STEPPER MOTOR CONTROL THROUGH WIRELESS

Submitted by

(RAVI KUMAR,ASHWANI GARG,VINOD KUMAR,MANOJ GOSWAMI.VIBHOOTI KUMAR SINHA)FOURTH YEAR

ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATION

Guided by

Mr. Aman dua , Mrs. Shiva JaiswalLECTURER

(ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATION)

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ROORKEEROORKEE – 247 667

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We express our deepest thanks toWe express our deepest thanks toMr. AMAN DUA Mr. AMAN DUA

Project GuideProject Guide LecturerLecturer Ms.DIVYA ARORAMs.DIVYA ARORA

Project CoordinatorProject Coordinator , , LecturerLecturer

Mr. B D PATELMr. B D PATEL Head of Electronics & Telecom DeptHead of Electronics & Telecom Dept

College of Engineering Roorkee ,RoorkeeCollege of Engineering Roorkee ,Roorkee

OUR PROJECTOUR PROJECT

OBJECTIVE-:To control stepper motor by OBJECTIVE-:To control stepper motor by computer interface as well as by wirelesscomputer interface as well as by wireless

INTRODUCTION-:Project is based on INTRODUCTION-:Project is based on 1)microcontroller programming 1)microcontroller programming

2)driver circuit interface with micro-controller 2)driver circuit interface with micro-controller

3)interfacing of keyboard3)interfacing of keyboard

4) interfacing of wireless control4) interfacing of wireless control

5)LCD deployment to watch change in speed5)LCD deployment to watch change in speed

stepper motor performance stepper motor performance characteristiccharacteristic

Rotation in both directionsRotation in both directions

Precision angular incremental changesPrecision angular incremental changes

Repetition of accurate motion Repetition of accurate motion

A holding torque at zero speed A holding torque at zero speed

Capability for digital control.Capability for digital control.

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PROJECTBLOCK DIAGRAM OF PROJECT

USERUSERINTERFACEINTERFACE INDEXERINDEXER DRIVERDRIVER MOTORMOTOR

HIGH LEVELHIGH LEVELCOMMANDSCOMMANDS

STEP PULSESSTEP PULSES MOTOR MOTOR CURRENTCURRENT

Specification of the project Specification of the project modelmodel

IndexerIndexer is a micro-controller(AT89C51 ) is a micro-controller(AT89C51 )

DriverDriver (ULN2803A ) converts the indexer (ULN2803A ) converts the indexer command signals into the power necessary to command signals into the power necessary to energize the motor windingsenergize the motor windings

Step Motor(UNIPOLAR)Step Motor(UNIPOLAR) is an electromagnetic is an electromagnetic device that converts digital pulses into device that converts digital pulses into mechanical shaft rotation mechanical shaft rotation

Computer Interfacing (serial port)Computer Interfacing (serial port)

LCDLCD

STEPPER MOTORSTEPPER MOTOR

BrushlessBrushlessSynchronous electric motorSynchronous electric motordivide a full rotation into a large number of divide a full rotation into a large number of stepssteps stepper motor uses an open loop with no stepper motor uses an open loop with no feedback, position being determined by a feedback, position being determined by a software counter in the controlling software counter in the controlling computer. computer. Rotation in both directions Rotation in both directions

INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF STEPPER MOTOR

F=i (dl x B)

ROTOR (permanent magnet)

TEETH (to define precise rotation

STATOR(carry coil for current Flow)

How stepper motor works?How stepper motor works?

Stepper motor converts electrical pulses into specific rotational movements

Hence ,Torque is generated by alternately magnetizing the stator teeth electrically, and permanent magnet rotor teeth try to align up with stator teeth

One Phase Steps

One Phase On Mode (Full Step mode)

One Phase On Steps Sequence

MICROCONTROLLERMICROCONTROLLER

Special purpose computers Special purpose computers

Dedicated to one task (i.e. no multi Dedicated to one task (i.e. no multi tasking)tasking)

Low-power device.Low-power device.

It has a dedicated input device.It has a dedicated input device.

In our project we are using AT89C51 In our project we are using AT89C51 MICROCONTROLLER MICROCONTROLLER

AT89C51 MICROCONTROLLERAT89C51 MICROCONTROLLER

CMOS 8-bit.CMOS 8-bit.

4K bytes of Flash programmable and erasable 4K bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). read only memory (PEROM).

““AT” represents Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile AT” represents Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology.memory technology.

Power consumption of 50 mWPower consumption of 50 mW

Compatible with MCS-51 instruction setCompatible with MCS-51 instruction set

Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHzFully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz

Continued..Continued..

Continued..Continued..

128 x 8-Bit Internal RAM128 x 8-Bit Internal RAM Two 16-Bit Timer/CountersTwo 16-Bit Timer/Counters Six Interrupt SourcesSix Interrupt Sources 32 Programmable I/O Lines32 Programmable I/O Lines

ULN 2803 DRIVERULN 2803 DRIVER

suited for interfacing between low-level suited for interfacing between low-level logic circuitry and multiple peripheral logic circuitry and multiple peripheral power loadspower loads

USERUSERINTERFACEINTERFACE

INDEXERINDEXER DRIVERDRIVER MOTORMOTOR

HIGH LEVELHIGH LEVELCOMMANDSCOMMANDS

STEP STEP PULSESPULSES

MOTOR MOTOR CURRENTCURRENT

Internal architecture of ULN2803Internal architecture of ULN2803

Seven open collector darlington pairs with Seven open collector darlington pairs with common emitters .common emitters .

500mA to each of the seven drivers , Output 500mA to each of the seven drivers , Output voltage to 95 V .voltage to 95 V .

power loads totaling over 230 W we can connect power loads totaling over 230 W we can connect to it.to it.

Each channel rated at 500mAand can withstand Each channel rated at 500mAand can withstand peak currents of 600mA(i.e. it is highly reliable) peak currents of 600mA(i.e. it is highly reliable)

TTL, DTL, PMOS or CMOS-Compatible Inputs TTL, DTL, PMOS or CMOS-Compatible Inputs

REGULATORREGULATOR

LM78XX LM78XX

available in the TO-220/D-PAK package available in the TO-220/D-PAK package

fixed output voltages fixed output voltages

thermal shut down and safe operating area thermal shut down and safe operating area protection protection

Output Current up to 1A Output Current up to 1A

Output Voltages of 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24V Output Voltages of 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24V

Short Circuit Protection Short Circuit Protection

LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAYLIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY

Hitachi's HD44780 Hitachi's HD44780

It has 1 controller with14 Pins It has 1 controller with14 Pins

configurations of 8x1 characters, 16x2, configurations of 8x1 characters, 16x2, and 20x4 . The largest such configuration and 20x4 . The largest such configuration is 40x4 characters.we are using 8x1 LCDis 40x4 characters.we are using 8x1 LCD

IC CD40106

HEX Schmitt Trigger (NOT Gate)

Features

• Wide supply voltage range:3V to 15V

• High noise immunity: 0.7VDD

• Low power TTL compatibility

• Hysteresis 0.4VDD & 0.2VDD guaranteed

• Hysteresis 0.4VDD & 0.2VDD guaranteed

9

7-

8

+

14

COMPUTER INTERFACINGCOMPUTER INTERFACING

We can connect our project to serial port We can connect our project to serial port of computer and can control the speed of it of computer and can control the speed of it using keyboard.using keyboard.Serial portsSerial ports areare typically identified on IBM typically identified on IBM compatible computers as COM ports compatible computers as COM ports It folllows synchronous data link It folllows synchronous data link standard(RS 232)standard(RS 232)serial communicationserial communication is the process of is the process of sending data sending data one bit at one timeone bit at one time

SERIAL Vs PARALLEL COMM.SERIAL Vs PARALLEL COMM.

TRANSCEIVERTRANSCEIVER

transceivertransceiver is a device that has both a is a device that has both a transmittertransmitter and a and a receiverreceiver

An electronic switch allows the transmitter and An electronic switch allows the transmitter and receiver to be connected to the same antenna. receiver to be connected to the same antenna.

it is impossible to receive signals while it is impossible to receive signals while transmitting (called half duplex comm. )transmitting (called half duplex comm. )

Some transceivers are designed to allow Some transceivers are designed to allow reception of signals during transmission periods reception of signals during transmission periods (called full duplex comm.) (called full duplex comm.) contd..contd..

contd..contd..

A logic 0 is represented voltage +3V to +15VDC A logic 0 is represented voltage +3V to +15VDC and a logic 1 is represented by -3VDC to -and a logic 1 is represented by -3VDC to -15VDC.15VDC.

250kbps Operation250kbps Operation

Low Power: 60mW Low Power: 60mW

RS232 CompatibleRS232 Compatible

High Impedance High Impedance

State When Off or State When Off or

Powered Down Powered Down

This PROJECT can be used perfectly in many areas.This PROJECT can be used perfectly in many areas.

This device is easy to implement in hardware and software means.This device is easy to implement in hardware and software means.

This circuit is cost effective, consume less power and take minimum This circuit is cost effective, consume less power and take minimum space.space.

CONCLUSION

Block diagram of transmitter Block diagram of transmitter sectionsection

AntennaAntenna

27MHz27MHz

AMPLIFIERMODULATORENCODER ICINPUT KEY

CARRIER WAVE GENERATOR

Block diagram of receiver sectionBlock diagram of receiver section

CLOCK GENERATORCONTROL LOGICDECODERRECEIVER

STEPPER MOTOR

DRIVER

LCD

12 V SUPPLY

PROJECT COMPONENTSPROJECT COMPONENTS

MICRO CONTROLLERAT89C51

TRANCEIVERMAX 232 N

ULN2803ADRIVER

REGULATORLM7805

STEPPER MOTOR

POTENTIOMETER TRANSFORMER

CLOCK GENERATORCD40106

LCDHD44780

FUTURE OF OUR PROJECTFUTURE OF OUR PROJECT

Places where we need precise position to Places where we need precise position to be displaced E.g.:be displaced E.g.:

1)Machine tools1)Machine tools

2)Disk drives (Hard disk, Floppy Drive)2)Disk drives (Hard disk, Floppy Drive)

3)Printers3)Printers

4)Robotics4)Robotics

THE ENDTHE END

THANKS YOU ALLTHANKS YOU ALL