sstrm - strategicreviewgroup.ca - workshop 2: power/energy and sustainability, volume 1 - report

Department of National Defence

Defence Research and Development Canada

Industry Canada

November 17, 2009

Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap

Workshop 2:

Power/Energy and Sustainability

Vancouver, September 21-23, 2009

Volume 1: Report

ii

Acknowledgements

The Department of National Defence (DND), Defence Research and Development

Canada (DRDC), and Industry Canada (IC) would like to acknowledge the contributions

and support provided by the IC Special Events team that organized the Power/Energy

Sustainability workshop venue, logistics, and accommodations; Technôpole Defence

and Security (TDS); the Soldier Systems TRM Power/Energy/Sustainability Technical

Subcommittee and the co-chairs, for sharing their time and expertise; the National

Research Council Institute for Fuel Cell Innovation, which provided workshop

participants with a tour of their facilities; The Strategic Review Group Inc, which

facilitated the workshop; and the participants from across Canada, the United States,

and abroad, who contributed to making the workshop a success. Special thanks to those

who presented at the workshop, for their time, energy, and knowledge.

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Table of Contents

Abstract ................................................................................................................vii

Executive Summary .............................................................................................vii

Part I. Workshop Context, Process, and Agenda ................................................. 9

1. Power/Energy/Sustainability and the Soldier Systems TRM ........................ 10

1.1 About the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap (TRM) ............................ 10

1.2 Power/Energy/Sustainability's Place in the Roadmap .................................. 11

1.3 Tools for Collaboration – ICee Database and Wiki, and Roadmapping

Software ...................................................................................................... 13

2. Workshop Process and Agenda ................................................................... 15

2.1 Tour of the NRC Institute for Fuel Cell Innovation ........................................ 15

2.2 Presentations ............................................................................................... 15

2.3 Working Sessions ........................................................................................ 15

2.4 Workshop Results ........................................................................................ 16

2.5 The Workshop Agenda ................................................................................ 19

Part II. Workshop Presentations ........................................................................ 22

3. Workshop Presentation Abstracts ................................................................ 23

3.1 Welcome, Opening Remarks & Soldier Modernization Effort – LCol. M.A.

Bodner, Defence R&D Canada (DRDC) ....................................................... 23

3.2 Soldier Systems TRM Rationale and Governance – Geoff Nimmo, Industry

Canada ........................................................................................................ 24

3.3 Positioning to Meet Future Soldier Modernization Effort Opportunities –

Chummer Farina, Director General IS-ADMB, Industry Canada ................... 24

3.4 Day 1 Program, Process, and Deliverables – Phil Carr, The Strategic Review

Group Inc. .................................................................................................... 25

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3.5 Review of the Visioning Workshop Results – Phil Carr, The Strategic Review

Group Inc. .................................................................................................... 26

3.6 Integrated Soldier System Project – Major Bruno Turmel, DLR 5-6 / ISSP,

DND ............................................................................................................. 26

3.7 Capability Requirements in a Soldier Context – Ed Andrukaitis, DRDC ....... 28

3.8 Architecture: Manage Your Power Before it Manages You – Claude J.

Lemelin, DSSPM, DND ................................................................................ 28

3.9 System Integration of Power and Energy: State-of-the-Art Overview – David

Cripe, Rockwell Collins, Inc. ......................................................................... 29

3.10 Industry Collaboration & Exchange Environment Tool (ICee) – Vincent

Ricard, Defence Support Contractor DSSPM, DND ..................................... 30

3.11 Energy Storage, Portable Batteries, State-of-the-Art Overview – Dr. Ian Hill,

NRC ............................................................................................................. 31

3.12 Energy Systems Fuel Cells, State-of-the-Art Overview – Dr. G. McLean,

Angstrom Power .......................................................................................... 31

3.13 Energy Harvesting – Dr. Max Donelan, CSO, Bionic Power ......................... 32

3.14 E-Textile Power Distribution Electrically Conductive Textiles, State-of-the-Art

Overview – Dr. S. Swallow, Intelligent Textiles Limited ................................ 33

3.15 Update on Photovoltaics and CIPI (Luncheon Speaker) – Robert Corriveau,

President & CEO, CIPI ................................................................................. 34

Part III. The Working Sessions: Participant Input and Results ........................... 36

4. Working Sessions 1-2: Drivers and Products .............................................. 37

4.1 Working Session 1: Needs or Drivers ........................................................... 37

4.2 Working Session 2: Devices or Products ..................................................... 40

5. Working Session 3: Technologies – Stickies on "The Wall" ......................... 52

5.1 Mapping the Technologies ........................................................................... 52

5.2 Results: Focus Technology Areas Identified ................................................ 54

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6. Working Session 4: Collaborations and Projects .......................................... 56

6.1 Project Definition and Participation .............................................................. 56

6.2 Results: Six Technology Projects/R&D priority areas for Collaboration ........ 58

6.2.1 Power/Energy Standards Future Project........................................... 58

6.2.2 Connectors Project ........................................................................... 59

6.2.3 Storage (Batteries) Project ............................................................... 60

6.2.4 Integrating Power Sources Project ................................................... 61

6.2.5 Fuel Cells Project ............................................................................. 62

6.2.6 Electro-Textiles Project ..................................................................... 63

7. Next Steps .................................................................................................... 64

7.1 Developing the Collaborative Power/Energy Projects .................................. 64

7.2 Sharing Knowledge with the ICee Database and Wiki .................................. 64

7.3 Upcoming Workshops .................................................................................. 64

Appendixes

A. List of Workshop Participants ....................................................................... 66

B. The Strategic Review Group Inc. Facilitators ............................................... 72

C. Power/Energy Mindmaps ............................................................................. 73

List of Figures

Figure 1. Power/Energy's Place in the Roadmap ................................................ 11

Figure 2. Power/Energy's Place in the Soldier SystemError! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 3. The Industry Collaboration and Exchange Environment (ICee)

Home Page.......................................................................................... 14

Figure 4. The Workshop Process........................................................................ 18

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Figure 5. The Workshop Agenda ........................................................................ 19

Figure 6. Major Turmel in Battle Gear ................................................................. 27

Figure 7. Working Session 1 Handout – Power/Energy Visioning....................... 38

Figure 8. Working Session 2. Product/Device Worksheet .................................. 41

Figure 9. Power and Energy Product/Device Worksheets for each of

Ten Tables of Participants .................................................................... 42

Figure 10. Working Session 3: Participants at "The Wall" ................................... 53

Figure 11. Working Session 3 Results Table ...................................................... 55

Figure 12. Working Session 4: Areas Identified for Project Development ........... 57

Figure 13. Power Sources/Generation Mindmap ................................................ 74

Figure 14. Power Connectors Mindmap .............................................................. 75

Figure 15. Power/Energy Management Mindmap ............................................... 76

Figure 16. Energy Consumption Devices Mindmap ............................................ 77

vii

Abstract

The Power/Energy/Sustainability workshop, held in Vancouver in September, 2009, was

the first of a series of technical workshops associated with the Soldier Systems

Technology Roadmap (TRM) project. The project brings together representatives of

industry, government, and academia to address the needs of the Canadian soldier of

tomorrow. This report describes the importance of power, energy, and sustainability in

the context of the soldier system. It outlines the workshop process and agenda, provides

abstracts of the workshop presentations, and describes the workshop's four working

sessions, which resulted in the identification of six collaborative projects for further

development in the areas of power and energy standards, connectors, storage

(batteries), power-source integration, fuel cells, and electro-textiles.

Executive Summary

This report describes the purpose, activities, and outcomes of the Power/Energy/

Sustainability Workshop held in Vancouver, BC, September 21-23, 2009. The workshop

was the first in a series of technical workshops associated with the Soldier Systems

Technology Roadmap (TRM) initiative, and follows the Visioning and Future Capabilities

Workshop held earlier in the year.

Part I. Workshop Context and Process introduces the Soldier Systems TRM – a

unique industry-government collaboration that applies roadmapping principles and

processes to build shared knowledge and identify technology opportunities in support of

the Canadian Forces Soldier Modernization Effort. It defines the soldier system as the

integration of everything the dismounted soldier wears, carries, and consumes for

enhanced operational capability for domestic and expeditionary operations.

Part 1 also places the Power/Energy/Sustainability workshop in the context of the overall

Soldier Systems TRM process, and explains why power was chosen as the focus of the

first "technical" workshop. It describes the tools provided for collaboration among

roadmap participants, including the Industry Collaboration and Exchange Environment

(ICee) online database and Wiki, and roadmapping software. And it outlines the process

followed during the workshop.

viii

Part II. The Workshop Presentations provides abstracts of the presentations made by

industry, DND, and others at the workshop. It provides a link to the website where the

presentation decks are available for download.

Part III. The Working Sessions: Participant Input and Results describes the four

working sessions conducted during the workshop. The working sessions led participants

through a process of defining goals, drivers, gaps, and challenges related to the soldier

system; identifying possible products or devices to address those challenges; and

narrowing the focus to the most promising key areas.

The workshop culminated in the definition of six projects for further, ongoing

collaboration and development in the area of power/energy/ sustainability and the soldier

system:

Power/Energy Standards

Power/Energy Connectors

Power/Energy Storage (Batteries)

Integrating Power Sources

Fuel Cells

Electro-Textiles

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Part I. Workshop Context, Process, and Agenda

______________________________________________________________________

This part of the report:

Describes the Power/Energy/Sustainability Workshop in the

context of the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap

Outlines the process followed during the workshop

Provides abstracts of the workshop presentations

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1. Power/Energy/Sustainability and the Soldier Systems TRM

This report describes the activities and results of the Power/Energy/Sustainability

workshop held in Vancouver, B.C., September 21-23, 2009, as part of the Soldier

Systems Technology Roadmap (TRM) initiative. This was the second in a series of

planned workshops, and follows the Visioning and Future Capabilities Workshop held

earlier this year and described in a separate report available from Industry Canada.

1.1 About the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap (TRM)

The Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap (TRM) is a unique industry-government

collaboration project. It is designed to apply roadmapping principles and processes to

develop a comprehensive knowledge-sharing platform and identify technology

opportunities in support of the Canadian Forces Soldier Modernization Effort.

Participation is free and voluntary, and open to Canadian and international

manufacturing, services, and technology-based companies of all sizes, as well as

researchers and other experts from academia, government, and not-for-profit research

organizations from Canada and around the world.

The focus of the Soldier Systems TRM – the soldier system – is defined within NATO as

the integration of everything the soldier wears, carries and consumes for enhanced

individual and collective (small unit) capability within the national command and control

structure. It centers on the needs of the dismounted soldier, who is often away from the

supply network and must be self-sufficient for up to 72 hours.

The overarching goal of the Soldier Systems TRM is to understand how today's

technology – and tomorrow's – might contribute to a superior soldier system that

increases operational effectiveness for the individual soldier in the five NATO capability

areas of Command and Control (C4I), Survivability, Mobility, Lethality, and Sustainability.

The Soldier Systems TRM exercise is governed by an Executive Steering Committee

made up of government and industry representatives, and includes a technical sub-

committee dedicated to each technology area of focus.

For information about any aspect of the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap project,

visit http://www.soldiersystems-systemesdusoldat.collaboration.gc.ca

http://www.soldiersystems-systemesdusoldat.collaboration.gc.ca/

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1.2 Power/Energy/Sustainability's Place in the Roadmap

As noted, the Power/Energy/Sustainability (referred

to in this document as ―power and energy,‖ or simply

―power‖) workshop is one in a series of workshops

conducted or planned for locations across Canada

as part of the development phase of the Soldier

Systems TRM (See Figure 1. Power/Energy's

Place in the Roadmap).

Although each workshop in the development phase

focuses on a different area of the soldier system, all

are part of a highly inter-related, ongoing process,

with "cross fertilization" of ideas encouraged and

expected. Guided by their respective sub-

committees, activities will continue in each key area

throughout the development phase of the

roadmapping process and beyond.

What's more, although the roadmapping process

development phase is finite, its goal is to help put in

place collaborative efforts and projects that will

continue to address Canadian Soldier Systems

needs into the future as the TRM moves into its full

implementation phase.

Why power/energy first?

Within the Soldier Systems TRM, power refers to

electrical power. Power was chosen as the topic of

the first of the "technical" workshops associated with

the roadmap because power is a primary driver and

enabler of other soldier-level capabilities.

Essentially, electrical power will be a component

affecting almost every aspect of the soldier system.

Figure 1. Power/Energy's Place in the Roadmap

1.

Visioning & Future Capabilities

(Held in June 2009)

2. Technical Workshop:

Power/Energy/Sustainability


Weapons: Lethal & Non-Lethal

4. Technical

Workshop:

C4I


Survivability/Equipment/Clothing

& Footwear/Load Carriage


Human & Systems Integration

8.

Roadmap Integration

5. Technical

Workshop:

Sensors

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It was noted early in this workshop that, in pursuing soldier modernization, most other

countries explored all areas of soldier needs, leaving the power component to the very

end of the exercise. This led to an impasse—as they progressed, they identified

incrementally a kit of equipment that had so many ―new‖ capabilities that they could not

possibly be powered by a device carried by the soldier.

In an effort to build on those experiences, the Soldier Systems TRM discusses the

technologies needed to explore developments in power technologies first. As with all of

the technical workshops, the Power and Energy theme will be readdressed at the

Roadmap Integration Workshop.

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1.3 Tools for Collaboration – ICee Database and Wiki, and Roadmapping Software

A key to the success of any technical roadmapping initiative is ensuring easy

collaboration among its participants. For the Soldier Systems TRM, two tools – a

database/Wiki (ICee), and roadmapping software – will be used to do this.

The Industry Collaboration and Exchange Environment (ICee)

The Industry Collaboration and Exchange Environment (ICee) is an online database of

information relevant to soldier systems to which participants can contribute, and a Wiki

that enables online networking, communication, and contribution to the roadmapping

process on an ongoing basis. (See Figure 3. Industry Collaboration and Exchange

Environment (ICee) Home Page.)

The ICee is open to all who wish to participate in the Soldier Systems Technology

Roadmap. It is a single tool that includes password-protected sections for

communicating restricted, sensitive information meant for a specific selected audience.

1.4 Roadmapping Software

Industry Canada is in the process of acquiring roadmapping software that will enable it to

foster and track the collaborations and progress of the Soldier Systems TRM, and share

the information with all participants in the process. It will allow to capture over time the

link between the elements (i.e. capabilities, products, technologies, projects, resources)

that constitute a TRM. Information about the software will be posted on the Soldier

Systems TRM website when it becomes available.

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Figure 3. The Industry Collaboration and Exchange Environment (ICee) Home Page

The Industry Collaboration and Exchange Environment (ICee) is an online database of

information relevant to soldier systems to which participants can contribute, and a Wiki that

enables online networking, communication, and contribution to the roadmapping process on an

ongoing basis.

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2. Workshop Process and Agenda

The goal of the Power, Energy, Sustainability workshop was to identify projects in the

areas of power and energy that are relevant to the Soldier System and that can be the

focus of further collaboration and development.

To achieve this goal, the workshop followed a carefully designed process (Figure 4.

The Workshop Process, on page 17) and Agenda (Figure 5. The Workshop Agenda,

on page 18) that included presentations and working sessions leading to the defining of

concrete projects for which participants could "sign on" for further participation.

2.1 Tour of the NRC Institute for Fuel Cell Innovation

On the optional first day of the workshop – which preceded the presentations and

working sessions – about 35 participants attended a tour of the National Research

Council (NRC) Institute for Fuel Cell Innovation (IFCI) (http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/ifci-

iipc/index.html). They visited IFCI labs and were given the chance to ride in fuel-cell

powered vehicles.

2.2 Presentations

During the second and third days of the workshop, presentations by DND, industry, and

other participants provided background on the roadmapping process, aspects of the

soldier system in Canada and abroad, and state-of-the-art overviews on various aspects

of power, energy, and sustainability in the soldier system context.

Abstracts of the presentations are provided in Chapter 3, Presentation Abstracts. The

presentation slide decks are available at http://www.strategicreviewgroup.ca/soldier-

systems-technology-roadmap/sstrm-power-energy-sustainability-technical-workshop/

2.3 Working Sessions

They were designed to facilitate discussion at each table and to elicit input from

workshop participants. Specific questions were provided as a framework for the

discussions, and the results were recorded and discussed.

http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/ifci-iipc/index.html

http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/ifci-iipc/index.html

http://www.strategicreviewgroup.ca/soldier-systems-technology-roadmap/sstrm-power-energy-sustainability-technical-workshop/


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Four working sessions were conducted, during which participants addressed specific

questions and issues related to power and the soldier system. Each session built on the

results of the preceding session. The goals of the sessions were to:

1. Identify the needs and drivers of the necessary technology associated with

Soldier system power/energy requirements, and the gaps and challenges

associated with those needs and drivers

2. Identify possible products to address the gaps and challenges

3. Identify the technologies needed to develop the identified products

4. Define actual projects related to power/energy/sustainability and the Soldier

System for further collaboration and development

While structured, the working sessions also provided the flexibility to think innovatively

about addressing these issues. A plenary debrief followed each session, during which

participants shared the results of their discussions.

The working sessions are described in Chapters 4-6.

2.4 Workshop Results

The cumulative result of the presentations and working sessions was the identification of

six collaborative projects designed to address the issue of Power/Energy within the

soldier system:

Power/Energy Standards

connectors

Storage (Batteries)

Integrating Power Sources

Fuel Cells

Electro-textiles

A sign-up sheet accompanied each project description, and participants who were

interested in pursuing the projects were asked to sign up for them.

The projects, and the participant lists, are described in Chapter 7.

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Figure 4. The Workshop Process

The

workshop

process

followed a

recognized

logic used to

develop

Technology

Roadmaps

Working Session 1. Needs/

Drivers

To discuss and confirm the drivers of Soldier System power/energy requirements

Working Session 2. Products

To discuss possible products that would address the gaps and challenges

Working Session 3.

Technologies

To discuss the technologies required to develop the identified products,

and the time horizons of those technologies Working Sessions 3-4.

Working Session 4.

Collaborations/Projects

To discuss potential collaboration opportunities to crack the identified technologies

Working Sessions 3-4. Technologies and

Projects

Presentations on Power/Energy and the

soldier system

Presentations on Power/Energy and the

Soldier System

Working Session 1. Needs and Drivers

Presentations: Power/Energy and the

Soldier System

Presentations:

Roadmapping and the

Soldier Systems TRM

Collaborative Technology Projects to Pursue

Working Session 2 Products

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2.5 The Workshop Agenda

Figure 5. The Workshop Agenda

Day 1 – September 21, 2009 (Optional)

1hr30 – 4h30 Visit to the NRC Fuel Cell Institute

18hr – 20hr Networking Dinner

Day 2 – September 22, 2009

7h45 – 8h30 Registration (Continental Breakfast)

0 8h30 – 9h00 Welcome and Opening Remarks & Introduction of Technical Sub-

Committee members, LCol. M.A. Bodner (DND)

Overv

iew

9h00 – 9h15 Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap Overview, Mr. G. Nimmo (IC)

9h15 – 9h35 Participation in Soldier Systems TRM: Positioning to Meet Future Soldier Modernization Effort Opportunities, Mr. C. Farina (IC)

9h35 – 9h50 Day 1 Program, Process and Deliverables Mr. P. Carr

9h50– 10h20 Coffee Break

10h20 – 10h50 Return on Visioning Workshop, Mr. P. Carr

1 10h50 – 11h10

Today‘s Soldier Power Situation and Future ISSP Power and Weight Requirements, Maj. B. Turmel (DND)

Need

s

11h10- 11h30 Power/Energy & Sustainability: Capability Requirements / Soldier Context/ Energy Consumers-Demand Dr E. Andrukaitis (DND, DRDC Atlantic)

11h30 – 12h15 Breakaway Roundtables Session 1: Capability goals, drivers, challenges and gaps for various scenarios/missions

12h15 – 13h30

Lunch (not provided) and Networking

13h30 – 14h15 Report Back (Plenary) Session 1, Mr P. Carr

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2 14h15 – 14h30 Briefing on Power Architecture Options, Control and Management,

Mr. C. Lemelin (DND)

Pro

du

cts

14h30 – 14h45 Briefing on the Integration of Power and Energy, Mr. D. Cripe (Rockwell Collins)

14h45– 16h00 Breakaway roundtables session 2: Products and sub-systems: space, needs, performance goals, challenges, gaps

14h45 - 15h15 Coffee available

16h00 – 16h30 Report Back (Plenary) Session 2 and Wrap-up of Day 1 Workshop, Mr P. Carr

16h30 – 17h00 Collaboration Tool (ICee) Training Session

Day 3 – September 23, 2009

7h45 – 8h30 Registration (Continental Breakfast)

8h30 – 8h45 Opening Comments, Overview of Day 2 Content and Process, Mr. P. Carr

3 8h45 – 9h05 Briefing on Energy Storage – Batteries, State-of-the-art Overview, Dr.

I. Hill (NRC)

Tech

no

log

ies

9h05 – 9h25 Briefing on Power Generation – Fuel Cells, State-of-the-art Overview, Ged McLean (Angstrom)

9h25-9h45 Briefing on Power Generation/ Energy Harvesting – Electro-Mechanical Devices, State-of-the-art Overview, Mr. M. Donelan (Bionic Power Inc)

9h45-10h05 Briefing on Power Transmission/Connection and Electro Textiles, Dr. S. Swallow (Intelligent Textiles Limited)

10h05– 10h30 Coffee break

10h30 – 12h00 Breakaway Roundtables Session 3: Technology options through concept mapping (a.k.a. mindmap), readiness, challenges, gaps

12h00 – 13h30 12h55 – 13h25

Lunch (not provided) and Networking Guest Speaker: Photovoltaics Projects within CIPI Mr. R. Corriveau Can. Inst. For Photonics Innovation,

13h30 – 14h00 Report Back (Plenary) Session 3 and Introduction to Session 4, Mr. P. Carr

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4 14h00 – 14h15 Briefing on Integration/Joint Project Opportunities, Mr. P. Carr

Pro

jects

14h15– 16h00 Breakaway Roundtables Session 4: Collaboration Opportunities Addressing Capability, Products, and Technology Gaps

15h00 - 15h30 Coffee available

16h00 - 16h45 Report Back (Plenary) Session 4, Mr. P. Carr

16h45 – 17h00 Wrap-up, TRM Next Steps, and Concluding Remarks, TSC industry co-chairs, and LCol. M. Bodner and M. P. Carr

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Part II. Workshop Presentations

______________________________________________________________________

This part of the report provides abstracts of the presentations made

at the workshop. The presentation decks are available in their

entirety:

In Volume 2. Slide Decks, of the Power/Energy and

Sustainability Workshop documents

At The Strategic Review Group Inc. website:

http://www.strategicreviewgroup.ca/soldier-systems-

technology-roadmap/sstrm-power-energy-sustainability-

technical-workshop/

Using the ICee-Wiki tool:

http://soldiersystems-systemesdusoldat.collaboration.gc.ca

They will also be available on the Soldier Systems TRM site:

http://soldiersystems-systemesdusoldat.collaboration.gc.ca/eic/site/sstrm-

crtss.nsf/eng/home




http://soldiersystems-systemesdusoldat.collaboration.gc.ca/

http://soldiersystems-systemesdusoldat.collaboration.gc.ca/eic/site/sstrm-crtss.nsf/eng/home

http://soldiersystems-systemesdusoldat.collaboration.gc.ca/eic/site/sstrm-crtss.nsf/eng/home

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3. Workshop Presentation Abstracts

To augment the knowledge and expertise that participants brought to the workshop,

industry and government stakeholders presented information about the Soldier Systems

Technology Roadmap, about various aspects of Canadian Soldier Systems thinking and

requirements, and about the soldier‘s future needs.

This chapter provides abstracts of these presentations. The slide decks for the

presentations are available at: http://www.strategicreviewgroup.ca/soldier-systems-

technology-roadmap/sstrm-power-energy-sustainability-technical-workshop/

3.1 Welcome, Opening Remarks & Soldier Modernization Effort – LCol. M.A. Bodner, Defence R&D Canada (DRDC)

Welcomes workshop participants and introduces key DND players. Provides background

on Soldier Systems history,

technologies, domains, rationale, and

related initiatives. Outlines objectives

and roles of industry and

government, and explains what the

roadmap is not. Makes clear that the

Soldier Systems TRM is not part of

the procurement process, but a

collaborative effort by DND, industry,

academia and others to better

understand and respond to the needs

of the Canadian soldier of the future.

Provides a soldier-centric Canadian

Forces vision for 2028 in the context

of the framework of the Army of Tomorrow and existing modernization efforts. Discusses

the roadmap timeframe and related projects. Defines a Soldier System and describes

current work on soldier systems in NATO and around the world. Explains future soldier

systems challenges, describes DRDC programs, and introduces the subject of Power

and Energy and the Advance Soldier Adaptive Power (ASAP) Technology

Demonstration Project (TDP). Concludes with description of the benefits of the Soldier

Systems TRM to the Forces, DND, and the Government of Canada in the short, mid,



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and long term. Includes a list of Power/Energy/Sustainability Technical Sub-Committee

members and an overview of the workshop agenda.

3.2 Soldier Systems TRM Rationale and Governance – Geoff Nimmo, Industry Canada

Defines technology roadmapping (TRM) and provides examples of Canadian experience

with roadmapping. Describes the

Soldier Systems TRM, including its

status, key stakeholders,

organization and governance.

Includes a list of Executive Steering

Committee members, an outline of

the Soldier Systems TRM phases

and process, and overviews of the

workshop flows, project enablers, the

present situation, and a draft

schedule for upcoming Soldier

Systems TRM workshops.

3.3 Positioning to Meet Future Soldier Modernization Effort Opportunities – Chummer Farina, Director General IS-ADMB, Industry Canada

Explains the need to understand and

prepare for the future, including key

capability needs and areas of

opportunity. Summarizes increases in

soldier-level technical investment over

the past 50 years, and emphasizes

that soldier modernization investments

will continue to grow. Outlines multiple

global modernization efforts and

markets, and forecasts steady global

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growth and significant submarket opportunities.

Describes the roles various

government organizations designed

to address the need for innovation in

this area. Includes an overview of

future Canadian soldier

modernization elements,

implementation approach, and a

summary of the benefits to industry

and economic competitiveness of

early engagement and collaboration

in this process.

3.4 Day 1 Program, Process, and Deliverables – Phil Carr, The Strategic Review Group Inc.

Outlines the objectives of the

Workshop in the areas of missions,

capabilities, and technologies.

Describes the process the workshop

will follow, including presentations on

soldier's needs and related areas of

technology, group discussions,

reporting back to all participants, and

compilation of the results in a report.

Explains the purpose, process, and

products of the four working session

discussions that will take place

during the workshop. Points out that this workshop is part of a larger exercise that

includes workshops on related subjects. Provides initial instructions to workshop

participants.

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3.5 Review of the Visioning Workshop Results – Phil Carr, The Strategic Review Group Inc.

Describes the objectives of the

Visioning and Future Capabilities

Workshop held in Gatineau, June 16-

17, 2009, which focused on

Energy/Power and Sustainability, C4I

Sensors, Survivability, and Lethal and

Non-lethal weapons at the level of the

dismounted soldier. Results were

compiled in a Vision and Future

Capabilities report. Describes the type

of information gathered, and how it will

be used to inform this and subsequent

workshops.

3.6 Integrated Soldier System Project – Major Bruno Turmel, DLR 5-6 / ISSP, DND

To illustrate the amount and weight of some of the gear a soldier must carry, Major Turmel made

his presentation dressed in battle gear (See Figure 6. Major Turmel in Battle Gear).

Provides an overview of the Soldier

System Vision and the soldier of

today, tomorrow, and the future.

Describes deficiencies based on

lessons learned in the field. Explains

the need for power on operations,

and provides an overview of the

power components used on

operations. Emphasizes the need to

control the weight the soldier must

carry. Includes information about

power distribution and the power and

data infrastructure, as well as the

availability of power and the need for graceful degradation of power in the field.

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Figure 6. Major Turmel in Battle Gear

To illustrate the amount

and weight of the gear

carried by a soldier in the

field, Major Turmel gave

his presentation dressed

in battle gear. Participants

were invited to examine

the equipment following

the presentation.

(Photo: Mark Gray,

Industry Canada)

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3.7 Capability Requirements in a Soldier Context – Ed Andrukaitis, DRDC

Provides background on energy as a

critical combat requirement. Defines

and explains the need for energy

sustainability. Describes the soldier's

current energy load and the drivers,

such as density, power density,

safety, voltage, and more, to take

into account when developing power

solutions. Emphasizes the need for

affordability as a key driver, and

outlines the power/energy scope,

including sources, distribution,

management, and consumption.

Assesses future power demand. Describes NATO power initiatives. Lists power-

consuming soldier system accessories developed in the past three decades and

explains power consumption by equipment. Provides a U.S. forecast for power

expenditure and its relationship to weight. Concludes with an overview of the key power-

related challenges related to the soldier system.

3.8 Architecture: Manage Your Power Before it Manages You – Claude J. Lemelin, DSSPM, DND

Describes the premise of the soldier

modernization effort. Discusses the

need to lower combat weight.

Explains how the Soldier System

relies on energy, and why managing

consumption is critical. Provides an

overview of the desired features or

key drivers of a power architecture,

including usability, modularity,

graceful degradation, and more.

Outlines the main types of

architecture – distributed,

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centralized, and mixed – and their pros and cons. Concludes with a description of the

desired end state for a soldier-systems architecture.

3.9 System Integration of Power and Energy: State-of-the-Art Overview – David Cripe, Rockwell Collins, Inc.

Begins with basic assumptions of a

soldier systems power/energy

system, including high-level power

requirements and strategy. Points

out that present power support is

―point based‖ rather than systematic.

Describes the challenge associated

with integrating power and energy,

and the metrics to be considered

during system design and

component selection. Raises the

question of what the proper mix is for

power sources. Warns about the

risks of overspecialization (the Panda approach) vs. generalization (the Rat approach),

and the need to limit single-source dependencies.

Provides an overview of the state of

the art of soldier systems power and

energy, and its components.

Describes promising technologies

that are currently in development,

including projects underway in

Canada, such as photoelectric,

nano-thermoelectric, spintronics, J-

TEC proton-membrane cells, and

more. Presents a vision for the next

5-to-7 years for soldier systems

power and energy development:

power/energy development should provide the future network soldier with self-

sufficiency without re-supplying for the mission duration (increased energy

efficiency and minimum weight added).

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3.10 Industry Collaboration & Exchange Environment Tool (ICee) – Vincent Ricard, Defence Support Contractor DSSPM, DND

Describes the online database and Wiki tool for promoting collaboration for the Soldier

Systems roadmap. Provides an

overview of the tool's purpose and

basic concept. Defines and describes

the main components: the password-

protected ICee Database for

collecting key information; and the

ICee Wiki where online collaboration

takes place. Presents an online

demonstration of the tool to

workshop participants. Describes

user roles, documentation, and

support. Lists advantages for users.

Provided link to the online tool:

http://soldiersystems-systemesdusoldat.collaboration.gc.ca and instructions for getting

started. Notes that participation in the online community is an important key to the

success of the Soldier Systems TRM. Online training is available at the web site.

Notes:

It was announced at the workshop that the ICee tool would be officially launched

on October 7, 2009.

The ICee training environment was available for participants to try out during the

workshop:

"My experience in using the ICee Tool has been very positive. ICee will

be of great help for sharing information and connecting its users' ideas

and companies."

Kevin Tang, Principal Engineer, Raytheon Canada Ltd.

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3.11 Energy Storage, Portable Batteries, State-of-the-Art Overview – Dr. Ian Hill, NRC

Provides a brief background on portable batteries and defines the scope of the present

discussion. Explains why energy

storage is essential to the

dismounted soldier, and the role that

batteries play in providing it. Outlines

constraints for soldier-level

application, such as weight, safety,

and cost, and describes selected

systems currently in production.

Describes what is being done in this

area in Canada. Concludes with a

vision for portable batteries and the

Soldier System over the next 5-7

years, and a table showing the

capacity and energy densities of a range of batteries.

3.12 Energy Systems Fuel Cells, State-of-the-Art Overview – Dr. G. McLean, Angstrom Power

Describes fuel-cell technology process and advantages. Outlines passive and active-

design fuel-cell system

configurations. Discusses fuel

options for passive and active

designs. Describes system

alternatives for dismounted soldier

applications. Outlines constraints on

fuel-cell technology. Concludes with

an overview of the state of the art of

fuel-cell systems, an overview of

what is being done in Canada, and a

vision for the next 5-7 years of fuel-

cell technology development.

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3.13 Energy Harvesting – Dr. Max Donelan, CSO, Bionic Power

Describes human power as an

attractive energy source. Outlines its

limitations. Provides an overview of

the state of the art of energy-

harvesting techniques, including

lightning packs, self-winding

wristwatches, and SRI shoe energy

harvesting. Describes what is

currently being done in Canada.

Emphasizes the importance of linking

the technology to the dismounted

soldier, keeping in mind mission

duration, range, weight, logistics, and

cost.

Describes constraints, such as

soldier comfort and performance,

mission scenario, device power

output, and soldier power

requirements, to be considered in

the soldier-level application of

energy harvesting. Concludes with a

vision of energy-harvesting

technology development for the next

5-7 years, and of additional R&D

needed in this area.

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3.14 E-Textile Power Distribution Electrically Conductive Textiles, State-of-the-Art Overview – Dr. S. Swallow, Intelligent Textiles Limited

Explains why power distribution is

essential to the dismounted soldier,

and links the technology to the

soldier. Points out that a centralized

power supply allows higher energy-

density power sources to be used,

guarantees greater efficiency of

energy usage, but results in many

interconnecting wires and cables.

Describes issues associated with

wires and cables, including fatigue

breakage, bulkiness, lack of

redundancy, discomfort for the

soldier, and more.

Describes constrains to consider in a

soldier-level application of e-textiles,

such as robustness, connector

considerations, human factors, and

more. Provides an overview of the

state of the art of e-textiles. Describes

the work currently being done in

Canada. Offers a vision for the next 5-

7 years for e-textile development,

focusing on a "system of systems"

layered USB network.

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3.15 Update on Photovoltaics and CIPI (Luncheon Speaker) – Robert Corriveau, President & CEO, CIPI

Provides an overview of photovoltaics, the Canadian photonic industry, photovoltaics in

Canadian universities, and the Canadian Institute for Photonic Innovations (CIPI).

Forecasts increasing solar photovoltaic demand, and predicts it will surpass $100B by

2013. Provides a solar PV module cost breakdown and describes US venture capital

investments in clean energy for 2006-07 in the areas of biofuel, solar, fuel cells,

batteries, and smart grids.

Outlines the efficiency of solar cells. Shows the technology development process for

solar energy and investment opportunities. Describes a photovoltaic concentrator

solution.

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Discusses the Canadian Solar

Industry Association, the industry,

and research at universities.

Describes the CIPI (Canadian

Institute for Photonic Innovations)

network, the history of ten projects,

and photovoltaic projects supported

by CIPI. Introduces the TEN

(Technology Exploitation and

Networking) program, IPA

(Innovative Photonic Applications)

program. Emphasizes the need for

partnership to continue progress.

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Part III. The Working Sessions: Participant Input and Results

______________________________________________________________________

This part of the report describes the process and results of the

workshop's four working sessions, which were designed to generate

and focus discussion among the workshop participants. It includes:

Capability goals, and technology drivers and gaps discussed

during the first working session, and possible devices to

address those needs and goals that were put forward during

the second working session

A Power/Energy/Sustainability for Soldier Systems concept

mapping exercise designed to sharpen the focus on areas for

potential collaboration, and

Six ongoing, collaborative technology development projects that

emerged from the workshop based on the presentations and

working session discussions

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4. Working Sessions 1-2: Drivers and Products

This chapter describes the goals, process, and results of the first two working sessions,

which were held on day 1 of the workshop. These sessions were designed to:

1. Identify and confirm the drivers of Soldier System power/energy requirements

2. Discuss possible products that would address existing gaps and challenges

4.1 Working Session 1: Needs or Drivers

The first working session followed presentation 3.7, Capability Requirements in a Soldier

Context. It was designed to introduce participants to the breakaway session approach,

and to initiate discussion about power and energy in the soldier system context.

Working Session 1 Inputs

Groups of participants at about a dozen tables with 10 or more participants each, were

given copies of the participant output from the Power and Energy portion of the Visioning

Workshop held earlier in the year (see Figure 7. Working Session 1 Handout –

Power/Energy Visioning.) and asked to address these questions:

1. Using the table as a starting point, what are the 3 main drivers of the dismounted

soldier's power/energy requirements? (e.g., Weight? Form factor? Fragility? ...).

Why are these particularly important

2. What are the major technology gaps/challenges related to those drivers?

3. Can you associate a timeline or horizon – 5, 10, or 15 years – to successfully

overcome those gaps/challenges?

Each table posted a summary of their conclusions on a flip chart. Following the session,

the spokespersons of a number of tables were asked to report their observations to all

the workshop participants. The flip chart sheets from all the tables were then collected

for later review and analysis.

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Figure 7. Working Session 1Handout – Power/Energy Visioning

As a starting point for Working Session 1, participants were given the results of the

Power/Energy output from the Soldier Systems Visioning Workshop held in June 2009.

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Working Session 1 Results

Participants

identified a range

of drivers and

gaps in the areas

of power, energy,

sustainability and

the soldier

system. These

were compiled by

table, and used

as the starting

point for defining

devices or

products to

address needs.

Some Drivers and Gaps Identified in Working Session 1

Drivers

weight

weight/energy density

mission time

cost

functionality in extreme environments (high/low temp)

reusability

safety

transportability

silent operation

standardization and integration

mobility

acceptance by the soldier

Gaps

higher power density needed

standardization of sources, cables, connectors

power density limitations

fuel and storage capabilities

cost

power generation technologies

power harvesting techniques

manufacturability

unified power architecture

power predictability

graceful degradation control

legacy compatibility

wearable power production

energy-efficient electronic equipment needed

Alternative

energy

sources/.

storage

Energy status/management

(how much gas left in the tank?)

Energy load

(consumption) –

states/modes: stealth,

communication

One table's

depiction of

power

/energy

drivers and

gaps for the

soldier

system

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4.2 Working Session 2: Devices or Products

Following additional presentations 3.8 and 3.9, a second working session was held. Its

objective was to discuss possible products, or devices, that would address the gaps and

challenges identified in working session 1.

Working Session 2 Inputs

Each table was given an indelible pen and a laminated, tabloid-size chart (see Figure 8.

Working Session 2: Product/Device Worksheet) with space to list devices; "domains,"

such as storage, generation, and harvesting; and to indicate a development timeframe –

5, 10, or 15 years.

Participants at the same tables used the results of the first working session as the

starting point for filling out their charts. The questions they were assigned were:

1. What product items would meet the dismounted soldier's power/energy gaps and

challenges, taking into consideration the relevant drivers?

2. What "domains" of power/energy would those products address?

3. What would be the time horizon for bringing that product to the soldier?

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Figure 8. Working Session 2. Product/Device Worksheet

Each table of participants filled out a Product/Device Worksheet. The content of

the worksheets follows, in section 4.4 of this report.

Working Session 2 Results: Completed Power/Energy Device Worksheets

Following this exercise, a number of tables reported their conclusions. The laminated

charts were collected, and their contents compiled (see Figure 9. Product/Device

Worksheets for each of Ten Tables of Participants.)

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Figure 9. Power and Energy Product/Device Worksheets for each of Ten Tables of Participants

Power and Energy Product/Device Worksheet

Participant Table #1

Capability Areas

Time Horizon

(Years)

Product (Device) signifies top three

Sto

rag

e

Gen

era

tio

n

Harv

esti

ng

Tra

nsm

issio

n

Co

ntr

ol

Leg

acy &

Su

pp

ort

Dyn

am

ic P

ow

er

Mg

mt

an

d D

istr

ibu

tio

n

5 10 15

AA Super Capacity X X

Biomass Generator X X

Hand Cranks X X X

Fuel Cells (methanol, diesel) X X X

Radio Isotopes Generator X X

* "Power Hound" Robot that follows soldier to provide power (e.g., DARPA ETR system)

X X

2D Power Sharing Device X X

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(There was no table #2 for this exercise)

Product (Device) ( signifies top three)

Capability Areas

Sto

rag

e

Gen

era

tio

n

Harv

esti

ng

Tra

nsm

issio

n

Co

ntr

ol

Co

st

Time Horizon

(Years)

5 10 15

Device to tell status of every battery in a system X X

Distribution of power and connectors through clothing X

Light weight, efficient power harvester for solar & wind & body X

Super fast charging batteries X

Wireless charging X

Light weight biofuel power generator X

Mini hydro generator X

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Capability Areas


Sto

rag

e

Gen

era

tio

n

Harv

esti

ng

Tra

nsm

issio

n

Co

ntr

ol

Time Horizon

(Years)

5 10 15

Power Distribution Vest X X

Power Management System X

Conformal energy storage "material" X

X

Human motion X X

Vibration energy harvesting X X

Multi-fuel fuel cell X

Atomic battery X X

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Capability Areas


Sto

rag

e

Gen

era

tio

n

Harv

esti

ng

Tra

nsm

issio

n

Co

ntr

ol

Time Horizon

(Years)

5 10 15

Smart battery (sucks electricity and takes to device needing it)

X X

Fuel cell (wheeled)

Left blank

Left blank

Wearable recharging vest (replace armour with prismatic cells)

Non-contact/wire method of sending electricity (in development)

Bionic power – integrated to boots (soldiers want to put them on)

Chipset – power over Internet

Sit and charge (plugged in in-vehicle) (suit recharges when soldier climbs into vehicle)

X X X Left blank

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Product/Device ( signifies top three)

Capability Areas

Sto

rag

e

Gen

era

tio

n

Harv

esti

ng

Tra

nsm

issio

n

Co

ntr

ol

Time Horizon

(Years)

5 10 15

Dual use for energy storage and personal protection To reduce overall weight develop dual use body armour whose internal structure can double as a dispersed energy storage device. Ditto for weapon external structure (e.g., ballistic system)

X X X

Form fit AA format To develop adv bty or ultra cap capability in the AA format given ubiquity.

X

Backpack recharger Make use of cbt wt already in backpack on the wt for a backpack generator system device dedicated weight.

X X

High energy density power source (rechargeable) Extended ops possible – COTS available today vs primacy AA.

X X blank

Bi-directional smart grid for power management X X

AA format rechargeable that is smart grid compatible X X

Bio-generation from human waste (urine fuel cell) Autonomous power-regeneration possible. Recharge storage battery.

X

Autonomous kinetic energy conversion charger (i.e., armour system) Autonomous dual-purpose regeneration

X X

Scavenger charger DC-DC converter charger. Take remaining batt power and transfer to another batt (top up) or gang up partially used batteries)

X blank

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Capability Areas


Sto

rag

e

Gen

era

tio

n

Harv

esti

ng

Tra

nsm

issio

n

Co

ntr

ol

Mo

nit

ori

ng

of

sys

co

mp

on

en

ts

Time Horizon

(Years)

5 10 15

Rechargeable le component batteries Required for dynamic power management as described below with UCCC

X

Photovoltaic Integrated PV – helmet, back pack, shoulder caps – detachable unit with solar reflectors for additional power generation when stationary

X X

Field recharger (kinetic) X X

Universal charger controller converter Central monitoring and control. Central storage back up delivers as req'd or by command to external device batteries

X* X X X X X

Ballistic batteries Batteries incorporated inside body armour to reduce total weight bulk and carrying logistics

X

Simulator policy Program that analyzes power usage, forecasts remaining power time horizon; can override, prioritize component power allocation (generates power use policies)

X X

* Central battery storage would have higher voltage to enable "charging" out to SS components on demand/automatically or by power policy enabled.

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Capability Areas

Time Horizon

(Years)


S

tora

ge

Gen

era

tio

n

Harv

esti

ng

Tra

nsm

issio

n

Co

ntr

ol

Syste

m

Bo

dy a

rmo

ur

5 10 15

AA form factor cable ends can use alkaline bats as backup to central power.

X

"Spider" – route power from source to ????

X X X

Section-sized recharger X X

X

Piezo-electric textile BDU X

X

+

Power management by mission X X

Blast and bullet-proof battery/plates X

X

Sweat to energy X

+

Wrist watch that generates 20 W (arm movement)

X X

+

Electric eels (food to electricity) X

+

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Capability Areas

Product (Device)

Sto

rag

e

Gen

era

tio

n

Harv

esti

ng

Tra

nsm

issio

n

Co

ntr

ol

Time Horizon

(Years)

5 10 15

Inductive charging system + intelligent fabric for novel power + data distributor Allow the use of a smaller number of batteries The few batteries could be high power (retaining its power) Distributes power as required (magnetic induction) Controls graceful degradation Used also to distribute data to components

X X

New soldier computer combining GPS + R1 Radio + Personal Radio + organic display Uses less power (integrated systems) Lower weight Smaller footprint Organic display for easy reading but low power/high/weight

X

com X

Combine fuel cell PV + super capacitor Optimize fuel cell power generation (constant rate) complementary solar energy Capacitor to store/disseminate energy

X X

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Capability Areas

Time Horizon

(Years)

Product (Device)

Sto

rag

e

Gen

era

tio

n

Harv

esti

ng

Tra

nsm

issio

n

Co

ntr

ol

Inte

rface

Su

sta

inab

ilit

y

(Rep

len

ish

ing

)

5 10 15

Urine battery Human ammonia fuel cell

Ability to use the hydrogen contained in ammonia to fuel fuel cells

X

Power switches – circuit for int Light weight and low frequency harvesting

adapted circuitry

X X X X X

Soldier monitoring To provide situational awareness to soldiers

about the soldier (distress, etc.)

X

POE USB Can carry data and power

X X

Multi-function uniform Capable of protecting the soldier from

elements but also of storing, generating, and harvesting energy

X X X

Training (human and DPM self-learning) Training to soldiers to reduce waste &

provide system capability realistic expectations

Dynamic power management self-training algorithm to adapt to specific user habits (good and bad)

X

Gen (APU) vehicle grid Ability to interface to outside sources -->

APUs/vehicles/grid/...

X X

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Capability Areas


Sto

rag

e

Gen

era

tio

n

Harv

esti

ng

Tra

nsm

issio

n

Co

ntr

ol

Time Horizon

(Years)

5 10 15

Field recharger X X

Bio-mechanical X

Kinetic X

Fabric transmission Fairly near term – woven fabric transmission technology could be implemented to omit cabling

X X

TRL 7

Textile grid system The level up from fabric transmission channels – a grid system provides multiple transmission paths

X

TRL 7

Smart controller Probably embedded within the end item manipulated by the soldier (data terminal or sensor, etc.,)

X TRL 5

Battery bank X

X

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5. Working Session 3: Technologies – Stickies on "The Wall"

Day 2 of the workshop started with additional presentations (see 3.11 through 3.14)

focusing on various aspects of power, energy, and the soldier system. These were

followed by Working Session 3, described in this chapter.

5.1 Mapping the Technologies

The objective of the third working session was to discuss the technologies required to

develop the products or devices identified in working session 2, and the time horizons for

those technologies.

Participants sat in the same groups as on Day 1. Each participant was provided with two

packs of sticky notes, or "stickies" – one yellow, the other red. The product categories

from the first day's laminated charts were listed along one wall of the conference room,

with individual cells for 5, 10, and 15 year time periods.

Each person was asked to consider these questions:

1. What technologies need to be developed to produce the identified products?

2. What would be your "highest three priority" technologies?

3. What would be the time horizon for developing each technology?

Each was asked to use their yellow and red stickies to:

1. Identify as many technologies as they like for as many products as they like,

writing one on each yellow sticky note and placing it in the appropriate cell.

2. Use 3 red stickies to indicate the 3 highest-priority technologies.

(See Figure 10. Working Session 3: Participants at "The Wall".)

Following the working session, a discussion was held about the "clustering" of the

identified and selected technologies.

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Figure 10. Working Session 3: Participants at "The Wall"

Participants mapping power and energy technologies for the soldier system

(Photo: Mark Gray, Industry Canada)

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5.2 Results: Focus Technology Areas Identified

Figure 11. Working Session 3 Results Table, shows how the stickies were distributed

across The Wall's categories and timeframes. To reflect the relative importance of the

areas in the table, red stickies were given a weighting of 2:1 compared with yellow

stickies.

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Figure 11. Working Session 3 Results Table

Distribution of "Stickies" Indicating Recommended Areas of Focus for Power/Energy Projects

(Red stickies were given a weighting of 2 and yellow stickies a weighting of 1)

Are

as

of

Fo

cu

s

(Bas

ed

on

pa

rtic

ipa

nt

inp

ut

in w

ork

ing

se

ss

ion

s 1

an

d 2

(S

ee c

ha

pte

r 4

))

Areas of Focus, Development Timeframes, and Distribution of Stickies on the Wall

Me

ch

an

ical G

en

era

tion

: H

and

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Me

ch

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: O

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)

<--

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----

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Read the bars from top to bottom. The longer the bar, the greater the number of stickies posted for the area of focus in the timeframe specified.

<-

10

--

< -

15 -

-

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6. Working Session 4: Collaborations and Projects

The workshop‘s final working session built upon the first three sessions. It's objective

was to discuss potential collaboration opportunities to address the project areas

identified in Working Session 3.

6.1 Project Definition and Participation

Based on the clustering of stickies that participants placed on the wall in Working

Session 3, six areas of promise for collaboration were chosen (see Figure 12. Working

Session 4: Areas Identified for Project Development). To enable participants to

gather and discuss the general characteristics of these six projects, six tables – one for

each project – were designated as gathering places for people to meet and discuss.

Participants were asked to move to the table for the project they were most interested in.

There, they were asked to consider:

1. What technologies does it makes sense to work on first?

2. What would that technology development "project" look like? (A semi-formal

definition statement.)

3. Who would it make sense to involve in that project for any variety of reasons?

Each group outlined a proposed project in their chosen area. A sign-up sheet was

provided to each table, so that those interested in collaborating on the project could

indicate their interest.

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Figure 12. Working Session 4: Areas Identified for Project Development *P1-P6 (Projects 1-6) are the areas of focus for the projects included in Working Session 4. Note that P4 (the largest

rectangle) crosses areas of focus to integrate power sources and delivery.

Are

as

of

Fo

cu

s

(Bas

ed

on

pa

rtic

ipa

nt

inp

ut

in w

ork

ing

se

ss

ion

s 1

an

d 2

(C

ha

pte

r 4

))

Areas of Focus, Development Timeframes, and Distribution of Stickies on the Wall

Me

ch

an

ical G

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era

tion

: H

and

Cra

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Me

ch

an

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: O

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6.2 Results: Six Technology Projects/R&D priority areas for Collaboration

What follows is a preliminary description of the six technology development projects and

R&D priority areas identified at the workshop, and the participants who indicated an

interest in each of them.

By necessity, the original workshop descriptions were cursory. After they were compiled,

they were reviewed and clarified by DND/DRDC power and energy experts and by the

chairs of the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap Power/Energy Technical sub-

committee. The projects will continue to be studied and their definitions refined.

6.2.1 Power/Energy Standards Future Project

Interoperability with allies and integration of soldier-level systems will require the

adoption of common standards in the design process for all aspects of power, energy

and sustainability systems and subsystems.

Working groups on the issue of standards

have been implemented within NATO

efforts. However, the current efforts do

not include large portions of soldier

systems. Therefore, there remain many

opportunities to develop open standards

for design and integration for the critical

area of power and energy within soldier

systems.

A project to develop such standards could

consider the following components. Some

of these are later identified as discrete

projects.

Voltage: The standardization of

input voltage would bring more

benefits at the sub-systems and

systems levels. If each sub-system has a common input voltage, then exchange

or replacement of a sub-system by another would not pose problems at least

Participants

Name Organization

Steve Carkner Panacis

Howard Choe Raytheon

Peter Connolly FIDUS Systems

Francois Girard NRC-IFCI

Dave Liefer Boeing Corporation

Clive Mullins Bionic Power

Alain Poirier Rheinmetall Canada

Stan Swallow Intelligent Textiles

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from a voltage point of view. A common power source voltage would be a first

step in a common infrastructure on the soldier.

Form Factor: Form factor is an important factor in every aspect of soldier

systems for the dismounted soldier. Standards could be established related to

form factors affecting power and energy capabilities.

Protocols: Standards need to be developed to enable communication between

components at all levels. The current multiplicity of protocols creates problems in

the design, implementation and the integration of power and energy components.

Interfaces: Electrical and mechanical interfaces need to be standardized to

minimize the number of different interfaces. The chosen system voltages will

influence choices in interfaces. A second aspect of interfaces is the bi-

directionality of power and energy on the soldier.

6.2.2 Connectors Project

Common power/energy connectors are an

essential element for soldier systems, and no

universal ‗soldier system connector‘ exists. This

project would involve developing a device that

allows transfer of power/data across all standard

devices and subsystems on the soldier.

Interfaces and physical characteristics must

reflect the user‘s environment, as well as

mechanical, electrical, and data requirements.

Efforts have been made under NATO in relation

with soldier interoperability, but these do not

cover a generic Soldier System connector. A

―universal soldier system connector‖ would be

low cost, soldier adapted and compatible with

different transport media (e.g. wires, e-textile,

flat cabling to the soldier system manufacturers or integrators).

There is a strong relationship between this project and the one on Standards but this

project more directly focuses on connectors.

Participants

Name Organization


Brian Cochran Lincoln Fabrics

Francois Girard NRC-IFI

Daniel Moore Rockwell Collins

Alain Poirier Rheinmetall Canada

Roger Soar Cynetic Designs


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Elements of this project would include:

Understanding various transmission technologies (wired, wireless etc) and

requirements of soldier system:

o Mechanical side (e.g. look at pin and socket vs. spring loaded contact vs.

close proximity induction),

o "Thin" form factors (e.g. oval, flat, square, even round)

o Soldier to vehicle/base (for charge and data exchange)

o Universal, Non "gender-specific" (i.e. a common connector for all devices)

o Power rating: voltage and current rating including safety requirements.

o Current and future EMI/EMC environment,

o Environmental condition, ruggedization, mating cycles, safety features

(e.g. breakaway or quick disconnect)

o Protocols (e.g. suitable for USB, Ethernet, Firewire, RS232, CANbus),

o Usability (e.g. keying, cleaning, maintenance, handling in winter gears,

etc.).

6.2.3 Storage (Batteries) Project

All soldier systems have a common need to efficiently store electrical energy to be used

later when needed by various devices. The demands of the soldier power system may

vary considerably from nominal power to peak power. Storage requirements are

affected by a very demanding soldier environment, which can vary in temperature,

humidity, etc.

This project would include several related areas:

Storage components: Cell material (positive and negative electrode, high energy

harvesting, high specific capacity, electrolyte, self-discharge rate improvement,

internal resistivity)

Re-Charging components: Recharging batteries of different chemistries requires

changes in methodology (more efficient or versatile algorithms)

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System integration: voltages, standards, state of health vs. state of charge

Elements of this project would

include:

Understanding the range of

needs

Optimizing form, fit and

function of energy storage

Addressing components

optimization needed to fit

soldier power demand

mission profiles.

Developing as hybrid power

source system for optimal

run-time (energy production, harvesting, etc.)

6.2.4 Integrating Power Sources Project

An important challenge is to take

energy from diverse power sources

and ‗move energy‘ to various devices

(capabilities) on the soldier to meet a

mission requirement. The

―integration‖ of these requirements is

related to all soldier systems and

sub-systems, including weapons,

communications, forward operating

base requirements, etc.

Participants

Name Organization



Bill Coote Advanced Lithium Power

Alyson Cuthbertson E-One Moli Energy

Dave Fouchaud E-One Moli Energy


Cheng Huang NRC-IFCI

Derek Pettingale Cadex Electronics

Participants

Name Organization



David Compton Colt Canada

David Cripe Rockwell Collins


Allan Grant Powertech Labs

Clive Mullins Bionic Power

Gerard Nourry Rockwell Collins

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The following graphic represents the various aspects of integration that must be

considered.

<-

Inte

gra

tion

acro

ss s

ub

-syste

ms -

>

Small arms & accessories (where have the most advances taken place?)

Man portable communications

Forward base power (about 5-10 kw) (re: charge stations)

Vehicle systems (re: charge stations)

Main Operating Base or field base (about 500 kw – 1 mw)

Individual charging stations

<---------- Integration across distances (forward/rear)---------->

6.2.5 Fuel Cells Project

Fuel cells have been identified as

one promising power source for

soldier systems. They represent an

alternative to standard energy

storage technologies (battery etc),

and they are efficient with high

energy density based on fuel used.

Areas that require further

development are:

Developing a rugged and

inexpensive individual

micro-fuel cell that is

portable

Developing fuel options: Hydrogen (H2) (production, sources) liquid fuel JP-

8 [long term] solid oxide fuel cell, like alkaline fuel cell

Participants

Name Organization


Khalid Fatih NRC-IFCI


Jeffrey A. Neal Lockheed Martin

Jun Shen NRC, Fuel Cell Institute

Paul Treboutat NRC-CSTT

Chris Thurgood Royal Military College

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Improving system level performance: start up time, cold weather conditions,

military conditions (contamination), safety.

This project requires:

Understanding power demand requirements based on mission profiles, to enable

fuel cell system optimization.

Developing a hybrid power source system for optimal run-time with electrical

energy production and storage to deliver an optimized peak & nominal load to

soldier system.

6.2.6 Electro-Textiles Project

Electro textiles can be used to make clothing that conducts electricity. Electricity will

enable virtually every aspect of the soldier system. Therefore, enabling and improving

transmission of electrical energy around the soldier is an essential ingredient in the

design of the soldier system. Electro textiles can be part of the transmission solution

since they cover the soldier.

The project on electro-textiles

would be integrated with

developments in the areas of

connectors, integration,

storage, and sources.

An electro-textile project

would consider primarily

How to use textiles as

a grid for the

distribution of

power/energy

How to use textiles for storage, energy management, and harvesting ex. solar

harvesting

The project would likely involve understanding power demand requirements for

transmission and utilization; understanding wearability and durability parameters; and

developing a transmission system on a ‗soldier grid‘.

Participants

Name Organization


Bruce Cochran Lincoln Fabrics

Marie Darling Rockwell Collins

Paul Singh Corcan (Correctional Service Canada)


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7. Next Steps

The Power/Energy/Sustainability Workshop was just one part of the Soldier Systems

Technology Roadmapping process. It represents one small step on the journey to a

superior soldier system for the Canadian Forces.

7.1 Developing the Collaborative Power/Energy Projects

One of the key results of the workshop was the identification of the six technology

development projects for collaboration identified in Chapter 6 of this report. The

Power/Energy/Sustainability Technical Sub-committee, with the guidance of the Soldier

Systems TRM Executive Steering Committee, will continue to clarify these projects and,

with the collaboration of industry and government participants, to move ahead with them.

7.2 Sharing Knowledge with the ICee Database and Wiki

The Industry Collaboration and Exchange Environment (ICee) database and Wiki

(https://strategis.ic.gc.ca/app/scr/pssb/sstrm-crtss/generalpublic/login.pub) is available

for all interested parties to review and to contribute soldier systems knowledge. Over

time, it is expected to grow – both in the volume of knowledge and number of

participants – and to provide an invaluable catalyst for cooperation in soldier systems

technology development.

7.3 Upcoming Workshops

Discussion and collaboration in all aspects of the Soldier Systems TRM is expected to

continue throughout the roadmapping process and beyond. To ensure this, additional

Soldier Systems TRM workshops are planned, at locations across Canada, to focus on

areas of the soldier system that include:

Weapons: Lethal and Non-Lethal

C4I Sensors (Command, Control, Communication, Computers and Sensors)

Survivability/Personal Protective Equipment/Footwear/Clothing/Load Carriage

Human and Systems Integration

Overall Roadmap Integration

https://strategis.ic.gc.ca/app/scr/pssb/sstrm-crtss/generalpublic/login.pub

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Dates for these workshops, and related information is available at the Soldier Systems

Technology Roadmap website:

http://soldiersystems-systemesdusoldat.collaboration.gc.ca/

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A. List of Workshop Participants

Power/Energy/Sustainability Workshop Participants

Last Name First Name Title Organization

Amow Gisele DRDC

Andrukaitis Ed DRDC

Angelo Van L-3 Communications

Astill Toby NRC

Audette Celine Industry Canada

Barker Eric Industry Canada

Bodner Lcol Mike DND

Carkner Steve President Panacis Medical

Carr Phil The Strategic Review Group Inc.

Carroll James Vice President Public Affairs

GCI Group (Canada)

Charlebois Scott Financial Officer DND

Choe Howard Raytheon, Spring Creek TX

Raytheon

Chong Patricia Ballard Power

Cochoran Bruce Lincoln Fabrics

Compton David Engineering Supervisor Colt Canada

Comtois Patrick DND

Connally Peter VP, Business Development

Fidus Systems Inc.

Coote Bill Vice President, Operations

Advanced Lithium Power

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Corriveau Robert President Canadian Institute for Photonics Innovations

Cripe David Rockwell Collins

Cuthbertson Alyson E-One Moli Energy (Canada) Limited

Darling Marie Rockwell Collins

Deegan Mike Boeing

Donalen Max Chief Science Officer Bionic Power

Dosani Shazmin Centre for Public Management Inc.

Emery George The Strategic Review Group Inc.

Farina Chummer DG, ADMB Industry Canada

Fatih Khalid NRC

Ferguson John The Strategic Review Group Inc.

Fok Victor Defence Science and Technology Organisation of Australia

Fouchard David E-One Moli Energy (Canada) Limited

Frey Greg Spectrum Signal Processing

Garcha Yad CEO Bionic Power

Girard Francois Business Development Officer

NRC

Gorecki Gregg Cantec Systems

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Grace Robert Western Economic Diversification Canada

Grant Allan Powertech Labs

Gray Mark Industry Canada

Hennessey Craig Mirametrix Research Inc

Higginbotham Paul Delta Technical Support

Hill Ian NRC

Hoffman Joy Rockwell Collins

Housh Matt EaglePicher

Huang Cheng NRC-Institute -Fuel Cell Innov.

Huard Mariane DRDC

Hui Rob Senior Research Officer NRC

Jacques Simon EADS

Jung George DFAIT

Kujala Lance Rainforest Automation

Lefebvre Vivier DRDC

Lefrancois Sylvain Sagem Défense et Sécurité

Lemay Pierre General Dynamics Canada - OTS Canada

Lemelin Claude DND

Leung Adeline DFAIT

Liefer David Chief Engineer, Boeing, St. Louis MO

Boeing

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MacKenzie James L-3 Communications

Majumdar Amit Electrovaya

Man Malcom Tekion

Mason Rex ODU-USA, Inc

Mastalski Anthony Cobham Defense Communications

McArdle Ken Analytic Systems

McKay Dennis Raytheon

McLean Ged Angstrom Power

McLeod David Tekion

McNamara Maj. Daniel DND

Merida Walter CERC's Fuel Cell System- UBC

Miles Halliday Shannon Powertech Labs

Morton Cliff Intrinsyc Software International

Mullins Clive Bionic Power

Neal Jeffrey Lockheed Martin

Nimmo Geoff Industry Canada

Nourry Gerard R. Rockwell Collins

Ohrt Paul DND

Pageau Gilles DRDC

Pettingale Derek Cadex Electonics

Pich Cornell General Dynamics Canada

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Poirier Alain Rheinmetall Canada Inc.

Portman Stephen Delta Technical Support

Qu Wei NRC Fuel Cell Institute

Reddi Pat Private Investor

Ricard Vincent DRDC

Scivier Mark NRC

Sebastian Kevin President Toolcomm Technology Inc.

Shaikh Hafeez NRC

Shen Jun NRC Fuel Cell Institute

Sinai Dan Director, Research Development & Services

University of Western Ontario

Singh Paul Corcan Sales, Pacific Region

Corrections Services Canada

Soar Roger Cynetic Designs Ltd

Stazyk Michael

Stonier John Day4 Energy Inc.

Stroup Lcol Adam Commander, International Technology Center-Americas Canada

United States Army

Swallow Stan Intelligent Textiles Limited

Taghipour Fariborz CERC's-Chemical Enginer-UBC

Tang Kevin Raytheon, Calgary Raytheon

Thompson Asha Intelligent Textiles Limited

Thurgood Chris Royal Military College

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Timms Simon Engineering Director SNC-Lavalin

Trandafir Eugen Analytic Systems

Treboutat Paul Director NRC

Treichler David Raytheon

Turmel Maj. Bruno DND

Voss Henry Vice President, Engineering

Polyfuel

Walker Bill Analytic Systems

Walsh Bud Manager, Business Development, Soldier Systems

Thales Canada

Wang Haijiang NRC Fuel Cell Institute

Wardrop Walter NRC-IRAP

Wong Rick Mustanng Survival

Worden Kent Intrinsyc Software International

Young Alan General Dynamics Canada

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B. The Strategic Review Group Inc. Facilitators

The Strategic Review Group Inc. facilitators at the Soldier Systems Technology

Roadmap Visioning Workshop were:

Philippe Carr – Lead Facilitator

Shazmin Dosani

George Emery

John Ferguson

http://strategicreviewgroup.ca/

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C. Power/Energy Mindmaps

The Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap Project builds on research already done in

the area of Soldier Systems in Canada. The mindmaps in this Appendix were developed

by DND. They depict power and energy requirements according to:

Power/ Sources and Generation

Power/Energy Connectors

Power/Energy Management

Power/Energy Consumption

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Figure 13. Power Sources/Generation Mindmap

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Figure 14. Power Connectors Mindmap

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Figure 15. Power/Energy Management Mindmap

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Figure 16. Energy Consumption Devices Mindmap

sstrm - strategicreviewgroup.ca - workshop 2: power/energy and sustainability, volume 1 - report

Documents

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workshop context

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