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PROOFS FROM THE BOOKTHIRD EDITIONMARTIN AIGNER, FreieUniversität and GÜNTER M.ZIEGLER, Technische Universität,both, Berlin, Germany

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beautiful ideas combine in astonishing and glorious ways.There is vast wealth within its pages, one gem after anoth-er. Some of the proofs are classics, but many are new andbrilliant proofs of classical results... ”—NOTICES OF THE AMS

This third edition offers two new chapters, on partitionidentities, and on card shuffling. Three proofs of Euler'smost famous infinite series appear in a separate chap-ter. There are also a number of other improvements, suchas an exciting new way to “enumerate the rationals.”

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THE THEORY OF FINITE GROUPSAn IntroductionHANS KURZWEIL, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen andBERND STELLMACHER, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel, both, Germany

”This is an exciting text and a refreshing contribution toan area in which challenges continue to flourish and to cap-tivate the viewer … One who completes this text not onlygains an appreciation of both the depth and the breadth ofthe theory of finite groups, but also witnesses the evolutionarydevelopment of concepts that form a basis for current inves-tigations. This is accomplished by providing a thread thatpermits a natural flow from one concept to another ratherthan compartmentalizing. Operators on sets and groups areintroduced early and used effectively throughout. The bib-liography provides excellent supplemental support...The textis tight; there is no fluff. The format builds on concepts essen-tial for later expansion and associated reading.”

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2004/APPROX 388 PP./HARDCOVER/$69.95ISBN 0-387-40510-0UNIVERSITEXT

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CONVEX POLYTOPESSECOND EDITIONBRANKO GRÜNBAUM, University of Washington, Seattle, WA

New Edition Prepared by VOLKER KAIBEL, VICTOR KLEE, andGÜNTER ZIEGLER

The combinatorial study of convex polytopes is todayan extremely active and healthy area of mathematicalresearch, and the number and depth of its relationshipsto other parts of mathematics have grown astonishing-ly since Convex Polytopes was first published in 1966.The new edition contains the full text of the original andthe addition of notes at the end of each chapter. The notesare intended to bridge the thirty- five years of intensiveresearch on polytopes that were to a large extent initi-ated, guided, motivated and fuelled by the first editionof Convex Polytopes. The new material provides a directguide to more than 400 papers and books that haveappeared since 1967.

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INTEGERS,POLYNOMIALS, AND RINGSRONALD S. IRVING, University ofWashington, Seattle

Mathematics is often regardedas the study of calculation, butin fact, mathematics is muchmore. It combines creativityand logic in order to arrive atabstract truths. This book isintended to illustrate how cal-

culation, creativity, and logic can be combined to solvea range of problems in algebra. Originally conceivedas a text for a course for future secondary-school math-ematics teachers, this book has developed into one thatcould serve well in an undergraduate course in abstractalgebra or a course designed as an introduction to high-er mathematics. Not all topics in a traditional algebracourse are covered. Rather, the author focuses on inte-gers, polynomials, their ring structure, and fields, withthe aim that students master a small number of seriousmathematical ideas. The topics studied should be of inter-est to all mathematics students and are especially appro-priate for future teachers.

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ALGEBRAVolumes I and IIBARTEL L. VAN DERWAERDEN, University of Zurich,Switzerland

”This beautiful and eloquenttext served to transform thegraduate teaching of alge-bra, not only in Germany, butelsewhere in Europe and theUnited States. It formulatedclearly and succinctly theconceptual and structuralinsights which Noether hadexpressed so forcefully. This

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MATHEMATICS, ART, TECHNOLOGY AND CINEMAM. EMMER, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Italy and M. MANARESI, University of Bologna, Italy (Eds.)

This book is about mathematics. But also about art, tech-nology and images. And above all, about cinema, whichin the past years, together with theater, has discoveredmathematics and mathematicians. It was conceived asa contribution to the World Mathematical Year 2000.The authors argue that the discussion about the differ-ences between the so-called two cultures of science andhumanism is a thing of the past. They hold that bothcultures are truly linked through ideas and creativity,not only through technology. In doing so, they succeedin reaching out to non-mathematicians, and those whoare not particularly fond of mathematics. An insightfulbook for mathematicians, film lovers, those who feel passionate about images, and those with a questioning mind.

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CMS Notes de la SMC577 King Edward, C.P. 450, Succ. AOttawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada

Volume 35 No. 8 December/décembre 2003

FROM THEEXECUTIVE

DIRECTOR�S DESK

Graham P. Wright

Francais page 4

A Difficult TimeWhen the 2003 Budget was preparedin the fall of 2002, a small surplus wasprojected. Even though expenditureshave been very well controlled and areexpected to remain within budgetestimates by year-end (December 31,2002), some unforeseen factors havesignificantly impacted expectedrevenues. Taking into account the twofactors mentioned below and year-endestimates, it is now expected that thesmall surplus projected for 2003 willnow be a substantial deficit.

Many university libraries use agents toadminister their periodical subscrip-tions. A take-over and subsequentbankruptcy of one these agentsresulted in the 2003 payments made bysome libraries to this agent being lostto the publisher. A number ofpublishers, including the CMS, havebeen affected by this unfortunate

situation. Although steps have beentaken to try to recover some of the lostsubscription revenue, almost alllibraries do not have funds to replacethe payments that were lost when theagent declared bankruptcy. The loss ofsubscription revenue for the CanadianJournal of Mathematics, the CanadianMathematical Bulletin, and CRUXwith MAYHEM, for 2003 is estimatedto total $30,000.

Although the rise in the Canadiandollar is seen as good news for many,it is not good news for the CMS andthe income received from foreignexchange. In 2002, the Society re-ceived a total of just over $320,000 inforeign exchange income. In 2003, incomparison to the American dollar, theCanadian dollar has increased in valuesignificantly and, consequently, amarked decrease in foreign exchangeincome is anticipated.

The bankruptcy situation is a one-timeproblem but the increase in the valueof the Canadian dollar will continue toresult in much lower foreign exchangeincome. Although every effort wasmade to find additional revenues andto ensure expenditures are kept as lowas possible, the 2004 Budget beingsubmitted to the Board of Directors inDecember projects a deficit of nearly$30,000.

The Society�s has a wide program ofsuccessful activities and the CMS isunder pressure to expand the scope ofits activities in all areas. Ourpublications are of excellent qualityand are produced very cost effectively.

continued on page 4

CMS

de la SMC

NNOOTTEESS

In this issue / Dans ce numéro

Editorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

Éditorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

Book review:DifferentialOptimization andEquation Solving . . . . . . . . . .5

Brief book reviews . . . . . . . . . .8

Education Notes . . . . . . . . . . . .9

Book review:Generic Polynomials . . . . .12

Call for Sessions:CMS Winter MeetingDecember 2004 . . . . . . . . .14

Propositions de séances :Réunion d�hiverde la SMC 2004 . . . . . . . . .14

Call for Nominations:2004 CMS Doctoral Prize .18

Appel de mise en candidature :Le Prix de doctorat2004 de la SMC . . . . . . . . .18

News from Departments . . . . .14

Calendar of Events / Calendrierdes événements . . . . . . . . . .21

Rates and Deadlines / Tarifset échéances . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

S. Swaminathan

James Humes, a public speaker and aformer speech writer to the WhiteHouse, used to preface a speech inwhich he used a borrowed idea bysaying that he felt like a minister whoso thoroughly bored the members ofhis congregation that they finallyasked him to leave. �Give me onemore chance,� the minister pleaded.The next Sunday the congregationheard him deliver, to their surprise, aninspired sermon. After the serviceeveryone shook his hand warmly.Asking him to continue to stay, anelder of the church said, �That was avery good sermon. But as you beganto speak I noted that you raised twofingers of your left hand, and at theend two fingers of your right hand.What was the significance of thosegestures?� �Those,� answered theminister, �were the quotation marks.�

Borrowing an idea from other writersis a practice that was prevalent amongGreek and Roman authors. �It is auniversal rule of life that we shouldwish to copy what we approve inothers,� wrote Quintilian in hisInstitutio Oratoris in which hedevotes a chapter on imitation,claiming it to be a �great art�. Therehas always been a fine, but well-understood line, between creativereference and plagiarism. The latterterm, (originally meaning the theft of

2

CMS NOTESNOTES DE LA SMC

The CMS Notes is published by theCanadian Mathematical Society (CMS)eight times a year (February, March,April, May, September, October,November and December).

Editors-in-ChiefS.Swaminathan; Robert [email protected]

Managing EditorGraham P. [email protected]

Contributing EditorsEducation: Edward Barbeau;Harry [email protected]: Monique [email protected]: [email protected]

Editorial AssistantNathalie M. BlanchardThe Editors welcome articles, lettersand announcements, which should besent to the CMS Notes at:Canadian Mathematical Society577, King EdwardP.O. 450, Station AOttawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5Telephone: (613) 562-5702Facsimile: (613) 565-1539E-mail: [email protected]: www.smc.math.caNo responsibility for views expressedby authors is assumed by the Notes,the editors or the CMS.The style files used in the productionof this volume are a modified versionof the style files produced by WaterlooMaple Software, © 1994, 1995.

ISSN : 1193-9273 (Print)1496-4295 (Online)

Canadian Mathematical Society©2003

Robert J. MacG.. Dawson

a slave, or selling a freeman as a slave)was used in the modern sense as longago as the Roman author Martial(Epigram I, 53).

English literature contains manyinstances of authors who publishedpassages and plots of other writers withor without modifications.

Shakespeare, for instance, certainlyadded more to Macbeth than he tookfrom Holinshed; and James Joyce and T.S. Eliot (to name but two modernexamples) created works filled withquotations - but used in ways that theiroriginal authors surely never expected.

Although the authors mentioned abovedid not, typically, reference theirsources, they did not intend the readerto suppose them the creator. On thecontrary, much of the strength ofUlysses or The Waste Land comes fromthe use of one quotation to recall anentire work, possibly longer than that inwhich the reference is made. In thesame way, citations of other sources inscholarly work are not an admission ofthe author�s ignorance, but links thatbind the work into the greater body ofscholarly writing through the ages. It isreasonable to suppose that much of thepetty plagiarism that we see in studentessays (should we assign them) arisesthrough a failure to appreciate this.

EDITORIAL

3

NOTES DE LA SMC DÉCEMBRE

More serious is the greater plagiarismin which an author attempts to takecredit for the whole of another�swork; this arises now and then inmathematical publications. Therehave been instances where an originalauthor finds his paper publishedwith minor alterations in a differentjournal. When discovered the authorusually brings it to the attention of theinstitution where the offending personworks. Very often this results, afterproper verification, in docking of pay,suspension or other severe action onthe offender. Why would one resort tocopy another person�s work? Pressuredue to the publish-or-perish phe-nomenon is cited as a reason most oftime. It could also result frompsychiatric problems.

Research in mathematics often in-volves generalizations of the resultsof an author or using results in ananalogous situation. Using ideas froma paper is acceptable as long as dueacknowledgement is made.

Other ethical issues arise when anauthor submits a paper to a journal,finds that it is not accepted forpublication, and later discovers thatthe contents and ideas of the paperappear in a different form in adifferent journal.

The increase in the number of journalsduring the past two decades does, insome ways, make plagiarism easier;and student essay banks have become,for some disciplines, a greaterproblem than when they existed onlyon paper. However, the ease withwhich preprints are disseminatedusing the computer allows researchersto establish priority more easily thanbefore; and there are facilities on theInternet that make tracking a copiedessay an easier task than it mightotherwise be. �Tempora mutantur, noset mutamur in illis� (anonymous;sometimes attributed to Ovid.)

Le conférencier James Humes est unancien rédacteur de discours à laMaison Blanche. Il avait l�habitude decommencer les discours dans lesquelsil empruntait une idée en racontantqu�il se sentait comme un prêtre siennuyant qu�il s�est fait montrer laporte par ses paroissiens. « Donnez-moi une dernière chance », supplia leprêtre. Le dimanche suivant, les fidèlesont eu droit, à leur grand étonnement, àun sermon exceptionnel. Après lamesse, ils faisaient la queue pour serrerla main du prêtre. En lui demandant derester, un vieillard lui dit : « C�étaitun excellent sermon. Au début, toute-fois, vous avez élevé la main gauche enagitant deux doigts, et vous avez fait lamême chose de la main droite à la fin.Que signifiaient ces gestes? » Et leprêtre de répliquer : « C�était pourindiquer les guillemets. »

L�emprunt d�idées était pratiquecourante chez les auteurs grecs etromains. « C�est une règle de vieuniverselle de vouloir reproduire ceque nous approuvons des autres »[traduction libre], écrivait Quintiliandans son Institutio Oratoris, danslequel il consacre un chapitre àl�imitation, qu�il qualifie de « grandart ». Il a toujours existé une nuance,subtile, mais bien comprise, entre laréférence créative et le plagiat. Le sensmoderne de ce dernier terme (dérivé dulatin plagiarius, « celui qui vole lesesclaves d�autrui ») remonte à l�auteurromain Martial (Épigramme I, 53).

La littérature anglaise compte denombreux exemples d�auteurs qui ontpublié ou repris, en les modifiant ounon, des passages d�autres auteurs.Shakespeare, par exemple, a certaine-ment ajouté davantage à Macbeth qu�iln�en a repris de Holinshed. Et JamesJoyce et T. S. Eliot (pour ne citer quedeux exemples modernes) nous ontdonné des �uvres remplies de

citations, qu�ils ont toutefoisemployées d�une manière que lesauteurs d�origine n�auraient jamaissoupçonnée.

Même si les auteurs ci-dessus necitaient généralement pas leurssources, ils ne s�attendaient pas à ceque le lecteur suppose qu�ils en étaientles créateurs. Au contraire, ce qui faitle génie d�Ulysses ou de The WasteLand tient à l�emploi d�une citationpour rappeler une �uvre en entier,souvent plus longue que l��uvre où setrouve le renvoi. De la même façon, lescitations dans les travaux de recherchen�attestent pas de l�ignorance del�auteur, au contraire, elles situent cestravaux dans le grand contexte desécrits savants et dans le temps. Il estraisonnable de supposer qu�une bonnepartie du petit plagiat que l�on trouvedans les travaux des étudiants (pourceux qui en font encore) découle deleur ignorance à cet égard.

Bien plus grave encore sontles cas de plagiat où un auteurs�approprie l��uvre entière d�un autre.Ce phénomène se produit à l�occasiondans des publications mathématiques.Il est déjà arrivé qu�un auteur trouveson article publié dans une autre revueavec quelques modifications mineures.Habituellement, l�auteur ainsi plagiérapporte la situation à l�établissementoù travaille le plagiaire. Après vérifi-cation d�usage, il arrive très souventque le contrevenant soit frappé d�uneperte de salaire, d�une suspension oud�une autre mesure draconienne. Pour-quoi s�abaisse-t-on à copier le travaild�autrui? La raison la plus souventévoquée est la pression : « il fautpublier ou périr ». D�autres cas sontattribués à des troubles psychiatriques.

La recherche mathématique exigesouvent la généralisation des résultatsobtenus par d�autres ou l�utilisation

continué en page 13

EDITORIAL continued

4

DECEMBER CMS NOTES

FROM THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR�S DESK (Continued)

Our meetings continue to include more sessions and attractmore delegates. Our educational program, particularly thecompetitions and math camps, reaches a large number ofstudents and teachers. In addition to the revenues generatedby these publications, research and educational activities,support is also received through grants and donations.

Faced with a deficit situation, the Society must find waysto increase revenues or decrease expenses. Failure to do socould result in existing programs being reduced oreliminated. It may also mean that the CMS will not be ableto take advantage of future opportunities. This is certainlya difficult time and the Executive is focusing on a strategyto address the problem. Creative ideas from the membersare very welcome.

Une période difficileDurant la préparation du budget 2003 à l�automne 2002, onprévoyait un petit surplus. Malgré un contrôle très serré desdépenses, qui ne devraient pas dépasser les prévisions defin d�exercice (31 décembre 2002), des événementsimprévisibles ont bouleversé les prévisions de recettes. Entenant compte des deux facteurs mentionnés ci-dessous etde nos estimations de fin d�exercice, nous prévoyons que lesurplus attendu pour 2003 se transformera plutôt en unimposant déficit.

De nombreuses bibliothèques universitaires confient lagestion des leurs abonnements à des agences. Suite à laprise de contrôle d�une de ces agences et à sa faillitesubséquente, les paiements pour 2003 que certainesbibliothèques avaient versés à cette agence se sontvolatilisés, ce qui s�est traduit par une perte pour l�éditeur.Un certain nombre d�éditeurs, y compris la SMC, ont subiles contrecoups de cette fâcheuse situation. Nous avonsbien tenté de récupérer une partie des pertes en revenusd�abonnement, mais la grande majorité des bibliothèquesn�ont pas les moyens de payer à nouveau les sommes déjàversées à l�agence avant qu�elle ne déclare faillite. Onévalue à 30 000 $ la perte de revenus d�abonnement pour

le Journal canadien de mathématiques, le Bulletin canadiende mathématiques et CRUX with MAYHEM, pour l�année2003.

Si la hausse du dollar canadien est une bonne nouvelle pourbien des gens, ce ne l�est pas pour la SMC, qui réalisegénéralement un gain sur change. En 2002, la Société acumulé des gains sur change d�un peu plus de 320 000 $.En 2003, comme le huart a considérablement augmenté parrapport à la devise américaine, nous prévoyons une chutemarquée de nos recettes à ce poste.

Une faillite est un événement ponctuel, mais la hausse dudollar canadien fera toujours baisser nos gains sur le tauxde change. Nous avons tout fait pour trouver des fondssupplémentaires et réduire nos dépenses le plus possible,mais nous prévoyons tout de même présenter au conseild�administration de décembre un budget déficitaired�environ 30 000 $ pour l�exercice 2004.

La Société présente un large éventail d�activités et subit despressions pour élargir la portée de ses activités dans tousles domaines. Nos publications sont d�excellente qualité etsont publiées à un très bon rapport qualité-prix. À nosréunions, le nombre de sessions et de participants continuetoujours d�augmenter. Notre programme éducatif, notam-ment les concours et les camps mathématiques, attirent ungrand nombre d�élèves et d�enseignants. Outre les recettestirées de nos publications, recherches et activitéséducatives, nous recevons également du financement sousforme de subventions et de dons.

En position de déficit, la Société doit trouver des moyensd�accroître ses recettes et de réduire ses dépenses, faute dequoi, nous pourrions nous voir forcés de comprimer oumême d�éliminer certains programmes. La SMC pourraitéventuellement être contrainte de refuser des possibilitésintéressantes. La Société traverse une période difficile, et lecomité exécutif cherche activement une stratégie pourremédier à la situation. Nous sommes très réceptifs à touteidée originale de nos membres.

University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ONPromotions: Jan Minac (Professor, July 2003); David Riley (Professor, July 2003).

Award/Distinction : Richard Kane (University of Waterloo Faculty of Mathematics Alumni Achievement Medal)

NEWS FROM DEPARTMENTS

5


A DELIGHTFUL TREATISE FOR BOTH NOVICE AND EXPERTBook review by Henry Wolkowicz, University of Waterloo

Differential Optimizationand Equation Solvingby John Lawrence Nazareth

CMS Books in Mathematics 13Springer 2003 xv1 + 256 pages

The new book by John Nazareth is a delightful noveltreatise in Optimization and Equation Solving. Inparticular, this new book deals with the interior-pointrevolution that has changed the way optimizers look atoptimization problems. (See e.g. [11] and the detailsbelow.) Nazareth has written an excellent book thatincludes both introductory and advanced topics. It providesa description of many of the techniques in this area. Inaddition, the book is sprinkled with beautiful analogies andinsights. These insights make this book an interesting readand a learning experience for both the novice and theexpert. (I will outline some of these enjoyable/novelinsights below.) The book is based on Nazareth�s extensiveexperience and publications in optimization and equationsolving.

Consider the (differentiable) nonlinear programmingmodel, CCP;

minimize �(x)

subject to H(x) # 0 ( 0 m )

(NLP) G(x) 0 ( 0 p )

x 0 n,

i.e. the minimization of the function � subject to m equalityconstraints hi = 0, i = 1,�,m and and p inequalityconstraints gj # 0, j = 1,�,p. This general model includes:if there are no constraints, then we get the unconstrainedminimization model, UM; if there are no inequalityconstraints, we get the nonlinear equality-constrainedprogramming model, NECP; if the equality constraints arelinear and the inequality constraints convex, we get theconvex-constrained programming model, CCP; etc...Nazareth includes: nonlinear least-squares, NLSQ;nonlinear equations, NEQ; linear convex-constrained,LCCP; and the classical linear programming problem, LP.In particular, the case NEQ is treated as a special case ofNLP with an unspecified objective function, rather than anunconstrained minimization problem, e.g. sum of squares.

The early years following the introduction of the SimplexMethod for LP in 1948 (e.g. [3]), i.e. the Dantzig modeling-and-algorithmic revolution, was characterized by awatershed between LP and NLP. The enormous prominenceof LP was due in great part to the success of the simplexmethod. Whereas, the world being nonlinear, NLP providesbetter models in general, [4]. However, the introduction ofprimal-dual interior-point methods, for both LP and NLP,following the Karmarkar revolution, has shown that �Thegreat watershed in optimization isn�t between linearity andnonlinearity but convexity and nonconvexity�, [9]. Inaddition, this revolution has brought to light the importanceand centrality of Newton�s method.

Nazareth concentrates on UM, NEQ, one-dimensionalproblems and LP and the algorithms used to solve them.Several themes are followed throughout the book.Comparisons are made between the model approach withNewton�s method and the variable metric approach in thespirit of Cauchy. Arguments are presented to illustrate theflaws in a least squares approach in comparison to thehomotopy approach followed in the modern interior-pointmethods. In addition, comparisons are made to illustratethe difference between algorithmic versus implementablemethods.

The popular geometric view for UM is that of a marble ona mountain rolling downhill to some minimizing point.However, as Nazareth points out: �this ignores a centraltenet of algorithmic optimization, namely, that theacquisition of information at any point x incurs asignificant, nonzero cost. � Thus, a much better metaphor,�, is that of a small boat floating on an opaque lake thatentirely covers the landscape.� Thus experiments (costly)

6

DECEMBER CMS NOTES

have to be made to estimate the depth/slope/curvature,whereas the marble samples these continuously at noexpense.

Algorithms for UM are based on either the Newton (modelbased) or Cauchy (metric based) complementaryperspectives. At the current estimate of the minimum, xk, adirection finding problem, DfP, is solved to find a newimproved point xk+1. For Newton�s method, one solves theso-called trust region subproblem, TRS, or quadratic model

minimize gkT (x � xk) + ½ (x � xk)T Hk (x � xk)

(TRS)subject to || (x � xk) || D+ # δk ,

where gk is the gradient, Hk is an approximation of theHessian (both at xk), and D+ scales the norm, i.e. theobjective function is replaced by a (local) quadraticapproximation and we restrict to the region where we trustthe model. The optimal solution (approximated) is usuallyused as the new point xk + 1, or a line search is done in thedirection xk + 1 � xk. These methods have proven to berobust and efficient and they can solve large scaleproblems, e.g. [8,2].

A simple algorithm for UM is: Cauchy�s steepest descentmethod which uses the negative gradient as a searchdirection to find a new point xk + 1. Variable metric methodschange the geometry by changing the metric/norm underconsideration using information based on curvatureconsiderations. This leads to the classical quasi-Newtonmethods, e.g. BFGS and DFP methods or updates. In thesemethods, first order (gradient) information is used to buildup second order curvature information.

There is an ongoing debate on whether these methods arestill needed following the introduction of automaticdifferentiation, see e.g. [1] and ADIFOR with URL:www.cs.rice.edu/~ adifor/.

Nazareth includes details on which choices of trust regionsand Newton-Cauchy methods to chose in different settings.

The interior-point revolution has emphasized theimportance of using Newton�s method and solving a systemof nonlinear equations based on the optimality conditionsof an optimization problem. Nazareth presents twoopposing views for solving NEQ, e.g. H(x) = 0, H :n → n.Applying Newton�s method directly is equivalent toapplying the Gauss-Newton method, i.e. minimize the sumof squares min || H (x) ||2 using a truncated quadratic model.However, this can lead to local minima which are not rootsof H(x). Nazareth calls this approach inherently flawed.Another approach uses homotopy or path-following tosolve a parameterized problem that converges to a root asthe parameter is varied. (This approach is the basis behind

the successful modern primal-dual interior-point methods.)

Solving the one-dimensional root problem h(x) = 0 can betransformed using a potential function, i.e. we can integrateand find a function whose minimum coincides with h(x) =0. However, this is not true for higher dimensions, since theJacobian of h will not be symmetric. Thus, Nazareth makesthe case that one-dimensional root finding is not the correctparadigm to lead to higher dimensional root finding. Rathera nonlinear least squares approach should be used. Thisleads to conjugate gradient methods for minimization.Included are discussions on the simplex and Nelder-Meadmethods for nondifferentiable minimization.

As it was for the first revolution (led by Dantzig), therecent interior-point revolution (started by Karmarkar)originally focused on LP. Karmarkar�s basic idea was tostart at a central interior point of the feasible set andconstruct an ellipse around it within the feasible set.Optimizing the linear function over this ellipse is easy, thusyielding an improved point. Repeating this process canresult in getting stuck near the boundary, as the new ellipsewill have to be small. Therefore, the problem is rescaled sothat the point is central again before constructing theellipse. A potential function is used to ensure polynomialtime convergence.

However, there have not been any practical numericalimplementations of Karmarkar�s original approach.(Connections between Karmarkar�s approach and animplementable version called the affine scaling method havebeen made, see [5,6]). A breakthrough came when anequivalence was made with the classical log-barrier interior-point methods, [7] for a special choice of barrier parameters.This led to the introduction of the elegant primal-dualinterior-point methods. These methods can be derived usingthe primal or dual log-barrier problem. They consist inapplying Newton�s method to the optimality conditionsconsisting of: (i) dual feasibility; (ii) primal feasibility; (iii)complementary slackness. Nazareth�s preference for thesemethods is to focus on potential reduction and affine scaling.He includes a careful description of the path-followingapproach with the Mehrotra predictor-correctormodification. This builds on his previous work in the bookon path-following. He also includes a chapter introducingthe connection of log-barrier methods.

There are many excellent papers and books writtendescribing the current interior-point revolution. Threerecent books are [10,12,13].

The area of Optimization has reached a certain maturity.Problems of complexity/size undreamed of fifteen yearsago are now solved as a matter of course. As stated bymany numerical analysts: �I would rather be using today�stheory and yesterday�s computer than the reverse�.

7


Nazareth has written a book that is both readable andcovers many of the important new developments inOptimization.

References[1] M. Berz, C. Bischof, and G. Corliss, editors. Computationaldifferentiation, Philadelphia, PA, 1996. Society for Industrial andApplied Mathematics (SIAM). Techniques, applications, andtools.

[2] A.R. Conn, N.I.M. Gould, and P.L. Toint. Trust-RegionMethods. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics(SIAM), Philadelphia, PA, 2000.

[3] G. Dantzig. Linear Programming and Extensions. PrincetonUniversity Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1963.

[4] G. Dantzig. Linear programming. In History of MathematicalProgramming: A Collection of Personal Reminiscences. CWINorth-Holland, Amsterdam, 1991.

[5] I. I. Dikin. Iterative solution of problems of linear andquadratic programming. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR,174:747-748, 1967. Translated in : Soviet Mathematics Doklady,8:674-675, 1967.

[6] B.A. Freedman, M.S. Meketon, and R.J. Vanderbei. Amodification of Karmarkar�s linear programming algorithm.Technical report, AT&T Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ, 1985.

[7] P.E. Gill, G.H. Golub, W. Murray, and M.A. Saunders. Onprojected newton barrier methods for linear programming and anequivalence to karmarkar�s projective method. Math.Programming, 36(2):183-209, 1986.

[8] J. Nocedal and S.J. Wright. Numerical optimization. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1999.

[9] R.T. Rockafellar. Lagrange multipliers and optimality. SIAMReview, 35:183-238, 1993.

[10] R.J. Vanderbei. Linear Programming: Foundations andExtensions. Kluwer Acad. Publ., Dordrecht, 1998.

[11] M. Wright. The interior-point revolution in constrainedoptimization. In High performance algorithms and software innonlinear optimization (Ischia, 1997), volume 24 of Appl.Optim., pages 359-381. Kluwer Acad. Publ., Dordrecht, 1998.

[12] S. Wright. Primal-Dual Interior-Point Methods. Society forIndustrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM), Philadelphia, Pa,1996.

[13] Y. Ye. Interior point algorithms. Wiley-Interscience Series inDiscrete Mathematics and Optimization. John Wiley & Sons Inc.,New York, 1997. Theory and analysis, A Wiley-IntersciencePublication.

UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIADepartment of Mathematics and Statistics

The Department of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of Victoria invites applications for a tenure-track position at the Assistant Professorlevel to commence on July 1, 2004.

Applicants for the position should have a Ph.D. in mathematics or a related discipline and their research should be in an area of discrete mathematics.The successful applicant should be able to interact with the Discrete Mathematics Group in the Department and beyond. A demonstrated record ofexcellence in research is expected from all applicants, and a strong commitment to undergraduate and graduate teaching is essential.

Information about the department, including descriptions of courses offered, can be found at its website: http://www.math.uvic.ca/

Applicants should submit a curriculum vitae and a teaching dossier (or equivalent documentation) that outlines their teaching experience, philosophyand effectiveness. They should also request three confidential letters of reference be sent. Applications and reference letters should be directed to:

ChairDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics

University of VictoriaPO Box 3045 STN CSC

Victoria BC V8W 3P4 CANADATelephone: (250) 721-7436; FAX: (250) 721-8962

[email protected]

The CLOSING DATE for applications is January 6, 2004.

The University of Victoria is an equity employer and encourages applications from women, persons with disabilities, visible minorities, aboriginalpeoples, people of all sexual orientations and genders, and others who may contribute to the further diversification of the University. All qualifiedcandidates are encouraged to apply; however, in accordance with Canadian Immigration requirements, Canadians and permanent residents will begiven priority.

8

DECEMBER CMS NOTES

The William Lowell Putnam MathematicalCompetition 1985-2000. Problems, Solutions

and Commentaryby Kiran S.Kedlaya, Bjorn Poonen and Ravi Vakil, The

Mathematical Association of America, 2002.

Since 1938, on the first Saturday of December every year,except during the war years, about two thousandundergraduates from American and Canadian colleges enterthe prestigious Putnam competition in Mathematics todemonstrate their early mathematical ability. The winners getpraise, fame and cash; one of the five top among them get agraduate fellowship at Harvard. The first competition (1938)was won by the University of Toronto with Irving Kaplanskyas the first Putnam scholar. The lists of winners over the yearsinclude a large number of creative mathematicians. TheMathematical Association of America, which conducts thecompetition, published two volumes of problems andsolutions; the first one in 1980, covering the period 1938-1964 and the second in1985 covering 1965-1984.

The present volume presents 192 problems from 1985-2000with solutions and commentary. It is unlike the earliervolumes in that it places the problems in the context ofimportant mathematical themes. The authors are activeresearch mathematicians and were themselves winners ofthe Putnam in most of the years covered by the volume(together they achieved the rank of Putnam Fellow eleventimes). They highlight connections to other problems, to thecurriculum, and to more advanced topics. The best problemscontain kernels of sophisticated ideas related to importantcurrent research, and yet the problems are accessible toundergraduates.

The solutions, which have been compiled with extensiveresearch, comprise the best ones from the AmericanMathematical Monthly, Mathematics Magazine, past

competitors and problem enthusiasts. Techniques that arerelevant to more than one problem under consideration arepresented mentioning related problems, some of which areunsolved, and suggesting references for further reading.Nice features of the book include (i) a hint to each problem,separate from the full solution, (ii) background informationabout the competition, (iii) a list of winning individuals andteams, with current information about the career paths ofwinners, (iv) reprint of �Putnam trivia for the Nineties� byJoseph A. Gallian, (v) reprint of �Some thoughts on Writingfor the Putnam� by Problems Committee member BruceReznick, and (vi) a topic index.

The volume is a welcome addition to the literature ofproblems.

Symplectic and Contact Topology: Interactionsand Perspectives

edited by Yakov Eliashberg, Boris Khesin and FrancoisLalonde, Fields Institute Communications, vol.35, American

Mathematical Society, 2003, vi + 199pp.

This volume contains papers written by the participants ofthe Workshop �Symplectic and Contact Topology, QuantumCohomology and Symplectic Field Theory� held in March �April 2001, as part of a semester-long program on�Symplectic Topology, Geometry and Gauge Theory,� ajoint venture of the Fields Institute in Toronto and CRM inMontreal. The conference took place in both cities.

The twelve papers in the volume include the latestdevelopments on a variety of topics from SymplecticTopology, the interaction between symplectic and othergeometric structures, Differential Geometry and Topology,Homological Mirror Symmetry, and Non-commutativeSymplectic Geometry. Researchers in these areas will findsome open problems mentioned in the papers.

BRIEF BOOK REVIEWSS. Swaminathan

Letters to the Editors / Lettres aux RédacteursThe Editors of the Notes welcome letters in English or French on any subject of mathematical interest but reservethe right to condense them. Those accepted for publication will appear in the language of submission. Readersmay reach us at [email protected] or at the Executive Office.

Les rédacteurs des Notes acceptent les lettres en français ou anglais portant sur un sujet d�intérêt mathématique,mais ils se réservent le droit de les comprimer. Les lettres acceptées paraîtront dans la langue soumise. Leslecteurs peuvent nous joindre au bureau administratif de la SMC ou a l�addresse suivante: [email protected].

Intuition and the National Forum Working Group 6 of the National Forum held last May inMontreal and led by Brent Davis, Gary Flewelling andKlaus Hoechsmann, dealt with mathematics and intuition.After noting how the rationalism of the last few centuriesmilitated against the recognition of key place of intuition inmathematical learning, the group wondered how essentialintuition is to sense-making, and how teachers can attend toand nurture intuition.

The members of the group pointed to two main areas thatneed reform, the over-specification of curricula and thelack of opportunities for teachers themselves to havemathematical learning experiences. For the first of these,they suggest that the Canadian Mathematical Society mightpublish a position statement on the sorts of experiences,competencies and dispositions that students shouldhaveprior to undergraduate study in mathematics.

This is an interesting idea, but one that can be properlyrealized after only a thorough discussion of the issues andthe arrival at a consensus. Those of us who teachundergraduates may well decry the lack of proficiency ofmany students, but realize that the cause of their difficultiesis more profound and has to do with how they regard andapproach the subject. I hope that this column can be aforum for members of the Society to respond to thisparticular issue.

CRYSTAL and NSERCEarlier this year, NSERC consulted widely with individualsinvolved in school science education and foundconsiderable enthusiasm that it too can play a role in thisarea. It seems that that NSERC�s presence might enhancethe viability of other initiatives and encourage fundingfrom many sources. Serious issues needing attention are theloss of interest in science evinced by many middle schoolpupils, the dearth of science teachers and the underpre-paration of many science teachers. While manyorganizations, such as Shad Valley, the LearningPartnership and Imperial Oil are involved in enriching theexperience of students, their work is limited in scope or, inthe case of Imperial Oil, due shortly to come to an end.

Accordingly, NSERC is considering setting up a nationalcompetition to select and support Centres of Research InYouth, Science Teaching and Learning (CRYSTAL). Suchcentres would analyze, research, support outreach,encourage teacher recruitment, advise on curricula,professionally develop teachers and foster internships.They would seek additional sponsors, exchange infor-mation with other centres and possibly build on the work of

existing bodies. The Research Council would seekproposals that address how programs can be developed andassessed, and how the centres would relate to existingorganizations, including school systems, universities andprofessional organizations. It is envisaged that NSERCmight allocate an annual budget of one or two milliondollars to support a network of between five and tencentres. Within the CRYSTAL setup, a particular prioritywould be the support of First Nations Student Science andMathematics Education.

Rethinking provincial policyThe University of Toronto Bulletin of Monday, October 6,2003 carried an article by Professor Kenneth Leithwood, ofthe Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, that respondsto three issues discussed in the recent Ontario election.

1. Class size. While smaller classes do make a differencein the primary grades, implementing this is difficultbecause of the increased need for qualified teachersand space. Leithwood recommends broadening thefocus to include schools and districts. The promisedefficiencies of scale of large organizations have notmaterialized over two decades. Research suggests thatthe benefit to students diminishes once school districtsreach a size of 10000 students, and that the optimumsize for an elementary school is between 300 and 400students and for a secondary school between 800 and1200 students. He points out that marginal decreases inclass size are expensive to implement, while smallerschools can be of enormous value in theircommunities.

2. The scope of education policy. Restricting schoolpolicy only to what happens within the school buildingduring regular hours will not be as effective asbroadening programs to encompass the communities inwhich the children live. Research overwhelminglysupports the value to students, for example, ofprograms for parenting, provision of breakfast, andcndounselling. Leithwood urges that education policyshould be developed in tandem with other socialpolicies, such as housing (to reduce student turnover)and health care (to reduce absenteeism and physicalreasons for low achievement).

3. Funding. Leithwood decries the present piecemealapproach to school funding and asserts that we cannotcontinue in this way without jeopardizing the integrityof the education system. There are four challenges: (a)to allocate more money just to keep up with increasingcosts; (b) to tackle deferred capital expenditure; (c) tomodify the pegging of funding to student enrolment to

9


EDUCATION NOTESEd Barbeau

10

DECEMBER CMS NOTES

meet special situations arising from the diversity of thestudents and locations (schools in Northern Ontariohave different problems than those in the large southerncities); (d) to increase the range of ancillary programsthat would help students.

None of this is surprising, but it is nice to see that it issupported by educational research. To particularize this tomathematics, I have come to the conclusion that studentsuccess in our discipline depends not only curriculum andteaching, but also on other factors that are not particular tomathematics - the attitudes of the students towards learning,intellectual curiosity, the values of their families, peers andcommunities, and their priorities. The policies thatLeithwood suggests allow us to address these latter issues asthey provide the means for restoring to our schools thatsense of community that really would promote intellectualand social growth.

TrimathlonA glance through almost any modern school text will revealattempts to attract pupils through activities that aresupposed to resonate with them. Often the appeal to childishconcerns take the form of �hooks� rather than seriousattempts to demonstrate that mathematics can lend powerand insight. Thus, children may be treated to banal exercisesabout pizzas, collecting pretty shells and throwing numbercubes (the politically correct term for �dice�). A populargambit is to play �guess-my-number� game with thechildren using sequences with no context (usuallyarithmetic progressions) that are designed to foster �patternrecognition�.

This is neglects the fascination that mathematics can hold inand of itself, as well as more traditional recreationalactivities and genuine instances from everyday life wheremathematical facility is helpful. Fortunate indeed are thechildren brought up in a household that harbours jigsawpuzzles, board games and card games and that allows thema measure of responsibility in dealing with numerical tasks,interpreting diagrams and maps, and planning events. Thegames of monopoly, casino, cribbage and, eventually, bridgeembody mathematical processes and ways of thinking, andalso serve the blur the distinction between child and adult.They encourage children in the belief that they too are fullmembers of the general population and need not bepatronized by the adults around them with sterile andsanitized mathematical tasks.

Sterility exacts a price. One can wonder whether certaintasks at school stunt rather than foster imagination,especially where mathematical aspects are glossed over. Adisconcerting finding of some research, perhaps borne outby our own experience with university students, is that theskills of some students deteriorate as they advance throughthe grades, presumably because they have somehow become

alienated from mathematics. However, there are a number ofindividuals within our international community who havedone much to engage the wider population in modern ma-thematics; one of these is Paul J. Sally, Jr., of the Universityof Chicago, a noted expositor and recipient of an Award forDistinguished Public Service from the American Mathe-matical Society in 2000. He and his wife, Judith D. Sally,have just published a book directed to pupils, their teachersand parents, that will introduce them to some interestingmathematical situations, some of which are well known tomany of us.

Judith D. Sally & Paul J. Sally, Jr., TriMathlon: A workoutbeyond the school curriculum A.K. Peters, Natick,Massachusetts, 2003. ISBN 1-56881-184-5 xiv+250 pages

There are three parts correlated with the three sports of thetriathlon, swimming = arithmetic, cycling = numbers andsymmetry, and running = geometry; each corresponds to aclever logo in which numbers are combined to suggest theimage of the appropriate sport. In each part there area number of guided activities, that include questions (withsolutions later in the section) and extensions for the�endurance athlete�. It would probably be hard for most pu-pils to read the book on their own, and for this reason (aswell as the answers to the exercises), it is probably best usedby a teacher or parent who photocopies some of the materialand parcels it out. Some of the discussion involves algebraicnotation with which the reader might not be completelyfluent. Quite a few of the items are well-known, and thebenefit of the work in this case is that it pursues themsomewhat farther than is often the case.

The �race to 100� is a two-person game in which the playersplay alternately, each adding a number within a certainrange to rise from 0 to exactly 100, the winner being the onewho achieves 100. Then follows a �roll back� that involvesstarting with 100 and trying to reduce it to exactly 0 (but notbeyond) with five rolls of a die, where, at each roll, one ispermitted to subtract either the number or ten times thenumber on its face. In the third chapter, letters of thealphabet are assigned numbers and pupils have the task offinding words whose letters either sum or multiply to agiven value. All of these ideas are fine, if not particularlyexciting, but I am prepared on the basis of the experience ofthe authors to accept that the children will be interested.Certainly, all seem to be readily accessible.

In the second part, the first task is to replace the dots in thesides of an open triangle and an open square by numbers 1to 6 (for the triangle) or 1 to 8 (for the square), so that thesum of the numbers along each side is the same. Thestrength of this task lies in several factors: there are manypossible solutions, so that one is led to examine the range ofcases; some solutions are related to others either throughgeometrical symmetry or arithmetic symmetry. Thus, issuesof structure, clasification and duality come to the fore, and

11


the authors gently and thoroughly lead the reader throughthese aspects. The fifth chapter on palindromes begins withenumerating the number of palindromic integers of variouslengths, but then gets into the more interesting problem ofhow long one has to perform the recursive operation ofstarting with a number, adding it to its reverse to produceanother number, to produce a palindrome.

The next chapter also deals with a shiny chestnut: Start withfour numbers at the vertices of a square; for a second squareof numbers whose entries are the absolute difference ofadjacent pairs of number of the first square. It is know thatrepeating this process sufficiently often leads to four zeros,so pupils are invited to investigate how long the process cantake and to understand why it terminates.

The final part on geometry discusses tessellations of theplane with polygons and in particular guides pupils towards

the result that the plane can be tiled with copies of anyquadrilateral. This is followed by chapters on circle packingin the plane, polygons that can be realized in a lattice andtheir areas (leading to Pick�s formula) and dissections ofpolygons. The final project is to establish that one of twopolygons of the same area can be dissected into another, aresult that is very well described in a movie that must benow forty years old, Equidecomposible polygons.

This is a book worth owning by any school teacher ofmathematics and any of us who work extramurally with theyoung. However, anyone who takes fostering of mathematicalinterest seriously needs to go beyond this, and a good place tostart is a set of similarly intended books by Anthony D.Gardiner of the University of Birmingham in the UnitedKingdom, particularly his Discovering mathematics: the artof investigation, published by Oxford in 1987.

The most up-to-date informationconcerning all CMS Prize

Lectureships & Awards programmes,including complete lists of recipients,

can be found at:www.cms.math.ca/Prizes/

Vous trouverez l�information la plusrécente sur les prix et bourses de la

SMC, y compris les listes de lauréats,sur le site Web suivant:www.cms.math.ca/Prix/

DECEMBER CMS NOTES

HIGHLY RECOMMENDED TO ANYONE INTERESTED IN GALOIS THEORYBook review by Zinovy Reichstein, University of British Columbia

Generic Polynomialsby C.U. Jensen, A. Ledet and N. Yui

MSRI Publication Series 45Cambridge University Press 2002 ix + 258 pages

Around 1830 Galois described a procedure for assigning afinite group G to a polynomial

p(x) = xn + a1xn − 1 + ... + an−1 x + an ,

where a1, ..., an are rational numbers. This group (which isnow called the Galois group of p(x)) �measures� thedifficulty in finding the roots of this polynomial; inparticular, it tells us whether or not p(x) can be solved inradicals. Galois� contemporaries did not understand theimportance of his ideas. His most significant papers wererejected for publication, then lost by the French Academyof Sciences, and Galois himself was killed in a duel beforereaching the age of 21.

Galois� construction naturally leads to the followingquestion: Can every finite group can be realized as theGalois group of some polynomial with rationalcoefficients? While there is no direct evidence that Galoishimself ever posed this question, we are free to speculatethat he might well have done it in one of his lost papers. Inany case, this question, under the name of Inverse GaloisProblem, has become one of the most famous unsolvedproblems in mathematics and the focus of much researchover the past 150 years. Among the high points of thisresearch are the positive solutions for solvable groups by

Shafarevich in 1954 and for the monster group byThompson in 1984. The interest in this problem has beenon the rise in the past two decades, as witnessed by thepublication of a number of books and conferenceproceedings, such as Galois groups over Q, edited by Y.Ihara, K. Ribet and J.-P. Serre (1987); Topics in GaloisTheory, by J.-P. Serre (1992); Recent Developments in theInverse Galois Problem, edited by M. D. Fried (1993);Groups as Galois groups, an Introduction, by H. Völklein(1996); and Inverse Galois Theory, by G. Malle and B. H.Matzat (1999).

Much of the research on the inverse Galois problem hasbeen influenced by two ideas. One, due to Hilbert, is toconsider polynomials over Q(t); the Hilbert IrreducibilityTheorem says that if a given group can be realized overQ(t) then it can be realized over Q. This gives a geometricflavor to the subject by bringing into play the rich geometryof the affine line and its coverings. Every finite group isknown to be realizable over C(t) (by the RiemannExistence Theorem) or Qp(t) (by the Harbater ExistenceTheorem, 1987), and it is hoped that the same should betrue over Q(t). The second idea, due to Emmy Noether, isto look for a polynomial p(x) ∈ Q[x] with a given Galoisgroup G by initially assuming that the roots x1, ..., xn areindependent variables, permuted by G. These roots satisfythe polynomial P(x) = (x − x1) ... (x − xn) whose coefficientslie in the field Q(x1, ..., xn)G of G-invariant rationalfunctions in x1, ..., xn. If this field happens to be is a purelytranscendental extension of Q, then after specializing thecoefficients of P(x) to suitable rational numbers, we obtaina desired polynomial p(x) ∈ Q[t] with Galois group G.

The book under review focuses on two byproducts ofNoether�s idea: generic polynomials and the Noetherproblem. (The Noether problem asks whether or notQ(x1, ..., xn)G is a purely transcendental extension of Q. Apolynomial P(x) ∈ Q(s1, ..., sd)[x] with Galois group G iscalled versal if every G-Galois extension L/K ofcharacteristic zero can be obtained by suitably specializings1, ..., sd in K. If s1, ..., sd can also be chosen to bealgebraically independent then P(x) is called generic. Inparticular, Noether�s construction always produces a versalpolynomial P(x), and if the Noether problem has a positivesolution for G, then this polynomial is also generic.) Theauthors give a concrete and accessible introduction to thisarea of research. The writing is very clear, and the technicalprerequisites are kept to a minimum; in fact, the first threechapters may even be suitable for a topics course in algebraat the first year graduate level. The only real prerequisite is

12


a solid course in Galois Theory; the reader is not expectedto know cohomology theory or algebraic geometry. In spiteof these modest technical requirements, the book takes thereader to the frontiers of research in this area of InverseGalois Theory. Much of it is an exposition of previouslypublished results, but the reader will also find someoriginal material, as well as numerous insights andimprovements by the authors, often in the form of remarksor exercises.

At the heart of the book is the theory of generic fieldextensions and generic polynomials originated by Saltman.The authors should be commended for bringing thisbeautiful subject to a wide mathematical audience. Most ofthe necessary prerequisites (the Hilbert Irreducibilitytheorem, an introduction to the Galois theory ofcommutative rings, etc.) are included in the book. Theauthors take a very concrete and constructive approach tothe subject; one of the distinctive features of this book is agreat number of explicit examples of generic polynomials.Of course, one cannot hope to obtain similarly explicitformulas for much larger groups. On the other hand, thenumerous generic polynomials collected by the authorswill undoubtedly be of help to anyone doing Galois-theoretic computations, especially in an arithmetic setting,where roots of unity are not available.

In the last chapter the authors discuss the notions ofessential and generic dimension of a group G. The genericdimension is the minimal number d of independentparameters s1, ..., sd, as P(x) ∈ Q(s1, ..., sd)[x] ranges overall generic polynomials; the essential dimension is definedin a similar way by allowing P(x) to range over all versalpolynomials (and only counting the number of independentparameters among s1, ..., sd). The study of generic andessential dimension over Q is still in its infancy; inparticular, it is not even known whether or not they arereally different (assuming the generic dimension is finite).Also, even for cyclic groups, there are no known lower

bounds on the essential dimension over Q, beyond Q(Z/n Z) ≥ 2 for most n. The authors put together anexcellent survey of known results and several interestingconjectures; I even learned something new by reading theiraccount of my own work in Chapter 8. It is my hope thatthis book will stimulate further progress in this new andexciting area of research, at the crossroads of algebra,number theory and geometry.

I have not noticed many mistakes or misstatements in thebook. One, brought to my attention by J.-P. Serre and N.Yui, is the assertion that PGL2(Q) does not contain anelement of order 4 on p. 189, which is easily seen to befalse. The conclusion the authors draw, to the effect that thegroups C4, D4, A4, S4, C5, D5, F20, A4, A5, and S5 havegeneric dimension ≥ 2 over Q is correct, but in the case ofC4, D4, A4, and S4, a different argument is required. I wasalso puzzled by the note on p. 188, where the authors saythat the first examples of unirational but non-rationalvarieties over Q were constructed in a 1985 paper ofBeauville, Colliot-Thélène, Sansuc and Swinnerton-Dyer.(Earlier examples were constructed by Swan [1969],Voskresenskii [1970] and Manin-Iskovskih [1971].)Personally I would also have liked to see more geometricmotivation for the explicit formulas in the book, and agreater emphasis on the Multiplicative Noether Problem(which only makes a brief appearance in the last chapter),as opposed to the General Noether Problem.

These minor quibbles aside, Jensen, Ledet, and Yui havewritten a user-friendly book that has a lot to offer, both to abeginner and an experienced researcher. I highlyrecommend this book to anyone who is interested in GaloisTheory.

ÉDITORIAL (suite)

de leurs résultats dans un contexte semblable. Il estacceptable d�employer les idées des autres pour autant quel�on cite ses sources.

D�autres situations soulèvent aussi un questionnementmoral, notamment lorsqu�un auteur qui, après avoirprésenté un article à une revue, qui le lui a refusé, retrouveplus tard le contenu et les idées de son article dans uneautre publication, sous une forme différente.

D�une certaine façon, la multiplication des revues, au cours

des vingt dernières années, facilite le plagiat. Et lesbanques de travaux d�étudiants sont désormais plusproblématiques, dans certaines disciplines, qu�à l�époqueoù l�on n�avait accès qu�à des versions papier. Cependant,la facilité de diffusion des prétirages, grâce àl�informatique, aide les chercheurs à établir leurs priorités,et il existe maintenant des sites Web où l�on peutfacilement retrouver la trace de travaux copiés. Temporamutantur, nos et mutamur in illis (anonyme; parfoisattribué à Ovide.)

13

14

DECEMBER CMS NOTES

Number Theory: Andrew Granville (Université de Montréal)

Combinatorial and Geometric Group Theory: Dani Wise (McGill)

Arithmetic Geometry: E. Goren and Adrian Iovita, (McGill)

Applications of Computer Science in Algebra:

Alexei Miasnikov (McGill), and Vladimir Shpilrain (CUNY)

Harmonic Analysis: Galia Dafni (Concordia)

Mathematical Methods in Statistics: David Wolfson,

Alain Vandal, and Russell Steele (McGill)

Regularization Problems in Statistics: Jack Ramsay

Mathematics Education: organizer to be confirmed

Contributed Papers: William Brown (McGill)

Théorie des nombres : Andrew Granville (Université de Montréal)

Théorie des groupes combinatoire et géométrique :

Dani Wise (McGill)

Géométrie arithmétique : E. Goren et Adrian Iovita (McGill)

Applications de l�informatique en algèbre :

Alexei Miasnikov (McGill), et Vladimir Shpilrain (CUNY)

Analyse harmonique : Galia Dafni (Concordia)

Méthodes mathématiques en statistique :

David Wolfson, Alain Vandal, et Russell Steele (McGill)

Problèmes de régularisation en mathématique : Jack Ramsay

Didactique des mathématiques : organisateur à être confirmer

Communications libres : William Brown (McGill)

CALL FOR SESSIONS / PROPOSITIONS DE SÉANCES

CMS Winter Meeting December 2004 / Réunion d�hiver de la SMC 2004

Additional self-supported sessions play an important role in thesuccess of our meetings. The CMS welcomes and invites proposalsfor self-supported sessions for this joint meeting (December 11 -13, 2004) at McGill University, Montreal Proposals should includea brief description of the focus and purpose of the session, thenumber and expected length of the talks, as well as the organizer�sname, complete address, telephone number, e-mail address, etc.These additional sessions will be incorporated with the othersessions in time blocks allocated by the Meeting Directors. Allsessions will be advertised in the CMS Notes, on the web sites and,if possible, in the Notices of the AMS and in publications of othersocieties. Speakers in these additional sessions will be requested tosubmit abstracts which will be published in the meetingprogramme. The following provides information on the sessionsconfirmed to date.

Those wishing to organize a session should send a proposal to theMeeting Director by the deadline below.

Les séances complémentaires autonomes jouent un rôle important dansle succès de nos Réunions. La SMC vous invitent à proposer des séancesautonomes pour son congrès conjoint qui se tiendra à l�UniversitéMcGill, Montréal (du 11 décembre au 13 décembre 2004). Touteproposition comprendra une brève description de l�orientation et desobjectifs de la séance, le nombre de communications prévues et leurdurée ainsi que le nom, l�adresse complète, le numéro de téléphone, lecourriel et autres coordonnées de l�organisateur. Ces séancescomplémentaires seront intégrées aux autres séances au programme,dans des cases horaires prévues à cet effet par les directeurs de laRéunion. Toutes les séances seront annoncées dans les Notes de laSMC, sur les sites Web des deux sociétés et, si possible, dans le bulletinde l�AMS et les publications d�autres sociétés. Les conférenciers de cesséances complémentaires devront présenter un résumé qui sera publiédans le programme de la Réunion. Vous trouverez ci-dessous del�information sur les séances déjà confirmées.

Toute personne qui souhaiterait organiser une séance est priée de faireparvenir une proposition au directeur de la Réunion avant la date limiteci-dessous.

Deadline: January 15, 2004 / Date limite : 15 janvier, 2004

Meeting director / directeur de la réunion :

Olga Kharlampovich CMS Winter Meeting 2004 / Réunion d�hiver 2004 de la SMC

Department of Mathematics & StatisticsMcGill University

805 Sherbrooke Street W., Montréal, Québec - Canada H3A 2K6Tel: 514-398-3808 Fax: 514 398-3899

[email protected]

15


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16

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17


PUBLIC LECTURE / CONFÉRENCIER POPULAIREEdward Barbeau (University of Toronto)

PLENARY LECTURERS /CONFÉRENCIERS PRINICIPAUXPeter Cameron (Queen Mary University)Alan C. Newell(University of Arizona/University of Warwick)Peter Olver (University of Minnesota)Mark Lewis (University of Alberta)Mikhail Zaicev (Moscow State University)Frank T. Smith (University College London)

PRIZES and AWARDS / PRIXCMS Jeffery-Williams Prize: Joel Feldman (UBC)CMS Krieger-Nelson Prize: TBACAIMS Doctoral Dissertation Award: TBACAIMS Research Prize: TBA

CONTRIBUTED PAPERS /COMMUNICATION LIBRESWRS Sutherland (Dalhousie)

POSTER SESSIONS / AFFICHESAlan Coley (Dalhousie)and Franklin Mendivil (Acadia)

MEETING DIRECTORS /DIRECTEURS DE RÉUNIONR.J. Wood and Ray Spiteri (Dalhousie)

LOCAL ARRANGEMENTS /LOGISTIQUE LOCALEPeter Fillmore (Dalhousie)

The CMS/CAIMS Summer 2004 Meeting with the participation of the 16th Canadian Symposium on Fluid Dynamicsand the Canadian Society for History and Philosophy of MathematicsDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, Dalhousie UniversityJune 13 - 15, 2004 Halifax, NS

Réunion 2004 de la SMC/SCMAI en collaboration avec le 16e Symposium canadien sur la dynamique des fluideset la Société canadienne d'histoire et de philosophie des mathématiques Département des mathématiques et statistiques, Université DalhousieHalifax (Nouvelle-Écosse) 13-15 juin 2004

SESSIONS and ORGANIZERS16th Canadian Symposiumon Fluid DynamicsRichard Karsten (Acadia) andSerpil Kocabiyik (Memorial)

Applications of Invariant Theoryto Differential GeometriesR. Milson (Dalhousie)and M. Fels (Utah State)

Classical Analysis in honourof David Borwein's 80th BirthdayJonathan Borwein

Combinatorial Game TheoryRichard Nowakowski (Dalhousie)

Dynamical SystemsMichael A. Radin(Rochester Institute of Technology)

Financial MathematicsJoe Campoliati, David Vaughanand Yongzeng Lai (Wilfred Laurier)

General Topology and Topological AlgebrasIlijas Farah (York) and Vladimir Pestov (Ottawa)

Graph Theory and the WebJeannette Janssen (Dalhousie)

History of MathematicsTom Archibald (Acadia)

Hopf Algebras and Related TopicsYuri Bahturin (Memorial), Luzius Grunenfelder(Dalhousie), Susan Montgomery (USC),and Earl Taft (Rutgers)

Mathematical EducationRichard Hoshino (Dalhousie)and John Grant McLoughlin (UNB)

Nonlinear Dynamicsin Biology and MedicineShigui Ruan (Dalhousie)

Numerical Algorithms for DifferentialEquations and Dynamical SystemsTony Humphries (McGill)

Qualitative Behaviour and Controllability ofPartial Differential EquationsHolger Teismann (Acadia)

Topos TheoryMyles Tierney (Rutgers)

TopologyKeith Johnson (Dalhousie)and Renzo Piccinini (Milan)

SYMPOSIUMS et ORGANISATEURS16th colloque canadien sur la dynamique desfluides : Richard Karsten (Acadia) etSerpil Kocabiyik (Memorial)

Application de la théorie des invariantsà la géométrie différentielleR. Milson (Dalhousie) et M. Fels (Utah State)

L�analyse classique en l�honneur du 80ième

anniversaire de David BorweinJonathan Borwein

La théorie combinatoire des jeuxRichard Nowakowski (Dalhousie)

Les systèmes dynamiquesMichael A. Radin (Rochester Institute of Technology)

Les mathématiques financièresJoe Campoliati, David Vaughanet Yongzeng Lai (Wilfred Laurier)

La topologies gnénrales et les algébrestopologiquesIlijas Farah (York) et Vladimir Pestov (Ottawa)

Les théories des graphes et le webJeannette Janssen (Dalhousie)

Histoire des mathématiquesTom Archibald (Acadia)

Les algébres de Hopf et sujets reliésYuri Bahturin (Memorial), Luzius Grunenfelder(Dalhousie), Susan Montgomery (USC), et Earl Taft(Rutgers)

Éducation mathématiqueRichard Hoshino (Dalhousie)et John Grant McLoughlin (UNB)

Les dynamiques non-linéairesen biologie et médecineShigui Ruan (Dalhousie)

Des algorithmes numériques pour les équationsdifférentielles et les systèmes dynamiquesTony Humphries (McGill)

Le comportement qualitatif et la controlabilitédes équations différentielles partiellesHolger Teismann (Acadia)

La théorie des ToposMyles Tierney (Rutgers)

Les topologiesKeith Johnson (Dalhousie) et Renzo Piccinini (Milan)

Nous sommes heureux d�annoncerl�horaire provisoire pour la réunion d�été2004 de la SMC. Veuillez consulter notrepremière annonce dans le numéro defévrier 2004 des Notes de la SMC ou auwww.cms.math.ca/events/été04/

We are happy to announce the provisionaloutline for the Canadian MathematicalSociety Summer Meeting 2004. Look forthe First Announcement in the February2004 issue of the CMS Notes or at:www.cms.math.ca/Events/summer04/.

18

DECEMBER CMS NOTES

CALL FOR NOMINATIONS / APPEL DE MISE EN CANDIDATURES2004 CMS Doctoral Prize

Le Prix de doctorat 2004 de la SMC

The CMS Doctoral Prize recognizes outstanding performance by a doctoralstudent. The prize is awarded to the person who received a Ph.D. from aCanadian university in the preceding year (January 1st to December 31st)and whose overall performance in graduate school is judged to be the mostoutstanding. Although the dissertation will be the most important criterion(the impact of the results, the creativity of the work, the quality ofexposition, etc.) it will not be the only one. Other publications, activities insupport of students and other accomplishments will also be considered.

Nominations that were not successful in the first competition, will be keptactive for a further year (with no possibility of updating the file) and will beconsidered by the Doctoral Prize Selection Committee in the following year�scompetition.

The CMS Doctoral Prize will consist of an award of $500, a two-yearcomplimentary membership in the CMS, a framed Doctoral Prize certificateand a stipend for travel expenses to attend the CMS meeting to receive theaward and present a plenary lecture.

NominationsCandidates must be nominated by their university and the nominator isresponsible for preparing the documentation described below, andsubmitting the nomination to the address below.

No university may nominate more than one candidate and the deadline forthe receipt of nominations is January 31, 2004.

The documentation shall consist of:

� A curriculum vitae prepared by the student.

� A resumé of the student's work written by the student and whichmust not exceed ten pages. The resumé should include a briefdescription of the thesis and why it is important, as well as of anyother contributions made by the student while a doctoral student.

� Three letters of recommendation of which one should be from thethesis advisor and one from an external reviewer. A copy of theexternal examiner's report may be substituted for the latter. Morethan three letters of recommendation are not accepted.

La SMC a créé ce Prix de doctorat pour récompenser le travail exceptionneld'un étudiant au doctorat. Le prix sera décerné à une personne qui aurareçu son dipôme de troisième cycle d'une université canadienne l'annéeprécédente (entre le 1er janvier et le 31 décembre) et dont les résultats pourl'ensemble des études supérieures seront jugés les meilleurs. La dissertationconstituera le principal critère de sélection (impact des résultats, créativité,qualité de l'exposition, etc.), mais ne sera pas le seul aspect évalué. Ontiendra également compte des publications de l'étudiant, de sonengagement dans la vie étudiante et de ses autres réalisations.

Les mises en candidature qui ne seront pas choisies dans leur premièrecompétition seront considérer pour une année additionelle (sanspossibilité de mise à jour du dossier), et seront révisées par le comité desélection du Prix de doctorat l�an prochain

Le lauréat du Prix de doctorat de la SMC aura droit à une bourse de500 $. De plus, la SMC lui offrira l'adhésion gratuite à la Société pendantdeux ans et lui remettra un certificat encadré et une subvention pourfrais de déplacements lui permettant d'assister à la réunion de la SMCoù il recevra son prix et présentera une conférence.

CandidaturesLes candidats doivent être nommés par leur université; la personne quipropose un candidat doit se charger de regrouper les documents décritsaux paragraphes suivants et de faire parvenir la candidature à l'adresseci-dessous.

Aucune université ne peut nommer plus d'un candidat. Les candidaturesdoivent parvenir à la SMC au plus tard le 31 janvier 2004.

Le dossier sera constitué des documents suivants :

� Un curriculum vitae rédigé par l'étudiant.

� Un résumé du travail du candidat d'au plus dix pages, rédigé parl'étudiant, où celui-ci décrira brièvement sa thèse et en expliqueral'importance, et énumérera toutes ses autres réalisations pendant sesétudes de doctorat.

� Trois lettres de recommandation, dont une du directeur de thèse etune d'un examinateur de l'extérieur (une copie de son rapport seraitaussi acceptable). Le comité n'acceptera pas plus de trois lettres derecommandation.

Chair/PrésidentDoctoral Prize Selection Committee/Comité de sélection du Prix de doctorat

CMS Executive Office/Bureau administratif de la SMC577 King Edward, Suite 109

P.O. Box 450, Station A/C.P. 450, Succursale AOttawa, Ontario Canada

K1N 6N5

19


Le Département de mathématiques et de statistique de la Faculté des arts et des sciences de l�Université de Montréalrecherche une professeure ou un professeur au rang d�adjoint ou d�agrégé à plein temps en mathématiques appliquées. Pourtoute information sur le Département et le Centre de recherches mathématiques avec qui le Département entretient des liensétroits, veuillez visiter les sites www.dms.umontreal.ca et www.crm.umontreal.ca.

FonctionsEnseignement aux trois cycles, encadrement d�étudiants aux cycles supérieurs, activités de recherche.

ExigencesDétenir un doctorat en mathématiques appliquées ou dans une discipline connexe. La qualité du dossier en recherche estprimordiale. En particulier la candidate ou le candidat doit avoir démontré des expertises en mathématiques et dans uneautre discipline, par exemple en sciences naturelles, en médecine ou dans une technologie en émergence, avec le potentielde développer un solide programme de recherche pluridisciplinaire. La candidate ou le candidat doit posséder uneexcellente aptitude pour l�enseignement.

TraitementL�Université de Montréal offre un salaire concurrentiel jumelé à une gamme complète d�avantages sociaux.

Date d�entrée en fonction : A compter du 1er juin 2004 (sous sous réserve d�approbation budgétaire).

Les personnes intéressées doivent faire parvenir un curriculum vitae complet incluant une courte description des intérêtsde recherche, au moins trois lettres de recommandation et au maximum trois tirés à part des plus importantes contributionsà la recherche à l�adresse suivante. Le Comité commencera l�étude des dossiers en février 2004. La soumission de dossierspar voie électronique est découragée.

DirecteurDépartement de mathématiques et de statistique

Université de MontréalC.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville

Montréal QC H3C 3J7Téléphone : (514) 343-6710 Télécopieur : (514) 343-5700

[email protected]

Selon les règles de nomination de l�Université de Montréal, tous les professeurs réguliers du Département ont accès auxdossiers soumis. Pour que le dossier ne soit accessible qu�au comité de sélection, la candidate ou le candidat doit en fairela demande dans sa lettre d�accompagnement. Cette restriction de l�accessibilité d�un dossier se termine si le candidat estconvoqué en entrevue.

Conformément aux exigences prescrites en matière d�immigration au Canada, cette annonce s�adresse en priorité auxcitoyens canadiens et aux résidents permanents. L�Université de Montréal souscrit à un programme d�accès à l�égalité enemploi pour les femmes et au principe d�équité en matière d�emploi.

UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTRÉALDépartement de mathématiques et de statistique

Faculté des arts et des sciencesPoste en mathématiques appliquées

The Department of Mathematics and Statistics at Concordia University invites applications for one Senior (Tier I)Canada Research Chair. In order to successfully compete for a Canada Research Chair, the candidate is expected to havean outstanding research profile, an innovative and original research program, and the ability to attract excellent graduatestudents. Please forward applications, including a curriculum vita, a list of publications, a research proposal, an account ofteaching experience, and the names of five referees to:

Dr. Hershy Kisilevsky, Chair, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Concordia University,7141 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6.

Applications may be sent by e-mail to [email protected]. The review of applications is presently underway andwill continue until the position is filled. Concordia University is committed to employment equity.

20

DECEMBRE CMS NOTES

UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTRÉALDépartement de mathématiques et de statistique

Faculté des arts et des sciencesPoste en mathématiques appliquées

The Département de mathématiques et de statistique of the Faculté des arts et des sciences of the Université de Montréalinvites applications for a tenure-track position in applied mathematics at the rank of assistant or associate professor. Forinformation about the Département and the Université, the candidates are invited to visit the webpage of the Département(www.dms.umontreal.ca) as well as that of the Centre de recherches de mathématiques (www.crm.umontreal.ca) withwhich it has close collaborations.

Duties:Undergraduate and graduate teaching, supervision of graduate students, and research.

Requirements: To hold a Ph.D. in applied mathematics or in a closely related field. The research record must be outstanding. In particularthe candidate must have shown expertise in mathematics and in another field, e.g. in one of the natural sciences, inmedicine or an emerging technology, and must have the potential to develop a multidisciplinary research program. Thecandidate must possess excellent teaching skills. Teaching at Université de Montréal is done in French. Candidates who donot speak French must acquire an adequate knowledge of it within a reasonable period after the appointment.

SalaryThe Université de Montréal offers competitive salaries and a complete package of social benefits.

Starting Date June 1, 2004, or thereafter (subject to final budgetary approval).

The interested candidates must submit a curriculum vitae including a concise statement of their research interests, at leastthree letters of reference, and copies of at most three of their most important research publications to the following address.The Selection Committee will start studying applications during February 2004. Electronic applications are discouraged.

ChairDépartement de mathématiques et de statistique

Université de MontréalC.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville

Montréal QC H3C 3J7Téléphone : (514) 343-6710 Télécopieur : (514) 343-5700

[email protected]

The selection process of Université de Montréal gives access to submitted files to all regular professors of the Departmentunless the candidate explicitly states that access to the file should be limited to the selection committee in her or hiscovering letter. In all cases this restriction on accessibility will be lifted if the candidate is invited for an interview.

In accordance with Canadian immigration requirements, priority will be given to Canadian citizens and permanentresidents of Canada. The Université de Montréal subscribes to an affirmative action program for women and toemployment equity.

YORK UNIVERSITYThe School of Analytic Studies and Information Technology, Atkinson Faculty of Liberal and Professional Studies invitesapplications for a full-time tenure track position in mathematics at the assistant professor level effective July 1, 2004.

All positions at York University are subject to final budgetary approval. Details are available at: www.yorku.ca/acadjobs.

York University is an Affirmative Action Employer. The Affirmative Action Program can be found on York's website atwww.yorku.ca/acadjobs or a copy can be obtained by calling the affirmative action office at 416-736-5713.

All qualified candidates are encouraged to apply; however, Canadian citizens and Permanent Residents will be given priority.

21


UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTAEdmonton, Albertawww.math.ualberta.ca

Department of Mathematical and Statistical SciencesClassical AnalysisThe Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta invites applications for one tenure trackposition at the Assistant level in classical analysis. We are looking for a person with a Ph.D., a strong record/outstandingpotential for research, excellent communication and teaching skills and leadership potential.

The successful candidate must have a commitment to undergraduate and graduate education. Preferences will be given to anindividual whose research interests promote contact with other university researchers and/or industry. We are particularlyinterested in areas of approximation theory, classical Fourier analysis, applied harmonic analysis, real analysis, and relatedinequalities and function spaces.

The closing date for applications is January 1, 2004. Early applications are encouraged. For more information about theDepartment and our University, please see our web page: http://www.math.ualberta.ca

All qualified candidates are encouraged to apply; however, Canadians and permanent residents will be given priority. TheUniversity of Alberta hires on the basis of merit. We are committed to the principle of equity in employment. We welcomediversity and encourage applications from all qualified women and men, including persons with disabilities, members ofvisible minorities, and Aboriginal persons.

Applications should include curriculum vitae, a research plan and teaching dossier. Candidates should arrange for at leastthree confidential letters of reference to be sent to:

Anthony To-Ming Lau, ChairDepartment of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences

University of AlbertaEdmonton, Alberta T6G 2G1 Canada

UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTAFunctional Analysis

The Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta invites applications for a tenure trackposition at the Assistant Professor level in functional analysis. We are looking for a person with a PhD, a strong record ofoutstanding research, excellent communication and teaching skills and leadership potential. The successful candidate mustalso have a strong commitment to undergraduate and graduate education.

We are interested in a person whose research interests would complement and strengthen the functional analysis group inour department. These interests include, in particular, the areas of abstract harmonic analysis, asymptotic geometricanalysis, Banach algebras, Banach spaces and operator theory/algebras/spaces.

For more information about the Department and our University, please see our web page: http://www.math.ualberta.ca

Applications should include curriculum vitae, a research plan and teaching dossier. Candidates should arrange for at leastthree confidential letters of reference to be sent to:

Anthony To-Ming Lau, ChairDepartment of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences

University of AlbertaEdmonton, Alberta T6G 2G1 Canada

The closing date for applications is January 15, 2004. Early applications are encouraged.

All qualified candidates are encouraged to apply; however, Canadians and permanent residents will be given priority. TheUniversity of Alberta hires on the basis of merit. We are committed to the principle of equity in employment. We welcomediversity and encourage applications from all qualified women and men, including persons with disabilities, members ofvisible minorities, and Aboriginal persons.

22

DECEMBRE CMS NOTES

CALENDAR OF EVENTS / CALENDRIER DES ÉVÉNEMENTSDECEMBER 2003 DÉCEMBRE

6 - 8 CMS Winter Meeting / Réunion d�hiver de la SMCSimon Fraser University(Harbour Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia)Monique Bouchard: [email protected]

15 - 19 28th Australasian Conference on CombinatorialMathematics and Combinatorial Computing(Melbourne, Australia)www.cm.deakin.edu.au/comb2003melbourne

17 - 20 First Joint AMS-India Mathematics Meeting(Bangalore, India) www.ams.org/meetings/

22 - 25 International Conference on Analysis andApplications (BHU, Varanasi, India)[email protected]

JANUARY 2004 JANVIER

5-9 Workshop on Large N limits of U(N) Gauge Theoryin Physics and Mathematics(CRM, U. de Montreal, Montreal, QC)[email protected]

21 - 30 Advanced Course on Ramsey Methods in Analysis(Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain)Joan Bagaria: www.crm.es/RamseyMethods

FEBRUARY 2004 FÉVRIER

2 - 13 Advanced Course on Contemporary Cryptology(Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain)Paz Morillo: www.crm.es/ContemporaryCryptology

9-13 Session on Geometric Aspects of FunctionalAnalysis (GAFA) of the Joint Meeting of the NewZealand Mathematical Society and Israeli MathematicalUnionwww.mcs.vuw.ac.nz/~mathmeet/vic2004/index.shtml

23-25 The Point of Point Processes (FieldsInstitute/University of Ottawa Workshop Series 2004)www.mathstat.uottawa.ca/fields/fields.htm

MARCH 2004 MARS

4-6 Workshop on Spectral Geometry(CRM, U. de Montreal, Montreal, QC)[email protected]

APRIL 2004 AVRIL

4 -7 Fractal 2004, Complexity and Fractals in Nature, 8th

International Multidisciplinary Conference(Vancouver, BC)www.kingston.ac.uk/fractal/

MAY 2004 MAI

3-8 AARMS-CRM Workshop on Singular Integrals andAnalysis on CR Manifolds(Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS)http://math.mun.ca/aarms

4-7 Workshop on Spectral Theory and AutomorphicForms (CRM, U. de Montreal, Montreal, QC)[email protected]

24-28 Workshop on Hamiltonian Dynamical Systems(jointly with the Fields Institute)(CRM, U. de Montreal, Montreal, QC)[email protected]

28 - 31 International Conference on Mathematics and itsApplications (Hong Kong)http://www.cityu.edu.hk/rcms/icma2004

JUNE 2004 JUIN

1-11 Workshop on Semi-classical Theory ofEigenfunctions and PDEs (CRM, U. de Montreal,Montreal, QC) [email protected]

10-14 CCWEST 2004, National Conference for theAdvancement of Women in Engineering, Science andTechnology (Brock University, St. Catharines, ON)http://www.brocku.ca/fms/ccwest2004

13 - 15 CMS Summer Meeting / Réunion d�été de laSMC (Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia)Monique Bouchard: [email protected]

18-23 Mathematical Foundations of Learning Theory(Barcelona, Spain)Gábor Lugosi: www.crm.es/MathematicalFoundations

27 - July 2 European Congress of Mathematics(Stockholm, Sweden)Ari Laptev: [email protected]

30-July 7 Fourth World Congress of NonlinearAnalysis(WCNA 2004) (Hyatt Orlando, Florida)http://kermani.math.fit.edu/ � [email protected]

JULY 2004 JUILLET

4 - 11 The 10th International Congresson Mathematical Education(Copenhagen, Denmark) www.ICME-10.dk

5-9 19th "Summer" Conference on Topology and itsApplications (University of Cape Town, South Africa)http://www.mth.uct.ac.za/Conferences/Topology

5 - 16 Advanced Course on Automata Groups(Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain)Warren Dicks: www.crm.es/AutomataGroups

12 - 15 First Joint Canada-France meeting of themathematical sciences / Premier congrès Canada-France des sciences mathématiques, (Toulouse, France)www.cms.math.ca/Events/Toulouse2004/www.smc.math.ca/Reunions/Toulouse2004/

12 - August 6 Third Annual AARMS Summer School(Memorial University, St. John's), [email protected]

18-24 International Conference on General Relativity andGravitation (Dublin, Ireland)[email protected]

JULY 2004 JUILLET

26-30 Workshop on Spectral Theory of SchrödingerOperators (CRM, U. de Montreal, Montreal, QC)[email protected].

AUGUST 2004 AOÛT

2-6 Workshop on Dynamics in StatisticalMechanics(CRM, U. de Montreal, Montreal, QC)[email protected]

6-7 New Directions in Probability Theory (FieldsInstitute, Toronto,ON)http://www.imstat.org/meetings/NDPT/default.htm

DECEMBER 2004 DÉCEMBRE

11 - 13 CMS Winter Meeting / Réunion d�hiverde la SMC, (McGill University, Montréal, Québec)Monique Bouchard: [email protected]

RATES AND DEADLINES 2003 / TARIFS ET ÉCHÉANCES 2003

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