sstrm - strategicreviewgroup.ca - capt. sylvain sensors march 2010
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Future Soldier Sensors Capability Requirements, Drivers, Challenges and Gaps
By Capt O. Sylvain,
D/PD Unit STANO project
DLR 5-7-2
March 9-11, 2010
Le centre Sheraton Montreal
Montreal, Qc.
Soldier Systems Technology RoadmapC4I and Sensors workshop
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• Overview• Scope• Mission• Definitions• Current Technologies• Deficiencies/Gaps• Conclusion
OUTLINEOUTLINE
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Overview
• Therefore I say: • Know the enemy and know yourself; in a
hundred battles you will never be in peril.• When you are ignorant of the enemy but know
yourself, your chances of winning or losing are equal.
• If ignorant both of your enemy and of yourself, you are certain in every battle to be in peril.
-Sun Tzu, The Art of War c. 500 BC
Good Red SA Good Blue SA = Information Superiority
= Lost initiative
= Bad Day
Bad Red SA Good Blue SA
Bad Red SA Bad Blue SA
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Overview
• Command is the pivotal operational function, linking all other functions within a single comprehensive tactical, operational or strategic concept. But Sense enables all other functions.
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Vision
• In the next 5 to 15 years, the soldier should have access to the relevant situational awareness of his zone of interest through a number of sensors, multi-layered, in-depth, and of different types, in order to accomplish DRILTE accurately and quickly without increasing weight, volume or cognitive load.
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Scope
• Body-worn: Health sensors, GPS, NBC detectors
• Weapon sensors: Sights, ammo counter• STANO (Soldier surveillance Acquisition and
Night Observation) devices: Binoculars, NVG• Offboard (Unmanned Ground Vehicles, Micro-
UAV, Small Unattended Ground Sensors, Bomb-sniffing dogs)
• Combat team level: SUAV, HUMINT, ELINT• Operational level: UAV, Satellites, Mapping,
CIMIC
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Mission
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Soldier Icon
Section Comd Icon
Pl Comd Icon
Moving entities
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Mission
• A 2 soldiers detachment from Section 3 will occupy OP Falcon Nest from 0100h D-day to 1700h D-Day in order to provide overwatch for the platoon patrol.
• OP Falcon Nest is to Recognize personel entering or leaving the village and handover those targets to Seacan 15 for Tracking.
• OP Falcon Nest is to Engage insurgents if they are Positively Identified within the village, as per theatre ROEs.
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Mission map
300m
2000m
Seacan 15
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Definitions
• Detection• Recognition• Identification• Location• Tracking• Engagement
• The typical STANO cycle.
• Most steps are optional.
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Definitions
• Detection• Recognition• Identification• Location• Tracking• Engagement
• Realisation that an object is present.
• Ex. Something is raising dust there.
• According to Johnson’s Criteria, 50% chance discovery if 1+/–0.25 line pairs across the target
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Definitions
• Detection• Recognition• Identification• Location• Tracking• Engagement
• The type object can be discerned.
• Ex. Someone is walking along the path.
• According to Johnson’s Criteria, 50% chance discovery if 4+/–0.8 line pairs across the target
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Definitions
• Detection• Recognition• Identification• Location• Tracking• Engagement
• A specific object can be discerned.
• Ex. The person is carrying a shovel (vs an AK-47).
• According to Johnson’s Criteria, 50% chance discovery if 6.4+/–1.5 line pairs across the target
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Definitions
• Detection• Recognition• Identification• Location• Tracking• Engagement
• Positive Identification related to Rules of Engagement level of fidelity.
• Often requires multiple sensors confirmation
• Ex. The person carrying a shovel is emplacing an IED (vs removing weeds).
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Definitions
• Detection• Recognition• Identification• Location• Tracking• Engagement
• Where is the object.• Ex. A GPS grid, a
target location description, pointing with a laser.
• Relates closely to Target Handover to another sensor.
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Definitions
• Detection• Recognition• Identification• Location• Tracking• Engagement
• To follow an object across time.
• Easier with immobile object than fast movers.
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Definitions
• Detection• Recognition• Identification• Location• Tracking• Engagement
• To sight in a weapon in order to apply an effect to the object.
• Also includes an Assessment phase.
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Current Technologies• Many sensors available!• Wide field-of view (Immediate detection of
movement over 180 degrees)• Immediate focus and rapid adjustment to
changing light conditions (day/night)• Ability to focus on specific objects and
ignore noise• Stabilized• No power requirements and free and no
added weight
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Mark 1 Eyeball
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OP Mission - Night requirement
• Infiltration at 0100h D-Day = Night time!
• Requirement for <300m Detection, Recognition, Identification and Navigation.
• Portable and easily worn.
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•Gen III Tube - Detect pers out to 300m in quarter moon light conditions•Single AA battery (approx 50 hours)•40 degree field of view•IR light for close quarters•Weapon mounted, flip-up helmet mounted or hand held operation.•3 X magnifier (clip-on)•Variable Gain and high light cut-off
Monocular Night Vision GoggleAN/PVS-14 MNVG
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OP Mission - Night Engagement Requirement
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Laser Aiming Devices
• AN/PAQ-4C Soldier’s LAD
• Near IR
• Used in conjunction with I2 devices to accurately engage targets with small arms at night
• Range: 600m
• Distributed to everyone but commanders and 2ICs
• AN/PEQ-2A Comd’s LAD• Near-IR• Aiming laser to engage• Variable beam illuminating
laser to indicate• Higher power / extended
range (out to 5km)• Safety block for force on
force trg
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OP Mission - Longer Range Image Intensification Requirement
• Requirement to Recognize targets at longer ranges at night (300m to 2000m).
• Requirement to engage identified targets at ranges >300m.
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Kite Sight AN/PVS-505 orMaxi Kite AN/TVS-505
• Gen III tubes
• Magnification of 6.7x
• 2 x AA
• Heavy (1.5 kg)
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OP Mission - Daytime Observation Requirement
• Requirement to Identify targets in daytime, at long ranges (300m to 2000m).
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M22 Binoculars
• Magnification of 7x
• Anti-reflection device
• Laser protection
• Heavy (1.2 kg)
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OP Mission - Daytime Engagements Requirement
• Requirement to engage targets at very close range (<50m), and up to small arms range (<600m).
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C79 and Holographic sights
• C79 combat sight• Magnification of 3.4x• Large Objective• Long Eye Relief• Tunnel vision
• Holographic sights• Unlimited Eye Relief• Parallax free• NVG compatible• 1 moa dot in a 65 moa
circle = short range
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OP Mission - All-Weather Observation Requirement
• Requirement to Identify targets in total darkness (no moon or reflected light), or through battlefield obscurants (dust, smoke, sand storms, snow storms).
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Current Technologies – Hand Held Thermal Imager
• Short to medium wave infrared
• Cooled thermal imager, handheld
• Excellent detection ranges
• Challenges at Identification
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Current Technologies – Thermal Weapon Sights
• Uncooled Thermal Weapon Sights
• AN/PAS-13C
• 4 to 6 AA batteries
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OP Mission - Target Location Determination and Handover
• Laser aiming devices at night
• Accurate GPS grid
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Current Technologies – Target Location Determination
• GPS + Digital magnetic compass + Laser Range Finder
• Vector 4 for day
• Vector 21 for II
• CORAL CR-C for thermal
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Current Technologies – Target Handover and Rover
• Ability to receive Realtime Full Motion Video from other sensors (Link 16 rovers etc)
• Ability to provide sensor data to others
• Video out, to where?
Seacan 15
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OP Mission - Combat ID Requirement
• Requirement to Identify friendly forces quickly in order to reduce possibility of fratricide.
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Current Technologies – NearIR Combat ID
•Near-IR Beacons•Near IR reflective flags & tape
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Current technologies – Thermal Combat ID
• PASSIVE THERMAL MARKER
• Detected by TI Devices
• Easily seen through obscurants out to 5 km(+) (TI sight dependant).
• 4’ x 4’ (1.2M x 1.2M) Panel folds for easy stowage.
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Deficiencies
• No individual deficiencies! We own the night!
• If provided with– Holographic sight for close engagement– C79 for daytime small arms– AN/PVS14 MNVG for nightime navigation and identification– AN/PEQ2A Laser aiming device for engagement or handover– Maxi Kite or Kite Sight for nightime engagements– M22 Binoculars for daytime identification– CORAL-C Handheld Thermal Imager for all-weather detection– Thermal Weapon Sight for all-weather engagements– Vector 4/Vector 21/CORAL CR-C for target location
determination• Roughly 9 devices, more than 10 x AA batteries, possibly
5 different displays
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Deficiencies• Integration• Multispectral sight (fuzed sights or modular)
– Optical– Near Infrared– Thermal short-wave (SWIR)– Thermal Mid-IR– Thermal Far-IR (LWIR)– Others (Acoustic, Laser, LIDAR, Radar, etc…)
• Adjustable field of view/magnification – 1x and parallax free to >7x stabilized
• Active but also totally passive if required• Accurate Target Location Determination and Handover• Integration of observation devices and weapon sighting
devices• Less boxes, unobtrusive
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Enhanced Night Vision Goggles, AN/PSQ-20
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Dual FOV sights
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Deficiencies
• Integrated solutions to provide DRI at Line-Of-Sight small arms range
• What is next in the 5 to 15 years window?• What about behind walls or into buildings?
– Over-the-wall capability with Micro-UAV?– Around-the-wall capability with Micro-UGV?– Through-the-wall with radar? At range?– From another sensor located somewhere else? How
do I know who senses where? How do I access it?• From sensor integration to sensor information
integration.
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Deficiencies
• What about remote explosives detection? Who wears a suicide vest in a crowd?
• What about automated scanning of crowds for suspicious behaviours? Nervous people? Discussions of red intent?
• We are already at the level of sensor data saturation: We have more sensor data than we have smart brains to look at the data. How can we pre-screen data to present our soldiers?
• If I track a target, who watches my back? If I need to move, who tracks my target?
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Questions?
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