state lead by example guide
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Lea by
ExampleGuidE
Clean Energy
Strateges, Resorces, an
Acton Steps for State Programs
U.S. EnvironmEntal ProtEction agEncy
JUnE 18, 2009
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I this document is reerenced, it should be cited as:
U.S. EPA State Clean Energy and Climate Program(2009). Clean Energy Lead by Example Guide: Strate-
gies, Resources, and Action Steps or State Programs.Prepared by Joanna Pratt and Joe Donahue, StratusConsulting, Inc.
For more inormation, please contact:
Niko DietschU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyOfice o Air and RadiationClimate Protection Partnerships Divisionel: (202) 343-9299E-mail: [email protected]
Clen Eneg Led b Eple Gde |
http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-programs/state-and-local/index.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-programs/state-and-local/index.htmlmailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-programs/state-and-local/index.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-programs/state-and-local/index.html -
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Eece Sar
State governments can achieve
substantial energy cost savings
across their acilities, operations, and
feets through clean energy Lead by
Example (LBE) programs.
Tey can also demonstrate energy and environmentalleadership, raise public awareness o the benefits o cleanenergy technologies, improve air quality, reduce green-house gas (GHG) emissions, improve energy supply andreliability, and oster markets or environmentally pre-erable products. Te LBE Guide provides inormation toassist state governments as they develop and implementeective LBE programs to achieve their clean energygoals. It presents strategies, resources, and tools statedecision makers can use throughout the process.
EPA and other organizations recognize leading byexample as a key policy option or states seeking toachieve their clean energy goals. For example, theimportance o LBE programs is documented in thethe National Action Plan or Energy Eciency Vi-sion or 2025 report. Te Vision identifies LBE as acritical component o achieving the long-term goal o
all cost-eective energy eciency by 2025. Goal Sixo the Visions ten implementation goals is to developstate policies such as LBE or pursuing robust energyeciency practices.
BACkGRound
State governments across the country are achievingsignificant energy, environmental, public health, and
ExECutivE Summary | Clen Eneg Led b Eple G
ChAPtER onE
idu
ChAPtER two
Pe lBE aes d mesues
ChAPtER thREE
Esbsh he lBE P Fewk
ChAPtER FouR
See lBE aes d mesues
ChAPtER FivE
Deep lBE P
ChAPtER Six
tk, Eue, d rep Pess
Doc
UmEntmaP
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financial benefits through a variety o clean energy poli-cies and programs (U.S. EPA, 2006). One o these cleanenergy strategies is leading by example, which involvesimplementing clean energy policies and programs inbuildings, acilities, operations, and eets under theircontrol (U.S. EPA, 2006). State governments are findingthat such Lead by Example (LBE) programs producesubstantial energy savings while oering a range o
other benefits, including: demonstrating leadership andthe economic competitiveness o clean energy; reducingemissions o greenhouse gases (GHGs) and air pollut-ants; increasing uel diversity; improving energy systemreliability; ostering markets or clean energy products,services, and technologies; and promoting sustainablealternatives to conventional practices.
o help states achieve these benefits, EPA has devel-oped the LBE Guide. States can use the LBE Guide toinitiate or expand an LBE program with the objective
o establishing a comprehensive LBE program acrosstheir buildings, acilities, operations, and eets. Acomprehensive program typically (1) oers greater
benefits due to its broader scope, (2) increases thecost-eectiveness o LBE activities, due to economieso scale rom bundling individual activities, (3) garnerpolitical support by appealing to a variety o constitu-encies, and (4) increases the visibility o LBE activities
Te LBE Guide is an important next step in EPAs e-orts to assist states as they develop clean energy port-
olios. It extends and supports two other recent statepolicy assistance documents:
EPAs Clean Energy-Environment Guide to Action,which describes and provides inormation on sixteenclean energy policies, including LBE (U.S. EPA, 2006).
Te National Action Plan or Energy Eciency (Action
Plan), which is a private-public initiative designedto overcome barriers to energy eciency. TeActionPlans implementation ramework the Vision or
2025 defines implementation goals or achieving allcost-eective energy eciency by 2025. Tis documenrecognizes LBE programs as an important componento this goal, and uses the presence o a strong state LBEprogram as an indication o progress towards achievinthis goal (NAPEE, 2006, NAPEE, 2007).
Te LBE Guide outlines:
Te value o clean energy LBE programs and activities
A set o LBE activities that states are successully
implementing,
A process or developing, implementing, and tracking
comprehensive LBE program that includes one or moro these LBE activities, and
Key strategies, resources, and tools or states to use
during this process.
Troughout the LBE Guide more than 120 sidebars ancase studies are provided. Tese examples describe specific instances in which state and local governments arpursuing and implementing LBE programs. Additiona
whAt iS CLEAn EnERGy?
ce ee udes ded- d supp-sde esues h
e ess pu ws ee ee ded. ce ee
esues ude:
Eerg ecec ees us ess ee pde he
se ped ee see he ee sue
e ee w. Ee ee esues ude
wde e ehes d pesses, d bepeeed ss j ee-su ses.
Reeable eerg ee eeed p ee
-depe ee sues de ed use
ee ee. reewbe ee des b
se, bu usu ude wd, s, d ehe ee.
Se ses s sde w-p s hd, bss,
bs, d wse--ee be eewbe ee sues.
reewbe ee be eeed se e
s.
Cbe ea a per (ChP) s kw s
ee, cHP s e, ee eh h
pes he es ee d ee
sses b us wse he ee ee pdue he ee he e
dus es. cHP sses p hee 60%
75% ue use eees, whh s s hhe h
hse e pwe ps.
Clea srbe geera (dG) ees
ezedusu s-seeewbe ee d cHP.
F e , s he U.S. Ee Pe
aes (EPas) ce Ee Web se (http://www.epa.gov/
cleanenergy) d he EnErgy Star Web se (http://www.
energystar.gov/).
thE LBE GuidE And LoCAL GovERnmEntS
Whe hs Guide s desed p sss ses
p, pee, deep, d pe
pehese lBE ps, he pphes
desbed hee s bee ees. lke ses
upes e ed deep lBE ps
e ee, huh spe p es d ssues
de. ths Guide pdes bh expes hw e
se es e ee ees d see
ses whh lBE es se es.
Clen Eneg Led b Eple Gde | ExECutivE Summary
http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergyhttp://www.epa.gov/cleanenergyhttp://www.energystar.gov/http://www.energystar.gov/http://www.energystar.gov/http://www.energystar.gov/http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergyhttp://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy -
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state and local examples are presented throughout thetext. Te structure o the LBE Guide and a selectiono some o the state and local examples highlightedin each chapter o the Guide are summarized in ableES-1, and a brie summary o the key elements o theGuide is provided below.
thE vALuE oF CLEAn EnERGy LBE
PRoGRAmS
Te LBE Guide describes a series o activities andstrategies that states can adopt to capture significantenergy, environmental, economic, and other benefits.An overview o these benefits is provided below, along
tABLE ES-1 LBE GuidE: oRGAnizAtion And ContEntS
Caper Ces a Spprg ira Selece Sae a Lcal Eaples
Caper 1: irc
ces:
Desbes he e bees lBE ps d ues he
lBE pess.
Wi: Ee Bus P vedne
me c., mD: Wd Pwe Puhses
ct: Ded respse P
ct: Deep Se lBE P
Caper 2: LBE Aces a measres
ces:
idues p bkud bees d
pee ssues ssed wh sx ke pes lBE
es. the d expes pded hs hpe
hep dess upe ses he lBE p
deepe pess, desbed subseque hpes.
Supp i:
appedx B: Se d l ce Ee lBE Ps:Expes, ts, d i resues
va: Ee Ee P d ads cu
ca: Behk Se Fes
mn: Se Susbe Bud gudees
ny: gee d ce Se Buds
ma: Ee Peebe Pdu Puee
ct: gee Pwe Puhses
nJ: aeed gee Pwe Puhse
il: Se ae cHP aes
Ut: S Pwe Des
co: We cse Se aees
ct: Ded respse P
Caper 3: Esablsg e LBE Prgra Fraer
ces:
Desbes he s seps esbsh ewk
pehese lBE p, ud see lBE e d
he ke pps, b hh ee supp, se s,d he p.
Supp i:
appedx a: Se Exeue odes, les, Pes, d Ps
i lBE Ps
appedx c: resues ipee lBE Ps
Esbsh lBE te d ob Supp
ma: lBE chps
ga: g Supp lBE P
ct: np oz Pp
Se ce Ee gs
ca: Behk ie
ny: gee d ce Se Buds d vehes
Esbsh mehss ipee he lBE P
Sc: Ee Ee a
Wa: K cu mde lBE P
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Caper Ces a Spprg ira Selece Sae a Lcal Eaples
Caper 4: Screeg LBE Aces a measres
ces:
Pdes ssess lBE es d esues
ee p lBE es d esues.
Supp i:
appedx B: Se d l ce Ee lBE Ps:
Expes, ts, d i resues
mi: Ee redu Se-F ce
ma: Susb P See ce
Ut: See Ee Ee opsvt: Se ae Ee P
Wi: Wss Ee ie
nv: Ee cse P
Caper 5: deelpg a Cpreese LBE Prgra
ces:
Dsusses ke des d pee ssues ses
sde s he deep he lBE ps.
Supp i:
appedx c: resues ipee lBE Ps
appedx D: resues Fud lBE Ps
appedx E: resues cdu cus d
oueh lBE Ps
appedx F: resues teh d F assse
l gees
appedx g: Se lBE Ps d cs
iee iddu ce Ee aes P
ca: S Shs P
Fe he lBE P
vt: Puee P
co d ca: resues bu EScos
nH: Bud Ee cse ie
ia: iw Ee Bk
ia, Sc, ct: Ses Deep Ws She re he Ee
Ss
cdu cus d oueh: Bud d m
Supp lBE P
co: Se Epee iees
vt: Ephsz he Bees ce Ee
Pde teh d F assse l gees
ca: teh assse Buds
ny: Pdu Puee assse
or: Ee auds d Des reews
Pa: Ee mee P assse
tX: Shs d l gee P
Caper 6: tracg, Ealag, a Reprg LBE Prgra Prgress
ces:
Pdes hw k, eue, d ep he
pee lBE ps d es.
Supp i:
appedx H: Se lBE tk ts d resues
appedx i: m&v Ps d gude
appedx J: resues rep he resus lBE Ps
Wy: Ee cse ipee P: mesuee
d ve P gudees
ma: D ce apph Ee d co2 ies
ga: Ee tk Sse
ny: Ee Uz idex
ca d ny: Se apps he iPmvP
ca: Eu, mesuee, d ve he 2004-2005
S De l gee Ee Ee P
tABLE ES-1 LBE GuidE: oRGAnizAtion And ContEntS (cont.)
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with able ES-2 that describes the specific benefits osix key LBE activities highlighted in this Guide.
Demonstrate leadership . Trough good energy manage-ment, state governments can proactively address thenations energy challenge while also being fiscal respon-sible. Trough their direct actions and by sharing theirapproaches, state governments can help raise awareness
o clean energy opportunities, help develop markets orclean energy technologies and services, make technicaland financial resources available or local clean energyactivities, and help develop and implement programsthat directly assist constituents.
Reduce energy consumption and costs. Combined, stateand local governments spend more than $11 billionannually on energy costs, which can account or asmuch as 10% o a typical governments annual operat-ing budget (U.S. DOE, 2007a). State governments can
implement a variety o LBE activities that reduce thesecosts. I a state government that spends 10% o its op-erating budget on energy reduces its energy consump-tion by 20% a goal which many states have adopted it can reduce operating budget costs by 2% and createsignificant operating budget exibility.
Reduce air pollutants and GHG emissions. By imple-menting LBE activities, state governments can reduceemissions o GHGs and air pollutants (e.g., sulur andnitrogen compounds) associated with conventionalenergy generation rom ossil uels.
Foster markets or energy-ecient products and en-
courage economic development in local and regionalcommunities. LBE activities can support developmento in-state markets or clean energy products, manuac-turers, and services. Investing in energy eciency andclean energy can also provide an economic stimulus tothe local economy. Across the nation, energy eciencyand renewable energy technologies and services areestimated to have led to the creation o 8.5 million jobsin 2006, with state government spending on energy e-ficiency responsible or about 64,000 o these jobs (U.S.DOE, 2004; ASES, 2007).
Oer improved energy supply reliability. Many LBEactivities can reduce energy demand (kW) and mitigateenergy supply constraints during peak periods. Reduc-ing peak demand makes sense rom a financial perspec-tive (i.e., due to higher peak energy demand costs andthe potential or incentive payments rom utility pro-grams) and improves reliability across the transmission
and distribution system. Reducing demand can alsoreduce energy prices, which is a special concern inareas where sales-volume-sensitive gas prices have beensteadily increasing. According to one estimate, or every1% reduction in national natural gas demand, naturalgas prices decrease by 0.8% to 2% (Wiser et al., 2005).
Oer greater energy price certainty. State government
LBE activities can provide more reliable energy servic-es and help governments hedge against uncertaintiesassociated with uture ossil uel-based energy costsand availability (U.S. EPA, 2006; U.S. EPA, 2004a).
Promote sustainable alternatives to conventional prac-
tices. By implementing other energy and environmentalactivities that complement LBE clean energy activities,states can achieve secondary energy savings benefits.For example, coordinating LBE activities with wastemanagement, water treatment, and other state programs
can lead to energy savings due to the energy implica-tions o recycling, solid waste reduction, water conser-vation, and landscaping strategies (Choate et al., 2005).
Provide other benefts. Clean energy LBE programs cansometimes produce additional benefits, including:
Improved indoor air quality and productivity in
energy-ecient and green buildings.
Increased asset value in energy-ecient buildings.
Reduced maintenance costs in energy-ecient
buildings.
LBE GoALS And ACtivitiES
Many states are pursuing clean energy across theirbuildings, acilities, operations, and eets. As a result,they are reaping significant energy, environmental, andeconomic benefits. Tese activities are being imple-mented through executive orders, legislation, plans,and policies to establish one or more LBE goals acrosstheir acilities and/or eets. Examples o state-specific
LBE goals reerenced in this Guide are summarized onable ES-3. Tese goals can:
Encompass all o a states buildings and operations,
Encompass some or all o a states buildings,
Address some element o a states buildings and/or op-
erations, such as new construction or energy-ecientproduct procurement, and/or
Address state eets and uel use.
ExECutivE Summary | Clen Eneg Led b Eple G
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tABLE ES-2 PotEntiAL BEnEFitS oF LBE ACtivitiES
Ac Peal Beefs
ipre Eerg
Ecec
Gere Facles
iped ee ee ee es deese ee sup b 35% exs
buds d 50% ew d eed buds, hus edu ee ss d gHg d pu
esss (U.S. EPa, 2004b; 2005; U.S. DoE, 2007b).
redu se ee ee sup b 20% e ( se ) edue he
ee se ees u ee bs b s uh s $16 d se e 1.2 Bu
u ee use (acEEE, 2003).
the pe edu gHg d pu esss se es s subs: ee use
e (ud se ee buds) d dus es us e 50%
U.S. gHg esss (U.S. EPa, 2008b). Fss ue bus ee ee us hh
peees co2, Sox, d nox esss, whh be edued huh ped ee ee
se ee es (U.S. EPa, 2008).
appxe 60% expedues pe ee ee se es s b ss, e
h ee ee es ese epe ppues (U.S. DoE. 2004).
$1 spe ped ee ee bud esu $2 $3 ese he buds ue
(U.S. EPa 2004b).
iegrae Eerg
Ecec aReeable Eerg
measres Gree
Blgs
ip ee ee ee bud dess (.e., b w EnErgy Star udees)
edue ee ss b s uh s 50% ped e buds, pdu u eess bu $0.50 pe sque (U.S. EPa, 2008; U.S. EPa, 2006).
Use ee ee, eewbe ee, d ee esues ee buds :
redue gHg esss.
Ehe bdes d esse pese.
redue su d de debs d he wse ses.
Pdue sed ee s bees huh we ee, e, d he es h
eque s us ee.
Prcre Eerg
Ece Prcs
Se ees sped he de $11 b ee bs u. a se ee-ee pdu
puee p se up 10% ses ee u b (lBnl, 2002, Hs e ., 2004; U.S.
EPa, Uded; U.S. DoE, 2007).
EnErgy Star-qued pdus p use 25% 50% ess ee h e pdus d,
se ses, e ee s ss up 90% ped e pdus (U.S. EPa, 2007;
2008).
a p se ee h puhses bske EnErgy Star-qued pdus (ud
pues d s, ed hes, ex ss, pes, d ss) edue ee ss
b e h $200,000 pe e, eque ee ss $1.5 (U.S. EPa, Uded).
B pu hese EnErgy Star pdus, se hee u co2 ss bu 1,900 s,
eque e-e ss bu 16,500 s (U.S. EPa, Uded).
Prcase Gree Per Puhs ee pwe ds use e ues, hus edu sewde gHg esss d he
ee ps (U.S. EPa, 2008s). F expe, puhs 100 kWh ee pwe d
esss bu 78,000 e s co2, eque e 14,000 pssee ehes he
d (U.S. EPa. 2008).
Ses h puhse ee pwe he u edue expsue e ss ue pes (U.S. EPa,
2004b; nySErDa, 2003).
gee ee pwe ed jb e se d ees. F expe, he
uue, su, s, d ee 1 mW s phs, whh s sd s
ee pwe, eques d suss 22 jbs (ap ae, 2007).
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Ac Peal Beefs
use Clea Eerg
Sppl teclges
gee e ee be hepe h puhs ee huh he d.
gee e ee supp subs edue sewde gHg esss d he ee
ps (U.S. EPa, 2008s).
cbed he d pwe (cHP) sses e ee 40% e ee h sepe he d pwe
ee sses, hus equ 40% ess sue ee d edu se wde ee ss (U.S. EPa,2007b).
iplee oer
EergSag
oppres
Ded espse (Dr) ps ed we sse peks edue ee ss d pdue
eeues se ees huh ee pes ues d ee d pes.
We ee esues pesee ube u esue whe pe s s u
ee. n, we supp d wsewe ee u e 1% ee
ee (U.S. EPa, 2008d).
ipees we ee se es huh he s ee d
sses deese u ee sup b 10% (We, 2002).
Se e ps esu s ee ss de e see 70%
90% he ee equed pdue pdus es (che e ., 2005). re 1
e ppe ses 10.2 Bu d e 1 uu s sees 206.9 Bu (che
e ., 2005).
Descriptions o each o these LBE activities are provided in Table ES-4, Six Key LBE Activities and Selected State Examples Included in the Guide.
tABLE ES-2 PotEntiAL BEnEFitS oF LBE ACtivitiES (cont.)
ExECutivE Summary | Clen Eneg Led b Eple G
o achieve these goals, states are implementing LBEactivities that all into one o six categories. Teseactivities and a selection o the state examples provided
in this Guide are summarized in able ES-4. Te sixcategories are:
Improve energy eciency in government acilities.
Integrate energy eciency and renewable energy mea-
sures in green buildings.
Procure energy-ecient products.
Purchase green power.
Use clean energy supply technologies.
Implement other energy-saving opportunities.
Beyond these six stationary-source energy eciencyand clean energy supply LBE activities, there are op-portunities or states to lead by example in the trans-portation sector. Te LBE Guide does not address thesetransportation activities. However, inormation aboutEPAs transportation programs, policies, regulations,and tools, is available in the EPA Oce o ransporta-tion and Air Quality Plannings State and Local rans-
portation Resources Web site (http://www.epa.gov/otaq/stateresources/index.htm).
EStABLiShinG A LEAd By ExAmPLE
PRoGRAm
States can use the LBE Guide to initiate or expand anLBE program toward the objective o establishing acomprehensive LBE program across all their buildings,acilities, and operations. Te steps involved in theLBE process, and specific actions states can undertaketo achieve each o the steps are illustrated in able ES-5. Tese steps include:
Establish the LBE program ramework, which includes
selecting the LBE team, establishing the business caseor the program and obtaining program support,setting LBE goals, and establishing the mechanismsrequired to initiate the program.
Screen LBE activities and measures.
Develop a comprehensive LBE program.
rack, measure, and report on LBE program progress.
http://www.epa.gov/otaq/stateresources/index.htmhttp://www.epa.gov/otaq/stateresources/index.htmhttp://www.epa.gov/otaq/stateresources/index.htmhttp://www.epa.gov/otaq/stateresources/index.htm -
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tABLE ES-3 ExAmPLES oF LBE GoALS And tARGEtS FoR StAtE LBE PRoGRAmS
Sae/tle Gal r targe
oerall LBE Eerg Sags
vrga
Eece orer 48
Esbshes se ees edue u ee ss b 20% b 2010. Se-wed
es e 5,000 sque ee e equed be desed sse wh lEED d EnErgy Star
sses.
ipre Eerg Ecec Esg a ne Gere Facles
ne hapsre
Eece orer 20054
reques he se edue ee sup se es b 10% de wh he
EnErgy Star chee.
iegrae Eerg Ecec a Reeable Eerg measres Gree Blgs
wasg, d.C.
Gree Blg Ac 2006
reques pub-wed d pub ed buds be desed ee lEED-Se
e sdds ee pee d e 75 ps he EPa ee
pee sse, us he EnErgy Star te Fde .
Prcre EergEce Prcs
Clra
Eece orer 0012 07
reques Depe Pese d ads deep pes se ees
puhse EnErgy Star-qued equpe.
use a Clea Eerg Sppl
wscs
wscs Ac 141
reques he Depe ads se eewbe ee puhse s sx ees
wh e h eewbe ee u 10% se ee puhses b 2008 d 20%
b 2012.
Sae Flees a Fel use
Gerga
Eece orer 2.28.06.02
Des se ees ese epee ue es sed b 20% huh pessed d
e wk shedues d eewk.
Clen Eneg Led b Eple Gde | ExECutivE Summary
Best practices or developing and implementing suc-cessul and cost-eective programs, which are based onstate LBE experiences, are provided in able ES-6.
LBE GuidE tooLS And RESouRCES
Te LBE Guide provides a set o tools and resources toassist states in developing and implementing their LBE
programs. Tese include:
Preliminary Assessment ools. An important task whendeveloping an LBE program is to screen potential LBEactivities and measures to determine which ones aremost likely to help meet state goals. Tis can involveevaluating a buildings energy perormance, trackingGHG and air pollution emissions, and calculatingenergy and financial savings. Key tools or states to use
when assessing LBE options are summarized in ableES-7. States can use these tools when:
Assessing building perormance.
Developing emissions inventories.
Estimating potential energy savings.
Assessing financial costs and benefits.
Additional Resources . Te LBE Guide provides a wealtho additional resources or states to use as they developtheir LBE programs. Tese resources are identified anddescribed throughout the Guide and are summarized,by subject area in the appendices. able ES-8 presentsa summary o some o the key resources, organized byLBE Guide chapter.
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tABLE ES-4 Six kEy LBE ACtivitiES And SELECtEd StAtE ExAmPLES
Ac Sar Ac
Selece Eaples
Pre Ge oe Sae Eaple
ipre
Eerg
Ecec
Gere
Facles
Se d ees e
espsbe e h 16 b
sque ee bud spe
ee s bu $11
b (U.S. DoE, 2007). Eeuse se ee es
sue pe budes
d u s uh s 90%
se ees gHg
esss (msshuses, 2004).
ip ee ee se
ee-wed d esed
es huh pehese
ee ee pph
ed s ee,
ee, e,
d he bees. Ses e
des u ss
he de $1 $15 ds, deped ee
ps d s.
Wi: Wss Ee ie
va: Ee Ee P d
ads cu
ca: Behk Se Fes
mi: Se Fes Ee Ss
P
mt: 20 x 10 ie
nH: EnErgy Star chee
Pp
or: Bud css
P
Wa: Bud css
P
nc: Susbe Ee Ee
Buds P
co: Ee mee d
ieed Ee-Ee Des
K-12 Shs
Wss used EnErgy Star s
d esues sse
epe h xues se
buds s Wss Ee
ie whh esued $7.5 u ee s
ss d esss edu
eque he esss
20,000 ehes e e. the
se ex pusued pehese
whe-bud es 60
sque ee e spe
s $35 whh e
expeed ed $11
u s ss wh pbk
ped ess h u es.
(naSEo, 2006).
iegrae
Eerg
Ecec a
Reeable
Eerg
measres
Gree
Blgs
the p, des, d
su pess ew
d eed buds es
ppues be ee
ee d eewbe ee
des eues wh he esues
h he ee d
heh bees (e.., see
susbe ses, us eed-e es, d dsp
edue we d ee use).
these ee ee d
eewbe ee esues e ke
ws edue gHg esss d
deese he b p
ew d eed se es.
ny: gee d ce Se
Buds
aZ: gee Bud P Pub
Buds
Hi: led b Expe ie
mn: Se Susbe Bud
gudees
ma: lEED-Pus Sdd
nm: led b Expe ie
Pa: Hh Pee gee
Bud P
Pa: cb Se oe Bud
or: Pd gee Bud P
Wi: Susbe Fes gudees/
Sdds
Wi: Depe nu
resues Buds
Dc: Wsh, D.c. geeBud P
i new yk, se ees e
equed b exeue de
w lEED udees he
su ee buds
d se ee he EnErgy
Star bud e ee
pee. See new yks
se ees he peed
deep susbe desudees, ud Hh-
Pee Des gudees
se ee d ues
buds (nySErDa, 2001; 2005).
ExECutivE Summary | Clen Eneg Led b Eple G
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Ac Sar Ac
Selece Eaples
Pre Ge oe Sae Eaple
Prcre
Eerg
Ece
Prcs
Ee-ee pdu
puee be ese
se ees
ee ee se
d be pu hepu se he deepe
-se kes e ee
pdus. Ee-ee pdu
puee e pdus
s he e eped, wh
ee-ee pdus h
e s peu. F
expe, EnErgy Star-
qued ees d e
equpe pdus be
puhsed wh s peu,
bu pdue s ee s
ss
ma: Ee Peebe
Pdus Puee
ny: new yk c Ee-Ee
Pdu Puee
i Fy 2001, msshuses spe
$92.5 ee
peebe pdus. the s
ss he p supssed
$544,000, wh ss ee-ee e equpe
e u $270,000
(msshuses, 2003).
Prcase
Gree Per
gee pwe s ee pdued
eewbe sues (e.., wd,
s, bs, bss, w-p
hd, d ehe esues)
h uses -de
gHg esss, hs supe
ee pe ped
e pwe ee,
d ws bu e Ju 1, 1997.
B hs puhse ee
pwe, se ees edue
ee ss ue-bsed ee
(U.S. EPa, 2004; 2007d) d hep
edue gHg esss, edueueb e ee
pe , d pe ee
supp eb. the pe peu
ee pwe h es he
esed ss dd ee
pwe he pwe ee
x es ss he u. i
2006, he ee ws
bu 2 pe kWh (Bd e ., 2007).
tehques suh s eed
puhs we hs peu
s.
mE: ae gee Pwe
Puhses
Pa: gee Pwe Puhse
ce
ct: gee Pwe Puhses
nJ: aeed gee Pwe
Puhse
mD: me cu Wd
Pwe Puhse
i me, he es 2003
ee ed esbshed
he se ee
puhse es 50% s
ee eewbe pwe
sues, us ee ee
esues se buds se
he s he eewbe ee.
ths ws e b
eee
e 800 se e us
ude e see eee. me
hs w esed s eewbe
ee puhse 100% (DSirE,2007).
tABLE ES-4 Six kEy LBE ACtivitiES And SELECtEd StAtE ExAmPLES (cont.)
Clen Eneg Led b Eple Gde | ExECutivE Summary
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Ac Sar Ac
Selece Eaples
Pre Ge oe Sae Eaple
use Clea
Eerg Sppl
teclges
Ses e pee e
ee ee suh s -
se eewbe ee ee
d e Dg d cHP
pde e ee-suppee h edues gHg d
pu esss, hedes s
e ee pe ,
pes ee supp eb,
d sees edue ee
ss.
aZ: a a t Se S
F
va: S Pwe new Se
Fes
Ut: S Pwe Des
or: S Se Buds
ca: S teh Se
Fes
ma: reewbe Ee ies
il: Se ae cHP aes
nJ: S Pwe Pub Sh
Ds
ca: S Pwe Ues
oH: cHP oh Ues
tX: cHP he Ues texs
Wi: cHP he Ues
Wss
mn: cHP Wsewe tee
F
az deeped s
suppee s ee use he
a a t Se. the
$196,000 ph sse
pdues 31 kW ee, whhhs edued d-bsed ee
puhses b 113,000 kWh, 31%,
d ses he depe $20,000
u ee ss (aZDoc,
2006; az, 2007).
iplee
oer Eerg
Sag
oppres
Ded espse (Dr) ps
d ee es suh
s e, we ee, d
susbe dsp sees
s esu s ee
s ss.
ct: Ded respse P
ma: Se Susb P
co: We cse Se
aees
ma: We csup redug
as expe se Dr
p, he ceu oe
P d mee (oPm)
dses Ded respse
P h des ded
espse es eee se
ees. oPm wks wh heseees edue pek ee
ds du ped hh ded
b se ds dsbued
ee equpe d edu
-esse ee ds. these
s ebe iSo new Ed,
he e d pe, d
s dd suue
h wud hewse be eeded
ee ded. as pes,
iSo new Ed pdes oPm
ppxe $300,000 que,
huh hd-p s.
ths pe s ed he pp ees
eese e ee
pjes (ceu oPm, 2008).
a January 1, 1997 is the accepted date marking the beginning o the voluntary green power market.
tABLE ES-4 Six kEy LBE ACtivitiES And SELECtEd StAtE ExAmPLES (cont.)
ExECutivE Summary | Clen Eneg Led b Eple G
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tABLE ES-5 SummARy oF thE LBE imPLEmEntAtion PRoCESS
LBE Aces
a measres
Esabls e LBE Prgra Fraer
Scree LBE
Aces a
measres
deelp a
Cpreese
LBE Prgra
trac, Ealae,
a Repr
LBE Prgra
Prgress
Esabls LBE
tea a
oba Sppr
Se Clea Eerg
Gals
Esabls
mecass
iplee e
LBE Prgra
See chpe 2 See Ses 3.13.3 See Se 3.4 See Se 3.5 See chpe 4 See chpe 5 See chpe 6
PoSSiBLE ACtionS
ipe ee
ee
buds.
iee ee
ee d
eewbe
ee esues
ee
buds.
Puhse
ee-ee
pdus.
Puhse ee
pwe.
Use e
ee supp.
ipee he
ee-s
es.
PoSSiBLE ACtionS
ide ed d
supp lBE
e ee
ees.
ide ke
pese.
ide d
b hh-ee
supp.
ide heke ees
d ups
hep shpe d
pee lBE
ps
PoSSiBLE ACtionS
Deep ee
sup
bsee.
assess se
ex.
Se se lBE
s.
oe ee
ss d gHg
ess es.
Exs bud
es.
new bud
es.
Ee-ee
pdu
puee
s.
reewbe
ee es.
Ee-ee
puee
s.
Se fee d
ue use es.
PoSSiBLE ACtionS
ge ssues
exeue
de.
Se esue
es lBE
es.
Se esbshes
lBE p
huh se
p pess.
Se ee
e es
lBE p.
ohe
zs
dp ps
h supp
fuee he
ses dp
lBE
p.
PoSSiBLE ACtionS
See lBE
es d
esues
he uese
lBE es.
Deep
ssesse
e.
Ese ss
d bees.
See d
pee lBE
es d
esues.
PoSSiBLE ACtionS
iee
e ee
ppues.
Deee
p
.
cdu
us
d ueh.
Pde ehd
ssse
ees.
She
d
ess ede,
se, d
lBE esues.
PoSSiBLE ACtionS
Deep k
eu, d
ep p.
Esbsh
bsees.
cdu
behk.
tk ee
use, esss,
d ss.cdu p,
pess, d/
ke ees
eus.
rep pess.
rese p
bsed esus.
Clen Eneg Led b Eple Gde | ExECutivE Summary
REFEREnCES
ACEEE. 2003. Energy Eciencys Next Generation:Innovation at the State Level. Report E031. November.Available: http://www.aceee.org/pubs/e031ull.pd. Ac-cessed 1/15/2007.
Arizona. 2007. Te Executive Budget: FiscalYear 2007. Available: http://www.douglasaz.gov/StateInormation/2007DetailBook.pd. Accessed3/20/2007.
Arizona DOC. 2006. State Agency Annual Energy Us
age Report. Arizona Department o Commerce. June2006. Available: http://www.azcommerce.com/doclib/energy/stateagency_energy_progress_report-7.01.06.pd. Accessed 3/19/2007.
ASES. 2007. Renewable Energy and Energy EciencyEconomic Drivers or the 21st Century. November2007. Available: http://asesprot.org//images/stories/ASES-JobsReport-Final.pd. Accessed 7/11/2008.
http://www.aceee.org/pubs/e031full.pdfhttp://www.douglasaz.gov/StateInformation/2007DetailBook.pdfhttp://www.douglasaz.gov/StateInformation/2007DetailBook.pdfhttp://www.azcommerce.com/doclib/energy/stateagency_energy_progress_report-7.01.06.pdfhttp://www.azcommerce.com/doclib/energy/stateagency_energy_progress_report-7.01.06.pdfhttp://www.azcommerce.com/doclib/energy/stateagency_energy_progress_report-7.01.06.pdfhttp://asesprot.org//images/stories/ASES-JobsReport-Final.pdfhttp://asesprot.org//images/stories/ASES-JobsReport-Final.pdfhttp://www.douglasaz.gov/StateInformation/2007DetailBook.pdfhttp://www.douglasaz.gov/StateInformation/2007DetailBook.pdfhttp://www.aceee.org/pubs/e031full.pdfhttp://asesprot.org//images/stories/ASES-JobsReport-Final.pdfhttp://asesprot.org//images/stories/ASES-JobsReport-Final.pdfhttp://www.azcommerce.com/doclib/energy/stateagency_energy_progress_report-7.01.06.pdfhttp://www.azcommerce.com/doclib/energy/stateagency_energy_progress_report-7.01.06.pdfhttp://www.azcommerce.com/doclib/energy/stateagency_energy_progress_report-7.01.06.pdf -
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tABLE ES- 6 ELEmEntS oF A
SuCCESSFuL LBE PRoGRAm
Bl a srg LBE ea. a suessu lBE
p ss wh e h s -
ed de he x es,
esues, d pphes bes sued
he ddu se. the pess bud
s e udes de se
e ed he lBE e d seee epesees, hs d he
se ees, wh e e
expese d pespees (e..,
ee, ee ee, eew-
be ee, susb, ee).
Pes usde se ee
s pde ube pu he lBE pe-
e pess d/ see s p
hps he u.
Secre gleel sppr. the supp
p-ee edeshp s lBE p-
s suess. apphes bud d
supp ude p-kes he e ses he pess,
de e e lBE e ebes
wh ess ke des-kes, d
e u he ue he lBE
e.
Esabls gals. Se e, qube lBE
s (huh exeue des, se ws,
he se p pess, he se
es) esue h skehdes u-
desd he expeed ues, pde
ese esuee d ep, d
dese he esb esbsh
e ee es.
deelp a eerg basele . t esue h
lBE s e esube d hebe,
bse he u ps d ue se
ee sup d d pjeed
sup. ths eques e se
ee sup d d
ssues h e ee use (e.., he
ube, sque e, d d
se es; fee sze; d ue e
ee ehes).
Scree LBE ps base eerg sa
gs a er crera. Deep see
e deee he lBE es d
esues ude he lBE p. Ke
e ude expeed ee ss, ssues (e.., pbk peds d
e-e ss), ee bees,
e bees, sb, d esb.
iplee a sseac apprac e
erg ecec. the s s-eee
pph p ee ee
se buds s w he sse-
pess deed he EnErgy Star
Guidelines or Energy Management. ide,
s bes pped ss p -
ee buds. i esues e ed,
ses pp he pess s p
e ew buds d use he esus de uhe ee ee
dd se buds. a sse p-
ph ee s eee
pehese lBE p.
tae aaage aalable facg
ecass. a e se-
es s be ses lBE es.
Beuse hese es pee ed
esues wh he p-
s, s hepu use upe -
ps (e.., up es-puhse
eees, e uds, e-
ed puhses). i se ses, ses eed d he ues esue h ees
he ess bd e
ehss (e.., pee -
) d u ehds (e.., e-e
s u).
Cc cca a reac.
Ses dese edeshp d
b - lBE supp se
e pese, he pub, d he
u skehdes b du
u d ueh es h
ue he bees he p d
eue pp , d supp
he p.
Lear r lcal, sae, a eeral srces. m se d up ees
he peeed lBE ps. S
hese ees s we s he lBE ps,
de pes, d ude he he
deeped e ke lBE esues. i dd
, ede ps pde esues
des d pee lBE es.
F expe, he EnErgy Star p
pdes ude d s p
ee ee exs d ew
buds.
Ealae, repr , a pae e LBE
prgra. i s p pedeue he ses lBE es d ep
he esus hese ssesses. Bsed
eu esus, ses expd su
essu (d pe suessu) e
d ese ee updue lBE
es.
Bird, L., L. Dagher, and B. Swezey. 2007. Green Power
Marketing in the United States. NREL/P-670-42502.Available: http://www.eere.energy.gov/greenpower/
resources/pds/42502.pd. Accessed 3/28/2008.
Choate, A., L. Pederson, J. Scharfenberg. 2005. WasteManagement and Energy Savings: Benefits by theNumbers. Prepared by ICF Consulting or U.S. EPA.Available: http://yosemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarm-ing.ns/UniqueKeyLookup/TMAL6GDR3K/$File/Energy%20Savings.pd. Accessed 3/19/2007.
Connecticut OPM. 2008. Demand Response Program.Available:
http://www.ct.gov/opm/cwp/view.asp?a =2994&q = 389740. Accessed 5/16/2008.
DSIRE. 2007. Maine Incentives or Renewables andEciency. Database o State Incentives or Renewablesand Energy Eciency. Available: http://www.dsireusa.org/library/includes/incentive2.cm?Incentive_Code =ME08R&state = ME&CurrentPageID = 1&RE = 1&EE= 1. Accessed 3/19/2007.
ExECutivE Summary | Clen Eneg Led b Eple G
http://www.eere.energy.gov/greenpower/resources/pdfs/42502.pdfhttp://www.eere.energy.gov/greenpower/resources/pdfs/42502.pdfhttp://yosemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarming.nsf/UniqueKeyLookup/TMAL6GDR3K/$File/Energy%20Savings.pdfhttp://yosemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarming.nsf/UniqueKeyLookup/TMAL6GDR3K/$File/Energy%20Savings.pdfhttp://yosemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarming.nsf/UniqueKeyLookup/TMAL6GDR3K/$File/Energy%20Savings.pdfhttp://www.ct.gov/opm/cwp/view.asp?a=2994&q=389740http://www.ct.gov/opm/cwp/view.asp?a=2994&q=389740http://www.dsireusa.org/library/includes/incentive2.cfm?Incentive_Code=ME08R&state=ME&CurrentPageID=1&RE=1&EE=1http://www.dsireusa.org/library/includes/incentive2.cfm?Incentive_Code=ME08R&state=ME&CurrentPageID=1&RE=1&EE=1http://www.dsireusa.org/library/includes/incentive2.cfm?Incentive_Code=ME08R&state=ME&CurrentPageID=1&RE=1&EE=1http://www.dsireusa.org/library/includes/incentive2.cfm?Incentive_Code=ME08R&state=ME&CurrentPageID=1&RE=1&EE=1http://yosemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarming.nsf/UniqueKeyLookup/TMAL6GDR3K/$File/Energy%20Savings.pdfhttp://yosemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarming.nsf/UniqueKeyLookup/TMAL6GDR3K/$File/Energy%20Savings.pdfhttp://yosemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarming.nsf/UniqueKeyLookup/TMAL6GDR3K/$File/Energy%20Savings.pdfhttp://www.eere.energy.gov/greenpower/resources/pdfs/42502.pdfhttp://www.eere.energy.gov/greenpower/resources/pdfs/42502.pdfhttp://www.dsireusa.org/library/includes/incentive2.cfm?Incentive_Code=ME08R&state=ME&CurrentPageID=1&RE=1&EE=1http://www.dsireusa.org/library/includes/incentive2.cfm?Incentive_Code=ME08R&state=ME&CurrentPageID=1&RE=1&EE=1http://www.dsireusa.org/library/includes/incentive2.cfm?Incentive_Code=ME08R&state=ME&CurrentPageID=1&RE=1&EE=1http://www.dsireusa.org/library/includes/incentive2.cfm?Incentive_Code=ME08R&state=ME&CurrentPageID=1&RE=1&EE=1http://www.ct.gov/opm/cwp/view.asp?a=2994&q=389740http://www.ct.gov/opm/cwp/view.asp?a=2994&q=389740 -
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tABLE ES-7 PRELiminARy ASSESSmEnt tooLS
tls/orgaa descrp uRL/Srce
tls r Assessg Blg Perrace
Prl maager (EnERGy
StAR)
Ebes ses e he es ee pee
d de p ppues.
assss ses pp he EnErgy Star be
es s 75 hhe.
http://www.energystar.gov/index.
cm?c = evaluate_perormance.
bus_portoliomanager
targe Fer (EnERGy StAR) aws ses ssess he des ew buds d
pe sus wh exs buds, bsed d
pded.
Heps se ee pee s d eee ee
des pjes.
http://www.energystar.gov/index.
cm?c = new_bldg_design.bus_
target_nder
Sall Bsess Calclar
(EnERGy StAR)
Eses s ee es d pe ee
s ss updes.
http://www.energystar.gov/
index.cm?c = small_business.
sb_calculate
LeCcle Cs Prgra
(naal ise Saars/teclg)
Ebes ses eue ee dess h he
hhe ss, us e-e s ehd.
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/
emp/inormation/download_blcc.html
Ess ier tls
Clea Ar a Clae Prec
Sare (naal Assca
Clea Ar Ageces)
tks ess edus d ess esss
ppsed edu esues.
Deeps ee bsee e.
http://www.cacpsotware.org/
Greese Gas Eqaleces
Calclar (u.S. EPA)
tses gHg edus es h e ese
epuze. Ses s use he u
eese.
http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/
energy-resources/calculator.html
eGRid (u.S. EPA) aws ses b pwe ps.
Deep esss ees buds.
http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/
egrid/index.htm
Sae ier tl (u.S. EPA;
er eelpe)
Ebes ses deep gHg esss ees http://www.epa.gov/
climatechange/wycd/stateand
localgov/analyticaltools.html
Esss Frecasg tl (u.S.
EPA; er eelpe)
Ebes ses es busess-s-usu esss
huh 2020
http://www.epa.gov/
climatechange/wycd/stateand
localgov/analyticaltools.html
Eerg Sag tl
C Eerg oppr
Fer (Rc ma
ise)
Heps de pe u bees esu
ee ee updes d eewbe ee
ppues.
http://www.energynder.org
Facal a Ecc Aalss tl
Cas Fl oppr
Calclar (EnERGy StAR)
cues he u equpe h be puhsed
us ped ss.
cpes ss d w sh.
http://www.energystar.gov/ia/
business/co_calculator.xls
Clen Eneg Led b Eple Gde | ExECutivE Summary
http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=evaluate_performance.bus_portfoliomanagerhttp://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=evaluate_performance.bus_portfoliomanagerhttp://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=evaluate_performance.bus_portfoliomanagerhttp://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=new_bldg_design.bus_target_finderhttp://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=new_bldg_design.bus_target_finderhttp://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=new_bldg_design.bus_target_finderhttp://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=small_business.sb_calculatehttp://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=small_business.sb_calculatehttp://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=small_business.sb_calculatehttp://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/information/download_blcc.htmlhttp://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/information/download_blcc.htmlhttp://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/information/download_blcc.htmlhttp://www.cacpsoftware.org/http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-resources/calculator.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-resources/calculator.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/egrid/index.htmhttp://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/egrid/index.htmhttp://www.epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/stateandlocalgov/analyticaltools.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/stateandlocalgov/analyticaltools.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/stateandlocalgov/analyticaltools.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/stateandlocalgov/analyticaltools.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/stateandlocalgov/analyticaltools.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/stateandlocalgov/analyticaltools.htmlhttp://www.energyfinder.org/http://www.energystar.gov/ia/business/cfo_calculator.xlshttp://www.energystar.gov/ia/business/cfo_calculator.xlshttp://www.energystar.gov/ia/business/cfo_calculator.xlshttp://www.energystar.gov/ia/business/cfo_calculator.xlshttp://www.energyfinder.org/http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/stateandlocalgov/analyticaltools.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/stateandlocalgov/analyticaltools.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/stateandlocalgov/analyticaltools.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/stateandlocalgov/analyticaltools.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/stateandlocalgov/analyticaltools.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/stateandlocalgov/analyticaltools.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/egrid/index.htmhttp://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/egrid/index.htmhttp://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-resources/calculator.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-resources/calculator.htmlhttp://www.cacpsoftware.org/http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/information/download_blcc.htmlhttp://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/information/download_blcc.htmlhttp://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/information/download_blcc.htmlhttp://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=small_business.sb_calculatehttp://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=small_business.sb_calculatehttp://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=small_business.sb_calculatehttp://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=new_bldg_design.bus_target_finderhttp://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=new_bldg_design.bus_target_finderhttp://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=new_bldg_design.bus_target_finderhttp://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=evaluate_performance.bus_portfoliomanagerhttp://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=evaluate_performance.bus_portfoliomanagerhttp://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=evaluate_performance.bus_portfoliomanager -
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tABLE ES-8 kEy RESouRCES FoR dEvELoPinG An LBE PRoGRAm
Caper 2: LBE Aces a measres
daabases
Dbse Se iees reewbe Ee http://www.dsireusa.org/
DoE Se Ee P http://www.eere.energy.gov/state_energy_program/topic_denition_
detail.cm/topic = 115
Bes Pracces Resrces
EPa ENERGY STAR Building Upgrade Manual http://www.energystar.gov/index.cm?c=business.bus_upgrade_manual
EPa Clean Energy-Environment Guide to Action http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-programs/state-and-local/
state-best-practices.html
EPa ce Ee-Ee Se Peshp P
teh Fu
http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-programs/state-and-local/
state-orum.html
EPa ENERGY STAR Guidelines or Energy Management http://www.energystar.gov/index.cm?c = guidelines.guidelines_index
n ges ass cee Bes Pes http://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.50aeae570b817ae8ebb8
56a11010a0/
Caper 3: Esablsg e LBE Prgra Fraer
Eaples Sae Plas a Gace r ipleeg LBE Prgras
ceu Leading by Example Report http://ctclimatechange.com/StateActionPlan.html
ceu ce che Web se http://www.ctclimatechange.com/rb_rept.html
me ce gee Web Se http://www.maine.gov/cleangovt/
msshuses State Agency Sustainability Planning and
Implementation Guide
http://www.mass.gov/envir/Sustainable/pd/ss_guide_web.pd
new yk Green and Clean State Buildings and Vehicles
Guidelines Exeue ode 111
http://www.nyserda.org/programs/State_Government/
exorder111guidelines.pd
Sae Eece orers r iag LBE Prgras
msshuses Executive Order 484 http://www.mass.gov/Agov3/docs/Executive%20Orders/Leading%20
by%20Example%20EO.pd
v Executive Order 48 http://www.governor.virginia.gov/initiatives/ExecutiveOrders/pd/EO_48.
pd
Resrces r ipleeg LBE Prgras
c Local Energy Efciency Program Workbook http://www.caleep.com/workbook/workbook.htm
n ges ass Securing A Clean Energy
Future ie
http://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.751b18665e10b568a2781
10501010a0/?vgnextoid=080dd9ebe318110VgnVCM1000001a01010aRC
RD&vgnextchannel=92ebc7d618a2010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD
Caper 4: Screeg LBE Aces a measres
Caliornia Local Energy Efciency Program Workbook http://www.caleep.com/workbook/workbook.htm
Massachusetts State Agency Sustainability Planning and
Implementation Guide
http://www.mass.gov/envir/Sustainable/pd/ss_guide_web.pd
Colorado Greening Government Planning and
Implementation Guide
http://www.colorado.gov/greeninggovernment/guide/Guide.pd
ExECutivE Summary | Clen Eneg Led b Eple G
http://www.dsireusa.org/http://www.eere.energy.gov/state_energy_program/topic_definition_detail.cfm/topic=115http://www.eere.energy.gov/state_energy_program/topic_definition_detail.cfm/topic=115http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=business.bus_upgrade_manualhttp://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-programs/state-and-local/state-best-practices.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-programs/state-and-local/state-best-practices.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-programs/state-and-local/state-forum.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-programs/state-and-local/state-forum.htmlhttp://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=guidelines.guidelines_indexhttp://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.50aeae5ff70b817ae8ebb856a11010a0/http://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.50aeae5ff70b817ae8ebb856a11010a0/http://ctclimatechange.com/StateActionPlan.htmlhttp://www.ctclimatechange.com/rbf_rept.htmlhttp://www.maine.gov/cleangovt/http://www.mass.gov/envir/Sustainable/pdf/ss_guide_web.pdfhttp://www.nyserda.org/programs/State_Government/exorder111guidelines.pdfhttp://www.nyserda.org/programs/State_Government/exorder111guidelines.pdfhttp://www.mass.gov/Agov3/docs/Executive%20Orders/Leading%20by%20Example%20EO.pdfhttp://www.mass.gov/Agov3/docs/Executive%20Orders/Leading%20by%20Example%20EO.pdfhttp://www.governor.virginia.gov/initiatives/ExecutiveOrders/pdf/EO_48.pdfhttp://www.governor.virginia.gov/initiatives/ExecutiveOrders/pdf/EO_48.pdfhttp://www.caleep.com/workbook/workbook.htmhttp://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.751b186f65e10b568a278110501010a0/?vgnextoid=f080dd9ebe318110VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD&vgnextchannel=92ebc7df618a2010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRDhttp://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.751b186f65e10b568a278110501010a0/?vgnextoid=f080dd9ebe318110VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD&vgnextchannel=92ebc7df618a2010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRDhttp://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.751b186f65e10b568a278110501010a0/?vgnextoid=f080dd9ebe318110VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD&vgnextchannel=92ebc7df618a2010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRDhttp://www.caleep.com/workbook/workbook.htmhttp://www.mass.gov/envir/Sustainable/pdf/ss_guide_web.pdfhttp://www.colorado.gov/greeninggovernment/guide/Guide.pdfhttp://www.colorado.gov/greeninggovernment/guide/Guide.pdfhttp://www.mass.gov/envir/Sustainable/pdf/ss_guide_web.pdfhttp://www.caleep.com/workbook/workbook.htmhttp://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.751b186f65e10b568a278110501010a0/?vgnextoid=f080dd9ebe318110VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD&vgnextchannel=92ebc7df618a2010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRDhttp://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.751b186f65e10b568a278110501010a0/?vgnextoid=f080dd9ebe318110VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD&vgnextchannel=92ebc7df618a2010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRDhttp://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.751b186f65e10b568a278110501010a0/?vgnextoid=f080dd9ebe318110VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD&vgnextchannel=92ebc7df618a2010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRDhttp://www.caleep.com/workbook/workbook.htmhttp://www.governor.virginia.gov/initiatives/ExecutiveOrders/pdf/EO_48.pdfhttp://www.governor.virginia.gov/initiatives/ExecutiveOrders/pdf/EO_48.pdfhttp://www.mass.gov/Agov3/docs/Executive%20Orders/Leading%20by%20Example%20EO.pdfhttp://www.mass.gov/Agov3/docs/Executive%20Orders/Leading%20by%20Example%20EO.pdfhttp://www.nyserda.org/programs/State_Government/exorder111guidelines.pdfhttp://www.nyserda.org/programs/State_Government/exorder111guidelines.pdfhttp://www.mass.gov/envir/Sustainable/pdf/ss_guide_web.pdfhttp://www.maine.gov/cleangovt/http://www.ctclimatechange.com/rbf_rept.htmlhttp://ctclimatechange.com/StateActionPlan.htmlhttp://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.50aeae5ff70b817ae8ebb856a11010a0/http://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.50aeae5ff70b817ae8ebb856a11010a0/http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=guidelines.guidelines_indexhttp://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-programs/state-and-local/state-forum.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-programs/state-and-local/state-forum.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-programs/state-and-local/state-best-practices.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-programs/state-and-local/state-best-practices.htmlhttp://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=business.bus_upgrade_manualhttp://www.eere.energy.gov/state_energy_program/topic_definition_detail.cfm/topic=115http://www.eere.energy.gov/state_energy_program/topic_definition_detail.cfm/topic=115http://www.dsireusa.org/ -
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Caper 5: deelpg a Cpreese LBE Prgra
EPa EnErgy Star ie F Sus: Fd
me yu Ee Ee Pjes
http://www.energystar.gov/ia/business/COO-CFO_Paper_nal.pd
new yk gee ad ce Se Buds d vehes
gudees
http://www.nyserda.org/programs/State_Government/
exorder111guidelines.pd
gee c Web se http://www.green.ca.gov/deault.htm
cd gee gee Web se http://www.colorado.gov/greeninggovernment/index.html
Caper 6: tracg, Ealag, a Reprg LBE Prgra Prgress
EPa mde Ee Ee P ip Eu
gude
http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/documents/evaluation_guide.pd
lBnl mesuee d ve Dues http://ateam.lbl.gov/mv/
c teh, mehd, d rep
requees Eu Pesss
http://www.calmac.org/publications/EvaluatorsProtocols_Final_
AdoptedviaRuling_06-19-2006.pd
DoE ip Eu Fewk teh
Depe Ps
http://www.eere.energy.gov/ba/pba/km_portal/docs/pd/2007/impact_
ramework_tech_deploy_2007_main.pd
new yk Exeue ode n. 111 gee ad ce Se
Buds d vehes au Ee rep
http://www.nyserda.org/programs/pds/execorder111nalreport7-03.pd
tABLE ES-8 kEy RESouRCES FoR dEvELoPinG An LBE PRoGRAm (cont.)
Clen Eneg Led b Eple Gde | ExECutivE Summary
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ExECutivE Summary | Clen Eneg Led b Eple G
http://www.newamerica.net/files/MAClimateProtPlan0504.pdfhttp://www.newamerica.net/files/MAClimateProtPlan0504.pdfhttp://www.newamerica.net/files/MAClimateProtPlan0504.pdfhttp://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-programs/napee/resources/action-plan.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-programs/napee/resources/action-plan.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/documents/vision.pdfhttp://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/documents/vision.pdfhttp://www.naseo.org/tforces/energystar/casestudies/http://www.naseo.org/tforces/energystar/casestudies/http://www.ceere.org/rerl/about_wind/RERL_Case_Study_Hull_Wind_One.pdfhttp://www.ceere.org/rerl/about_wind/RERL_Case_Study_Hull_Wind_One.pdfhttp://www.census.gov/govs/estimate/0600ussl_1.htmlhttp://www.census.gov/govs/estimate/0600ussl_1.htmlhttp://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/info/plan/financing/additional.htmlhttp://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/info/plan/financing/additional.htmlhttp://www.nyserda.org/programs/exorder111.asphttp://www.nyserda.org/programs/exorder111.asphttp://www.nyserda.org/programs/pdfs/execorder111finalreport11-05.pdfhttp://www.nyserda.org/programs/pdfs/execorder111finalreport11-05.pdfhttp://www.eere.energy.gov/greenpower/markets/index.shtmlhttp://www.eere.energy.gov/greenpower/markets/index.shtmlhttp://www.eere.energy.gov/state_energy_program/topic_definition_detail.cfm/topic%20=%20115http://www.eere.energy.gov/state_energy_program/topic_definition_detail.cfm/topic%20=%20115http://www.eere.energy.gov/state_energy_program/topic_definition_detail.cfm/topic%20=%20115http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/highperformance/design_approach.html#benefitshttp://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/highperformance/design_approach.html#benefitshttp://www.epa.gov/greenpower/buygreenpower/guide.htmhttp://www.epa.gov/greenpower/buygreenpower/guide.htmhttp://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=business.bus_upgrade_manualhttp://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=business.bus_upgrade_manualhttp://www.keystone.org/spp/documents/12_8High%20Perf%20Green%20Bldgs%20Background_Final.dochttp://www.keystone.org/spp/documents/12_8High%20Perf%20Green%20Bldgs%20Background_Final.dochttp://epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/waste/downloads/Energy%20Savings.pdfhttp://epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/waste/downloads/Energy%20Savings.pdfhttp://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/stateandlocal/guidetoaction.htmhttp://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-and-you/affect/air-emissions.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-and-you/affect/air-emissions.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/chp/basic/efficiency.htmlhttp://www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/pt_awards/2006_Achievements_Overview.pdfhttp://www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/pt_awards/2006_Achievements_Overview.pdfhttp://www.epa.gov/greenpower/whatis/renewableenergy.htmhttp://www.epa.gov/greenpower/whatis/renewableenergy.htmhttp://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=bulk_purchasing.bus_purchasing_key_benefitshttp://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=bulk_purchasing.bus_purchasing_key_benefitshttp://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-and-you/affect/air-emissions.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-and-you/affect/air-emissions.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-and-you/affect/air-emissions.htmlhttp://www.eere.energy.gov/state_energy_program/topic_definition_detail.cfm/topic%20=%20115http://www.eere.energy.gov/state_energy_program/topic_definition_detail.cfm/topic%20=%20115http://www.eere.energy.gov/state_energy_program/topic_definition_detail.cfm/topic%20=%20115http://www.eere.energy.gov/greenpower/markets/index.shtmlhttp://www.eere.energy.gov/greenpower/markets/index.shtmlhttp://www.nyserda.org/programs/pdfs/execorder111finalreport11-05.pdfhttp://www.nyserda.org/programs/pdfs/execorder111finalreport11-05.pdfhttp://www.nyserda.org/programs/exorder111.asphttp://www.nyserda.org/programs/exorder111.asphttp://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/info/plan/financing/additional.htmlhttp://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/info/plan/financing/additional.htmlhttp://www.census.gov/govs/estimate/0600ussl_1.htmlhttp://www.census.gov/govs/estimate/0600ussl_1.htmlhttp://www.ceere.org/rerl/about_wind/RERL_Case_Study_Hull_Wind_One.pdfhttp://www.ceere.org/rerl/about_wind/RERL_Case_Study_Hull_Wind_One.pdfhttp://www.naseo.org/tforces/energystar/casestudies/http://www.naseo.org/tforces/energystar/casestudies/http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/documents/vision.pdfhttp://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/documents/vision.pdfhttp://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-programs/napee/resources/action-plan.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-programs/napee/resources/action-plan.htmlhttp://www.newamerica.net/files/MAClimateProtPlan0504.pdfhttp://www.newamerica.net/files/MAClimateProtPlan0504.pdfhttp://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-and-you/affect/air-emissions.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-and-you/affect/air-emissions.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-and-you/affect/air-emissions.htmlhttp://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=bulk_purchasing.bus_purchasing_key_benefitshttp://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=bulk_purchasing.bus_purchasing_key_benefitshttp://www.epa.gov/greenpower/whatis/renewableenergy.htmhttp://www.epa.gov/greenpower/whatis/renewableenergy.htmhttp://www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/pt_awards/2006_Achievements_Overview.pdfhttp://www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/pt_awards/2006_Achievements_Overview.pdfhttp://www.epa.gov/chp/basic/efficiency.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-and-you/affect/air-emissions.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-and-you/affect/air-emissions.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/stateandlocal/guidetoaction.htmhttp://epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/waste/downloads/Energy%20Savings.pdfhttp://epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/waste/downloads/Energy%20Savings.pdfhttp://www.keystone.org/spp/documents/12_8High%20Perf%20Green%20Bldgs%20Background_Final.dochttp://www.keystone.org/spp/documents/12_8High%20Perf%20Green%20Bldgs%20Background_Final.dochttp://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=business.bus_upgrade_manualhttp://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=business.bus_upgrade_manualhttp://www.epa.gov/greenpower/buygreenpower/guide.htmhttp://www.epa.gov/greenpower/buygreenpower/guide.htmhttp://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/highperformance/design_approach.html#benefitshttp://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/highperformance/design_approach.html#benefits 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U.S. EPA. 2008b. Green Choices Grow with ENERGYSAR Qualified Buildings. Available: http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.ns/1e7cd36224b565785257359003533/1e156a04a68baa30852573ed005bea4e!OpenDocument. Accessed 5/8/2008.
U.S. EPA. 2008c. Greenhouse Gas Equivalences Cal-culator. Available: http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/
energy-resources/calculator.html. Accessed (at ormerlocation - Climate echnology Cooperation Gatewayhttp://www.usctcgateway.net/tool/): 12/14/2006.
U.S. EPA. 2008d. Water and Energy: Leveraging Volun-tary Programs to Save Both Water and Energy. March.Prepared or the Climate Protection Partnerships Divi-sion. Available: http://www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/publications/pubdocs/Final%20Report%20Mar%202008.pd. Accessed: 7/18/2008.
U.S. EPA. Undated. ENERGY SAR in Local and
State Government Good or Your Budget and theEnvironment. Available: http://www.energystar.gov/ia/business/bulk_purchasing/Govt_FactSheet.pd. Ac-cessed 4/17/2008.
Watergy. 2002. Watergy: Taking Advantage o Un-tapped Energy and Water Eciency Opportunitiesin Municipal Water Systems.Available: http://www.watergy.org/resources/publications/watergysummary.pd. Accessed 4/19/2007.
Wiser, R., M. Bolinger, and M. St. Clair. 2005. Easing
the Natural Gas Crisis: Reducing Natural Gas Pricesthrough Increased Deployment o Renewable Energyand Energy Eciency. Lawrence Berkeley NationalLaboratory. Prepared or U.S. DOE. Available: http://www.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Archive/sabl/2005/Febru-ary/assets/Natural-Gas.pd. Accessed 3/19/2007.
Clen Eneg Led b Eple Gde | ExECutivE Summary
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Chapter one
Idci
M se emes e
s le ee Le b
Emle LBE ms se
ee me ee
eese s emsss ss
e les, es, ees.
Tese LBE programs also demonstrate leadership onenergy and environmental issues, raise public aware-ness o the benets o clean energy technologies, im-prove air quality, improve energy supply and reliability,and oster markets or environmentally preerableproducts and services.
Te LBE Guide provides inormation to assist stategovernments as they develop and implement eectiveLBE programs to achieve clean energy goals. It presentsstrategies, resources, and tools that state decision mak-ers can use throughout the process.
State governments across the nation are pursuing cleanenergy policies and programs to help meet the growingdemand or energy and to address the environmental,
public health, and nancial challenges associated withconventional energy generation and use. Advancingclean energy can provide many benets includingreduced energy costs, lower emissions o air pollutantsand greenhouse gases (GHGs), increased uel diversity,and improved reliability and security o the energysystem (U.S. EPA, 2006b).
A key strategy or state governments is implementingclean energy activities and measures in their acilities,
Chapter One | Cl egy Ld by eml G
What Is Clean energy?
Clean energy incldes demand- and spply-side
resorces that are less pollting ways to meet energy
demand. Clean energy resorces inclde:
e cic reers to sing less energy toprovide the same or improved level o service to the
energy consmer in an economically ecient way.
Energy eciency measres inclde a wide variety o
technologies and processes, and can be implemented
across all major energy-consming sectors.
rwb energy generated partially or
entirely rom non-depleting energy sorces or direct
end se or electricity generation. Renewable energy
denitions vary by state, bt sally inclde wind, solar,
and geothermal energy. Some states also consider low-
impact or small hydro, biomass, biogas, and waste-to-
energy to be renewable energy sorces. Renewable
energy can be generated on site or at a central station.
Cbid d w Chp also known as
cogeneration, CHP is a clean, ecient technology that
improves the conversion eciency o traditional energy
systems by sing waste heat rom electricity generation
to prodce thermal energy or heating or cooling in
commercial or indstrial acilities. CHP systems typically
achieve 60% to 75% el se eciencies, which is a
signicantly higher than those o conventional power
plants.
C diibd i Dg reers to non
centralizedsally small-scalerenewable energy and
CHP.
For more inormation, visit the U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgencys (EPAs) Clean Energy Web site (http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy) and the ENERGY STAR Web site (http://www.energystar.gov/).
http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergyhttp://www.epa.gov/cleanenergyhttp://www.energystar.gov/http://www.energystar.gov/http://www.energystar.gov/http://www.energystar.gov/http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergyhttp://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy -
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operations, and eets. Tese lead by example (LBE)programs requently include actions such as:
Improving how buildings are operated and maintained
to maximize energy eciency,
Procuring energy-ecient products, and
Purchasing green power.
In addition to the energy, environmental, and nancialbenets o LBE programs, states are demonstratingleadership on clean energy issues and documentingthe economic easibility o clean energy strategies. Tishelps to develop markets or clean energy technologiesand services, raises awareness o clean energy oppor-tunities, and promotes the adoption o clean energymeasures in other sectors o the state economy.
o pursue these benets, states may need to overcomeseveral persistent market barriers that limit investment
in clean energy programs. Tese barriers include:
Limited knowledge about clean energy or LBE
programs,
Limited high-level and agency-level support,
Insucient unding, and
Insucient sta availability.
Te Lead by Example Guide is designed to help statesovercome these barriers. It provides a compilation o
inormation to assist governments in developing theirLBE programs, including step-by-step guidance, ex-amples o successul state and local LBE programs, andresources and tools targeted at key LBE activities. Anoverview o the LBEGuide is presented in this sectionand includes:
Background on the importance o LBE programs as
part o state clean energy eorts,
Te key LBE activities that state governments are suc-
cessully implementing,
Te major benets associated with LBE programs, and
An overview o how the Guide is structured and theLBE program development and implementation pro-cess, and
A list o the state and local government examples pro-
vided in the LBE Guide.
1.1 lBe Is a CrItICal
state Clean energy polICy
Leading by example is a key policy option or statesseeking to achieve clean energy goals. Te LBE Guideis an important next step in EPAs eorts to assist stateas they develop clean energy strategies or their ownacilities and operations. It extends and supports two
other recent state policy assistance documents:
EPAs Clean Energy-Environment Guide to Action,which describes and provides inormation on sixteenclean energy policies, including LBE (U.S. EPA, 2006).
National Action Plan or Energy Eciency (Action
Plan), which is a private-public initiative designed toovercome barriers to energy eciency. Te ActionPlans implementation ramework the Vision or 2025 denes ten implementation goals or achieving allcost-eective energy eciency by 2025, recognizes LBprograms as an important component o this goal, anduses the presence o a strong state LBE program as anindication o progress towards achieving this goal (seetext box on page 1-3) (NAPEE, 2006, NAPEE, 2007).Te Vision also highlights the value o LBE strategiesas an option or leveraging purchasing power, controlo signicant energy-using resources, and the high visibility o public acilities to demonstrate clean energytechnologies and approaches that lower energy costsand reduce emissions. It urther stresses that strongLBE programs involve establishing goals and processe
necessary or program implementation and periodicreporting on progress.
Te LBEGuide is oered as a tool to assist states andlocal governments in making progress towards theirgoals, consistent with the goals and recommendationso these documents.
the lBe guIDe anD loCal governments
While the LBE Gide is designed primarily to assist states
in planning, implementing, developing, and operatingcomprehensive LBE programs, local governments can also
benet rom the Gide. Like states, mnicipalities are also
actively involved in developing clean energy LBE programs,
althogh specic program activities and isses may dier.
While this Gide ocses on how states can develop LBE
programs, it also highlights examples o local LBE activities that
states can adopt and describes how certain state activities are
relevant to local governments.
Cl egy Ld by eml Gd | Chapter One
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1.2 What state
governments Can Do
State LBE activities typically fall into one of the fol-
lowing areas:
Improve the energy eciency o existing and1.new government-owned and -leased acilities.State governments operate many acilities, includingoce buildings, public schools, colleges, and universi-ties, which consume large amounts o energy. Tesegovernments are responsible or more than 16 billionsquare eet o building space and spend more than $11billion annually on building energy costs, which canaccount or as much as 10% o a typical governmentsannual operating budget (U.S. DOE, 2007). Improvingenergy eciency in these structures can substantiallyreduce energy consumption, decrease GHG and airpollutant emissions, and lead to economic and other
benets. In addition, states can assist local govern-ments, which can, in turn, reach out to assist theircommunities in improving building energy eciency.
Integrate energy eciency and renewable energy2.measures in green buildings. Te planning, design,and construction process or new and renovated build-ings oers opportunities to integrate energy eciencyeatures with additional measures that achieve envi-ronmental and health benets (e.g., purchasing greenpower, developing on-site renewable energy, selectingsustainable sites, using recycled-content materials,
and landscaping to reduce water and energy use).Implementing energy eciency and renewable energymeasures are key ways to reduce GHG emissions anddecrease the carbon ootprint o new state acilities.By making this link between energy eciency, renew-able energy, and climate change, states are in a betterposition to achieve results and gain support or theirprograms.
Procure energy-ecient products.3. Energy-ecientproduct procurement can be a cornerstone o a states
overall energy management strategy. State and lo-cal governments spend $50 to $70 billion a year topurchase energy-related products, and could save acombined total o more than $750 million annuallythrough energy-ecient product procurement (CEE,2004; Harris et al., 2004; U.S. DOE, 2006.) Tis can beparticularly helpul or ostering the development oin-state markets or clean energy products.
the natIonal aCtIon plan or energy
eICIenCy anD vIsIon or 2025: aChIevIng all
Cost-eeCtIve energy eICIenCy By 2025
The National Action Plan or Energy Eciency (Action
Plan) recognizes that improving energy eciency in
or homes, bsinesses, schools, governments, and
indstries which consme more than 70% o thenatral gas and electricity needs in the contry is
one o the most constrctive, cost-eective ways
to address or nations energy challenges. The
Action Plan, developed in Jly 2006 by more than 50
leading organizations representing key stakeholder
perspectives, describes policy recommendations or
creating a sstainable, aggressive national commitment
to energy eciency throgh gas and electric tilities,
tility reglators, and partner organizations.
In 2007, Action Plan leaders dened a vision that
provides the ramework or implementing the Action
Plan. This Vision establishes a goal o achieving all
cost-eective energy eciency by 2025; describes
ten implementation goals or states, tilities, and other
stakeholders; describes what 2025 might look like i the
goal is achieved; and provides a means or measring
progress. The ten Vision goals are:
Establish cost-eective energy eciency as a high-1.
priority resorce.
Develop processes to align tilities incentives eqally or2.
eciency and spply resorces.
Establish cost-eectiveness tests.3.
Establish evalation, measrement, and verication4.
mechanisms.
Establish eective energy eciency delivery5.mechanisms.
Develop state policies to ensre robst energy eciency6.
practices.
Key step: Develop and implement lead-by-example
energy eciency programs at the state and local levels.
Align cstomer pricing and incentives to encorage7.
investment in energy eciency.
Establish state o the art billing systems.8.
Implement state o the art eciency inormation sharing9.
and delivery systems.
Implement advanced technologies.10.Web site: http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/documents/vision.pd
Chapter One | Cl egy Ld by eml G
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Purchase green power.4. Green power is electricity pro-duced rom renewable sources (e.g., wind, solar, biogas,biomass, low-impact hydro, and geothermal resources)that is produced with no man-made GHG emissions,has a superior environmental prole compared to con-ventional power generation, and was built afer January1, 1997.1 By choosing to purchase green power, statescan reduce reliance on conventional ossil uel-based
energy, which can help stabilize energy prices andreduce GHG emissions. Increased use o green power
can also provide economic benets and improve na-tional security.
Use clean energy supply technologies.5. Clean energygeneration technologies, such as on-site wind and photovoltaic (PV) systems and clean DG and CHP, provida clean energy alternative to conventional uels thatreduces the amount o energy lost in transmission rom
source to site, thereby reducing total energy demand,and lowers emissions o GHG and air pollutants. In-creasing use o clean energy supply can also help stategovernments hedge against volatile ossil uel-basedenergy prices.
Implement other energy-saving opportunities.6.Implementing other environmental activities, such asrecycling, water eciency, and sustainable landscapingactivities, requently has the secondary eect o reduc-ing energy use. For example, using products made
rom recycled or renewable materials through non-energy-intensive methods can prevent unnecessarydepletion o natural resources and re