stephen e. lucas c h a p t e r mcgraw-hill© 2004 stephen e. lucas. all rights reserved. 4 selecting...
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Stephen E. Lucas
C H A P T E R
McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
4
Selecting a Topic and Purpose
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Slide 2
McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Topic
The subject of a speech.
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Slide 3
McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Brainstorming
A method of generating ideas for speech topics by free association of words and ideas.
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Slide 4
McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
General Purpose
The broad goal of a speech.
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Slide 5
McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Specific Purpose Statement
A single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in his or her speech.
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Slide 6
McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Guidelines for the Specific Purpose Statement
• Write as a full infinitive phrase
• Express as a statement, not as a question
• Avoid figurative language
• Limit to one distinct idea
• Avoid being too vague or general
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Slide 7
McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Write the Specific Purpose as a
Full Infinitive Phrase
Ineffective: Calendars
More Effective: To inform my audience about the four major kinds of calendars used in the world today.
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Slide 8
McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Express the Specific Purposeas a
Statement, Not as a Question
Ineffective: Is the U.S. space program necessary?
More Effective: To persuade my audience thatthe U.S. space program provides many important benefits to people here on earth.
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Slide 9
McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Avoid Figurative Language in the
Specific Purpose Statement
Ineffective: To inform my audience that yoga is extremely cool.
More effective: To inform my audience how yoga can improve their health.
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Slide 10
McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Limit the Specific Purpose to
One Distinct Idea
Ineffective: To persuade my audience to become literacy tutors and to donate time to Habitat for Humanity.
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Slide 11
McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
More effective: To persuade my audience to become literacy tutors.
More effective: To persuade my audience to donate time to Habitat for Humanity.
OR
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Slide 12
McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Be Sure the Specific PurposeIs Not
Too Vague or General
Ineffective: To inform my audience about the Civil War.
More Effective: To inform my audience about the role of African-American soldiers in the Civil War.
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Slide 13
McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Questions to Ask About Your Specific Purpose
• Does my purpose meet the assignment?
• Can I accomplish my purpose in the time allotted?
• Is the purpose relevant to my audience?
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Slide 14
McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Questions to Ask about Your Specific Purpose
• Is the purpose too trivial for my audience?
• Is the purpose too technical for my audience?
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Slide 15
McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Central Idea
A one-sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates the major ideas of a speech.
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Slide 16
McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Guidelines for the Central Idea
• Express as a full sentence
• Do not express as a question
• Avoid figurative language
• Do not be vague or overly general
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Slide 17
McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Make Sure the Central Idea is Not Too General
Ineffective: Paying college athletes a salary is a good idea.
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Slide 18
McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
More Effective: Because college athletes in revenue-producing sports such as football and basketball generate millions of dollars in revenue for their schools, the NCAA should allow such athletes to receive a $250 monthly salary as part of their
scholarships.
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Slide 19
McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
State the Central Idea as a Complete Sentence
Ineffective: Uses of the laser.
More Effective: The laser is a highly versatile device with important uses inmedicine, industry, art, and communications.
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Slide 20
McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
State the Central Idea as a Statement,
Not as a Question
Ineffective: How does indoor soccer differ from outdoor soccer?
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Slide 21
McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
More Effective: Played on a smaller, enclosed field that resembles a hockey rink with artificial turf, indoorsoccer involves faster action, more scoring, and different strategies than outdoor soccer.
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Slide 22
McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Avoid Figurative Language in the Central Idea
Ineffective: Mexico’s Yucatan peninsula is an awesome place for a vacation.
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Slide 23
McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
More Effective: Mexico’s Yucatan peninsula has many attractions for vacationers, including a warm climate, excellent food, and extensive Mayan ruins.
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Slide 24
McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
General Purpose: To inform
Specific Purpose: To inform my audienceof the three major racesin alpine skiing.
Central Idea: The three major races in alpine skiing are the downhill, the slalom, and the giant slalom.
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Slide 25
McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Main Points: I. The first major race in alpine skiing is
the downhill.
II. The second major race in alpine skiing is the
slalom.
III. The third major race in alpine skiing is
the giant slalom.
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Slide 26
McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Stephen E. Lucas C H A P T E R McGraw-Hill© 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. 5 Analyzing…
The McGraw-Hill Companies © 2009 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. chapter 1 Speaking in Public