steps of protein synthesis
DESCRIPTION
Steps of Protein Synthesis. DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA ( mRNA ) by an enzyme known as: RNA polymerase , which builds an RNA strand that is complimentary to the DNA strand. Before translation can happen mRNA must move out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Steps of Protein Synthesis
1. DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) by an enzyme known as:
RNA polymerase, which builds an RNA strand that is complimentary to the DNA strand.
2. Before translation can happen mRNA must move out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm.
Messenger RNA - mRNA
DNA’s “recipes” are transcribed by the enzyme ____ ____________ to make a molecule of mRNA.
mRNA is like a different language that the ribosome (protein building machine) can read.
Messenger RNA - mRNA
The message of mRNA is carried in “codons”
A codon is a three base sequence that will code for an Amino Acid (the building block of a proteins.
Together the codons in the mRNA strand code for 1 protein, typically hundreds or thousands of Amino Acids
DNA
DNA + DNA
mRNA
DNA or RNA?
Modeling Transcription
1. Build DNA molecule
2. Build mRNA molecule
LAB CHANGES*Only build 1 strand of DNA*Cut pipe cleaners into 4
pieces
Transcription (the first part of Protein
Synthesis)
A type of RNA, called mRNA (messenger)
goes into the nucleus and copies the DNA
The next step is that mRNA moves from the
nucleus to the cytoplasm.
DNA – ATCG
mRNA - UAGC
Animation Link
Any change in the DNA structure (specifically the order of nitrogen bases) is a mutation.
Mutations can be helpful, harmful, or neutral.
Helpful – can create diversity in a population
Harmful – can cause things like cancerNeutral – can have absolutely no effect at all
A mutagen is something that causes mutations in the DNA (for example: smoking, radiation from the sun etc)
Slooze Worm
An insertion mutation is when a nitrogen base is added to the existing DNA
A deletion mutation is when a nitrogen base is subtracted from the DNA
A substitution mutation is when one nitrogen base is put in place of another.
If our DNA was AATTGGCC
An insertion would be AATTAGGCC
A deletion would be AATGGCC
A substitution would be AAATGGCC
DNA Fingerprinting – technique used in criminal investigations.
DNA Fingerprinting takes the DNA out of a cell and separates it. This will allow investigators to
distinguish body cells of different individuals (since they are unlikely to have the same DNA)
Cloning – take the DNA out of one of
your cells then take the DNA out of a zygote (fertilized egg). Put the DNA from your cell into
the zygote.
Genetic engineering is the process of moving genes from the chromosomes of one organism to those of another organism.
Recombinant DNA is formed by joining DNA
molecules.from two different organisms