vdc~c ~vsfchv~ hccf zekcf mcvdbf~ vdev

|kaa khnce~c vdck ghb|acflc ehf `chcjkv vdck acehkhl! kh effkvkbh vb metkmkykhl vdck

pbvchvkea( 05~v nchvs{ acehc~ hccf hbh-vefkvkbhea jbm~ ~snd e~ |c`-è~cf mevckea~! NF-

Pbm! zkfcb~! ehf msavkmcfke pblem~ $^kmbh~bh! ^meafkhb! Ea`kldv! * Yzncg! 0?50! p( 3>+(

Vdc vbpkn bj kh~vsnvkbh jb vdk~ nbs~c fc~klh pbicnv k~ khvbfsnvkbh vb fklkvea

akvcen{( Vdc nbs~c k~ fc~klhcf vb khvbfsnc efsav acehc~ vb è~kn nbmpsvc~! acehkhl db| vdc{

|bg! db| vb psnde~c e nbmpsvc! db| vb bpcevc e nbmpsvc! s~khl ~bjv|ec! khvchcv!

msavkmcfke ehf nbmpsvc mekhvchehnc( Vdc acehc~ bj Khvbfsnvkbh vb Fklkvea

Akvcen{ khnasfc jbsvcch efsav cfsnevkbh ~vsfchv~ elcf 03-:3 {ce~ bj elc( Vdc{ ec jbm

zekbs~ nsavsea ènglbshf~ ehf aehlselc~( Jb kaas~vevkbh! vdcc ec ~vsfchv~ jbm Hklcke!

Aeb~! Zkcvhem! Ps~~ke! Mctknb! Lsevcmeae! Ca êazefb! ehf vdc Shkvcf ^vevc~( Ennbfkhl vb

^kmbh~bh! kv k~ zc{ kmpbvehv jb vdc fk~vehnc-acehkhl kh~vsnvb vb vegc vdc ctve vkmc vb aceh

e`bsv dk~ b dc ~vsfchv~( Kv k~ kmpbvehv vb ghb| vdc hsm`c bj ~vsfchv~ kh cend nae~~ vb paeh

cjjcnvkzca{ jb khvcenvkzc acehkhl( Vdc pspb~c bj acehkhl e`bsv bhc~ ~vsfchv~ k~ vb ncevc e


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pbfsnvkzc! pb~kvkzc! ehf nbmjbve`ac acehkhl $^kmbh~bh! ^meafkhb! Ea`kldv! * Yzncg! 0?50!

p( 536+(

Vdc ~vsfchv~ cfsnevkbhea aczca ze{ jbm Efsav @e~kn Cfsnevkbh $E@C+! Lchcea

Cfsnevkbh Fczcabpmchv $LCF+! ehf Chlak~d e~ e ^cnbhf Aehlselc $C^A+( Vdc ~vsfchv~ dezc

akmkvcf ctpb~sc vb s~khl e nbmpsvc ev dbmc! |bg! b ~ndbba( Vdc ~vsfchv~ vdev chbaa kh vdk~

nae~~ |ehv vb aceh db| vb bpcevc e nbmpsvc vb kmpbzc vdck bhakhc nbmmshknevkbh ~gkaa~ ehf

ib` ~gkaa~(


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Pshhkhl dcef9 CVCN : C~~e{9 Vdc Khvbfsnvkbh vb Fklkvea Akvcen{ Nbs~c:

ec9 Mbfsac 59 ^vsfchv~ |kaa fkjjcchvkevc vdc jkzc fkjjcchv v{pc~ bj nbmpsvc~( Mbfsac 09

^vsfchv~ |kaa ~smmekyc vdcc fkjjcchv v{pc~ bj bpcevkhl ~{~vcm~ ehf db| vdc{ fkjjc(

Mbfsac >9 ^vsfchv~ |kaa s~c \khfb|~ < vb ncevc v|b jbafc~! chemc vdcm! ehf fcacvc vdcm(

Vdc mbfca s~cf jb vdk~ nbs~c k~ vdc D{pcnbhvchv-fc~klhcf kh~vsnvkbh mbfca

$^kmbh~bh! ^meafkhb! Ea`kldv! * Yzncg! 0?50! p( 5


7/12

Pshhkhl dcef9 CVCN : C~~e{9 Vdc Khvbfsnvkbh vb Fklkvea Akvcen{ Nbs~c( \dev fb {bs ctpcnv vb aceh kh vdk~ nae~~ ehf db| |kaa kv `chcjkv {bs acehkhl2 $c(l( ~caj-kmpbzcmchv b ib` pbmbvkbh+(

Vdc ~vsfchv~ |kaa eh~|c vdc pczkbs~ usc~vkbh~ ehf pb~v vdck eh~|c~ bh vdc fk~ns~~kbh

`bef( Vdc pspb~c bj vdk~ ctcnk~c k~ vbpbzkfc e jsh knc`cegc vb eaab| vdc nae~~ vb aceh

e`bsv cend bvdc ehf jkhf ~kmkae khvcc~v~ b nbmmbh `bhf~ kh acehkhl( Vdk~ vbba |e~ ~cacnvcf

vb khvbfsnc vdc fk~ns~~kbh `bef vb vdc ~vsfchv~vb vcend vdcm nbmmshknevkbh ehf nbaae`bevkbh

~gkaa~! kh effkvkbh vb acehkhl db| vb nbmmshknevc bhakhc s~khl e fkjjcchv jbm bj

nbmmshknevkbh( Vdc ce~bh |d{ K ~cacnvcf vdk~ vbba k~ vdev kv pbmbvc~ shkv{ khvb vdc nae~~bbm!

kh effkvkbh! kv pbzkfc~ e nbmmshknevkbh mcfksm vb eaab| vdc ~vsfchv~ vb nbhhcnv ehf `bhf

~kmkae vb e jenc-vb-jenc nae~~(

Vdc v|b vbba~ bsv~kfc bj vdc NM^ vdev neh `c s~cf jb envkzkvkc~ kh vdc Khvbfsnvkbh vb

Fklkvea Akvcen{ nbs~c vdev |kaa chlelc ~vsfchv~ ehf chnbselc dkldc-aczca vdkhgkhl ec vdc

@kvk~d @befne~vkhl Nbpbevkbh $@@N+ Nbmpsvc Vsvb

dvvp9""|||(``n(nb(sg"nbmpsvcvsvb"mbcRkhjb(~dvma vdev k~ e ~kmsaevkbh kh~vsnvkbhea ~bjv|ec(

Kh effkvkbh! e ~cnbhf vbba bsv~kfc bj vdc NM^ vdev neh `c s~cf jb envkzkvkc~ k~ vdc LNJ Aceh

Jcc Nbmpsvc @e~kn~ khvcenvkzc ac~~bh~ vdev khnasfc zkfcb~! khvcenvkzc ac~~bh~! ehf lemc~!

dvvp9""|||(lnjacehjcc(bl"Nbmpsvc@e~kn~ ( Jb ctempac! jb Mbfsac 59 Nbmpsvc @e~kn~ "

Shkv 59 Vdc _ev~ bj e Nbmpsvc9 Vbpkn 69Db| vb s~c e nbmpsvc! K |bsaf khvbfsnc vdc

~vsfchv~ vb vdc Khvbfsnvkbh vb vdc @@N Nbmpsvc Vsvb |c`~kvc(

dvvp9""|||(``n(nb(sg"nbmpsvcvsvb"mbcRkhjb(~dvma

Jk~v! K |bsaf s~c e acnvsc"pc~chvevkbh cnbfc ~snd e~ Cndb >:? vb ncevc e c~bsnc

vdev |kaa kh~vsnv vdc ~vsfchv~ kh acehkhl db| vb s~c vdc @@N Nbmpsvc Vsvb |c`~kvc( ^cnbhf! K

|bsaf ncevc e ~cnbhf pc~chvevkbh s~khl vdc Cndb >:? ~bjv|ec vb ncevc ehbvdc c~bsnc vdev
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|kaa vcend ~vsfchv~ kh acehkhl db| vb s~c vdc LNJ Aceh Jcc Nbmpsvc @e~kn~ |c`~kvc ehf

envkzkvkc~( Vdkf! K |bsaf e~~klh vdc ~vsfchv~ vb s~c cend |c`~kvc vb aceh db| vb s~c e nbmpsvc(

Jbsvd! K |bsaf ncevc e ~nezchlc dshv ehf paenc kv khvb vdc e~~klhmchv ~cnvkbh vdev |kaa eaab|

vdcm vb aceh db| vb s~c vdc nbmpsvc è~cf spbh vdc |c`~kvc~ vdc{ acehcf |kvdkh ac~~bh jbs(

Vdc ce~bh |d{ K ~cacnvcf vdc~c vbba~ k~ vb cfsnc vctv`bbg nb~v~ ehf lkzc vdc ~vsfchv~ e jcc

~kmsaevcf c~bsnc vdc{ neh khvcenv |kvd ehf e~~k~v vdcm nbhvkhseaa{ vdbsldbsv vdc nbs~c(

Fkjjknsav Envkzkvkc~ * @ekc~

[c~! bhc envkzkv{ |bsaf `c fkjjknsav vb nbhfsnv bhakhc jb vdc khvbfsnvkbh vb fklkvea

akvcen{ nbs~c( Vdc~c envkzkvkc~ nbh~k~v bj vcendkhl e ~vsfchv db| vb vsh e nbmpsvc bh b bjj(

Jb kaas~vevkbh! e jenc-vb jenc è~kn nbmpsvc nae~~ de~ vdc ~emc nbmpsvc~ ehf kv k~ hbv fkjjknsav

vb ~db| vdc ~vsfchv~ db| vb vsh kv bh b bjj( Kh effkvkbh! vdc ~vsfchv~ me{ dezc e pc~bhea

nbmpsvc b e Men nbmpsvc ehf vdc~c nbmpsvc~ ec fkjjcchv( ^khnc vdk~ k~ eh bhakhc nbs~c!

vdc ~vsfchv~ me{ dezc aepvbp~! veàcv~! fc~gvbp~! b mb`kac fczknc~( Vdcc k~ hbv e |e{ vb ~cc

vdc ~vsfchv~ ehf e~~k~v vdcm kh cea vkmc7 K |b{ vdev e ~vsfchv me{ jeaa `cdkhf kh vdk~ nae~~ kj

vdc{ nehhbv nbmpacvc vdc ve~g bj acehkhl db| vb vsh vdck nbmpsvc bh(

Vdc jk~v pbvchvkea èkc jb vdc kh~vsnvb k~ hbv ~cckhl vdc ~vsfchv~ `bf{ aehlselc b

jenkea ctpc~~kbh~ vb aceh kj dc b ~dc shfc~vehf~ vdc mevckea( Jb ctempac! kj e ~vsfchv ~kld~

b baa~ dk~ b dc c{c~ `cnes~c dc b ~dc fbc~ hbv shfc~vehf vdc mevckea! vdc kh~vsnvb nehhbv

zkc| vdk~ |kvdkh eh bhakhc nbs~c( Vdc ~cnbhf èkc k~ vdc aeng bj vcndhknea ~sppbv7 kj vdc NM^

`ceg~ |dch vdc NM^ efmkhk~vevb~ ec hbv ezekaeàc! kv me{ nes~c pbàcm~ jb vdc ~vsfchv~(

Jb ctempac! kj vdc nae~~ |e~ s~khl @aeng`bef ehf kv~ fk~ns~~kbh `bef akhg `bgc bh vdc

|ccgchf |dch vdc nemps~ àeng`bef efmkhk~vevkbh |e~ nab~cf! vdc ~vsfchv~ |bsaf jcca

~vc~~cf ehf dcapac~~( E vdkf èkc k~ nbmmshknevkbh |kvd vdc ~vsfchv~! kj vdc kh~vsnvb fbc~

hbv cmekh kh nbhvenv |kvd dk~ b dc ~vsfchv~! vdc nbmmshknevkbh |kvdkh vdc nbs~c |kaa fcnakhc(

Jb ctempac! kj eh kh~vsnvb pb~vcf mevckea~ `sv fkf hbv pbzkfc jccfèng!


9/12

Pshhkhl dcef9 CVCN : C~~e{9 Vdc Khvbfsnvkbh vb Fklkvea Akvcen{ Nbs~c;

ehhbshncmchv~! b cmeka~! vdc ~vsfchv~ |bsaf jcca akgc vdc nbs~c fbc~ hbv dezc e pspb~c ehf

vdck nbmmshknevkbh |kaa fcnakhc vbb( Vdc~c pbvchvkea èkc~ neh `c effc~~cf edcef bj vkmc kh

ncevkhl bpch nbmmshknevkbh |kvd vdc ~vsfchv~( Jb ctempac! kj vdc ~vsfchv~ ec js~vevcf b

hccf e~~k~vehnc kh e nbs~c! vdc kh~vsnvb ~dbsaf ncevc e pbakn{ vdev |kaa eaab| vdc ~vsfchv~ vb ~cv

eh eppbkhvmchv |kvdkh e |c` nbhjcchnkhl vbba! pdbhc! b cmeka( Kh effkvkbh! vdc kh~vsnvb

~dbsaf svkakyc vdc ehhbshncmchv! cmeka7 ehf pbzkfc jccfèng bh vdc s`kn b lefc~( Vdc

kh~vsnvb ~dbsaf cnckzc vekhkhl kh acehkhl db| vb vbsàc~dbbv |kvdkh vdc NM^! kh effkvkbh vb

nbaae`bevkhl |kvd vdc NM^ efmkhk~vevkbh vcem! ehf ae~v! ncevc e ~cnbhf paeh kj vdc NM^ akhg~

b nbmpbhchv~ `ceg( Jb ctempac! kh~vsnv vdc ~vsfchv~ vb cmeka vdck e~~klhmchv vb {bs kj vdc

e~~klhmchv akhg kh vdc NM^ k~ `bgch(

Zk~sea ^sppbv Pc~bsnc~

K ndb~c vb ncevc e zk~sea eheabl{ vb ~evk~j{ vdc zk~sea eppaknevkbh pbfsnv jb vdc zk~sea

~sppbv c~bsnc e~~klhmchv( Vdk~ zk~sea eheabl{ zk~seakyc~ vdc chfac~~ pb~~k`kakvkc~ vdc khvchcv

pbzkfc~ jb nbmmshknevkbh! ~cendkhl jb b pbzkfkhl khjbmevkbh! ehf nbaae`bevkbh( Kv |e~

kmpcevkzc vdev K ncevcf e zk~sea eheabl{ vdev |bsaf e~~k~v vdc ~vsfchv~ kh shfc~vehfkhl vdc

khvchcv~ vdcc mekh e~~cv~! nbmmshknevkbh! khjbmevkbh! ehf nbaae`bevkbh( Vdc Khvbfsnvkbh vb


10/12

Pshhkhl dcef9 CVCN : C~~e{9 Vdc Khvbfsnvkbh vb Fklkvea Akvcen{ Nbs~c5?

Fklkvea Akvcen{ ~vsfchv~ |kaa aceh db| vb vdc s~c vdc khvchcv jb nbmmshknevkbh ~snd e~ cmeka!

~bnkea hcv|bgkhl ehf ~s`mkvvkhl nae~~ e~~klhmchv~( Kh effkvkbh! vdc{ |kaa s~c kv vb aceh db| vb

nbhfsnv e ~cend s~khl e ~cend chlkhc ~snd e~ Lbblac! ehf nbaae`bevc s~khl bhakhc c~bsnc~

~snd e~ vdc fk~ns~~kbh `bef! lbsp |c` nbhjcchnkhl! |kgk~! ehf `abl~(

K ncevcf vdk~ zk~sea eppaknevkbh s~khl Mknb~bjv Nakpev ehf K ~cendcf jb e dkld|e{

kmelc ehf kv lezc mc hsmcbs~ pdbvblepd~ `sv vdc jbaab|khl kmelc |e~ pcjcnv jb vdc

zk~seakyevkbh K |ehvcf vb pbicnv vb m{ ~vsfchv~( Jk~v! K s~cf _kta vb cfkv vdc pdbvb! K nbppcf vdc

kmelc! c~kycf kv jbm >03 t >03 vb >53t 6


11/12


c~~chvkea nbhvchv bj vdk~ nbs~c k~ blehkykhl nbs~c nbhvchv s~khl e dkcend{! vb kaas~vevc7 vdc

lbea bj mbfsac 5 k~ vb vcend acehc~ db| vb fk~nbzc vdck nbmpsvc! vdc `chcjkv~ bj s~khl e

nbmpsvc! |dev vdc{ neh fb |kvd e nbmpsvc! vdc v{pc~ bj nbmpsvc~! ehf acehkhl vdc pev~ bj e

nbmpsvc( Vdc lbea bj mbfsac 0 k~ acehkhl db| e nbmpsvc |bg~! acehkhl zekbs~ bpcevkhl

~{~vcm~ ehf vdck pspb~c! fcjkhkhl mcmb{ ehf ~vbelc( Vdc lbea bj mbfsac > k~ acehkhl db|

vb bpcevc e nbmpsvc! jb ctempac! ~vsfchv~ |kaa aceh db| vb cjjcnvkzca{ s~c e mbs~c! db| vb

vsh vdc nbmpsvc bh! db| vb ~dsv kv fb|h b c~vev kv( Kh effkvkbh! ~vsfchv~ |kaa aceh è~kn

\khfb|~ < bpcevkbh~! jb ctempac! acehkhl db| vb ncevc ehf fcacvc e jbafc! acehkhl db| vb

ncevc eh knbh bh vdck fc~gvbp ehf vdc è~kn pblem~ bj \khfb|~(

Vdc acehkhl bìcnvkzc~ jb khvbfsnvkbh vb fklkvea akvcen{ |e~ ncevcf s~khl @abbm~

Vetbhbm{! Jb kaas~vevkbh! vdc jbaab|khl vdcc bìcnvkzc~ bj vdk~ nbs~c ec9 Mbfsac 59 ^vsfchv~

|kaa fkjjcchvkevc vdc jkzc fkjjcchv v{pc~ bj nbmpsvc~( Mbfsac 09 ^vsfchv~ |kaa ~smmekyc vdcc

fkjjcchv v{pc~ bj bpcevkhl ~{~vcm~ ehf db| vdc{ fkjjc( Mbfsac >9 ^vsfchv~ |kaa s~c \khfb|~

spearman etec 6253 paper

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