stephen yurek - ahri - superare gli attuali refrigeranti
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A Global Approach to Transitioning to Lower GWP Refrigerants
Stephen YurekPresident and CEO
Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute
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Refrigerants Are Vital
Used in Air-conditioning,− Vital for personal health, comfort, and
well-beingUsed in Refrigeration− Prolong life of perishable food− Keep life-saving medicines safe
Improve− Health, productivity, and safety
Save− Lives
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Economics Working
Paper Series
Adapting to Climate Change: The Remarkable Decline in the
U.S. Temperature-Mortality Re la tio nship Over the 20th C e ntury
Alan Barreca Karen Clay Olivier
Deschenes Michael Greenstone J oseph
S. Shapiro
Working Paper 12-29 December 20, 2012
Room E52-251 50 Memorial Drive
Cambridge, MA 02142
This paper can be downloaded without charge from the Social Science Research Network Paper Collection at http://ssrn.com /abstract=2192245
Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2192245
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Things to think about:
Maintaining refrigerant choice
Evaluating refrigerant characteristics for informed choices
Making transition predictable, smooth, and informed
Educating policy makers and training technicians
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New Reality
CFCs HCFCs HFCs ??
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New “ReplacementRefs”
New LGWP Refs“For OEM Use”
R-410ALike
Capacity
R404A &R407/22
Like
R134aLike
GWP Level
400-675
< 1500
~600
150 - 300
R32
DP: DR7HWL: L40, L20
HFO 1234yfHFO 1234ze
R410A
R407CR22
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Today’s Refs
PressureOr
DP: DR33HWL: N20, N40
DP: DR5HWL: L41
DP: XP10HWL: N13
R134a
R407A
CO2
R404A
DP: DR2; HWL: N12
R290
NH3
A1 – Non Flammable
A2L – Mildly FlammableA3 – FlammableB2L – Toxic, Mildly Flam.
Qualitative Chart – Not To Scale
Lower GWP Refrigerant LandscapeOptions For New & Existing Applications Continue To Grow
ARK: ARM 70
ARK: ARM 30
ARK: ARM 32
R407F
R123-Like(V.Low Pr.)
(3922)
Used with permission from Rajan Rajendran, Emerson Climate Technologies
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Choosing a RefrigerantRefrigerants have unique operating characteristics:Choice cannot be based on one factor, but instead should be based on an analysis of all factors:
− Safe− Energy efficient− Widely available− Economical− GWP
Operating factors can be different:− Pressures− Incompatible lubricants− Incompatible metals and alloys− Flammability levels
Needs will be different for each application
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Avoiding Unintended Consequences
Used with permission from Rajan Rajendran, Emerson Climate Technologies
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Refrigerant Research
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Low GWP Alternative Refrigerant Evaluation Program Cooperative research program to identify suitable alternatives to high GWP refrigerants.Purpose is NOT to prioritize refrigerants, but rather test and present results in a consistent manner.Participants
− Sixteen (16) U.S. companies/organizations − Five (5) international companies/organizations − Six (6) refrigerant producers supplied thirty-eight (38) refrigerant candidates
Tests cover the following applications− Air-conditioners and heat pumps (air-source, water-source, VRF, unitary, mini-split)− Chillers (screw, centrifugal)− Heat pump water heater− Refrigeration (commercial refrigerator, ice machine)− Transport refrigeration− Bus air-conditioning
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Current Status of Low GWP AREP
Completion of the first round of testing – 3rd quarter of 2013− Results posted at:
http://www.ahrinet.org/ahri+low_gwp+alternative+refrigerants+evaluation+program.aspx
Low-GWP AREP Conference− January 16, 2014 in New York City
Possible second round of refrigerant testing
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Other Research
Risk Assessment of Residential Heat Pumps using 2L Refrigerants− Showed very low risk of ignition from the use of R-32, HFO-1234yf,
or HFO-1234ze in ducted residential split heat pump systems− October 2012 Report: www.ahrinet.org/technical+results.aspx
Configuration of AC/HP Systems Using Low GWP Refrigerants− Summarized configurations of residential air-conditioning and heat
pump systems using hydrocarbons, ammonia, carbon dioxide, and HFO-1234yf while meeting previously defined safety requirements.
− January 2013 Report: http://www.ahrinet.org/App_Content/ahri/files/RESEARCH/Technical%20Results/AHRI-8006%20Final%20Report.pdf
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New “ReplacementRefs”
New LGWP Refs“For OEM Use”
R-410ALike
Capacity
R404A &R407/22
Like
R134aLike
GWP Level
400-675
< 1500
~600
150 - 300
R32
DP: DR7HWL: L40, L20
HFO 1234yfHFO 1234ze
R410A
R407CR22
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Today’s Refs
PressureOr
DP: DR33HWL: N20, N40
DP: DR5HWL: L41
DP: XP10HWL: N13
R134a
R407A
CO2
R404A
DP: DR2; HWL: N12
R290
NH3
A1 – Non Flammable
A2L – Mildly FlammableA3 – FlammableB2L – Toxic, Mildly Flam.
Qualitative Chart – Not To Scale
Lower GWP Refrigerant LandscapeOptions For New & Existing Applications Continue To Grow
ARK: ARM 70
ARK: ARM 30
ARK: ARM 32
R407F
R123-Like(V.Low Pr.)
(3922)
Used with permission from Rajan Rajendran, Emerson Climate Technologies
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Education and Training
We must come together – globally – to develop an education and training planAHRI will lead collaborative U.S. effortWe can ensure a seamless transition to multiple refrigerants
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Summary
We understand policy interest in addressing high GWP refrigerantsAdequate time needed− To properly research alternatives− Engineer products that can use alternatives safely− Develop capacity to manufacture, distribute, and
sell We have a good record as an industry− We must continue to work with policy makers
We must seize the opportunity to approach global issue in a global not regional fashion
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Thank You!