sstrm - strategicreviewgroup.ca - human and systems integration workshop - volume 1 - report...

Department of National Defence

Defence Research and Development Canada

Industry Canada

November 25, 2010

Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap

Workshop 6:

Soldier Human and Systems Integration

Gatineau, Québec, September 21-22, 2010

Volume 1. Report

Page ii of 122

Acknowledgements

The Department of National Defence (DND), Defence Research and Development Canada

(DRDC), and Industry Canada (IC) would like to acknowledge the contributions and support

provided by the IC Special Events team that organized the Soldier Human and Systems

Integration workshop venue, logistics, and accommodations; the Human and Systems Integration

technical subcommittee and co-chairs and the Executive Steering Committee for sharing their

time and expertise; The Strategic Review Group (SRG) Inc., for facilitating the workshop; and the

participants from across Canada, the United States, and abroad, who contributed to making the

workshop a success. Special thanks to those who presented at the workshop, for sharing their

time, energy, and knowledge.

In addition, many thanks to the Canadian Forces Directorate of Armoured Vehicle Program

Management for providing a LAV 3 vehicle, to Mr. D. Palmer and Captain A. Dionne of the

Directorate of Land Requirements (DLR-5), the Canadian Forces rifle section from the Cameron

Highlanders of Ottawa, and the light armoured vehicle driver from the Régiment de Hull, who

provided an demonstration of the challenges associated with integrating human and systems

components of the soldier system in a combat situation.

Page iii of 122

Table of Contents

Executive Summary .......................................................................................... vii

Human and Systems Integration Workshop and the SSTRM .......................... 8

About the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap .................................................... 8

Human and Systems Integration Workshop and the Roadmap ................................. 9

The Workshop Process .......................................................................................... 10

Introductory Presentation Abstracts ........................................................................ 11

Opening Remarks, Mr. T. Elliot, DG IC; Dr. D. Reding, DG DRDC Toronto;

Mr. L. Garland (TSC Industry Co-Chair) .............................................. 11

Workshop Program and TRM Background, Mr. G. Nimmo (IC) ....................... 12

Workshop Process, Mr. P. Carr (Strategic Review Group Inc.) ........................ 12

Soldier Systems TRM Update, LCol. M.A. Bodner (DRDC) ............................. 13

1. Exploring Operational Space: Key Deficiencies and Priorities .............. 15

Presentation Abstracts ........................................................................................... 15

1.1 Future Soldier System Capability Areas: H&SI Requirements and

Challenges, Maj. J. Herbert (DLR5-6) .................................................. 15

1.2 Human and Systems Integration: Lethal and Non Lethal, Maj. B.

Gilchrist (DBRT 5-5) ............................................................................. 16

Demonstration of Soldier Equipment/Usage by Mr. Douglas Palmer and

Canadian Forces Personnel ............................................................................ 17

The Cast of Characters ................................................................................... 17

Instructions for Observing the Demonstration .................................................. 17

Introduction to the Demonstration .................................................................... 18

The Action—Close With and Destroy the Enemy ............................................. 19

Chapter 2. Exploring Functional Space: Related H&SI Challenges ............. 25


2.1 Introduction to Workshop Themes and Physical Ergonomics and

Integration Challenges, Mrs. L. Bossi (DRDC Toronto) ........................ 25

2.2 Soldier Equipment/Vehicle/Communications Integration

Requirements, Mr. M. A. Rochon (DSSPM-10-4-4) .............................. 27

Page iv of 122

2.3 USMC Approach to Soldier Burden, Mr. D. Tack (Humansystems

Inc. Rep. USMC MERS Project) ........................................................... 27

2.4 Luncheon Speaker: Dr. E. S. Redden (ARL), Advanced Interfaces

for Dismounted Warfighters ................................................................. 28

2.5 Challenges of Soldier Protection Integration, Mr. S. Boyne (DRDC

Toronto) ............................................................................................... 29

2.6 Requirements for Enhancing Soldier Perception, Situation

Awareness and Cognition, Mr. D. Tack (Humansystems Inc.) .............. 30

2.7 Soldier System Integration Challenges and Issues: An Industry

Perspective, Mr. W. Downing (Industry Rep, TSC Speech) .................. 31

2.8 ICee-Wiki Update, Mrs. M. Huard (IC-DND) ......................................... 32

Breakaway Session 1. Key Challenges for Human and Systems

Integration Themes ......................................................................................... 33

Themes for Breakaway Session 1 ................................................................... 33

Seating Plan for Breakaway Session 1 ............................................................ 35

Instructions for Breakaway Session 1 .............................................................. 35

Plenary Report Back for Breakaway Session 1................................................ 36

Detailed Results of Breakaway Session 1 ....................................................... 38

Homework Instructions .................................................................................... 39

3. Exploring Solution Space: Enabling Technologies,

Processes and Tools .................................................................................. 40

Stickies on the Wall Exercise.................................................................................. 40


3.1 Challenges and Tools for Effective Soldier System Integration,

Mrs. L. Bossi (DRDC Toronto) ............................................................. 41

3.2. The Role of Biomechanics in Effective Soldier System Integration,

Dr. J. Stevenson (Queen's University) ................................................. 42

3.3 Virtual Simulations for Soldiers: Concepts and Applications,

Dr. F. Bernier (DRDC Valcartier) .......................................................... 42

3.4 Decision Aids for Soldiers, Dr. D. Bryant and Dr. J. Hollands

(DRDC Toronto) ................................................................................... 43

3.5 Soldier-Vehicle Integration: A TTCP Approach, Dr. M. Ducharme

(DRDC Valcartier) ................................................................................ 44

Page v of 122

Breakaway Session 2. System Optimization: Solutions, Enabling Technologies,

Processes and Tools ....................................................................................... 45


Plenary Report Back for Breakaway Session 2................................................ 48

Detailed Results of Breakaway Session 2 ....................................................... 51

4. Exploring R&D Space: Focus Areas and Potential Collaborations ........ 52

Luncheon Speaker ................................................................................................. 52

4.1 Luncheon Speaker: Overview of the Strategic Aerospace and

Defence Industrial Program (SADI), Mr. M. A. Blais (IC-ITO) ............... 52

ICee Contest Winner Presentation Abstracts .......................................................... 53

4.2 Infantryman Communication Interface (ICI), Mr. A. Poirier,

Rheinmetall Defence ............................................................................ 53

4.3 Software Solutions for NVG ENVG Integration, Mr. G. Martin,

Robotics and Computer Vision System Integration .............................. 54

4.4 Human Performance Centered Engineering, Mr. J. Johnson,

SantosHuman ...................................................................................... 54

4.5 Knee Stress Release Device (K-SRD™), Mr. M. Rittenhouse,

B-TEMIA .............................................................................................. 55

Breakaway Session 3: R&D Focus Areas and Potential Collaborations .................. 56


Plenary Report Back from Breakaway Session 3 ............................................. 58

Results of Breakaway Session 3 ..................................................................... 58

5. Soldier Systems TRM Next Steps ................................................................ 68

SSTRM Next Steps and Workshop Closure, LCol. M.A. Bodner (DRDC) ............... 68

Developing the Roadmap ....................................................................................... 69

Sharing Knowledge with the ICee Database and Wiki ............................................ 69

Page vi of 122

Appendixes

A. Workshop Agenda ........................................................................................ 70

B. List of Participants ........................................................................................ 72

C. Breakaway Session 1 Participant Input: Key Challenges by Theme ............ 76

D. Breakaway Session 2 Participant Input: System Optimization Solution:

Enabling Technologies, Processes and Tools ............................................ 111

List of Figures

Figure 1. Soldier Human and Systems Integration and the

Soldier Systems TRM ............................................................................ 9

Figure 2. The Workshop Process ........................................................................ 10

Figure 3. The Human and Systems Integration Themes ..................................... 34

Figure 4. Breakaway Session 1 Plenary Report Back ......................................... 36

Figure 5. Example of Technology Roadmap Brainstorming Sticky ..................... 39

Figure 6. Technical-Functional Challenges Identified by

Workshop Participants .......................................................................... 38

Figure 7. The Shift to a Horizontal View of Capability Optimization .................... 46

Figure 8. The Challenge List for Step 1 of Breakaway Session 2 ....................... 47

Figure 9. The Table for Step 4 of Breakaway Session 2 ..................................... 47

Figure 10. Breakaway Session 2 Plenary Report Back—Potential

Solutions and Related Enabling Technologies ................................... 48

Figure 11. Sample Breakaway Session 3 Output Form ...................................... 57

Page vii of 122

Executive Summary

This report describes the Soldier Human and Systems Integration Workshop held in

Gatineau, Québec, in September, 2010—the sixth in a series of workshops held as part

of the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmapping (SSTRM) initiative.

The Introduction, Human and Systems Integration Workshop and the SSTRM,

provides an overview of the roadmap, places the human and systems integration

workshop in the context of the roadmap, describes the workshop goal and process, and

includes abstracts of introductory presentations made at the workshop.

Chapter 1, Exploring Operational Space: Key Deficiencies and Priorities, provides

abstracts of workshop presentations focusing on the deficiencies and priorities

associated with human and systems integration and the Canadian soldier. It also

describes a demonstration presented by Canadian Forces personnel to illustrate those

deficiencies and priorities.

Chapter 2, Exploring Functional Space: Related H&SI Challenges, provides

presentation abstracts related to workshop themes and challenges. It also describes

breakaway session 1, a roundtable discussion during which workshop participants

refined their understanding of the challenges from the perspective of three workshop

themes.

Chapter 3, Exploring Solution Space: Enabling Technologies, Processes and

Tools, provides additional presentation abstracts and describes breakaway session 2,

during which workshop participants brainstormed on solutions to the challenges, and

related technologies for overall system optimization.

Chapter 4, Exploring R&D Space: Focus Areas and Potential Collaborations,

provides abstracts for the luncheon speaker and for ICee contest winner speakers. It

also describes breakaway session 3, during which workshop participants identified

collaborations for addressing solutions to integration and soldier systems needs.

Chapter 5, Soldier Systems Next Steps, describes the next phases in the SSTRM

process.

Appendixes provide the workshop agenda, a list of participants, and detailed participant

input from breakaway sessions 1 and 2.

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Human and Systems Integration Workshop and the SSTRM

The Soldier Human and Systems Integration Workshop was held in the Château Cartier

Hotel in Gatineau, Québec, September 21-22, 2010, as part of the development phase

of the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmapping (SSTRM) initiative.

About the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap

The Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap project is a unique industry-government

collaboration that applies roadmapping principles and processes to develop a

comprehensive knowledge-sharing platform and identify emerging technology priorities

in support of the Canadian Forces Soldier Modernization Effort.

Participation in the Soldier Systems TRM is free and voluntary and open to Canadian

and international manufacturing, services, and technology-based companies of all sizes,

and to researchers and other experts from academia, government, and not-for-profit

research organizations from Canada and around the world.

The focus of the Soldier Systems TRM—the soldier system—is defined within NATO as

the integration of everything the soldier wears, carries and consumes for enhanced

individual and collective (small unit) capability within the national command and control

structure. It centers on the needs of the dismounted soldier, who is often away from the

supply network, and must be self-sufficient for up to 72 hours.

The overarching goal of the Soldier Systems TRM is to understand how today's

technology—and tomorrow's—might contribute to a superior soldier system that

increases capacities and operational effectiveness for the individual soldier in the five

NATO capability areas of Command, Control, Communications, Computers and

Intelligence (C4I); Survivability; Mobility; Lethality; and Sustainability.

The Soldier Systems TRM exercise is governed by an Executive Steering Committee

made up of government and industry representatives, and includes technical

subcommittees dedicated to each capability area.

For information about any aspect of the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap project,

visit http://www.soldiersystems-systemesdusoldat.collaboration.gc.ca

http://www.soldiersystems-systemesdusoldat.collaboration.gc.ca/

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Human and Systems Integration Workshop and the Roadmap

Soldier Human and Systems Integration was the

sixth workshop held as part of the development

phase of the Soldier Systems TRM. (Figure 1.

Soldier Human and Systems Integration Workshop

and the Soldier Systems TRM).

The goals of the workshop were to:

identify/validate future soldier capability

requirements

identify/validate related technical/functional

challenges

identify/prioritize enabling/emerging

technologies, R&D focus areas and

collaboration opportunities.

Human and Systems Integration Theme

Areas

To help focus this effort, three human and systems

integration themes were identified:

1. Physical Integration on the soldier.

Internal physical integration.

2. Perceptual/Cognitive Integration on the

soldier. Internal psychological integration.

3. System Architecture and Interoperability.

External integration.

During parts of the workshop, tables were labeled

with these themes, giving participants the

opportunity to sit at tables consistent with their

primary areas of expertise and interest.

Figure 1. Soldier Human and Systems Integration

Workshop and the Soldier Systems TRM

4b). Technical

Workshop:

Sensors

1.

Visioning & Future Capabilities

2. Technical Workshop:

Power/Energy/Sustainability


Weapons: Lethal & Non-Lethal

4a) Technical

Workshop:

C4I


Survivability/Sustainability/

Mobility


Human & Systems Integration

Roadmap Integration

Capstone Report

Information/feedback sessions

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The Workshop Process

To achieve its goal, the workshop followed a carefully designed, four-step process

(Figure 2. The Workshop Process):

1. Explore operational space to define the problem

2. Explore functional space to identify challenges

3. Explore solution space to define potential solutions/technologies and system

optimization

4. Explore S&T and R&D space to identify potential collaborations to build solutions

This report summarizes the presentations and breakaway sessions associated with each

step in the process. It follows the structure of the workshop agenda (Appendix A.

Workshop Agenda).

Figure 2. The Workshop Process

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Introductory Presentation Abstracts

Note. Complete workshop presentations are provided in Volumes 2 and 3 of the

workshop documentation. The presentations are also available in the ICee tool on the

Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap web site: http://www.soldiersystems-

systemesdusoldat.collaboration.gc.ca and on the web site of the Strategic Review

Group: http://strategicreviewgroup.ca/

Opening Remarks, Mr. T. Elliot, DG IC; Dr. D. Reding, DG DRDC Toronto;

Mr. L. Garland (TSC Industry Co-Chair)

The workshop was opened, and participants welcomed, by Mr. Tim Elliot, Director

General, Industry Canada; Dr. Dale Reding, Director General, DRDC Toronto; and Mr.

Laurin Garland, of Vernac Ltd., Industry co-chair of the Human and Systems Integration

Technical Sub-committee of the Soldier System Technology Roadmap, representing

industry.

These speakers emphasized the importance of the Soldier Systems TRM as a vehicle

for promoting collaboration among the many stakeholders in the realm of the soldier

system, and welcomed and thanked those attending for their participation. Comments

included:

A recognition by Mr. Elliot of the innovative nature of the Innovation and

Collaboration Exchange Environment (ICee), the first public-facing Wiki of the

Government of Canada

The acknowledgement by Dr. Reding that the SSTRM is a way to support

Canada's soldier modernization effort by helping converge on future soldier

systems capability needs and the requisite supporting technologies, stimulate

and forecast technological developments, and provide the structure around which

planning and coordination of technical planning can take place

The observation by Mr. Garland that the SSTRM is a true collaborative effort by

industry, government and academia that is rare, and that promises concrete

results



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Workshop Program and TRM Background, Mr. G. Nimmo (IC)

Defines and provides an

overview of the technology

roadmapping process.

Describes other Canadian

roadmapping experiences.

Outlines the Soldier Systems

TRM Project, including its

objectives and the roles of

industry/academia and

government. Describes the

overall TRM phases, including

the current Development

Phase. Outlines Development

Phase activities and schedule.

Workshop Process, Mr. P. Carr (Strategic Review Group Inc.)

Outlines the workshop

objectives. Describes the

workshop process. Asserts that

workshop success means

discussion, contribution,

collaboration, creativity, interest

and curiosity.

Presents a definition for

functional objective/technical

challenge.

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Soldier Systems TRM Update, LCol. M.A. Bodner (DRDC)

Outlines army capability

concepts and land systems,

and refers to the future security

environment. Describes the

Canadian Soldier

Modernization Effort (Army of

Tomorrow, Army of the Future

concepts). Defines the soldier

system as everything that a

soldier wears, carries,

consumes, or otherwise uses to

optimize and sustain his tasks

and performance

(cognitive/physical/social) in all

operational environments. Explains the "system of systems" approach and challenges.

Provides highlights of earlier

workshops: Power & Energy;

Soldier Lethal and Non-Lethal

Weapons; C4I-Sensors;

Soldier Survivability,

Sustainability, Mobility.

Outlines capability trade-offs,

and the hard problem of

balancing all aspects of the

soldier system to generate a

holistic solution that maximizes

soldier effectiveness.

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1. Exploring Operational Space: Key Deficiencies and Priorities

This chapter provides abstracts of presentations that focused on Human and Systems

Integration deficiencies and challenges, and describes a demonstration presented by

Canadian Forces personnel to illustrate integration deficiencies and challenges.

Presentation Abstracts

1.1 Future Soldier System Capability Areas: H&SI Requirements and

Challenges, Maj. J. Herbert (DLR5-6)

Describes the tasks the

Canadian soldier is called on to

perform. Outlines the mission

of the Directorate of Land

Requirements (DLR).

Describes soldier system

requirements, the soldier of

today, the challenges

associated with meeting

capabilities. Describes the

ISSP Networked Soldier.

Presents a vision for soldier

system integration.

Emphasizes the need for

human testing of systems. Introduces the soldier demonstration that follows, using

Canadian Forces personnel to illustrate key integration challenges and human factors.

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1.2 Human and Systems Integration: Lethal and Non Lethal, Maj. B.

Gilchrist (DBRT 5-5)

Provides an overview of lethal

and non-lethal weapons effects

future requirements related to

human factors and systems

integration. Explains why non-

lethal effects are needed, and

describes the "escalation of

force continuum capability gap."

Describes small arms in current

use, and outlines the SARP 2

project to modernize or replace

most small arms. Emphasizes

the need to reduce weight and

to provide power to the system.

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Demonstration of Soldier Equipment/Usage by Mr. Douglas Palmer and Canadian Forces Personnel

A highlight of past Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap workshops has been a series

of demonstrations by Canadian Forces personnel illustrating the challenges associated

with performing combat missions using currently available equipment. At the Human and

Systems Integration Workshop, the demonstration involved a dismounted section in

partial battle gear exiting a LAV 3 armoured vehicle, performing a number of

manoeuvres, and returning to the vehicle.

The Cast of Characters

The demonstration was lead by Mr. D. Palmer of the Directorate of Land Requirements

(DLR 5) Soldier Systems Section, and a member of the Project Director Team for the

Integrated Soldier System Project. Mr. Palmer spent 42 years in the Canadian Forces,

most of them the Infantry.

The soldiers participating in the demonstration were:

A rifle section from the Cameron Highlanders of Ottawa. Two of the soldiers have

seen service in Afghanistan

A LAV 3 driver from Le Régiment de Hull, who has done a tour of duty in

Afghanistan

The vehicle used for the demonstration was a LAV 30140 provided by the Directorate of

Armored Vehicle Program Management. In addition to the soldiers used in the demo,

this vehicle normally has a commander and a gunner, which were not part of this demo.

Instructions for Observing the Demonstration

The workshop participants were asked to keep in mind two questions while observing

the demonstration:

1. Name one human/system integration issue that was not mentioned in the

demonstration.

2. Which integration issues or deficiencies do you think are the most important to

the soldier system?

Participants were told they would have an opportunity to provide their answers during a

plenary debriefing session following the demonstration.

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Introduction to the Demonstration

The demonstration was designed to provide the workshop audience with insights into the

human factors aspects of the soldier as a weapon platform within the dismounted

infantry.

Along with the associated presentations, it addressed the first part of the four-step

workshop process, exploring the operational space, and providing a capability recap and

demo to identify key deficiencies and priorities.

To prepare the audience for the demo, it was pointed out that they would see:

Basic load and equipment configurations for four Canadian Forces roles:

Commander, C9 Gunner, M203 Gunner, and rifleman

The soldiers would be divided into two four-man assault groups in an eight

person section

It was also pointed out what the audience would not see, and would need to remember:

The weight, volume, and power demands of the rifle section when combat loaded

(for the demonstration, not all of the usual equipment was included)

The demand for increased tactical-level individual and team performance in

complex terrain that is a result of a detailed understanding by the soldier of:

o What the commander wants to accomplish

o The situation that the soldier is being exposed to

o The ability to conduct target acquisition rapidly and accurately

The fact that, while equipment is designed to accommodate 95% of the

population, the expectation is that 100% of the population will be required and

capable of deploying and using all weapons and equipment

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The Action—Close With and Destroy the Enemy

The infantry's role is to close with and destroy the enemy—a task that places individuals

in direct contact with the enemy, where close combat is likely.

To illustrate a typical infantry mission, the demonstration was divided into seven sub-

demos, with the action becoming more intense and dynamic over time.

Action 1—Vehicle dismount into extended line

In this part of the demo, the rear door of the armoured vehicle was lowered, and the

soldiers:

Dismounted from the vehicle, orienting themselves toward the enemy (the vehicle

is always oriented with the enemy in front)

Made appropriate observations of the surrounding area

Took up fire positions, spacing to reduce casualties from enemy fire or IEDs

Began verbal communication about, and coordination of, their mission

Action 2—Movement into single file to wood line

In this part of the demo, the soldiers oriented themselves toward a line of woods, where

the enemy was thought to be positioned. This illustrated:

The type of all-round observation conducted by the soldiers on an ongoing basis

The continued spacing to reduce casualties

The ability to engage targets to either side of the soldiers

Ongoing communication and coordination via verbal and hand signals

Action 3—Movement in extended line over open ground

The soldiers then moved toward the enemy position, illustrating how very exposed

soldiers are in this type of operation. In the process, they continued to demonstrate the

all-round observation, spacing, ability to engage on left or right, and communication and

coordination activities that began when they first left the vehicle.

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Action 4—Movement into the vehicle

Returning from the wood line, the soldiers demonstrated how they re-enter the vehicle,

continuing to engage in all-round observation, and handing off observation

responsibilities as they enter the vehicle one-by-one. Coordination and communication

continued as before.

Action 5—Dismount to assault line

The soldiers then exited the vehicle again, and demonstrated an alignment designed to

use firepower to the front of the vehicle and engage the enemy as a section, covering

ground and engaging in close combat.

Action 6—Room clearance

The soldiers split into two groups to demonstrate entering and clearing a room. The

rooms were represented by areas marked on the parking lot where the demonstration

occurred. This illustrated:

The need for speed and good technique and tactics

The areas of responsibilities of the different soldiers

The need for continued communication and coordination

Action 7—Demonstration of individual roles

Finally, the soldiers made clear the different roles associated with the preceding actions:

An eight person section, make up of Sergeant, Master Corporal, and six

corporals or privates

Two assault groups of four persons (Sergeant and three corporals or privates)

Within each assault group, a Commander, C9 Gunner, M203 Gunner, and

Rifleman

Interaction with observers

Following the demonstration, the soldiers made themselves available to answer

questions and explain various pieces of equipment to the workshop participants. The

vehicle was also available to examine.

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The Plenary Debrief—Integration Issues Observed

After viewing the demonstration and interacting with the soldiers and equipment, the

workshop participants returned to the meeting room to answer the questions they had

been given:

1. Name one human/system integration issue that was not mentioned in the

demonstration.

2. Which integration issues or deficiencies do you think are the most important to

the soldier system?

What follows is a summary of observations shared by participants during the debrief.

Observation 1. Communications integration and coordination

Observed the need for communications integration and coordination among the

soldiers and between the soldiers and the vehicle

The vehicle driver and soldiers use separate communications systems

Observation 2. Customization

There was a lot of customization going on—soldiers customizing the kit they take

on operations

The backpacks the soldiers were carrying were light relative to the kit actually

carried in battle, which would make it even more difficult to exit and enter a

vehicle

Observation 3. Situation awareness

Having spoken to all eight soldiers about deficiencies, the comment about

situation awareness (SA) kept coming up

The level of SA provided will need to be adjusted to minimize information

overload, and SA is not meant to be used during close-combat action

Observation 4. Low visibility for driver and commander

Visibility for the driver and commander is limited

It takes time to transition from darkness to bright sunlight or heavy fog

Noted that there is a screen inside the vehicle to show what the driver sees

outside the vehicle

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Observation 5. Integration and compatibility of the equipment

The communications system doesn't seem to fit well with the rest of the

equipment

Additional ammunition is needed but can get in the way

Best arrangement of equipment on the soldier is not trivial and is subject to

personal preferences

Compatibility issues mainly raised for the gas mask which is not fully compatible

with the communications system (Putting on the mask means losing the

communications system, and resorting to hand signals)

Observation 6. Lack of communication/education

Soldiers could be better informed about the equipment development/acquisition

process, i.e., explaining why decisions are made

Need to better inform soldiers and get them more involved in feedback/decisions

about equipment

Observation 7. International considerations

Canada rarely deploys as a single force, but is integrated with NATO and others

What are the interoperability capabilities among different NATO forces? Different

equipment, different ammunition

Observation 8. The soldier as sensor

The soldier is the main sensor system out there

Integration of remote sensors, unmanned systems, would significantly reduce the

risk and lower the workload on the soldier

Observation 9. Soldiers vs. police and first responders

The soldier kit doesn‘t seem as much state-of-the-art as police and first

responders' kit

Little things can make big differences—e.g., gloves that don't allow easy use of

equipment, a holster that is not optimal for operations, a load-carrying vest that

works

Some of these minor deficiencies noted may be addressed easily and at low cost

The equipment display didn‘t appear to be as fully integrated as it could be

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Observation 10. Human thermoregulation issues

Enhanced thermoregulation (heat/cold management) was raised as an important

issue, especially heat stroke prevention and cold management

Observation 11. The tactical vest

Limitations of current vest for carrying more equipment

Carrying 10 mags of ammunition in actual operations means less space for other

components

Need the ability to snap equipment components into place

Observation 12. No knee or elbow protection

The soldiers were not wearing knee and elbow protection

It was raised that knee pads are part of the current kit, but were not worn during

the demo

Need to have a solution that stays in place and permits the soldier the flexibility to

reach all equipment

Observation 13. More gear means less mobility

The soldiers didn't wear everything they could possibly have in the demo—for

example, no night-vision binoculars, no illuminator (TAG IR) for night ops that

shows position

Soldier equipment solutions are always adjusted to its mission. Close combat

night operations are the most demanding situations where more equipment is

needed

Need to bear in mind that the more equipment a soldier carries the less mobile

the soldier becomes

Observation 14. Different sensors from different companies

Part of the problem is that different sensors come from different companies, each

with their own IP, which limits full integration

Need to define good interface standard

Need to find ways enabling all the different sensors to work together

Observation 15. Accessibility of sensors

Sensors are only good if the soldier can reach them and use them

Optimal sensors location is critical

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Weight/volume

Load carriage

Mobility vs Protection

Power

Consumption

Nature

Anthropometrics

Soldier – Vehicle Interoperability

Communications

Target Detect-Discriminate-Inform-Prosecute

Soldier Demo – Key Integration Challenges

Weight/volume

Load carriage

Mobility vs Protection

Power

Consumption

Nature

Anthropometrics

Soldier – Vehicle Interoperability

Communications

Target Detect-Discriminate-Inform-Prosecute

Soldier Demo – Key Integration Challenges

Observation 16. Kudos for including a vehicle in the demonstration

Kudos for including a vehicle in the demonstration, so that it was more realistic

Vehicles are used well in support of the soldier—e.g., for power and other

functions—and need to be considered with the soldier system. They are not just

for loading and carrying, but provide support in many ways

What additional ways could the vehicle be used to support the soldiers once they

had exited?

Conclusions

The feedback received from

the participants during the

plenary session is coherent

with the integration challenges

identified by the Army:

weight/volume; power;

anthropomentrics; soldier-

vehicle interoperability; and

target detection,

discrimination, information,

and prosecution. In addition,

workshop participants went beyond these basic challenges to describe other points and

challenges during the plenary.

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Chapter 2. Exploring Functional Space: Related H&SI Challenges

This chapter provides abstracts of workshop presentations that focused on Human and

Systems Integration challenges. It also describes Breakout Session 1. Key Challenges

for Human and Systems Integration Themes.


2.1 Introduction to Workshop Themes and Physical Ergonomics and

Integration Challenges, Mrs. L. Bossi (DRDC Toronto)

Defines the multidisciplinary field of Human and Systems Integration (HSI). Presents a

model for considering the

soldier as a system. Introduces

the workshop HSI themes:

Physical Integration on

the soldier

Perceptual/Cognitive

Integration on the

soldier

System Architecture and

Interoperability.

Outlines the physical

ergonomics and integration

challenges faced.

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2.2 Soldier Equipment/Vehicle/Communications Integration

Requirements, Mr. M. A. Rochon (DSSPM-10-4-4)

Provides an overview of the

Soldier Modernization Program

and integration requirements.

Describes key goals for C4I,

power, communications,

position generation, and battle

management. Describes

current and future solutions for

a rifleman personal network.

Emphasizes the need to

enhance all aspects of soldier

capabilities, reduce cognitive

load, minimize user

intervention, and minimize

weight and volume.

2.3 USMC Approach to Soldier Burden, Mr. D. Tack (Humansystems Inc.

Rep. USMC MERS Project)

Describes the Marine

Expeditionary Rifle Squad

(MERS) mission. Outlines MC-

LEAP, the Marine Corps Load

Effects Assessment Program.

Discusses the marine burden,

program aims, and the LEAP

data cloud, which includes

dimensions of weight, stiffness,

and bulk. Describes the "design

light" initiative. Provides

overview of sensor integration

and hearing protection.

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2.4 Luncheon Speaker: Dr. E. S. Redden (ARL), Advanced Interfaces for

Dismounted Warfighters

Describes the ways that

displays are used. Provides

examples of advanced displays,

including multifunction displays

(MFDs). Describes displays

currently used, and lessons

learned from them.

Introduces helmet-mounted

displays, and potential

problems with them. Discusses

fused night-vision goggles,

including urban enhanced night

vision goggles (UENVG).

Discusses conformational displays, including flexible displays and tactile displays.

Introduces see-through displays, including augmented reality displays.

Notes that civilian technology offers examples to learn from and leverage. Concludes

that:

the dismounted warfighter is the most difficult customer for displays

as technology advances, today's failures may be tomorrow's successes

displays should be chosen based on mission requirements, echelon level, and

environmental considerations

human factors considerations and experimentation are critical for effective

display design

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2.5 Challenges of Soldier Protection Integration, Mr. S. Boyne

(DRDC Toronto)


challenges associated with

soldier equipment integration,

weapon integration, equipment

integration (including packs,

helmets, and other items), and

vehicle integration. Makes the

case for a modular approach to

integrating all elements of the

soldier system. Provides

example of a modular approach

to integrating protection and

sensors in the soldier helmet.

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2.6 Requirements for Enhancing Soldier Perception, Situation

Awareness and Cognition, Mr. D. Tack (Humansystems Inc.)

Explains what situation

awareness is, and why it is

important. Provides a picture of

the anticipated future

battlespace, with net-enabled

weapons, netted fires, adaptive

dispersed operation, a

dismounted role, and night

operations.

Describes the forms that

situation awareness can take,

and how situation awareness

needs can vary.

Explains why human and

system integration is important

for situation awareness

systems. Describes ways to

enhance visual, auditory, and

tactual senses. Emphasizes

that effective situation aware is

very complex.

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2.7 Soldier System Integration Challenges and Issues: An Industry

Perspective, Mr. W. Downing (Industry Rep, TSC Speech)

Provides an overview of the future

soldier. Describes challenges facing

the soldier, including rapidly changing

technologies, the need for integrated

systems, and the need to manage the

equipment lifecycle. Outlines the

needs, including integrated/modular

systems, power, information, weight

management, training, and life cycle

and supply chain management.

Proposes a development paradigm to

follow and proposed roles for industry

and the Government (Department of

National Defence).

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2.8 ICee-Wiki Update, Mrs. M. Huard (IC-DND)

Describes the Innovation,

Collaboration and Exchange

Environment (ICee), a web-

based application for capturing,

organizing and sharing

information on future

capabilities, technologies,

projects, products and other

items relevant to the Canadian

Forces Modernization Effort

used to feed the Soldier

Systems Technology

Roadmap. Outlines recent

enhancements. Makes the case

for exploring and using the ICee to stay up to date with, and contribute to, the technology

roadmap. Notes that there are currently over 400 users of the ICee-Wiki.

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Breakaway Session 1. Key Challenges for Human and Systems Integration Themes

The goal of the first breakaway session was to have workshop participants discuss their

understanding of key human and

systems integrations issues based on

the preceding presentations and on

their own areas of expertise, and to

provide oral and written feedback on

those discussions.

The breakout session addressed the

second of the four steps in the

workshop process: exploring functional

space and identifying related human

and systems integration functional and

technical challenges for internal,

physical/cognitive, and system

architecture and interoperability

(external integration).

Themes for Breakaway Session 1

To ensure that all areas of integration received attention, that participants were able to

focus on their areas of interest and expertise, and that each of the approximately twenty

tables had participants from different sectors, the participants were asked to follow a

seating plan and to focus on one of three themes that had been defined based on input

from the Human and Systems Integration Technical Sub-Committee:

1. Physical Integration on the soldier

2. Perceptual/Cognitive Integration on the soldier

3. System Architecture and Interoperability

For more detail about the scope of each theme, see Figure 3.

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Figure 3. The Human and Systems Integration Themes

Theme 1 – Physical Integration on the Soldier

Soldier system Characterization (e.g., physical environment, task analyses, user characteristics)

Soldier Burden (physiology, load and volume/bulk, biomechanics)

Usability/ergonomy

Fit/form/Anthropometry

Demographics

Compatibility/Interfaces

Display and Controls Hardware

Tools and Processes

Theme 2—Perceptual/Cognitive Integration on the Soldier

Soldier Burden (workload, information)

Situation Awareness

Soldier Interfaces to Enhance Perception and Cognition (from displays to decision-making tools on soldier computers)

Displays and Controls Software (GUI)

Tools and Processes

Usability

Decision aids

Theme 3—System Architecture & Interoperability (External Integration)

Integration/Interoperability with Other Platforms

o Vehicles

o Weapon Systems

o C4I Systems

o Autonomous Sensors (UXV)

System Architecture

o Modularity/Configurability

o Adaptability

o Scalability

o Hardware Integration/Optimization

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Seating Plan for Breakaway Session 1

Each table in the room was

labelled with one of the three

themes that had been defined,

and participants were asked to

sit at a table with the theme of

their choice.

Participants were also asked to

follow the Table Seating Rules

outlined in the slide shown here.

Instructions for Breakaway Session 1

Participants were given the following question to discuss at each table:

What are the 5 most important functional challenges related to your Human and

Systems Integration theme? What's the problem? (You can express it as a

technical challenge too.)

1. E.g., Critical parameter (e.g., Balance, bandwidth)

2. What should it be (setting the bar for 2020 & 2025)?

They were asked to record their answers on flipcharts, and to follow these rules:

Sit with people from other organizations

Fill the tables

Choose a leader and recorder

Write clearly

Focus on the questions

Ask facilitators for clarifications, if necessary

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Plenary Report Back for Breakaway Session 1

When the participants had

completed the Breakaway

Session 1 task, a report back

(plenary) session was held to

give them the opportunity to

share their results verbally with

the other workshop participants.

The slide shown here provided

guidelines for the session.

What follows, in Figure 4,

Breakout Session 1 Plenary

Report Back, is a summary of

the points made during the

report back.

Figure 4. Breakaway Session 1 Plenary Report Back

Theme 1—Physical Integration on the Soldier (4 Tables Reporting)

1. Setting standards

Setting standards is a complex process requiring coordination

Interoperability is difficult when there is a proprietary mindset

2. Complexity and uncertainty of trade-offs

Same issue, but key label is "Complexity and uncertainty of various trade-offs"

Looked at performance vs. options—there must be a "sweet zone" where you want to find yourself

Could be balancing anything from cost, to system performance, to the complexity of the system .

No self-evident road to go down—it's a multi-dimensional problem based on complex systems

The challenge is to define overall system requirements precisely, to decide on overall trade offs

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Figure 4. Breakaway Session 1 Plenary Report Back

3. Soldier burden

One of the challenges is related the procurement process

Technology is moving extremely quickly, and there is a need for a more evolutionary approach to the acquisition process

Need to ensure an acquisition cycle that fits with rapidly evolving technology

4. Encumbrance: a psychological tolerance to carrying load

Challenge is resisting homeostatis—i.e., you could do all the work you want to reduce the weight of items, but the soldier will still load himself up with more stuff

Need to encourage the soldier not to overload himself.

Theme 2—Perceptual/Cognitive Integration on the Soldier (2 Tables Reporting)

1. Don't forget the "human" in human factors

DND representatives at the table were treated as the customers, and asked what their issues are

The human must be in control of the information, because that is the nature of who we are

Anything we do moving forward should recognize we are humans, and the system must adapt to the human rather than the other way around

Looking forward, in 25 years, imagine having a laser on a rifle that enables you to laser anything in range; you push a button and you are given all necessary information about the target

2. Information overload

The real issue is that soldiers today are getting too much information, a lot of it contradictory, missing, or wrong, and they are overwhelmed by data and unable to glean the necessary information

Need complete information, but not overloaded

Situational awareness, eyes forward, moving ahead

The soldier can't choose what information is delivered

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Figure 6. Technical-Functional Challenges Identified by Workshop Participants During Breakout Session 1

Theme 1—Physical Integration

1. Improving system characterization (physical) 13. Improving socio/psychological readiness

2. Improving tools & processes (physical) 14. Enhancing/augmenting soldier perception

3. Reducing physical soldier burden (weight overload)

15. Reducing cognitive burden (information load)

4. Improving physical usability 16. Improving situation awareness/understanding

5. Improving modularity/configurability 17. Improving decision making

6. Improving fit, form, anthropometry 18. Enhancing displays/GUI

7. Improving interfaces compatibility 19. Improving human computer interaction

8. Improving body-worn equipment/sensors integration Theme 3—External Integration

9. Improving display/control hardware design 20. Improving integration with weapons

Theme 2—Psychological/Cognitive Integration 21. Improving integration with C4I systems

10. Improving system characterization (psychological) 22. Improving integration with combat vehicles

11. Improving tools & processes (psychological) 23. Improving integration with autonomous vehicle/sensors

12. Reducing the effects of stressors 24. Enabling future capability growth

Detailed Results of Breakaway Session 1

Following the breakaway session, the flipcharts on which participants had written their

responses were collected and compiled. The results are provided in Appendix C,

Breakaway Session 1 Participant Input: Key Challenges by Theme.

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Homework Instructions

After Breakaway Session 1, before ending the first day of the workshop, participants

were given a homework assignment that would get them started working on potential

solutions to the challenges previously identified. That involved:

1. Getting 3 stickies from the facilitators.

2. Picking 3 of the challenges already discussed.

3. Filling in the blanks on the stickies to describe proposed solution, development

timeframe, related technologies, technology readiness level (TRL), and key

players in the area.

4. Bringing the stickies to Day 2 of the workshop.

Figure 5. Example of Technology Roadmap Brainstorming Sticky

To help participants fill in their 3 stickies, they were given this example of a completed sticky.

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3. Exploring Solution Space: Enabling Technologies, Processes and Tools

This chapter describes the "stickies on the wall" exercise, which was conducted at the

start of the second day of the workshop. It also provides abstracts of the presentations

preceding the second breakaway session, and describes Breakaway Session 2: The

Technical Challenges

Stickies on the Wall Exercise

Between the first and second day of the workshop, the SSTRM team identified a list of

technical-functional challenges based on participant input during the first day.

Before the start of

the second day,

staff constructed a

grid on two walls of

the meeting room

(as shown here),

with the challenges

listed across the top,

grouped by the three integration themes of physical, psychological/cognitive, and system

architecture and interoperability.

At the start of the second day, and during the first coffee break, workshop participants

copied the stickies they had filled in as homework, and posted them on the grid to be

used during the second breakaway session described later in this chapter.

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3.1 Challenges and Tools for Effective Soldier System Integration,

Mrs. L. Bossi (DRDC Toronto)

Describes the Human-System

Integration (HSI) process.

Outlines a process for ensuring

that HSI is considered in soldier

systems. Describes the Army

Combat Clothing and

Equipment Survey System

(ACCESS) and the 1997 Land

Forces Anthropometric Survey.

Introduces BoSS XXI Body

Scanning system, explains how

it works, and compares results

with the 1997 survey.

Outlines the way ahead,

including challenges associated

with clothed anthro for

workspace modelling and other

anthropometry challenges,

such as workspace modeling

and analysis, an Advanced

Personal Load Carriage

System (APLCS),

biomechanical modeling tools,

an integrated performance

modelling environment, virtual

reality tools. Describes the key

challenge as developing a

measurement of effective soldier system integration. Discussed "A Soldier's Day Multi-

media Database," designed to inform all stakeholders in R&D, materiel development,

acquisition and life cycle management about the actual Canadian soldier system.

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3.2. The Role of Biomechanics in Effective Soldier System Integration, Dr.

J. Stevenson (Queen's University)

Defines and explains the

importance of biomechanics for

the soldier system. Describes

tools for measuring

biomechanics, including direct

and indirect internal forces,

effects at the human-object

interface, motion, line of sight,

and sound. Explains

ergonomics. Describes using

the military or Caesar (Civilian

American and European

Anthropometric Resource)

database to aid in design.

Discusses soldier system integration. Describes the ERG mission, objectives and

process.

3.3 Virtual Simulations for Soldiers: Concepts and Applications,

Dr. F. Bernier (DRDC Valcartier)

Defines immersive virtual

simulation. Describes the

Virtual Immersion Laboratory

(VIL), and the Gaming and

Emerging Technology

Laboratory (GETL). Outlines

DRDC defence and security

activities. Describes

approaches to creating a

Stressful Virtual Environment

(SVE). Provides the example of

medic training in a combat

environment.

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3.4 Decision Aids for Soldiers, Dr. D. Bryant and Dr. J. Hollands (DRDC

Toronto)

Defines combat identity (CID).

Explains decision support

concepts. Outlines IMMERSIVE

(Instrumented Military Modeling

Engine for Research using

Simulation and Virtual

Environments). Describes

immersive bots (robotic

compute controlled entities),

simulated rifle-mounted IFF.

Discusses testing done, and

resulting hit rates and false

alarm rates. Describes current

BFT (Blue Force Tracking)

systems and studies.

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3.5 Soldier-Vehicle Integration: A TTCP Approach, Dr. M. Ducharme

(DRDC Valcartier)

Provides an overview of TTCP

(The Technical Cooperation

Program) Land TP-2.

Discusses land-systems

integration, and the system-of-

systems approach. Describes

the vehicle integration study,

focusing on the integrated

soldier and vehicle protection,

and the networked soldier and

vehicle integration. Describes

the Land Systems Integration

Laboratory (SIL), and the TP-2

vision in development. The 3

TTCP reports will be posted on the ICee too whenever the final versions are completed.

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Breakaway Session 2. System Optimization: Solutions, Enabling Technologies, Processes and Tools

The second breakaway

session addressed the third

part of the four-step workshop

process: exploring the solution

space and identifying potential

solutions/technologies for

system optimization.

The goal of the session was to

brainstorm solutions and their

related technologies (S&T) for

an overall system

optimization. For the session,

participants were asked to

change the lens through which

overall soldier system capability optimization was viewed—that is, to shift the

perspective from the vertical orientation to a horizontal view that integrated solutions

across silos (figure 7).

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Figure 7. The Shift to a Horizontal View of Capability Optimization


The workshop participants were given the following instructions :

1. Review the challenge list (distributed on each table) (5 minutes)

(See Figure 8).

2. Share your proposed solutions (homework stickies) (15 to 20 minutes).

3. Identify 3 to 5 new potential horizontal solutions and related technologies.

4. Summarize your answers on the table provided

(See Figure 9).

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Figure 8. The Challenge List for Step 1 of Breakaway Session 2

Figure 9. The Table for Step 4 of Breakaway Session 2

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Plenary Report Back for Breakaway Session 2


completed the Breakaway

Session 2 task, a plenary

session was held to give them

an opportunity to share their

results verbally with the other

workshop participants. The

slide shown here provided

guidelines for the session.

What follows, in Figure 10, is a

summary of the points made

during the report back and

later collected from each table

of participants.

Figure 10. Breakaway Session 2 Plenary Report Back—Potential Solutions and Related Enabling Technologies

Table 1

1. Wearable power.

Use of newer technologies to allow recharge at the platoon level

Technical/functional challenges 8, 2, 5

2. Device proliferation

How to militarize existing integrated consumer applications

Technology challenges 3, 5, 16

3. Difficulty of gathering and applying field feedback.

Need to get immediate small groups of soldiers returning from deployment, specifically infantry, engineers, medics, armoured and gunners

Technology challenges 20, 21, and 22

Table 2

1. Reducing burden.

Need to save weight and integrate with fibre optical and other textile technology

Technology challenges 3, 6, and 11

2. Sensor Integration

Need standards for defining standards and minimum interoperability requirements

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Table 3

1. Improving body worn sensors integration

Technology challenge 8

The backbone of the system will have to be a "smart skin" that will provide a physical backbone for connectivity

2. Reducing the effects of stressors


The skin will have to provide environmental controls (e.g., for heat and cold)

3. Improving integration with C4I Systems


The skin must be wired to a PAN (Personal Area Network)

Table 4

1. Improve modularity/configurability

The vest becomes a modular system on which the soldier can connect components

The weapon is also modular, and components can connect to it

2. Improve interface compatibility

This becomes a mission-specific issue

Software should use all available information and provide details for each soldier and soldier group as to what they need for the mission

The vest and weapons must be modular enough to attach what they need for the mission

Table 5

1. Need a mandated requirement for Human/Systems integration program

Best way to address all integration needs

HSI must be mandated as a key component of all projects—cuts across all processes and programs

It was done in the States, and can be done here

2. Multiple functional and technical challenges (physical)

Cut across many challenges on the physical interface, sensor integration and C4I integration

Key is to use multi-functional materials and devices

3. Multiple functional and technical challenges (optimized Human/Machine interface)

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Need a common, tailored, optimized soldier system human/machine interface

Would enable cutting across an enormous number of challenges

Table 6

1. Improving integration with everything

Challenges 20-23--Define an integration process and project management process that gets applied to all design problems—an integration process

Integration with weapons, C4I, vehicles, sensors, and so on—a system of systems

Integrating a text bed that includes actual soldiers in the testing

From a physiological and psychological perspective, the soldier is not going to change noticeable over the next 100 years

Define those boundaries, which are independent of technology, as the start point for integration

2. Integrating HSI into the acquisition process

Need to legislate human systems integration into the acquisition process

DRDC taking the lead to develop a Human/Systems Integration lab where industry can come to get info and try out solutions with real soldiers

Table 7

Smart textiles

Regroup as much as possible to think in terms of system of systems

Breathable textiles; drug-dispensing textiles; self-cleaning textiles; conductive fibres; energy-harvesting textiles; harvesting water textiles

For C4I—smart visors

Table 8

Battle space situational awareness

Looked at challenges 7, 16, and 21, with a few others thrown in

Focus was on battle space, and situational awareness between the top and front line

Ability to use comms type system with filtering capability dealing with audio, text, symbols

Table 9

1. Displays

Challenges 4, 5 and 7: improving physical usability, modularity, configurability and system compatibility—all intertwined

Looked at displays, and having only one display per soldier

2. User Interfaces

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Need to focus on user interfaces and basing them on background knowledge of how commercial companies use them.

Must be high-impact—don't need all small improvements, must be important

Table 10

1. Improving interface capability

Important to be able to connect all components of system with common power source

Need unlimited connectivity

Hope military will continue to describe needs

Need to focus on connectors and standard for small, light-weight connectors

2. Reducing physical burden

Smart textiles in garments

Integration of systems

3. Improving fit/form and anthropometry

SkeletBone skin that does not lose user capabilities

Table 11

Sensor integration

Need to enable modularity—to make equipment from different suppliers available

Need an industry/government standards ecosystem that would be responsible for defining standards and minimum requirements

Need to modify the procurement process –go through the process, select a short list of vendors who come close, and then choose a supplier

Related to the procurement process, need to look at a minimum threshold and some kind of point system beyond that

Detailed Results of Breakaway Session 2

Following the breakaway session, the stickies and the completed tables were collected

and compiled. The results are provided in Appendix D, Breakaway Session 2 Participant

Input: System Optimization. Enabling Technologies, Processes and Tools.

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4. Exploring R&D Space: Focus Areas and Potential Collaborations

This chapter provides abstracts of the luncheon presentation and ICee contest winner

presentations that preceded the third breakaway session. It also describes Breakaway

Session 3: Focus Areas and Collaborations.

Luncheon Speaker

4.1 Luncheon Speaker: Overview of the Strategic Aerospace and

Defence Industrial Program (SADI), Mr. M. A. Blais (IC-ITO)


Strategic Aerospace and

Defence Initiative (SADI), which

was launched in April 2007 as a

replacement for Technology

Partnerships Canada (TPC).

Describes SADI objectives,

eligibility requirements, proposal

assessment criteria, benefits

monitoring, and repayment

plans. Provides contact

information.

Industrial Technology Office - Overview

3

SADI Objectives

Encourage strategic R&D that will result in innovation and

excellence in new products and services;

Enhance the competitiveness of Canadian aerospace, defence,

space and security companies; and,

Foster collaboration between research institutes, universities,

colleges, and the private sector.

Industrial Technology Office - Overview

3

SADI Objectives

Encourage strategic R&D that will result in innovation and

excellence in new products and services;

Enhance the competitiveness of Canadian aerospace, defence,

space and security companies; and,

Foster collaboration between research institutes, universities,

colleges, and the private sector.

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ICee Contest Winner Presentation Abstracts

Following are abstracts of presentations made by workshop participants who won the

ICee contest associated with the Soldier Systems and Human Integration workshop.

These participants, or their organizations, posted relevant information on the ICee, were

entered in a draw as a results, and won the opportunity to present at the workshop.

4.2 Infantryman Communication Interface (ICI), Mr. A. Poirier,

Rheinmetall Defence

Describes the need for tailored

C4I solutions with a minimal set

of features to address specific

soldier missions. Outlines

design constraints. Proposes a

solution: the Soldier

Communication Interface (ICI),

which acts as an intelligent link

between the customer GPS and

radio to provide improved

soldier capabilities.

Describes the radio interface,

solution GPS interface, power

considerations, and system

integration and human factor considerations.

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4.3 Software Solutions for NVG ENVG Integration, Mr. G. Martin,

Robotics and Computer Vision System Integration

Points out that no automation

system is more accurate than

its instrument. Describes

problems associated with image

fusion and night vision. Explains

the high-accuracy camera

calibration, software image

correction, and sub-pixel edge

analysis solution offered by

Robotics and Computer Vision

System Integration. Describes

calibration performance criteria,

and presents calibration results.

4.4 Human Performance Centered Engineering, Mr. J. Johnson,

SantosHuman

Describes the synthetic

environment created by

SantosHuman using soldier-

centered engineering. Explains

the human digital modeling

used to build a unique virtual

human, and the advantages of

using the virtual human in a

variety of testing situations.

Describes VTOS, the Virtual

Try-Out Space, its applications

and advantages for developing

a range of predictive

capabilities to help improve

human performance, provide crew safety, and evaluate designs.

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4.5 Knee Stress Release Device (K-SRD™), Mr. M. Rittenhouse,

B-TEMIA

Provides a corporate overview

of B-TEMIA. Describes the

issue of overload bearing, and

the cost in terms of injury,

reduced operational efficiency,

and therapy and rehabilitation.

Introduces the knee stress

release device design to

provide active support to the

lower extremities, assists in gait

activities, and provides

additional power to the knee.

Describes performance

evaluation of the proof-of-

concept prototype, including video of outdoor trials.

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Breakaway Session 3: R&D Focus Areas and Potential Collaborations

The third breakaway session

addressed the final stage in the

workshop process: exploring the

Research and Development space

and identifying R&D focus areas and

potential collaborations.

It's goal was to have participants

identify enabling technologies having

the potential to address the

challenges presented earlier,

describe the necessary R&D efforts

and identify the key players in the

domain.


The workshop participants were given the following objective and instructions:

1. Select 2 or 3 most enabling technologies (S&T)

(right column on your summary sheet from session 2)

2. Explain briefly why you chose them

3. Describe the R&D efforts that should be pursued for each enabling

technology

4. Identify collaborators that could be involved in these R&D efforts

They were provided with output forms on which to organize their results for the

breakaway session (See Figure 11. Sample Breakaway Session 3 Output Form.)

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Figure 11. Sample Breakaway Session 3 Output Form

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Plenary Report Back from Breakaway Session 3


completed the Breakaway Session 3

task, a plenary session was held to

give them an opportunity to share

their results verbally with the other

workshop participants. The slide

shown here provided guidelines for

the session, which consisted of

describing the R&D areas of focus

and the collaborators identified.

Results of Breakaway

Session 3

The following tables describe horizontal, cross-cutting R&D efforts that participants at

the workshop suggested would contribute to human/system integration for the soldier.

Each of the following R&D focus area section includes:

A description of the R & D Area

The relevant R&D requirements

Potential collaborators/experts in the domain that were identified

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R&D Focus Area 1. Smart Clothing/Uniform

Description System connectivity/intelligent textiles/conformal connectors/"intelligent skin" project

Tables 21, 23, 18

Relevant R&D

Ergonomics, "thermo mechanical, physiological properties"

System architecture, technical specifications

Integration with fabric, nanotechnologies, textile technologies

Methods of transferring signal, data/interface/open architecture/local TCPIP/"nervous systems"

Adaptable connector and physical interface

Advanced fibre optics for personal networks

Self-sensing data/bus type and data format

Flexible transport implementation

location of connectors/wires

Potential Collaborators

Fabric

Foster Miller

Intelligent Textiles

Lincoln Textiles

CTT Group

Corcan Textiles

Design (soft goods)

Pacific Safety Products

Mustang Survival

Allen Vanguard

Power supply/integrators/electronics

Rockwell Collins International

Rheinmetall

Intel

AMD

NRC

Canadian Space Agency

Vetra Electronics

Teraxion

TR Labs

Wiring and connectors

Tyco

Precision Interconnectors

Raytheon

Glenair

Physical Optics Corporation

Human factors, HSI:

HUMANsystems,

Shumac

NRC

Universities: Queens, Alberta, Carleton

University of Alberta

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R&D Focus Area 2. Improved Situation Awareness

Description Information management and distribution for improved situational awareness

Tables 22

Relevant R&D

Bandwidth management using PRR's

Prioritizing, categorizing information

Dynamic communications system


Communications Research Centre

Communications Security Establishment

General Dynamics

Raytheon

HUMANsystems Inc.

Rheinmetall

Northrop Grumman Mission Systems Europe

Shumac

LTi Software and Engineering

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R&D Focus Area 3. Smart Vest Concept

Description A modular vest with a better interface.

Tables 19

Relevant R&D

Mechanical joints between rigid and flexible support (cloth)

Adding sensors, radios, computers, displays, input devices, etc. into vest

Centralized power sources/batteries


Human Factors

HUMANsystems Inc.

Protective materials, fabrics

Pacific Safety Products Ltd.

Lincoln Fabrics

NRC - IAR, materials and analysis

Intelligent Textiles

Corcan textiles

Allen Vanguard

Devices/integrators/battery companies

Raytheon

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R&D Focus Area 4. Multifunctional materials

Description Materials that can perform a range of functions (e.g., power conduction, communications, temperature control

Tables 6

Relevant R&D

"Disciplines to mash-up"

Smart fabrics

Low temperature semiconductor deposition

Nanotechnology

Ballistic materials science


Intelligent Textiles Ltd

IPE Stuttgart

MIT

Carleton University

NRC - IAR & IMI

BAE Systems

Allen Vanguard

Armorworks Inc.

Pacific Safety Products

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R&D Focus Area 5. A common, cross-platform, human/machine interface

Description A common, cross-platform, human/machine interface

Tables 6, 3

Relevant R&D

Cognitive human factors - HMI design

Display technology

Displays for all tasks and environments

Gaming engineers

Defence system integrators


Universities: Waterloo, Toronto, Carleton

Therefore Design

Kent Displays

Liteye Systems

Philips

EA Games

Nintendo

Advanced Human Factors Inc.

HUMANsystems Inc.

Rheinmetall

Raytheon

Corcan Textiles

Vetronics (General Dynamics)

WAMCO ?

ASU

Apple

Dell

Sony Panasonic

Sharp

Hunting gear designers

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R&D Focus Area 6. Anthropometric data collection

Description Anthropometric data collection capability—CAD tool

Tables 3

Relevant R&D

Blue screen technology

Automation of 3D CAD models (data capture and store)

Defining "proper sample"

Development of more detailed and capable models - feet vs. hands vs. head

Biometrics - full range - behavioural task analysis


Human Santos

Universities: Queen's, Toronto

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R&D Focus Area 7. Virtual simulators

Description Virtual simulators

Tables

Relevant R&D

Ability to link up multiple people with the same scenario


Canadian Electronic Consortium

Film and special effects industry

Communications Research Centre

Gaming industry

Digital media companies

Carleton University HotLab

Tyco Electronics

LTi Software and Engineering

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R&D Focus Area 8. Exoskeleton

Description Exoskeleton

Tables

Relevant R&D

Resolve power portability - power to exceed 72 hours


NRC Energy Lab

Ballard Power

Rockwell Collins

Ultralife

Lockheed Martin

B-Temia

Universities: Queen's, Simon Fraser

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R&D Focus Area 9. A business ecosystem

Description A business ecosystem to create standards and enable integration and interoperability. Integrate Human/Systems Integration into system engineering processes.

Tables 16, 20

Relevant R&D

Define and integration process

Create/identify key standards in areas by program/by nation

Develop/establish standing evaluation groups

ID and enable selection tools

Develop neutral standards body (IEEE-like)


Universities: Queen's, Waterloo, Carleton , universities known for systems engineering - HSI/HFE/applied psychology

Create a "Soldier Systems Integration Centre

Rowanwood

International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE)

NRC

NSERC

Industry members with strong HSI capabilities, such as automotive and electronic gaming

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5. Soldier Systems TRM Next Steps

This chapter provides an abstract of the closing presentation by LCol. Bodner, describes

how the roadmap will be developed further with a Capstone Report and Action Plan, and

outlines ongoing roadmap activities on the ICee database and wiki

SSTRM Next Steps and Workshop Closure, LCol. M.A. Bodner (DRDC)

Reviews the objectives and

outcomes of the current

development phase of the

Soldier Systems TRM.

Describes overall TRM phases.

Discusses the objectives of the

upcoming implementation

phase, its approach and

governance. Introduces the

Soldier Systems Technology

Hub, which will be at the core

of the implementation phase,

and the hub participants.

Outlines the ways in which the upcoming Capstone Report and Action Plan will be used

to guide the next phase. The functions of the proposed Soldier systems Center are

described.

Outlines potential funding programs that might assist future R&D projects. Provides an

example of how the SSTRM findings can be applied to solving soldier requirements.

Show coherence of TRM process to DRDC's four interrelated roles. Describes short and

long-term measures of success for the SSTRM. Outlines remaining Development Phase

activities. Reiterates soldier systems challenges, and encourages workshop participants

to stay engaged in the TRM process.

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Developing the Roadmap

The content of the workshop, the briefings and input from the Human and Systems

Integration Technical Steering Committee and the SSTRM Project Management Office,

will be used to write a Soldier Systems TRM Capstone Report and Action Plan.

Sharing Knowledge with the ICee Database and Wiki

Knowledge will continue to be shared using the Soldier Systems TRM Innovation,

Collaboration and Exchange Environment (ICee), which provides an online database

and Wiki that can be used to collaborate with others who are interested in soldier

systems. This password-protected tool includes sections for communicating restricted,

sensitive information meant for a selected audience.

The ICee is open to all who wish to participate in the Soldier Systems Technology

Roadmap. Participants can contribute to both the database and the Wiki. For more

information about the ICee tool visit

http://www.soldiersystems-systemesdusoldat.collaboration.gc.ca


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A. Workshop Agenda

Soldier Human and Systems Integration Workshop

Tuesday, September 21

7h30 – 8h00 Registration - Continental breakfast

8h00 – 8h10 Welcome and Opening Remarks, Mr. T. Elliot, DG IC, Dr. D. Reding, DG DRDC Toronto and Mr. L. Garland (TFC CO-CHAIR)

8h10 – 8h20 Workshop Program and TRM Background, Mr. G. Nimmo (IC)

8h20 – 8h30 Workshop Process, Mr. P. Carr (StrategicReviewGroup.ca)

8h30 – 8h40 Soldier Systems TRM Update, LCol. M.A. Bodner (DRDC)

8h40 – 8h50 Future Soldier System Capability Areas, H&SI Requirements and Challenges—Part 1 Maj. J. Herbert (DLR5-6)

8h50 – 09h50 Outdoor Demo of Soldier Equipment/Usage

09h50 – 10h00 Future Soldier System Capability Areas, H&SI Requirements and Challenges—Part 2 Maj. Bruce Gilchrist (DBRT 5-5)

10h00 – 10h30 Coffee Break (ICee Registration & Networking)

10h30 – 11h00 Demo Debrief (Plenary), Mr. P. Carr

11h00 – 11h20 Introduction to Themes and Physical Ergonomics and Integration Challenges, Mrs. L. Bossi (DRDC Toronto)

11h20 – 11h40 Soldier Equipment/Vehicle/Communications Integration Requirements, Mr. M. A. Rochon (DSSPM-10-4-4)

11h40 – 12h00 USMC Approach to Soldier Burden, Mr. D. Tack (HSI Inc. Rep. USMCMERS Project)

12h00 – 13h30 Lunch (no host) – ICee Individual Training and Registration

13h00 – 13h30 Guest Speaker: Dr. Elizabeth S. Redden (ARL), Advanced Interfaces for Dismounted Warfighters

17h00 – 18h00 ICee Registration/Individual Training Sessions

17h00 – 18h00 Cash Bar Reception - Networking

13h30 – 13h50 Challenges of Soldier Protection Integration, Mr. S. Boyne (DRDC Toronto)

13h50 – 14h10 Requirements for Enhancing Soldier Perception, Situation Awareness and Cognition, Mr. D. Tack (HSI Inc.)

14h10 – 14h30 Soldier System Integration Challenges and Issues: An Industry Perspective, Mr.W. Downing, (Industry Rep TSC speech)

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14h30 – 14h40 Breakaway Session (1) Instructions, Mr. P. Carr

14h40 – 15h00 Coffee Break

15h00 – 16h00 Breakaway (1): Key Challenges for Each Theme (roundtable)

16h00 – 16h40 Report Back, Mr. P. Carr

16h40 – 16h45 Sticky Homework Instructions, Mr. P. Carr

16h45 – 17h00 ICee-Wiki Update, Mrs. M. Huard (IC-DND)

Wednesday, September 22

7h30 – 8h00 Registration - Continental breakfast

8h00 – 8h05 Program of Day 2,Mr. G. Nimmo (IC)

8h05 – 8h25 Challenges and Tools for Effective Soldier System Integration, Mrs. L. Bossi (DRDC Toronto)

8h25 – 8h45 The Role of Biomechanics in Effective Soldier System Integration, Dr. J. Stevenson (Queens University)

8h45 – 9h05 Virtual Simulations for Soldiers : Concepts and Applications, Dr. F. Bernier (DRDC Valcartier)

9h05 – 9h25 Decision Aids for Soldiers, Dr. D. Bryant and Dr. J. Hollands (DRDC Toronto)

9h25 – 9h45 Soldier - Vehicle Integration: A TTCP Approach, Dr. M. Ducharme (DRDC Valcartier)

9h45 – 10h15 Coffee Break


10h25 – 11h25 Breakaway (2): System Optimization: Solutions, Enabling Technologies, Processes and Tools

11h25 – 12h15 Report Back, M. P. Carr

12h15 – 13h30 Lunch (no host) Guest speaker: Mr. M.A. Blais (IC-ITO), Overview of the Strategic Aerospace and Defence Industrial Program (SADI)

13h30 – 14h30 ICee Contest Session, G. Nimmo (4 Industry/Academia Briefings)


14h40 – 15h50 Breakaway (3): R&D Focus Areas & Potential Collaborations

15h00 – 15h30 Coffee Available

15h50 – 16h20 Report Back, Mr. P. Carr

16h20 – 16h30 SSTRM Next Steps and Workshop Closure, LCol. M.A. Bodner (DRDC)

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B. List of Participants

Last Name First Name Title Company

1 Beaudoin R. (Bob) Vanguard Magazine

2 Boone Paul Combat Networks

3 Brusin Brankica Senior Investment

Analyst, ITO

IC

4 Campbell Ross Industry Canada

5 Cao Linli BM Technology Inc

6 Cochran Bruce Textile Technology consultant

7 Compton David Colt Canada

8 Cote Denis NRC

9 Culligan Iain Esterline | CMC Electronics

10 Darling Marie Rockwell Collins

11 Dec Albert BAE Systems

12 Della Vedova Ron Fellfab Inc.

13 Desbiens André Université Laval

14 Detombe John ADGA Group

15 Dolez Patricia Chercheure Ecole de Technologie Supérieure

16 Dontigny Sherrie Pacific Safety Products Inc.

17 Duheme Yvon Monterey Textiles 1996 Inc

18 Dyck Walter DND

19 Eastaugh Graham NRC

20 El Tassi Albert Director of Peerless

Garments LP

Peerless Garments LP

21 Espenant Mark DRDC

22 Farsi Fred Pikala Systems

23 Fiset Robert Levitt Safety Ltd

24 Frim John DND

25 Gagnon Michel Acolam inc

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26 Galasso Robert S. Prospice Consulting

27 Gaumond Claude Groupe medical gaumond

28 Goldenberg Andrew Engineering Services Inc. (ESI)

29 Goss Ben BAE Systems

30 Gregg Stewart Phirelight E Business Solutions

31 Hart Ken Industry Canada

32 Hatashita Kris DND

33 Hayes Kevin NRC

34 Haynes Justin W.L. Gore and Associates

35 Hofford Suzanne Martintek USA

36 Hosein Charlene Director,

Professional

Services Group

Phirelight E-Business Solutions Inc.

37 Hulme Andrew Principal Consultant Hulme Consulting

38 Intwala Zarina DND

39 Jain Rajesh DND

40 Kan Adir Elbit Systems

41 Key Brent Combat Networks

42 King Philippa Ontario Centres of Excellence

43 Kirkpatrick Doug Phirelight E Business Solutions

44 Ko Frank University of British Colombia

45 Kondratova Irena NRC

46 Labbe Paul DRDC

47 Lacasse Pierre B-TEMIA Inc.

48 Lefebvre Vivier DRDC

49 Lopez Damian Thales Systems Canada

50 Lundahl Sonny AMITA Corporation

51 Mack Charles Department of National Defence

52 Maclean Iain Difco Performance Fabrics Inc

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53 Manuel Christopher Sierra Nevada Corporation

54 Masse Marc DRS Technologies

55 Matthews Rob L-3 Electronic Systems

56 McKoy Rocky Cantec Systems

57 McNiven Nancy DFAIT

58 Meloche John DRDC

59 Minduik Andrew NORLEANS Technologies Inc

60 Minduik Fred NORLEANS Technologies Inc

61 Mitchell Lyndon NRC

62 Mlynarek Jacek Groupe CTT

63 Mohan Dave Directorate Technical Airworthiness and

Engineering Support

64 Nammour Georges DND

65 Nussbaum Doron Carleton University

66 O'Neill Laurence General Dynamics Canada

67 Parolin T.E.(Ernie) DND

68 Pawliw Carmen KERMEL

69 Playfoot Bruce Agile Manufacturing

70 Quinlan Kevin Apption Corporation

71 Rancourt Etienne Canada Economic Development for the

Quebec Regions

72 Regush Murray DND

73 Reilly Tara DGPFSS

74 Sayeur Mathieu DND

75 Shewchenko Nicholas Biokinetics and Associates Ltd

76 Smith Fern DND

77 Srinivas Vijay SRCTec, Inc

78 Stroup Adam US Army RDECOM International

Technology Center

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79 Tchagang Alain NRC

80 Tchaplia Ilya ITS Electronics

81 Trask Brett MDA

82 Tremblay Roger DND

83 Valeri Hon. Tony Special Advisor,

Research

Partnerships &

Internationalization

McMaster University

84 Van Den

Hoeven

Arnold NGRAIN - Vancouver

85 Van Ham Claude L-3 Electronic Systems

86 Vandeweerd Helena Tulmar Safety Systems INC

87 Webb James NRC

88 Webster Bill C4N Divn - Sierra Nevada Corporation

89 Wheat-Bain Becky General Dynamics Canada

90 Winship John GENTEX

91 Zavarella Jordan First UPS

92 Zhang Chris University of Saskatchewan

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C. Breakaway Session 1 Participant Input: Key Challenges by Theme

This appendix contains the detailed participant input from Breakaway Session 1,

described in Chapter 1 Exploring Operational Space: Challenges, Deficiencies, and

Priorities, including:

1. Flipchart content from the workshop participants

2. Stickies content from the workshop participants

The input themes and challenges are:


1. Improving system characterization (physical) 13. Improving socio/psychological readiness

2. Improving tools & processes (physical) 14. Enhancing/augmenting soldier perception



4. Improving physical usability 16. Improving situation awareness/understanding

5. Improving modularity/configurability 17. Improving decision making

6. Improving fit, form, anthropometry 18. Enhancing displays/GUI

7. Improving interfaces compatibility 19. Improving human computer interaction

8. Improving body-worn equipment/sensors integration Theme 3—External Integration

9. Improving display/control hardware design 20. Improving integration with weapons

Theme 2—Psychological/Cognitive Integration 21. Improving integration with C4I systems

10. Improving system characterization (psychological) 22. Improving integration with combat vehicles

11. Improving tools & processes (psychological) 23. Improving integration with autonomous vehicle/sensors

12. Reducing the effects of stressors 24. Enabling future capability growth

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1. Flipchart Content from Workshop Participants

What follows is a compilation of the contents of the workshop participants' flipcharts from

Breakaway Session 1, organized by table. Due to the consolidation of many tables into

fewer tables before Breakaway Session 1, the table numbers are not sequential from 1-

20.

Flipchart Content from Workshop Participants (Breakaway Session 1)

Table 3, Theme 1—Physical Integration

Issue Problems Solution

Soldier Burden and Fit Varying Soldier Sizes

Capacity to carry

Equipment does not ―scale‖

Each soldier trade/duty maintains different requirements

Proper metrics (i.e. when is equipment ‗on‘)

Procurement cycle is not ―flexible‖ (i.e. now vs. tomorrow is obsolete)

In-theatre supply and support

Mission ―fit‖ of personnel

Vehicles can accommodate person for mission(s)

Commercial-off-the-shelf solutions

Better requirement(s) definition (for ex: technology insertion, gating delivery, interactive capability enhancement)

R&D partnership incentives for industry/PWGSC/end-users

Evolutionary procurement process (i.e. user trials to be conducted in system development) to save money

Exploit tools which we already have (for ex: anthro of ‗naked‘ body vs. person with different types of army kit on

Access to timely and recent intelligence/feedback from users

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Table 6, Theme 2—Psychological/Cognitive Integration


Weight Burden (weight, inertia, balance)

Orders of magnitude are too high

Reduced mobility

Reduces operational effectiveness

Psychological tolerance to carry (homeostasis)

50% weight reduction (2020)

32% weight reduction (2025)

Improved balance by 50% (2020)

Improved inertia by 50% (2020)

Thermal Burden (retained heat, ventilation, hydration/ core temperature/skin temperature)

Physiologically limiting for performance and safety

Psychological effects (i.e. decrease in perception, cognition, focussing)

Increased need to carry water weight

Improve thermal management by passive means (2025)

Improved thermal management by active means (2020)

Encumbrance Burden (Rom measures, accessibility time, task completion time, total soldier system bulk/volume)

Decreased mobility and range of motion

Decreased accessibility to pockets, areas of the body, pouches

Increased energy used for motion(s)

Inelastic to human motion

Increased dependence on others

Increased soldier bulk

Increased Range of Motion by 50% (2020)

Decreased bulk / volume by 50% (2020)

Increased Range of Motion by 75% (2025)

Decreased bulk / volume by 75% (2025)

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Table 7, Theme 3—External Integration


Human Systems Integration in DND acquisition and system engineering

Lack of expertise

No legislated mandate

DRDC expertise by insufficient capacity

Human Systems Integration targets in Canada

ADM MAT Human System Integration section (2020)

Consortia of Human System Integration contracts available) (2020)

Canadian military standard 1472 (2020)

DRDC developed tools (2020)

Government legislation to implement change in DND acquisition practices (2025)

Adaptability of system architecture

Acquisition process is slow

Requirements change / evolve

Technology evolves / changes quickly

Customer thinks they always know what they want

Requirement for legacy compatibility

Open architecture (hardware and software) (2020)

Spiral development (2020)

Give financial incentives to industry (2020)

Exploit CAPDEM – evolving requirements capturing system (2020)

Systems of systems architecture

Vehicle integration We do not know the anthropometry / clothes of current soldier population

Vehicle and soldier equipment procured separately

Vehicle – Commercial-off-the-shelf (limited design influence)

Politically – one cannot select soldiers based on size

Extra blast protection

Increased fit

Advancement in electronic and communications systems

Power charging capabilities

Maintaining SA with inside

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Clothing Weight; not garments themselves but add-ons are the problem

Fire retardant

Longevity / replacement levels / cleaning of material

Look outside the box for new and meaningful ways to bring about improvements

Self-cleaning and long lasting fabrics

Cooling / Heating wearable fabrics for extreme weather

Garment recharge batteries, health monitors, camouflage

Technology to negate heat signatures

Passive / Active identity in garments (i.e. determining friend vs. foe)

Self assembling personal protective equipment

Built-in protection garments (i.e. Velcro adjustments) that allow replacement as well.

Fabric intended for multi-task use and provides more than basic cover (2020)(2025)

Personal Protective Equipment ‗Rat‘ and not ‗Panda‘ (i.e. generic and multi-use not the hope for a ‗perfect‘ tool for a single job)

Compressibility

N/A N/A N/A

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Table 10, Theme 3—External Integration


System architecture and integration : Integration with processes – Targets and Procurement

Users need to understand design features and design trade off decisions

Percieved equipment performance

Understand equipment limitation during procurement to feed training

Return of lesions learned into training and procurement processes including long term impacts

Make equipment performance limitations more obvious – less training

Earlier and better integration of training and acquisition processes

Qualitative data for commanders to make better trade-off decisions.

Systems architecture The degree of modifications/ configuration/ adaptability will remain limited / sub-optimal until such time as there is a basic infrastructure/backbone on the soldier

Common power and database interface standards

N/A N/A N/A

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Tools and processes Too many choices

Trade-offs exist and a need to prioritize (risks, cost, safety, usability, complexity)

Client needs to understand decision processes/rationale

Entrench Human Factors design standards in acquisition process (i.e. embed Human Factors experts to work with industry in the creation of SOR)

Develop Human Factors tools, models surveys, decision aids, best practices, lessons learned.

Personal weapons Integration of sensors (e.g. laser / flash) with reduced weight

Added weight equates to a change in range of motion

Added weight raises fatigue and decreases accuracy

Handedness

Eye relief

Laser collimation

Accidental ejection of magazine

Personal Protective Equipment and its effect on reach

Cold weather and need for added padding/warmth needed on/for hands

Potential issues of changing one area while creating a new problem in another

Understand human performance and design guidelines

Minimize change in mass through integration

Adjustable

N/A N/A N/A

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Table 18, Theme 2—Psychological/Cognitive Integration


Device and displays Need for greater human consideration in Human Factors

Providing the right information at the right time

More studies needed to define the information at the right time

Soldier should receive ‗formatted/filtered‘ data

Information must be available to the soldier when he/she requires it (2015)

N/A N/A N/A

N/A N/A N/A



Tools and processes used in acquisitions

Lack of standards / specifications

Lack of collaboration

Poor specifications

Collaboration between DND / PSGSC / Industry

Follow TRM process

Retool the procurement process with DND

Overall CADSI engagement with DND / PWGSC

N/A N/A N/A

N/A N/A N/A

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2. Stickies Content from Workshop Participants


1. Improving system characterization (physical)

Technical Challenge Solution description Related Technologies Time

Frame TRL (1-9) Key Players

Requirements maturation Actual soldier systems will have to be tried for 5-10 years in the field before we see convergence of requirements

all 2015 5 End customer

user

industry

Structural applications of advanced composite materials

Capability of current composite materials has almost reached its limit. Nanotechnology provides a promising approach for materials with improved properties. Explore the application of this technology in two-scales: constituents level and lamina level of composites

advanced composite materials with CNT

enhancements of composite with CNT to reduce stress concentrations

2020 4

5

NRC

DRDC

Universities

Develop lightweight flexible fabrics to be used in PPE components face/arm protection

Fabrics and components would have to be FR, with stand wear and tear from soldier, adaptable helmet and vest. Should disperse blow from stop metal must be comfortable, as well, have the ―cool‖ factor

develop fabric/FR fabric

develop print process of FR fabric

develop and design new fastening system that can take the dust

2015 scientists

fabric designers

plastic suppliers, moulded products

Equipment standards that are unrealistic (i.e. helmet impact requirements of 14 feet/sec)

Determine and clearly present why such standards are necessary and the research behind them. Recognize that technology might take a while to catch up , be open to interim solutions

R&D helmet development

2015 industry

government

military

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2. Improving tools and processes (physical)



Tools and processes , acquisition and collaboration between stakeholders

Short term, TRM. Long term, overhaul procurement process, increase collaboration

ICee 0-5

10-15

9 government

industry

Physical ergonomics Exploit boss data sets and collect more to update/expand 97 anthro survey. Generate standard set of CAD models of range of sizes of soldiers and of soldier borne equipment to support integration/dev. studies

compile Boss data set

acquire/develop appropriate tools to use data to separate CAD of soldier and equipment

generate CAD data set and distribute

2015+

9

6

6

DSSPM

DRDC

NRC

Academia

Improve tool and process Acquire biodynamics/biomechanics tool to support product development

acquire tool

develop necessary models and apply tool

2011 8

6

DRDC

industry

Reduce size and mass of soldier system power

Incorporate fuel cells and energy harvesting on conjunction with lithium secondary batteries and smart power management eliminate double a batteries

battery

fuel cell

power electronics

2020 2

Soldier data and power system is pushed to devices

Develop and intergraded power and data management system which centralizes power source on soldier and which distributes power to devices (example: weapon sights) via connectors

power management software

power distribution via soldier clothing

centralized weapon sources to change/power external systems

2020 7

3

4

DRDC

Industry

academia

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Reducing Encumbrance Provide phase-change materials that are flexible at rest and then stiffen when impacted

shear thickening fluid

materials integration

2020 7

8

Reduce physical burden Treat the soldier and the section as a system

(similar paradigm to the marine corps where the squad is treated as a system)

doctrine and SOP

exoskeleton/endoskeleton

Mule(big dog)

2010 2015

7

6-7

DND

DRDC

BDI

Balancing the needs for power with weight constraints

Finding a middle where the power requirements, (battery, weight, charging) are not over-weighting the soldier and that technology is used vice left in place

energy efficiency

advanced power generation/storage

industry

academia

Reduce the weight Integrate multiple functions into single item – e.g. ballistic plate batteries

integrated efforts 2015- 2020

9

Soldier burden/fit: procurement process does not allow for easy intro of new up to date technology

Evolutionary procurement process info systems 2015- 2020

PWGSC

Industry

DND

Load carriage Human augmentation system called exoskeleton with attachments to lift and move loads. Powered by mini fuel cells that will have integrated body temperature controls and medical information, military information data linked.

Hulc Exo 2015 7 Lockheed Martin

Ballistic Protection Weight Nano

Textile

fibre

2015 6

5

6

industry

scientists

yarn industry

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3. Reducing physical soldier burden (weight overload) (continued)



Ballistic Protection Next generation nano based body armour that is flexible and light. Classified performance

nano technology 2020 3 Lockheed Martin

Encumbrance Burden Reduce weight, snags and improve soldier flexibility, range of motion, adaptability with intelligent vest

smart vest

textile black plane

subsystem inductive coupled charging and data

2015 7

6

5

Mystery Ranch

intelligent textiles

Weight burden Reduce battery weight load with fuel cell recharger and hybrid power mgm and system to

20 watt fuel cell

integrated power management system

integrated intelligent vest

2015 2

5

6

Lilliputian

Raytheon

intelligent textiles

Load reduction/limiting Education on risk assessment to improve kit selection for ops with metabolic and mobility costs included in risk assessment

providing risk data linked to choices

decision hierarchy and rules of exclusion

providing decision making assistance in usable form to section commander

2015

Reduction of weight Reduce weights of fibre and coatings, hardware and components by 25%

high tenacity fires (Next generation)

liquid proof nanotechnology

smart polymer coatings

2020 6

6

5

DuPont

3m

Stedfast

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Weight burden Psychological weight mentality will always carry more no matter how much redesign to reduce actually weight, human will carry and pack as much are they are willing to

leadership and training

education about weight management , safety and increasing efficiency without adding more weight

reduce outside pressure to carry more

2015

Break everything into main groups to be integrated. Should be three main parts, weapons, PPE and uniform

what can go on the weapon?

what can go on the plate, chest rig/helmet

what can go on the clothing

2015 DND

industry

Physical integration soldier burden reduction

Decrease protection level conduct trade off study. Integration of design/components

Smart textiles (integration of design/components)

doctrine and SOP (less protection)

distributed power, inductive power

2015 8

9

Asha and David

Raytheon

DND

Infantry school

Soldier Burden Combine components. Consider developing products too specific jobs, rather than one for all.

product design and development

logistics (how to get the right product to the soldier)

2015 scientists

DND

of 122




Reduce physical burden Improve understanding of trade off of mass, bulk, etc. On soldier performance as a function of role.

biomechanics tools, instrumentation

performance comprehensive study

define impact on soldier system requirements

2015 5-6 Queens Univ.

DRDC

HSI

4. Improving physical usability



Knowing what dimensional allowances to use for clothing when applying CK anthropometrics data to equipment, platform and systems design

Undertake a more comprehensive study of clothing delta factors for existing soldier clothing/equipment based on the work that was done in 2009 by the Land Forces Trials and Evaluation Unit

blast iteration seats

military vehicles

2011 industry

DRDC Toronto

DND

NRC

Reduction of clothing and equipment bulk

Eliminate redundant layers and webbings clothing systems integration

smart fabrics

2015 7

5

Mustang survival

DRDC Toronto

Pacific Safety

HSI

W.L. Gore

Univ. Of Alberta

Dupont

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4. Improving physical usability (continued)



C4I situation, too fast growing for too slow decision making

New procurement process with more holistic approach encouraging collaboration between all stakeholders

Field specific industry

DND

SYS does not support human modelling of soldier with kit on

Additional support and technology support to conduct modelling and data , and gathering relevant and up to date information

soldier availability and available kit

time and information systems

anthro databases

DND

industry

Making all components (weapon, lights, lazar, dazzler etc.) a single self contained unit

Massive integration on a large scale size of devices

mindset of soldier

a lot of power

2015 DND

industry

Physical compatibility of interfaces

Determine best methods of attaching equipment to vests, helmets, etc. Let industry know how this should be done so that more commonality exists between equipment from different suppliers

equipment developers

2020 DND

industry

Learning solutions Educate soldiers on the engineering science, development and effort that went into kit. Provide reasons for the design solutions

marketing strategists , learning consultants

Head and face protection: visibility

Modular/flexible plastic

fasteners/anchors

adhesives

2018 5

4

5

thermoforming/moulding industry

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4. Improving physical usability (continued)



Thermal burden Active cooling to keep body temperature down and support longer hydration

active cooling system 4

Improved usability and utility of the existing CF/Anthropometric survey data

Produce an interactive data base using the network data, as per that produced for the data for the UK Anthropometrics survey of 2007

clothing design and manufacture

equipment design

platform design

2012 industry

DRDC Toronto

NRC

DND

Non intrusive way to monitor the soldier. Physical, cognitive and emotional state

Intelligent clothing. Integrate a computer into the clothing, no additional weight. Collect information on the soldier

bio-physical sensors: EEG, EMG, EOG

intelligent, smart clothing

2010 9

8

Helmet needs more ―stuff‖ on it Soldiers need a helmet that feels as light as if they were not wearing one.

helmet weight transferred to another body part

motion of soldier is not met with resistance. Helmet grips soldiers heads with perfect amount of pressure

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5. Improving modularity/configurability



Power/Data connector Magnetically guided snap connector, integrated with smart textiles

connector, smart textiles, power management

2015 2

6. Improving fit, form anthropometry



Improving integration on the soldier

Adjustable materials (helmets, gloves etc.)

Reaction with skin temperature, to stick less or more to the skin wearer

shape memory materials

lamination and coating of specific materials

textile modeling (building models)

2020 5

7

5

IMI

CTT Group

Stedfast

Queens Univ.

Royal Military College

Integration of hardware components

Create consortium of industry, end user, legislation to build together the required solution

radio, scopes, guns etc.

hardware, system integrators

IP network design

2015 industry

General Dynamics

DRDC

CISCO and SME‘s

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6. Improving fit, form anthropometry (continued)



Physical Ergonomics Detailed real-time anthro data used in equipment development

integration of boss into acquisitions

models of relation between anthro and performance

2020 8

4

DRDC

academia

industry

Human factors of wearing arctic or cold weather clothing under combat load

Load carriage to be worn specialized for climate consideration

HF studies

promotion

4

4

industry

DRDC Toronto

Soldier dexterity is limited by gear requirements

Soldier gear that allows soldiers to be flexible, effective and safe

textiles that adapt to soldiers needs

integrated communications

balance bit modularity and standardization

2015 textile industry

DND

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6. Improving fit, form anthropometry (continued)



Physical ergonomics and physical integration on the soldier (fit, form, anthropometry, human machine interface)

Use tools that are currently available Boss XX1 scanner

compile anthropometric data on all face personal to help with requirements, fit, form, human factors, layer of kit

Develop a system to scan soldiers in full equipment to assist with work in their trade and equipment fit/vehicle interface

2015 DSSPM

DRDC

Univ. of Toronto

Improving body worn sensors integration

Wireless connectivity of all soldier worn sensors (visual, IR, acoustic, geolocation)

Wimax

Bluetooth

2015 8

9

PPE – textiles currently only meet 2 or 3 requirements

Develop a multi-tasking textile that incorporates: FR, moisture management, anti-microbial, CB protection, ballistic protection, camouflage, etc.

ballistics

textiles

electronics

2020

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7. Improving interfaces compatibility



interfaces compatibility Data-centric – use metadata to express interfaces in terms of ―objects‖ to be exchanged and allow ―clients‖ to have ―renditions‖ of their data

2015

To integrate the CBRN protection on the existing/new helmet

siltration (CBRN)

composite materials

ergonomics

2020 3 Revision

Airboss defence

Integration of all components/functionalities on the soldier platform

Need for an industry integrator for the soldier platform project/program management

2015 9

Up to date anthropometric data Have the tools to build that data and make it available to procurement people and industry

computers

models

2015 +

9

7

DRDC

academia

Internal physical integration form, fit, anthropometry, human interface

Comprehensive anthropometry data representative of Canada‘s military tough to come by. (military could make 3D scans available to developers of all military equipment, need more scan data)

3D scanning 2011 DND

Soldiers on three different Comm. Nets

Radio interoperability options (example: new radio) Radio systems

radio patching

ROIP solutions

2015 Motorola

Harris

Raytheon

JPS

Inter-op Canada

Soldier system components interoperability

Establish open standard interfaces (HW, SW and MEC) technology is available (no commercial incentive)

2020 7 industry

Weigh load carriage Integrated system textiles

nano

knitting

2015 5

6

5

yarn/fibre Industry

industry

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8. Improving body-worn equipment/sensors integration



Physical integration on the soldier PPE integration

Soft connections and textile non invasive sensor electronic printing

soft conductive materials

2020 5

5

Annabel Canada

Stedfast

CTT group

Lincoln fabric

IMI

Ubiquitous audio display Audio display that provides hearing protection good speech intelligibility, sound localisation and discrimination, but is also comfortable and easy to fit. Must also reduce cognitive load when man and radio nets are involved

in-ear materials

active and passive technologies for sound reproduction

training

2015 +

6

6

DRDC

academia

Power soldier (integration) Soldier wearable power via mew mini fuel cell operating off JP-8/diesel fuel offering 300 watts

mini fuel cell (the size of a book)

2015 5 Lockheed Martin

Protection and Mobility and Load

Exoskeleton personal protective ergonomic equipment (EPPE)

Exosketeton integration technology

mechanical levers integration

2015 6

6

Lockheed Martin

Mawashi

Bionic Power

Physical integration on the soldier PPE Thermo regulation

One uniform capable of adapting his environment level of insulation

phase changing materials

non invasive and non toxic microencapsulation

2025 5 CTT Group

Bermatix

IMI

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8. Improving body-worn equipment/sensors integration (continued)



Provide heat/cold resistant clothing.

Clothing that adapts to the temperature. The fibre will be able to become cool or hot, depending on the environment

smart clothing 2020 9

Psychology of Change Trust! Rely on computer/robots in a soldier environment the way we trust and rely on them computers today in work/play

AKE individualized drones to accompany individuals into battle

rifle aim also aims drone. Riffle accepts fingerprint signature

only trustworthy back up will eventually lead to lighter loads

ballistics from further back could give coordinates

2015

Data transport Short range secure RF-optic link with encryption (apply via HW, or SW due to time dependent nature

near field RF link

logistics optic link option

2015- 2020

7-9

4-6

Sensor type and placement Compact contact-worn sensor set sensor set 2015 7-9 Zephyr

Hidalgo

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9. Improving display/control hardware design (no stickies)

Theme 2—Psychological/Cognitive Integration

10. Improving system characterization (psychological (no stickies)

11. Improving tools and processes (psychological)



User perceived vs. real performance

Training, simulator exercise simulator 3D 2010 ―the cave‖ –Valcartier

-interactive system

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12. Reducing the effects of stressors



Decrease stressors caused by excess extraneous information during times of peak stress such as a fire fight

Reduce information displayed during peak stress by focusing only on data such as blue, red, white force positions

Cognitive ergonomics Social networking – An operationally centred social networking system has the potential to help operators better to share expertise

CF platform

security framework

CF work culture

2015 6

5

2

DRDC

industry

CF

Thermal burden Active/passive cooling and/or heating systems passive cooling system

active microclimate cooling system

2010 8

8

Mawashi

Pacific Safety Clothing

Med-eng systems

Reducing the thermal burden in the heat

Active cooling system capable of removing 100w for 12 hours air fans/blowers

light weight power supply/battery

compression (higher) resistant 3D spacers

2025 8

5

8

Micronel

NRC

DND

Mueller

Heathcoat

Detect soldier stress level In order to provide tailored information to the soldier we need to determine the stress level of the soldier

medical sensors, pulse, temperature, respiration rate

2025 3 DRDC

medical/pharmaceutical firms

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13. Improving socio/psychological readiness



Reducing the effects of stressors

Use Augmented Cognition to adjust/tailor displayed information to the must task relevant

Augmented Cognition 2020 2-3 Univ. Central Florida

Darpa

14. Enhancing/augmenting soldier perception



Understanding what the soldier really requires

Research and development programs done with the army and civilian industry side by side

clothing

rifle scope

PPE

Information management Balance the needs of the soldier (i.e. what info is needed vs. everything available) and presenting it in a useful and easy manner. Avoid info overload

display technology

augmented reality

user interfaces

industry

government

There is a disconnect between what the academia is suggesting and what the troops are perceiving

Need to conduct more research on user acceptance with a focus on educating the end user

NVG

Fused

Thermal

DRDC

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Information overload Provide the soldier with the means to filter information being presented.

IT

DBMS

2015 8 Thales

DRDC

Valcartier

Cognitive overload Multi-model interface (audio, visual, tactile) audio I/F (spatial 3D, VOX command)

visual I/F

tactile I/F

2015 7

7

7

Audiox

SRI Dynaspeak

RCI

Retina Point

Microvision

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16. Improving situation awareness/understanding



Improving Situational Awareness/understanding

3-D aural localization of gunfire (sensors on soldier detect gunshot and send aural signal into soldiers headset identifying direction from which shot was fired. Enhanced systems analyses sound to determine calibre, estimate distance.

1) Gunshot detection and classification algorithms TRL 7, players DRDC/ARL/DSO NDA

2) Miniaturized acoustic sensors (low power) TRL 8 Ultra Electronics

2015 7

8

DRDC/ARL/DSO NDA

Ultra Electronics

Effects of stressors on Soldiers cognition

Study effects of stress on soldiers on ops. Correlate levels of stress to cognitive levels/cognitive tunnelling

1) stress Simulation/stress measurement

2) Develop multifunction displays

3) Correlate information levels to stress

2015 5

6

4

DRDC Valcartier

DRDC- Ottawa

Industry

DRDC

Complete but not overloaded SA Example Blue, Red,, White force ID and Tracking

Tran missive visor/eye wear display allowing

Improving Situational Awareness/understanding

Manage data supporting SA by context (e.g. personal space, section, platoon, FOB, NGO etc.) to allow simpler filtering of content delivered to soldier base on immediate needs.

5 yrs

Improving tools and Processes for psychological. Fear factor

1) Simulation in 3D pour ameliorer la reaction ainsi que dure de la concentration du soldat. Concentration = meilleur analyse de situation

now

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17. Improving decision making



Cannot offer just in time information for specific roles and situations – Currently give all information which leads to cognitive workload

Have an expert system, sensors that can detect user-task-environ and then offer only the info the user needs. The info would be presented in the visor. And not raw data, but integrated, analyzed comprehensive info.

1) Expert System, knowledge base

2)High performance visor, easy to read, no bad effect

2015

6

Current

Psychological data collected on soldiers does not transfer directly to decision making – cannot provide customized solutions

Standard communication systems appropriate bandwidth 1) Soldier worn systems

2) Communications data interpretation

2020

Procurement Timelines Involve powerful procurement folks in the roadmap process – they need to help us come up with creative procurement solutions

Collaboration between companies is limited due to IP protection

A business ecosystem with a keystone company to lead standards, integration is necessary to create space where companies can communicate on common items. Ottawa is world leader in creating business ecosystems; IE CoralCEA, masters in technology innovation management, Big Blue Button

1) Masters of Technology Innovation Management graduates to lead business

2) Business ecosystem keystone company (open source based) leads ecosystem

2015 9

8

Carleton University

Tony Bailetti

Ottawa University, Carleton University

of 122

18. Enhancing displays/GUI



Theme 3 Night Operations Display

Have a display that does not reduce local SA, emits little light and usable in bright daylight and night

1) Long luminance, image polarity screens for dismounts

2) Specialized mission low luminance modes i.e. arrow for navigation

3)Augmented reality HMP that does not affect local SA

2015 7

5

3

Academia, Industry, DRDC



Provide secure lightweight, simultaneous voice and data networking to enable SA at the soldier

Multiple vendors offer I.E. over radio nets with meshing technology for voice, data, video etc. and include AES-256 encryption

1)SPR radios

2)Wave relay radios

3)Breadcrumbs

9

9

Harris

Persistent Systems

Rajent

Devices which display soldier position only show the soldiers position, not the direction they‘re facing

Instead of one device, have 2 or 3 left side. Right side, centre, this will let the soldiers position be represented by a chevron instead of . dot. This will allow for better information on what a soldier is looking at for purposes of threat detection co-ordination with other squads. Integrate with weapons?

1) GPS technology

2) Body positioning systems

2015

Crunch information so soldiers don‘t have to analyze too much

Develop ―Expert systems‖ that pre analyze data from various sensors and information sources which reduce soldier decision for action to simplest form i.e. red light: no go, green light: go

Expert System software

Reliable detectors

2020 7

8

Software writers, lawyers

Comers; UAV; microphones etc.

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19. Improving human computer interaction



Create ―app store‖ style suite of man interfaces for information (visual, audio, etc) operations on a standard open source platform. Evolution of capability (software) + hardware is less accepted.

1) Develop/adopt development platform

2) Develop app suite with user input/validation

3) User evaluation and demos

5-6

3-4

iPhone/droid style platform with web connections (Industry, academia, DRDC)

Dev. tools exist but requirements for soldiers do not exist (source players)

Industry TBD

DRDC

HSI

Theme 2 Cognitive Ergonomics

Process Improvement: the fundamental solution for human factors/cognitive ergonomics is not a technology, but an improved procurement process (for the crown) and development process is (for industry) that properly integrate HF design elements.

1) Appropriate procurement process

2)Appropriate development process

2020 Industry Operators

Data filtering to prevent info only when needed and in a manner appropriate for the operator to take action

Advanced system monitoring and warning system including operator guidance and prognostic (i.e. pattern tracking and extrapolation) capability

Advanced Warning System

Tactile feedback

2015 Innovative systems

Academia

Tacton Systems

MIT, DRDC-Toronto

Identification of intuitive interfaces

ID target population demographics and likely familiar interfaces (e.g. soldier & Young & Garter & Social networking)

Windows style GUI

HTML

Texting, Twitter

2015 Microsoft

Web based stds authority OMG

RIM, Twitter, Motorola

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Theme 3—External Integration

20. Improving integration with weapons (no stickies)

21. Improving integration with C4I sensors



Communications technology Improve the communications network throughout in order to improve the SA/COP provided to the soldier

modulation 2020 3 Thales

CMC

Harris

Rockwell-Collins

Overcoming timeline/timeframe pressures for integration/interoperability – system architectures

Data-centric Systems (a vendor independent, technology agnostic cloud infrastructure) uses metadata to de-couple content from technology allowing it to keep up with the pace of change without forcing/waiting for standards

electronic health records

2015 6-7 Mainsource software Corp.

Physical usability of soldier components

Integrate systems together (example: GPS and C4I package)

communications

GPS

SA technologies

industry

government

academia

System of systems architecture Capability based planning as a tool for force development Cap D.E.M

spiral development

modular architecture

2015 6

8

8

DRDC

of 122

22. Improving integration with combat vehicles



Secure communication between dismounted infantry and vehicle communication

Wireless radio contact between one or two members of the infantry , use existing radios DRR but allow LAV to be part of that communication system (no additional weight on the infantry)

engineering to integrate existing radios into LAV

2015 8 industry

DND

Vehicle/soldier system integration

develop modular digital vehicle architectures. Standardize internal vehicle communications systems with soldier systems. Example: USB style recharging and communications

internal vehicle architecture

standardized soldier PDA/communications datalinks

vehicle power generation/hybrid architecture

2020 6

5

5

DRDC

DDSPM

Provide end to end communications for tactical data (from soldier, to vehicle to FOB, to headquarters) and interoperable with allies

Northrop Grumman mission systems Europe offer products that meet this integration challenge

wolf (handheld SA)

C2PC Tactical (vehicle system)

ICS server

2011 3

9

9

Northrop Grumman mission systems Europe

System architecture Capability based planning system of systems engineer

capability design engineering and management

spiral development

2015 6

6

8

DRDC

of 122

22. Improving integration with combat vehicles (continued)



Communications between soldier and vehicle is challenged by policies for secure communication

Policy standard and technology have to be accepted in order to have information sent to soldier by vehicle

wireless communication

policy management

tempest requirements

2015 9

3

8

Software industry

PWGSC

DND

Standardizing power management and system of soldier equipment

Study to decide the type of system early in the project phase; battery vs. wired. Is soldier plugged into vehicle with power/database or is info transmitted wireless and batteries rechargeable?

rechargeable batteries: small pack + main powerpack, standardized

recharging station: vehicle mount, stand alone, excess rechargeable batteries

umbilical cord to connect in vehicle, standardize connectors

2013 7

6

2

battery manufacturers

electronic hardware manufacturers

rugged manufacturer

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23. Improving integration with autonomous vehicle sensors



Application of advanced composite and hybrid materials against ballistic/blast loads

Composite and hybrid materials will provide a solution to reduce the weight of various components of a soldier‘s equipment. Engineering optimization of structural element under ballist/blast will support the design/application of the advanced materials

Impact testing of composite/hybrid structural elements

numerical simulation of structural elements under intensive dynamic loading

6

5

NRC

DRDC

industry

Integration Human and system integration methodologies institutionalization

system engineering

HF engineering

service oriented architecture

2015 9

8

8

academia

of 122

24. Enabling future capability growth



Procurement system does not allow for collaboration

implementation of systems that reward/encourage collaboration between all stakeholders

online Wiki

online select

2015 industry

government

Identification of necessary interfaces to support customer modularity at system level

Leverage existing standards (USB, 1394, Stanag 4586, Juas, etc.) where possible and supportable define standards where needed (mechanical fitting of helmet to rifle butt to vest, etc.)

Stanag 4586

Jaus

Jpeg/Mpeg

2013 Innuvatze systems

SAE

Nato WG

enabling future capability growth

Implement incremental acquisition process to allow better integration. Allows all components to evolve rather than being stuck with 10+ year old legacy items which constrain options

2010

System Architecture Quantify operational trade-off decisions field data gathering tools

models of performance

2020

System Architecture and processes

HSI integral part of acquisition program Canadian education programs in HSI

Industry incorporation of HSI into system engineering

legislation requirement for HSI in acquisition

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D. Breakaway Session 2 Participant Input: System Optimization Solution: Enabling Technologies, Processes and Tools

This appendix contains the detailed workshop participant input from Breakaway Session

2.

Breakaway Session 2 Participant Input: System Optimization

Technical/Functional Challenges

Description Related Technologies

(S&T)

Participant Table 1

1 Difficulty in gathering and applying field feedback

Immediate, small group qualitative debriefs of soldiers returning from deployment or modifications, and a self-powered kit

Infantry

Engineers

Armour

Gunner

Technology a) 20

Technology b) 21

Technology c) 22

2 Wearable Power Enables use of new technologies by allowing recharge at platform level and recharge all devices

Technology a) 8

Technology b) 2

Technology c) 5

3 Device Proliferation To look at how to militarize existing integrated consumer applications

Technology a) 3

Technology b) 5

Technology c) 16

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(S&T)

Participant Table 2

1 Reducing soldier physical burden

Improving fit, form, anthropometry

Improving interfaces capability

Enabling future capability growth

Need to standardize connectors for power, GUIs, etc…

If standardized, this can interchange technology

Need user involvement to determine need (current and future, unlimited connectivity, cost dependency)

Specify requirements for industry

Technology a)

Compatible with USB, Ethernet or other standardized connector

Technology b)

100 pin connector that‘s small and lightweight

Technology c)

Magnetic connectors that are easier to use

2 Reducing soldier physical burden


Minimize power that must be carried in additional to other equipment

Incorporate power generation and storage into clothing (for ex: energy from solar or movement)

Locations of storage on body must be moveable

Need multiple sources, wind, gun, energy

Energy storage must be lightweight

Technology a)

Textiles that generate solar power

Technology b)

Energy from the weapon, movement, wind

Technology c)

Light fuel cells

3 Sensor Integration Create industry and government standards responsible for defining standards and minimum interoperability requirements

Technology a) N/A

Technology b) N/A

Technology c) N/A

of 122




(S&T)

Participant Table 3

1 Improving body-worm equipment/sensors integration

The ‗Skin‘ will have to provide the physical backbone for connectivity

Technology a)

Systems Engineering

Technology b)

Smart Materials (functional materials)

Technology c)

Nanotechnologies

2 Reducing the effects of stressors

The ‗Skin‘ will have to meet hot/cold/neutralization/camouflage requirements

Technology a)

Physiology

Technology b)

Textile Technology

Technology c)

Biomedical Engineering

3 Improving integration with C4I systems

The ‗Skin‘ will have to be ‗wired‘ to provide a ‗Personal Area Network‘

Technology a)

Communications Engineering

Technology b)

Human Systems Engineering

Technology c)

Network Sciences and local cloud computing

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(S&T)

Participant Table 4

1 Improve Modularity / Configurability

Vest and accessories

Weapon and accessories

Radio and sensor access

Technology a)

Clothing, weapon and sensors

Technology b) N/A

Technology c) N/A

2 Improving Interfaces Compatibility

Mission specific pre-selection software

Technology a)

Software ‗expert‘ system

Technology b) N/A

Technology c) N/A

3 N/A N/A Technology a) N/A

Technology b) N/A

Technology c) N/A

of 122




(S&T)

Participant Table 5

1 All Mandated requirement for an HIS program and process in all acquisition projects

Technology a) N/A

Technology b) N/A

Technology c) N/A

2 Physical Burden

Interface Compatibility

Body-worn sensor integration

C4I integration

Multi-functional materials and devices

Single displays (field display)

Intelligent textiles

Phase-change materials

Technology a) N/A

Technology b) N/A

Technology c) N/A

3 Near all Common tailored optimized soldier HMI cross platform

Technology a) N/A

Technology b) N/A

Technology c) N/A

of 122




(S&T)

Participant Table 6

1 Improving Integration with Weapons

Improving Integration with C4I Systems

Improving Integration with Combat Vehicles

Improving Integration with Autonomous vehicle/sensors

Immediate, small group qualitative debriefs for soldiers

Technology a)

Incorporate into Systems Engineering Processes

Technology b)

Develop an Integration Test-bed with Troops

Technology c)

Boundaries (physiological) and other

2 Improving tools and processes (physical)

Improving tools and processes (psychological)


Integrating HIS into acquisition process

Technology a)

DRDC led soldier system lab

Technology b)

HIS value case for industry/government

Technology c)

Collaborate with universities to develop programs


Technology b) N/A

Technology c) N/A

of 122




(S&T)

Participant Table 7

1 Improving System Characterization (Psychological)

Improving Tools and Processes (Psychological)

Reducing the Effects of Stressors

Improving Socio/Psychological Readiness

Enhancing / Augmenting Soldier Perception

Reducing Cognitive Burden (Information Load)

-Improving Situation Awareness / Understanding

Improving Decision Making

Artificial intelligence (AI) collecting / filtering / feeding critical information / data to the warfighter

Programming of rule for harvesting / analysing / presenting situational awareness information to the soldier

Visor see-through heads-up display and intuitive graphic and icon display

User friendly PDA usable with one hand with ergonomic motor-response of the hand

Holograms technology to display maps / blue-red force / terrain in 3D

Technology a) N/A

Technology b) N/A

Technology c) N/A

Continued ...

of 122




(S&T)

Participant Table 7 (continued)

2 Reducing Physical Soldier Burden (Weight Overload)

Improving Interfaces Compatibility

Improving Body-Worn Equipment / Sensors Integration

Improving System Characterization (Psychological)

Improving Tools and Processes (Psychological)

Improving Situation Awareness / Understanding

Improving Decision Making

Enhancing Displays / GUI

Smart textiles

O.L.E.D. (Organic Light Emitting Display)

Highly Breathable Active Textiles (enhanced thermo-regulation)

Drug Dispensing Textiles (Biocide Enhanced Healing)

Self-Cleaning Textiles

Conductive Fibres (Electrical Connections)

Energy Harvesting Textiles (Thermal energy absorption and/or redistribution)

Water Harvesting / Filtering / Dispensing textiles / suit from perspiration and urine for personal cooling or hydration

Technology a) N/A

Technology b) N/A

Technology c) N/A


Technology b) N/A

Technology c) N/A

of 122




(S&T)

Participant Table 8

1 Improving Interfaces Compatibility

Battle space SA between top and front line

Ability to use a visual cams ability for situational awareness

Technology a)

Communications Research focusing on information collection and distribution

Technology b) N/A

Technology c) N/A

2 Improving Situation Awareness / Understanding

Dynamic communications system with filters capability

Technology a)

Computer / Communication Integration

Technology b) N/A

Technology c) N/A

3 Improved Integration with C4I Systems

Audio visual, text, symbols considerations or bio-constraints / stress

Technology a)

Display interaction GUI

Technology b) N/A

Technology c) N/A

of 122




(S&T)

Participant Table 9

1 N/A Use of anthropomorphic data availability – distribution standard set of bodies and equipment

compile information

enhance capability

create 3D CAD program to use to develop PPE integrated system

Technology a) N/A

Technology b) N/A

Technology c) N/A

2 N/A Comprehensive study on the effects of mass and bulk (for example: PPE) on soldier performance and survivability

Technology a) N/A

Technology b) N/A

Technology c) N/A

3 Improving interfaces compatibility

High impact technologies available

Low light emissions for dismounted soldier

One interactive display – simple

Follow intuitive cultural civilian knowledge

Allow users to adapt display to his /her required applications

Integration with weapon

Not needed for every soldier

Technology a) N/A

Technology b) N/A

Technology c) N/A

of 122




(S&T)

Participant Table 10

1 Improving fit, form, anthropometry

SkeletBone Skin that does not loose user capabilities

Technology a) 3

Technology b) 6

Technology c) 11

2 Improving system characterization (psychological)

Change the mentality of training. Combat centres to test readiness

Enhanced reliability of testing tools

Technology a) N/A

Technology b) N/A

Technology c) N/A

3 Reducing physical soldier burden (weight overload)

Save weight by:

Smart textiles lining in garments

Integration of systems (i.e. GPS, USB, baseline systems)

Development of models

Logistic distinction (i.e. learning, management, movement, education, life-cycle)

Overall management of applications of solution, education of soldiers

Technology a) N/A

Technology b) N/A

Technology c) N/A

of 122




(S&T)

Participant Table 11

1 Sensor Integration Create industry and government standards responsible for defining standards and minimum interoperability requirements

Technology a) N/A

Technology b) N/A

Technology c) N/A

sstrm - strategicreviewgroup.ca - human and systems integration workshop - volume 1 - report...

Technology

soldier human

systems integration

soldier perception

soldier burden

soldier systems trm

systems integration

workshop themes

workshop process